Value Refactoring

ablescript/src/ast.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 //! just plain subroutines and they do not return any value,
 //! so their calls are statements.
 
-use crate::{base_55::char2num, variables::Value};
+use crate::{base_55::char2num, value::Value};
 use std::{fmt::Debug, hash::Hash};
 
 type Span = std::ops::Range<usize>;

ablescript/src/consts.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Number constants.
 
-use crate::variables::{Value, Variable};
+use crate::value::{Value, Variable};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 pub const ANSWER: isize = 42;
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ pub fn ablescript_consts() -> HashMap<String, Variable> {
         ("AMOGUS", Str("ඞ".to_owned())),   // Amogus
         ("ANSWER", Int(ANSWER)),
         ("nul", Nul),
-        ("always", Abool(crate::variables::Abool::Always)),
-        ("sometimes", Abool(crate::variables::Abool::Sometimes)),
-        ("never", Abool(crate::variables::Abool::Never)),
+        ("always", Abool(crate::value::Abool::Always)),
+        ("sometimes", Abool(crate::value::Abool::Sometimes)),
+        ("never", Abool(crate::value::Abool::Never)),
     ]
     .into_iter()
     .map(|(name, value)| (name.to_owned(), Variable::from_value(value)))

ablescript/src/interpret.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use crate::{
     ast::{Assignable, AssignableKind, Expr, Spanned, Stmt},
     consts::ablescript_consts,
     error::{Error, ErrorKind},
-    variables::{Functio, Value, ValueRef, Variable},
+    value::{Functio, Value, ValueRef, Variable},
 };
 use rand::random;
 use std::{
@@ -450,15 +450,16 @@ impl ExecEnv {
             }
             Functio::Builtin(b) => b.call(args).map_err(|e| Error::new(e, span.clone()))?,
             Functio::Chain { functios, kind } => {
+                use crate::value::functio::FunctioChainKind;
                 let (left_functio, right_functio) = *functios;
                 match kind {
-                    crate::variables::FunctioChainKind::Equal => {
+                    FunctioChainKind::Equal => {
                         let (l, r) = args.split_at(args.len() / 2);
 
                         self.fn_call_with_values(left_functio, l, span)?;
                         self.fn_call_with_values(right_functio, r, span)?;
                     }
-                    crate::variables::FunctioChainKind::ByArity => {
+                    FunctioChainKind::ByArity => {
                         let (l, r) =
                             Self::deinterlace(args, (left_functio.arity(), right_functio.arity()));
 

ablescript/src/lib.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ pub mod ast;
 pub mod error;
 pub mod interpret;
 pub mod parser;
-pub mod variables;
+pub mod value;
 
 mod base_55;
 mod brian;

ablescript/src/value/coercions.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,279 @@
+use super::{functio::FunctioChainKind, Abool, Cart, Functio, Value, ValueRef};
+use crate::{brian::INSTRUCTION_MAPPINGS, consts};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+impl Value {
+    /// Coerce a value to an integer.
+    pub fn into_isize(self) -> isize {
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul => consts::ANSWER,
+            Value::Undefined => rand::random(),
+            Value::Str(text) => text
+                .parse()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| text.chars().map(|cr| cr as isize).sum()),
+            Value::Int(i) => i,
+            Value::Abool(a) => a as _,
+            Value::Functio(f) => match f {
+                Functio::Bf {
+                    instructions,
+                    tape_len,
+                } => {
+                    instructions.into_iter().map(|x| x as isize).sum::<isize>() * tape_len as isize
+                }
+                Functio::Able { params, body } => {
+                    params
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|x| x.bytes().map(|x| x as isize).sum::<isize>())
+                        .sum::<isize>()
+                        + body.len() as isize
+                }
+                Functio::Builtin(b) => (b.fn_addr() + b.arity) as _,
+                Functio::Chain { functios, kind } => {
+                    let (lf, rf) = *functios;
+                    Value::Functio(lf).into_isize()
+                        + Value::Functio(rf).into_isize()
+                            * match kind {
+                                FunctioChainKind::Equal => -1,
+                                FunctioChainKind::ByArity => 1,
+                            }
+                }
+                Functio::Eval(code) => code.bytes().map(|x| x as isize).sum(),
+            },
+            Value::Cart(c) => c
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(i, v)| i.into_isize() * v.borrow().clone().into_isize())
+                .sum(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Coerce a value to an aboolean.
+    pub fn into_abool(self) -> Abool {
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul => Abool::Never,
+            Value::Undefined => Abool::Sometimes,
+            Value::Str(s) => match s.to_lowercase().as_str() {
+                "never" | "no" | "🇳🇴" => Abool::Never,
+                "sometimes" => Abool::Sometimes,
+                "always" | "yes" => Abool::Always,
+                s => (!s.is_empty()).into(),
+            },
+            Value::Int(x) => match x.cmp(&0) {
+                std::cmp::Ordering::Less => Abool::Never,
+                std::cmp::Ordering::Equal => Abool::Sometimes,
+                std::cmp::Ordering::Greater => Abool::Always,
+            },
+            Value::Abool(a) => a,
+            Value::Functio(f) => match f {
+                Functio::Bf {
+                    instructions,
+                    tape_len,
+                } => Value::Int(
+                    (instructions.iter().map(|x| *x as usize).sum::<usize>() * tape_len) as _,
+                )
+                .into_abool(),
+                Functio::Able { params, body } => {
+                    let str_to_isize =
+                        |x: String| -> isize { x.as_bytes().iter().map(|x| *x as isize).sum() };
+
+                    let params: isize = params.into_iter().map(str_to_isize).sum();
+                    let body: isize = body
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .map(|x| format!("{:?}", x))
+                        .map(str_to_isize)
+                        .sum();
+
+                    Value::Int((params + body) % 3 - 1).into_abool()
+                }
+                Functio::Builtin(b) => (b.fn_addr() % b.arity == 0).into(),
+                Functio::Chain { functios, kind } => {
+                    let (lhs, rhs) = *functios;
+                    match kind {
+                        FunctioChainKind::Equal => {
+                            Value::Abool(Value::Functio(lhs).into_abool())
+                                + Value::Abool(Value::Functio(rhs).into_abool())
+                        }
+                        FunctioChainKind::ByArity => {
+                            Value::Abool(Value::Functio(lhs).into_abool())
+                                * Value::Abool(Value::Functio(rhs).into_abool())
+                        }
+                    }
+                    .into_abool()
+                }
+                Functio::Eval(code) => Value::Str(code).into_abool(),
+            },
+            Value::Cart(c) => {
+                if c.is_empty() {
+                    Abool::Never
+                } else {
+                    Abool::Always
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Coerce a value to a functio.
+    pub fn into_functio(self) -> Functio {
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul | Value::Undefined => Functio::Able {
+                body: vec![],
+                params: vec![],
+            },
+            Value::Str(s) => Functio::Eval(s),
+            Value::Int(i) => Functio::Bf {
+                instructions: {
+                    std::iter::successors(Some(i as usize), |i| {
+                        Some(i / INSTRUCTION_MAPPINGS.len())
+                    })
+                    .take_while(|&i| i != 0)
+                    .map(|i| INSTRUCTION_MAPPINGS[i % INSTRUCTION_MAPPINGS.len()])
+                    .collect()
+                },
+                tape_len: crate::brian::DEFAULT_TAPE_SIZE_LIMIT,
+            },
+            Value::Abool(a) => Functio::Eval(match a {
+                Abool::Never => "".to_owned(),
+                Abool::Sometimes => {
+                    use rand::seq::SliceRandom;
+                    let mut str_chars: Vec<_> = "Buy Able Products!".chars().collect();
+                    str_chars.shuffle(&mut rand::thread_rng());
+
+                    format!(r#""{}"print;"#, str_chars.iter().collect::<String>())
+                }
+                Abool::Always => r#"loop{"Buy Able products!"print;}"#.to_owned(),
+            }),
+            Value::Functio(f) => f,
+            Value::Cart(c) => {
+                let kind = if let Some(114514) = c
+                    .get(&Value::Str("1452251871514141792252515212116".to_owned()))
+                    .map(|x| x.borrow().to_owned().into_isize())
+                {
+                    FunctioChainKind::Equal
+                } else {
+                    FunctioChainKind::ByArity
+                };
+
+                let mut cart_vec = c.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                cart_vec.sort_by(|x, y| x.0.partial_cmp(y.0).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Less));
+
+                cart_vec
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|(_, x)| x.borrow().to_owned().into_functio())
+                    .reduce(|acc, x| Functio::Chain {
+                        functios: Box::new((acc, x)),
+                        kind,
+                    })
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| Functio::Eval(r#""Buy Able Products!"print;"#.to_owned()))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Coerce a value into a cart.
+    pub fn into_cart(self) -> Cart {
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul => HashMap::new(),
+            Value::Undefined => [(Value::Undefined, ValueRef::new(Value::Undefined))]
+                .into_iter()
+                .collect(),
+            Value::Str(s) => s
+                .chars()
+                .enumerate()
+                .map(|(i, x)| {
+                    (
+                        Value::Int(i as isize + 1),
+                        ValueRef::new(Value::Str(x.to_string())),
+                    )
+                })
+                .collect(),
+            Value::Int(i) => Value::Str(i.to_string()).into_cart(),
+            Value::Abool(a) => Value::Str(a.to_string()).into_cart(),
+            Value::Functio(f) => match f {
+                Functio::Able { params, body } => {
+                    let params: Cart = params
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .enumerate()
+                        .map(|(i, x)| (Value::Int(i as isize + 1), ValueRef::new(Value::Str(x))))
+                        .collect();
+
+                    let body: Cart = body
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .enumerate()
+                        .map(|(i, x)| {
+                            (
+                                Value::Int(i as isize + 1),
+                                ValueRef::new(Value::Str(format!("{:?}", x))),
+                            )
+                        })
+                        .collect();
+
+                    let mut cart = HashMap::new();
+                    cart.insert(
+                        Value::Str("params".to_owned()),
+                        ValueRef::new(Value::Cart(params)),
+                    );
+
+                    cart.insert(
+                        Value::Str("body".to_owned()),
+                        ValueRef::new(Value::Cart(body)),
+                    );
+
+                    cart
+                }
+                Functio::Bf {
+                    instructions,
+                    tape_len,
+                } => {
+                    let mut cart: Cart = instructions
+                        .into_iter()
+                        .enumerate()
+                        .map(|(i, x)| {
+                            (
+                                Value::Int(i as isize + 1),
+                                ValueRef::new(
+                                    char::from_u32(x as u32)
+                                        .map(|x| Value::Str(x.to_string()))
+                                        .unwrap_or(Value::Nul),
+                                ),
+                            )
+                        })
+                        .collect();
+
+                    cart.insert(
+                        Value::Str("tapelen".to_owned()),
+                        ValueRef::new(Value::Int(tape_len as _)),
+                    );
+                    cart
+                }
+                Functio::Builtin(b) => {
+                    let mut cart = HashMap::new();
+                    cart.insert(
+                        Value::Str("addr".to_owned()),
+                        ValueRef::new(Value::Cart(Value::Int(b.fn_addr() as _).into_cart())),
+                    );
+
+                    cart.insert(
+                        Value::Str("arity".to_owned()),
+                        ValueRef::new(Value::Int(b.arity as _)),
+                    );
+
+                    cart
+                }
+                Functio::Chain { functios, kind } => {
+                    let (lhs, rhs) = *functios;
+                    match kind {
+                        FunctioChainKind::Equal => {
+                            Value::Cart(Value::Functio(lhs).into_cart())
+                                + Value::Cart(Value::Functio(rhs).into_cart())
+                        }
+                        FunctioChainKind::ByArity => {
+                            Value::Cart(Value::Functio(lhs).into_cart())
+                                * Value::Cart(Value::Functio(rhs).into_cart())
+                        }
+                    }
+                    .into_cart()
+                }
+                Functio::Eval(s) => Value::Str(s).into_cart(),
+            },
+            Value::Cart(c) => c,
+        }
+    }
+}

ablescript/src/value/functio.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+use super::ValueRef;
+use crate::ast::Block;
+use std::{hash::Hash, rc::Rc};
+
+/// AbleScript Function
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone, Hash)]
+pub enum Functio {
+    /// BF instructions and a length of the type
+    ///
+    /// Takes input bytes as parameters
+    Bf {
+        instructions: Vec<u8>,
+        tape_len: usize,
+    },
+
+    /// Regular AbleScript functio
+    ///
+    /// Consists of parameter name mapping and AST
+    Able { params: Vec<String>, body: Block },
+
+    /// Builtin Rust functio
+    Builtin(BuiltinFunctio),
+
+    /// Chained functio pair
+    Chain {
+        functios: Box<(Functio, Functio)>,
+        kind: FunctioChainKind,
+    },
+
+    /// Code to be parsed and then executed in current scope
+    Eval(String),
+}
+
+impl Functio {
+    pub fn arity(&self) -> usize {
+        match self {
+            Functio::Bf {
+                instructions: _,
+                tape_len: _,
+            } => 0,
+            Functio::Able { params, body: _ } => params.len(),
+            Functio::Builtin(b) => b.arity,
+            Functio::Chain { functios, kind: _ } => functios.0.arity() + functios.1.arity(),
+            Functio::Eval(_) => 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Built-in Rust functio
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct BuiltinFunctio {
+    pub(super) function: Rc<dyn Fn(&[ValueRef]) -> Result<(), crate::error::ErrorKind>>,
+    pub(super) arity: usize,
+}
+
+impl BuiltinFunctio {
+    /// Wrap a Rust function into AbleScript's built-in functio
+    /// 
+    /// Arity used for functio chaining, recommend value for variadic
+    /// functions is the accepted minimum.
+    pub fn new<F>(f: F, arity: usize) -> Self
+    where
+        F: Fn(&[ValueRef]) -> Result<(), crate::error::ErrorKind> + 'static,
+    {
+        Self {
+            function: Rc::new(f),
+            arity,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn call(&self, args: &[ValueRef]) -> Result<(), crate::error::ErrorKind> {
+        (self.function)(args)
+    }
+
+    pub fn fn_addr(&self) -> usize {
+        Rc::as_ptr(&self.function) as *const () as _
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for BuiltinFunctio {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("BuiltinFunctio")
+            .field("function", &"built-in")
+            .field("arity", &self.arity)
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for BuiltinFunctio {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.fn_addr() == other.fn_addr() && self.arity == other.arity
+    }
+}
+
+impl Hash for BuiltinFunctio {
+    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.fn_addr().hash(state);
+        self.arity.hash(state);
+    }
+}
+
+/// A method of distributting parameters across functio chain
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Copy, Clone, Hash)]
+pub enum FunctioChainKind {
+    /// All parameters are equally distributed
+    Equal,
+
+    /// Parameters are distributed to members of chain
+    /// by their arity
+    ByArity,
+}

ablescript/src/value/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+pub mod functio;
+
+mod coercions;
+mod ops;
+
+pub use functio::Functio;
+
+use std::{
+    cell::{Ref, RefCell, RefMut},
+    collections::HashMap,
+    fmt::Display,
+    hash::Hash,
+    io::Write,
+    mem::discriminant,
+    rc::Rc,
+};
+
+pub type Cart = HashMap<Value, ValueRef>;
+
+/// AbleScript Value
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Value {
+    Nul,
+    Undefined,
+    Str(String),
+    Int(isize),
+    Abool(Abool),
+    Functio(Functio),
+    Cart(Cart),
+}
+
+impl Default for Value {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Nul
+    }
+}
+
+impl Hash for Value {
+    fn hash<H: std::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        discriminant(self).hash(state);
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul | Value::Undefined => (),
+            Value::Str(v) => v.hash(state),
+            Value::Int(v) => v.hash(state),
+            Value::Abool(v) => v.to_string().hash(state),
+            Value::Functio(statements) => statements.hash(state),
+            Value::Cart(_) => self.to_string().hash(state),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Value {
+    /// Write an AbleScript value to a Brainfuck input stream by
+    /// coercing the value to an integer, then truncating that integer
+    /// to a single byte, then writing that byte. This should only be
+    /// called on `Write`rs that cannot fail, e.g., `Vec<u8>`, because
+    /// any IO errors will cause a panic.
+    pub fn bf_write(&self, stream: &mut impl Write) {
+        stream
+            .write_all(&[self.clone().into_isize() as u8])
+            .expect("Failed to write to Brainfuck input");
+    }
+}
+
+/// Three-state logic value
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
+pub enum Abool {
+    Never = -1,
+    Sometimes = 0,
+    Always = 1,
+}
+
+impl Abool {
+    pub fn to_bool(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Self::Always => true,
+            Self::Sometimes if rand::random() => true,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for Abool {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Abool::Never => write!(f, "never"),
+            Abool::Sometimes => write!(f, "sometimes"),
+            Abool::Always => write!(f, "always"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<bool> for Abool {
+    fn from(b: bool) -> Self {
+        if b {
+            Abool::Always
+        } else {
+            Abool::Never
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for Value {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul => write!(f, "nul"),
+            Value::Undefined => write!(f, "undefined"),
+            Value::Str(v) => write!(f, "{}", v),
+            Value::Int(v) => write!(f, "{}", v),
+            Value::Abool(v) => write!(f, "{}", v),
+            Value::Functio(v) => match v {
+                Functio::Bf {
+                    instructions,
+                    tape_len,
+                } => {
+                    write!(
+                        f,
+                        "({}) {}",
+                        tape_len,
+                        String::from_utf8(instructions.to_owned())
+                            .expect("Brainfuck functio source should be UTF-8")
+                    )
+                }
+                Functio::Able { params, body } => {
+                    write!(
+                        f,
+                        "({}) -> {:?}",
+                        params.join(", "),
+                        // Maybe we should have a pretty-printer for
+                        // statement blocks at some point?
+                        body,
+                    )
+                }
+                Functio::Builtin(b) => write!(f, "builtin @ {}", b.fn_addr()),
+                Functio::Chain { functios, kind } => {
+                    let (a, b) = *functios.clone();
+                    write!(
+                        f,
+                        "{} {} {} ",
+                        Value::Functio(a),
+                        match kind {
+                            functio::FunctioChainKind::Equal => '+',
+                            functio::FunctioChainKind::ByArity => '*',
+                        },
+                        Value::Functio(b)
+                    )
+                }
+                Functio::Eval(s) => write!(f, "{}", s),
+            },
+            Value::Cart(c) => {
+                write!(f, "[")?;
+                let mut cart_vec = c.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                cart_vec.sort_by(|x, y| x.0.partial_cmp(y.0).unwrap_or(std::cmp::Ordering::Less));
+
+                for (idx, (key, value)) in cart_vec.into_iter().enumerate() {
+                    write!(
+                        f,
+                        "{}{} <= {}",
+                        if idx != 0 { ", " } else { "" },
+                        value.borrow(),
+                        key
+                    )?;
+                }
+
+                write!(f, "]")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Runtime borrow-checked, counted reference to a [Value]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub struct ValueRef(Rc<RefCell<Value>>);
+
+impl ValueRef {
+    pub fn new(v: Value) -> Self {
+        Self(Rc::new(RefCell::new(v)))
+    }
+
+    pub fn borrow(&self) -> Ref<Value> {
+        self.0.borrow()
+    }
+
+    pub fn borrow_mut(&self) -> RefMut<Value> {
+        self.0.borrow_mut()
+    }
+
+    pub fn replace(&self, v: Value) -> Value {
+        self.0.replace(v)
+    }
+}
+
+/// AbleScript variable either holding a reference
+/// or being banned
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum Variable {
+    /// Reference to a value
+    Ref(ValueRef),
+
+    /// Banned variable
+    Melo,
+}
+
+impl Variable {
+    pub fn from_value(value: Value) -> Self {
+        Self::Ref(ValueRef::new(value))
+    }
+}

ablescript/src/value/ops.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
+use super::{
+    functio::{BuiltinFunctio, FunctioChainKind},
+    Abool, Functio, Value, ValueRef,
+};
+use crate::consts;
+use rand::Rng;
+use std::{
+    collections::HashMap,
+    ops::{Add, Div, Mul, Not, Sub},
+};
+
+impl Add for Value {
+    type Output = Value;
+
+    fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul | Value::Undefined => match rhs {
+                Value::Nul => Value::Nul,
+                Value::Undefined => Value::Undefined,
+                Value::Str(_) => Value::Str(self.to_string()) + rhs,
+                Value::Int(_) => Value::Int(self.into_isize()) + rhs,
+                Value::Abool(_) => Value::Abool(self.into_abool()) + rhs,
+                Value::Functio(_) => Value::Functio(self.into_functio()) + rhs,
+                Value::Cart(_) => Value::Cart(self.into_cart()) + rhs,
+            },
+            Value::Str(s) => Value::Str(format!("{s}{rhs}")),
+            Value::Int(i) => Value::Int(i.wrapping_add(rhs.into_isize())),
+            Value::Abool(_) => {
+                Value::Abool(Value::Int(self.into_isize().max(rhs.into_isize())).into_abool())
+            }
+            Value::Functio(f) => Value::Functio(Functio::Chain {
+                functios: Box::new((f, rhs.into_functio())),
+                kind: FunctioChainKind::Equal,
+            }),
+            Value::Cart(c) => {
+                Value::Cart(c.into_iter().chain(rhs.into_cart().into_iter()).collect())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Sub for Value {
+    type Output = Value;
+
+    fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul | Value::Undefined => match rhs {
+                Value::Nul => Value::Nul,
+                Value::Undefined => Value::Undefined,
+                Value::Str(_) => Value::Str(self.to_string()) - rhs,
+                Value::Int(_) => Value::Int(self.into_isize()) - rhs,
+                Value::Abool(_) => Value::Abool(self.into_abool()) - rhs,
+                Value::Functio(_) => Value::Functio(self.into_functio()) - rhs,
+                Value::Cart(_) => Value::Cart(self.into_cart()) - rhs,
+            },
+            Value::Str(s) => Value::Str(s.replace(&rhs.to_string(), "")),
+            Value::Int(i) => Value::Int(i.wrapping_sub(rhs.into_isize())),
+            Value::Abool(_) => (self.clone() + rhs.clone()) * !(self * rhs),
+            Value::Functio(f) => Value::Functio(match f {
+                Functio::Bf {
+                    instructions: lhs_ins,
+                    tape_len: lhs_tl,
+                } => match rhs.into_functio() {
+                    Functio::Bf {
+                        instructions: rhs_ins,
+                        tape_len: rhs_tl,
+                    } => Functio::Bf {
+                        instructions: lhs_ins
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .zip(rhs_ins.into_iter())
+                            .filter_map(|(l, r)| if l != r { Some(l) } else { None })
+                            .collect(),
+                        tape_len: lhs_tl - rhs_tl,
+                    },
+                    rhs => Functio::Bf {
+                        instructions: lhs_ins
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .zip(Value::Functio(rhs).to_string().bytes())
+                            .filter_map(|(l, r)| if l != r { Some(l) } else { None })
+                            .collect(),
+                        tape_len: lhs_tl,
+                    },
+                },
+                Functio::Able {
+                    params: lhs_params,
+                    body: lhs_body,
+                } => match rhs.into_functio() {
+                    Functio::Able {
+                        params: rhs_params,
+                        body: rhs_body,
+                    } => Functio::Able {
+                        params: lhs_params
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .zip(rhs_params.into_iter())
+                            .filter_map(|(l, r)| if l != r { Some(l) } else { None })
+                            .collect(),
+                        body: lhs_body
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .zip(rhs_body.into_iter())
+                            .filter_map(|(l, r)| if l != r { Some(l) } else { None })
+                            .collect(),
+                    },
+                    rhs => Value::Int(
+                        Value::Functio(Functio::Able {
+                            params: lhs_params,
+                            body: lhs_body,
+                        })
+                        .into_isize()
+                            - Value::Functio(rhs).into_isize(),
+                    )
+                    .into_functio(),
+                },
+                Functio::Builtin(b) => {
+                    let arity = b.arity;
+                    let resulting_arity = arity.saturating_sub(rhs.into_isize() as usize);
+
+                    Functio::Builtin(BuiltinFunctio::new(
+                        move |args| {
+                            b.call(
+                                &args
+                                    .iter()
+                                    .take(resulting_arity)
+                                    .cloned()
+                                    .chain(std::iter::repeat_with(|| ValueRef::new(Value::Nul)))
+                                    .take(arity)
+                                    .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
+                            )
+                        },
+                        resulting_arity,
+                    ))
+                }
+                Functio::Chain { functios, .. } => {
+                    let rhs = rhs.into_functio();
+                    let (a, b) = *functios;
+
+                    match (a == rhs, b == rhs) {
+                        (_, true) => a,
+                        (true, _) => b,
+                        (_, _) => (Value::Functio(a) - Value::Functio(rhs)).into_functio(),
+                    }
+                }
+                Functio::Eval(lhs_code) => Functio::Eval(lhs_code.replace(
+                    &match rhs.into_functio() {
+                        Functio::Eval(code) => code,
+                        rhs => Value::Functio(rhs).to_string(),
+                    },
+                    "",
+                )),
+            }),
+            Value::Cart(c) => Value::Cart({
+                let rhs_cart = rhs.into_cart();
+                c.into_iter()
+                    .filter(|(k, v)| rhs_cart.get(k) != Some(v))
+                    .collect()
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mul for Value {
+    type Output = Value;
+
+    fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul | Value::Undefined => match rhs {
+                Value::Nul => Value::Nul,
+                Value::Undefined => Value::Undefined,
+                Value::Str(_) => Value::Str(self.to_string()) * rhs,
+                Value::Int(_) => Value::Int(self.into_isize()) * rhs,
+                Value::Abool(_) => Value::Abool(self.into_abool()) * rhs,
+                Value::Functio(_) => Value::Functio(self.into_functio()) * rhs,
+                Value::Cart(_) => Value::Cart(self.into_cart()) * rhs,
+            },
+            Value::Str(s) => Value::Str(s.repeat(rhs.into_isize() as usize)),
+            Value::Int(i) => Value::Int(i.wrapping_mul(rhs.into_isize())),
+            Value::Abool(_) => {
+                Value::Abool(Value::Int(self.into_isize().min(rhs.into_isize())).into_abool())
+            }
+            Value::Functio(f) => Value::Functio(Functio::Chain {
+                functios: Box::new((f, rhs.into_functio())),
+                kind: FunctioChainKind::ByArity,
+            }),
+            Value::Cart(c) => {
+                let rhsc = rhs.into_cart();
+
+                Value::Cart(
+                    c.into_iter()
+                        .map(|(k, v)| {
+                            if let Some(k) = rhsc.get(&k) {
+                                (k.borrow().clone(), v)
+                            } else {
+                                (k, v)
+                            }
+                        })
+                        .collect(),
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Div for Value {
+    type Output = Value;
+
+    fn div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul | Value::Undefined => match rhs {
+                Value::Nul => Value::Nul,
+                Value::Undefined => Value::Undefined,
+                Value::Str(_) => Value::Str(self.to_string()) / rhs,
+                Value::Int(_) => Value::Int(self.into_isize()) / rhs,
+                Value::Abool(_) => Value::Abool(self.into_abool()) / rhs,
+                Value::Functio(_) => Value::Functio(self.into_functio()) / rhs,
+                Value::Cart(_) => Value::Cart(self.into_cart()) / rhs,
+            },
+            Value::Str(s) => Value::Cart(
+                s.split(&rhs.to_string())
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .map(|(i, x)| {
+                        (
+                            Value::Int(i as isize + 1),
+                            ValueRef::new(Value::Str(x.to_owned())),
+                        )
+                    })
+                    .collect(),
+            ),
+            Value::Int(i) => Value::Int(i.wrapping_div(match rhs.into_isize() {
+                0 => consts::ANSWER,
+                x => x,
+            })),
+            Value::Abool(_) => !self + rhs,
+            Value::Functio(f) => Value::Functio(match f {
+                Functio::Bf {
+                    instructions,
+                    tape_len,
+                } => {
+                    let fraction = 1.0 / rhs.into_isize() as f64;
+                    let len = instructions.len();
+                    Functio::Bf {
+                        instructions: instructions
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .take((len as f64 * fraction) as usize)
+                            .collect(),
+                        tape_len,
+                    }
+                }
+                Functio::Able { params, body } => {
+                    let fraction = 1.0 / rhs.into_isize() as f64;
+                    let len = body.len();
+                    Functio::Able {
+                        params,
+                        body: body
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .take((len as f64 * fraction) as usize)
+                            .collect(),
+                    }
+                }
+                Functio::Builtin(b) => Functio::Builtin(BuiltinFunctio {
+                    arity: b.arity + rhs.into_isize() as usize,
+                    ..b
+                }),
+                Functio::Chain { functios, kind } => {
+                    let functios = *functios;
+                    Functio::Chain {
+                        functios: Box::new((
+                            (Value::Functio(functios.0) / rhs.clone()).into_functio(),
+                            (Value::Functio(functios.1) / rhs).into_functio(),
+                        )),
+                        kind,
+                    }
+                }
+                Functio::Eval(s) => {
+                    let fraction = 1.0 / rhs.into_isize() as f64;
+                    let len = s.len();
+                    Functio::Eval(s.chars().take((len as f64 * fraction) as usize).collect())
+                }
+            }),
+            Value::Cart(c) => {
+                let cart_len = match c.len() {
+                    0 => return Value::Cart(HashMap::new()),
+                    l => l,
+                };
+
+                let chunk_len = match rhs.into_isize() as usize {
+                    0 => rand::thread_rng().gen_range(1..=cart_len),
+                    l => l,
+                };
+
+                Value::Cart(
+                    c.into_iter()
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                        .chunks(cart_len / chunk_len + (cart_len % chunk_len != 0) as usize)
+                        .enumerate()
+                        .map(|(k, v)| {
+                            (
+                                Value::Int(k as isize + 1),
+                                ValueRef::new(Value::Cart(v.iter().cloned().collect())),
+                            )
+                        })
+                        .collect(),
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Not for Value {
+    type Output = Value;
+
+    fn not(self) -> Self::Output {
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul => Value::Undefined,
+            Value::Undefined => Value::Nul,
+            Value::Str(s) => Value::Str(s.chars().rev().collect()),
+            Value::Int(i) => Value::Int(i.swap_bytes()),
+            Value::Abool(a) => Value::Abool(match a {
+                Abool::Never => Abool::Always,
+                Abool::Sometimes => Abool::Sometimes,
+                Abool::Always => Abool::Never,
+            }),
+            Value::Functio(f) => Value::Functio(match f {
+                Functio::Bf {
+                    mut instructions,
+                    tape_len,
+                } => {
+                    instructions.reverse();
+
+                    Functio::Bf {
+                        instructions,
+                        tape_len,
+                    }
+                }
+                Functio::Able {
+                    mut params,
+                    mut body,
+                } => {
+                    params.reverse();
+                    body.reverse();
+
+                    Functio::Able { params, body }
+                }
+                Functio::Builtin(b) => {
+                    let arity = b.arity;
+                    Functio::Builtin(BuiltinFunctio::new(
+                        move |args| b.call(&args.iter().cloned().rev().collect::<Vec<_>>()),
+                        arity,
+                    ))
+                }
+                Functio::Chain { functios, kind } => {
+                    let (a, b) = *functios;
+                    Functio::Chain {
+                        functios: Box::new((
+                            (!Value::Functio(b)).into_functio(),
+                            (!Value::Functio(a)).into_functio(),
+                        )),
+                        kind,
+                    }
+                }
+                Functio::Eval(code) => Functio::Eval(code.chars().rev().collect()),
+            }),
+            Value::Cart(c) => Value::Cart(
+                c.into_iter()
+                    .map(|(k, v)| (v.borrow().clone(), ValueRef::new(k)))
+                    .collect(),
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq for Value {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        let other = other.clone();
+
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul => matches!(other, Value::Nul),
+            Value::Undefined => matches!(other, Value::Undefined),
+            Value::Str(s) => *s == other.to_string(),
+            Value::Int(i) => *i == other.into_isize(),
+            Value::Abool(a) => *a == other.into_abool(),
+            Value::Functio(f) => *f == other.into_functio(),
+            Value::Cart(c) => *c == other.into_cart(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Eq for Value {}
+
+impl PartialOrd for Value {
+    fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Self) -> Option<std::cmp::Ordering> {
+        use std::cmp::Ordering::*;
+        let other = other.clone();
+
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul if other == Value::Nul => Some(Equal),
+            Value::Undefined if other == Value::Undefined => Some(Equal),
+            Value::Str(s) => Some(s.cmp(&other.to_string())),
+            Value::Int(i) => Some(i.cmp(&other.into_isize())),
+            Value::Abool(a) => a.partial_cmp(&other.into_abool()),
+            Value::Functio(_) => self.clone().into_isize().partial_cmp(&other.into_isize()),
+            Value::Cart(c) => Some(c.len().cmp(&other.into_cart().len())),
+            Value::Nul | Value::Undefined => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Value {
+    /// Get a length of a value
+    pub fn length(&self) -> isize {
+        match self {
+            Value::Nul => 0,
+            Value::Undefined => -1,
+            Value::Str(s) => s.len() as _,
+            Value::Int(i) => i.count_zeros() as _,
+            Value::Abool(a) => match a {
+                Abool::Never => -3,
+                Abool::Sometimes => {
+                    if rand::thread_rng().gen() {
+                        3
+                    } else {
+                        -3
+                    }
+                }
+                Abool::Always => 3,
+            },
+            Value::Functio(f) => match f {
+                // Compares lengths of functions:
+                // BfFunctio - Sum of lengths of instructions and length of tape
+                // AbleFunctio - Sum of argument count and body length
+                // Eval - Length of input code
+                Functio::Bf {
+                    instructions,
+                    tape_len,
+                } => (instructions.len() + tape_len) as _,
+                Functio::Able { params, body } => (params.len() + format!("{:?}", body).len()) as _,
+                Functio::Builtin(b) => (std::mem::size_of_val(b.function.as_ref()) + b.arity) as _,
+                Functio::Chain { functios, kind } => {
+                    let (lhs, rhs) = *functios.clone();
+                    match kind {
+                        FunctioChainKind::Equal => {
+                            Value::Int(Value::Functio(lhs).into_isize())
+                                + Value::Int(Value::Functio(rhs).into_isize())
+                        }
+                        FunctioChainKind::ByArity => {
+                            Value::Int(Value::Functio(lhs).into_isize())
+                                * Value::Int(Value::Functio(rhs).into_isize())
+                        }
+                    }
+                    .into_isize()
+                }
+                Functio::Eval(s) => s.len() as _,
+            },
+            Value::Cart(c) => c.len() as _,
+        }
+    }
+}