initial work to adhere spec in handling memory access faults

(also i wanted to test if my comming signing works)

Cargo.lock

@@ -13,40 +13,29 @@ dependencies = [
  "version_check",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "allocator-api2"
-version = "0.2.16"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "0942ffc6dcaadf03badf6e6a2d0228460359d5e34b57ccdc720b7382dfbd5ec5"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "ariadne"
-version = "0.3.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "72fe02fc62033df9ba41cba57ee19acf5e742511a140c7dbc3a873e19a19a1bd"
-dependencies = [
- "unicode-width",
- "yansi",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "beef"
 version = "0.5.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "3a8241f3ebb85c056b509d4327ad0358fbbba6ffb340bf388f26350aeda225b1"
 
-[[package]]
-name = "bytemuck"
-version = "1.13.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "17febce684fd15d89027105661fec94afb475cb995fbc59d2865198446ba2eea"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "cfg-if"
 version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "baf1de4339761588bc0619e3cbc0120ee582ebb74b53b4efbf79117bd2da40fd"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "delegate"
+version = "0.9.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "d358e0ec5c59a5e1603b933def447096886121660fc680dc1e64a0753981fe3c"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "syn 1.0.109",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "fnv"
 version = "1.0.7"
@@ -62,26 +51,12 @@ dependencies = [
  "ahash",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "hashbrown"
-version = "0.14.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "2c6201b9ff9fd90a5a3bac2e56a830d0caa509576f0e503818ee82c181b3437a"
-dependencies = [
- "ahash",
- "allocator-api2",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "hbasm"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
- "ariadne",
- "bytemuck",
- "hashbrown 0.14.0",
  "hbbytecode",
  "lasso",
- "literify",
  "logos",
  "paste",
 ]
@@ -94,7 +69,12 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 name = "hbvm"
 version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
+ "delegate",
+ "hashbrown",
  "hbbytecode",
+ "log",
+ "paste",
+ "static_assertions",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -103,28 +83,16 @@ version = "0.7.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "4644821e1c3d7a560fe13d842d13f587c07348a1a05d3a797152d41c90c56df2"
 dependencies = [
- "ahash",
+ "hashbrown",
- "hashbrown 0.13.2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
-name = "literify"
+name = "log"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.4.17"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "54e4d365df794ed78b4ce1061886f82eae7afa8e3a98ce4c4b0bfd0c777b1175"
+checksum = "abb12e687cfb44aa40f41fc3978ef76448f9b6038cad6aef4259d3c095a2382e"
 dependencies = [
- "litrs",
+ "cfg-if",
- "proc-macro2",
- "quote",
-]
-
-[[package]]
-name = "litrs"
-version = "0.4.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4f17c3668f3cc1132437cdadc93dab05e52d592f06948d3f64828430c36e4a70"
-dependencies = [
- "proc-macro2",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -147,7 +115,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "regex-syntax",
- "syn",
+ "syn 2.0.18",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -161,30 +129,30 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "once_cell"
-version = "1.18.0"
+version = "1.17.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "dd8b5dd2ae5ed71462c540258bedcb51965123ad7e7ccf4b9a8cafaa4a63576d"
+checksum = "b7e5500299e16ebb147ae15a00a942af264cf3688f47923b8fc2cd5858f23ad3"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "paste"
-version = "1.0.14"
+version = "1.0.12"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "de3145af08024dea9fa9914f381a17b8fc6034dfb00f3a84013f7ff43f29ed4c"
+checksum = "9f746c4065a8fa3fe23974dd82f15431cc8d40779821001404d10d2e79ca7d79"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "proc-macro2"
-version = "1.0.66"
+version = "1.0.59"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "18fb31db3f9bddb2ea821cde30a9f70117e3f119938b5ee630b7403aa6e2ead9"
+checksum = "6aeca18b86b413c660b781aa319e4e2648a3e6f9eadc9b47e9038e6fe9f3451b"
 dependencies = [
  "unicode-ident",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "quote"
-version = "1.0.33"
+version = "1.0.28"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "5267fca4496028628a95160fc423a33e8b2e6af8a5302579e322e4b520293cae"
+checksum = "1b9ab9c7eadfd8df19006f1cf1a4aed13540ed5cbc047010ece5826e10825488"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
 ]
@@ -196,10 +164,27 @@ source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f162c6dd7b008981e4d40210aca20b4bd0f9b60ca9271061b07f78537722f2e1"
 
 [[package]]
-name = "syn"
+name = "static_assertions"
-version = "2.0.29"
+version = "1.1.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c324c494eba9d92503e6f1ef2e6df781e78f6a7705a0202d9801b198807d518a"
+checksum = "a2eb9349b6444b326872e140eb1cf5e7c522154d69e7a0ffb0fb81c06b37543f"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "1.0.109"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "72b64191b275b66ffe2469e8af2c1cfe3bafa67b529ead792a6d0160888b4237"
+dependencies = [
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "unicode-ident",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "syn"
+version = "2.0.18"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "32d41677bcbe24c20c52e7c70b0d8db04134c5d1066bf98662e2871ad200ea3e"
 dependencies = [
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
@@ -208,24 +193,12 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-ident"
-version = "1.0.11"
+version = "1.0.9"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "301abaae475aa91687eb82514b328ab47a211a533026cb25fc3e519b86adfc3c"
+checksum = "b15811caf2415fb889178633e7724bad2509101cde276048e013b9def5e51fa0"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "unicode-width"
-version = "0.1.10"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "c0edd1e5b14653f783770bce4a4dabb4a5108a5370a5f5d8cfe8710c361f6c8b"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "version_check"
 version = "0.9.4"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "49874b5167b65d7193b8aba1567f5c7d93d001cafc34600cee003eda787e483f"
-
-[[package]]
-name = "yansi"
-version = "0.5.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "09041cd90cf85f7f8b2df60c646f853b7f535ce68f85244eb6731cf89fa498ec"

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 [workspace]
-resolver = "2"
+members = ["hbasm", "hbbytecode", "hbvm"]
-members  = ["hbasm", "hbbytecode", "hbvm"]

assets/example.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+load 0 a0        ;; 05 00 A0
+load 10 a1       ;; 05 10 A1
+add a0 1 a0      ;; 01 A0 01 A0
+jump_neq a0 a1 0 ;; a1 A0 A1 0

assets/example.bytes

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+load 10 A1
+load 0 A0
+add A0 1
+jump_less_than A0 A1 0

c-abi.md

@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-# C ABI (proposal)
-
-## C datatypes
-| C Type      | Description              |     Size (B) |
-|:------------|:-------------------------|-------------:|
-| char        | Character / byte         |            8 |
-| short       | Short integer            |           16 |
-| int         | Integer                  |           32 |
-| long        | Long integer             |           64 |
-| long long   | Long long integer        |           64 |
-| T*          | Pointer                  |           64 |
-| float       | Single-precision float   |           32 |
-| double      | Double-precision float   |           64 |
-| long double | Extended-precision float | **Bikeshed** |
-
-## Registers
-| Register | ABI Name | Description    | Saver  |
-|:---------|:---------|:---------------|:-------|
-| `r0`     | —        | Zero register  | N/A    |
-| `r1`     | `ra`     | Return address | Caller |
-| `r2`     | `sp`     | Stack pointer  | Callee |
-| `r3`     | `tp`     | Thread pointer | N/A    |
-
-**TODO:** Parameters
-
-**TODO:** Saved
-
-**TODO:** Temp
-

hbasm/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,18 +4,10 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
-ariadne    = "0.3"
-bytemuck   = "1.13"
-hashbrown  = "0.14"
 hbbytecode = { path = "../hbbytecode" }
-literify   = "0.1"
+lasso      = "0.7"
 paste      = "1.0"
 
-[dependencies.lasso]
-version = "0.7"
-default-features = false
-features = ["no-std"]
-
 [dependencies.logos]
 version = "0.13"
 default-features = false

hbasm/assets/add.hbasm

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
--- Add two numbers
--- A + B = C
-
--- r1 A
-li r1, 2
--- r2 Result
-li r2, 0
--- B = 4
-addi r2, r1, 4
-
--- terminate execution
-tx

hbasm/assets/celsius_converter.hbasm

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
--- r1 will be the temp in fahrenheit
--- r2 temp in celsius 
--- r3/r4/r5 will be used by constants
-
--- (f - 32) * 5 / 9
-
-li r1, 100
-
-li r3, 32
-li r4, 5
-li r5, 9
-
-sub r2, r1, r3
-mul r2, r2, r4
-dir r2, r0, r2, r5
-tx

hbasm/assets/ecall.hbasm

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-li r255, 0
-ecall
-
-li r255, 1
-li r254, 1
-li r253, 100
-ecall
-
-li r255, 2
-li r254, 0
-li r253, 0
-ecall
-
-tx

hbasm/assets/inf_loop.hbasm

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-L:
- jal r0, r0, L

hbasm/assets/memory.hbasm

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-li r20, 1010
-st r20, r24, 0, 1
-addi r24, r0, 10
-tx

hbasm/assets/serial_driver.hbasm

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-jmp r0, start
-start:
-    jmp r0, init_serial_port
-
--- Uses r20 to set the port
-init_serial_port:
-    add r20, r30, r10
-    li r20, 00
-
-   -- outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    // Disable all interrupts
-   -- outb(PORT + 3, 0x80);    // Enable DLAB (set baud rate divisor)
-   -- outb(PORT + 0, 0x03);    // Set divisor to 3 (lo byte) 38400 baud
-   -- outb(PORT + 1, 0x00);    //                  (hi byte)
-   -- outb(PORT + 3, 0x03);    // 8 bits, no parity, one stop bit
-   -- outb(PORT + 2, 0xC7);    // Enable FIFO, clear them, with 14-byte threshold
-   -- outb(PORT + 4, 0x0B);    // IRQs enabled, RTS/DSR set
-   -- outb(PORT + 4, 0x1E);    // Set in loopback mode, test the serial chip
-   -- outb(PORT + 0, 0xAE);    // Test serial chip (send byte 0xAE and check if serial returns same byte)

hbasm/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,104 +1,269 @@
-//! Holey Bytes Assembler
+use std::collections::HashMap;
-//!
-//! Some people claim:
-//! > Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a universal interface.
-//!
-//! We at AbleCorp believe that nice programatic API is nicer than piping some text
-//! into a program. It's less error-prone and faster.
-//!
-//! So this crate contains both assembleer with API for programs and a text assembler
-//! for humans to write
-
-#![no_std]
-
-extern crate alloc;
-
-mod macros;
-
 use {
-    alloc::{vec, vec::Vec},
+    lasso::{Rodeo, Spur},
-    hashbrown::HashSet,
+    logos::{Lexer, Logos, Span},
+    std::fmt::{Display, Formatter},
 };
 
-/// Assembler
+macro_rules! tokendef {
-///
+    ($($opcode:literal),* $(,)?) => {
-/// - Opcode-generic, instruction-type-specific methods are named `i_param_<type>`
+        paste::paste! {
-///     - You likely won't need to use them, but they are here, just in case :)
+            #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Logos)]
-/// - Instruction-specific methods are named `i_<instruction>`
+            #[logos(extras = Rodeo)]
-pub struct Assembler {
+            #[logos(skip r"[ \t\f]+")]
-    pub buf: Vec<u8>,
+            #[logos(skip r"-- .*")]
-    pub sub: HashSet<usize>,
+            pub enum Token {
-}
+                $(#[token($opcode, |_| hbbytecode::opcode::[<$opcode:upper>])])*
+                OpCode(u8),
 
-impl Default for Assembler {
+                #[regex("[0-9]+", |l| l.slice().parse().ok())]
-    fn default() -> Self {
+                #[regex(
-        Self {
+                    "-[0-9]+",
-            buf: vec![0; 4],
+                    |lexer| {
-            sub: Default::default(),
+                        Some(u64::from_ne_bytes(lexer.slice().parse::<i64>().ok()?.to_ne_bytes()))
-        }
+                    },
-    }
+                )] Integer(u64),
-}
 
-hbbytecode::invoke_with_def!(macros::text::gen_text);
+                #[regex(
+                    "r[0-9]+",
+                    |lexer| match lexer.slice()[1..].parse() {
+                        Ok(n) => Some(n),
+                        _ => None
+                    },
+                )] Register(u8),
 
-impl Assembler {
+                #[regex(
-    hbbytecode::invoke_with_def!(macros::asm::impl_asm);
+                    r"\p{XID_Start}\p{XID_Continue}*:",
+                    |lexer| lexer.extras.get_or_intern(&lexer.slice()[..lexer.slice().len() - 1]),
+                )] Label(Spur),
 
-    /// Append 12 zeroes (UN) at the end and add magic to the begining
+                #[regex(
-    ///
+                    r"\p{XID_Start}\p{XID_Continue}*",
-    /// # HoleyBytes lore
+                    |lexer| lexer.extras.get_or_intern(lexer.slice()),
-    ///
+                )] Symbol(Spur),
-    /// In reference HBVM implementation checks are done in
-    /// a separate phase before execution.
-    ///
-    /// This way execution will be much faster as they have to
-    /// be done only once.
-    ///
-    /// There was an issue. You cannot statically check register values and
-    /// `JAL` instruction could hop at the end of program to some byte, which
-    /// will be interpreted as some valid opcode and VM in attempt to decode
-    /// the instruction performed out-of-bounds read which leads to undefined behaviour.
-    ///
-    /// Several options were considered to overcome this, but inserting some data at
-    /// program's end which when executed would lead to undesired behaviour, though
-    /// not undefined behaviour.
-    ///
-    /// Newly created `UN` (as UNreachable) was chosen as
-    /// - It was a good idea to add some equivalent to `ud2` anyways
-    /// - It was chosen to be zero
-    /// - What if you somehow reached that code, it will appropriately bail :)
-    /// - (yes, originally `NOP` was considered)
-    ///
-    /// Why 12 bytes? That's the size of largest instruction parameter part.
-    pub fn finalise(&mut self) {
-        self.buf.extend([0; 12]);
-        self.buf[0..4].copy_from_slice(&0xAB1E0B_u32.to_le_bytes());
-    }
-}
 
-/// Immediate value
+                #[token("\n")]
-///
+                #[token(";")] ISep,
-/// # Implementor notice
+                #[token(",")] PSep,
-/// It should insert exactly 8 bytes, otherwise output will be malformed.
-/// This is not checked in any way
-pub trait Imm {
-    /// Insert immediate value
-    fn insert(&self, asm: &mut Assembler);
-}
-
-/// Implement immediate values
-macro_rules! impl_imm_le_bytes {
-    ($($ty:ty),* $(,)?) => {
-        $(
-            impl Imm for $ty {
-                #[inline(always)]
-                fn insert(&self, asm: &mut Assembler) {
-                    // Convert to little-endian bytes, insert.
-                    asm.buf.extend(self.to_le_bytes());
-                }
             }
-        )*
+        }
     };
 }
 
-impl_imm_le_bytes!(u64, i64, f64);
+#[rustfmt::skip]
+tokendef![
+    "nop", "add", "sub", "mul", "and", "or", "xor", "sl", "sr", "srs", "cmp", "cmpu",
+    "dir", "neg", "not", "addi", "muli", "andi", "ori", "xori", "sli", "sri", "srsi",
+    "cmpi", "cmpui", "cp", "swa", "li", "ld", "st", "bmc", "brc", "jmp", "jeq", "jne",
+    "jlt", "jgt", "jltu", "jgtu", "ecall", "addf", "mulf", "dirf", "addfi", "mulfi",
+];
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ErrorKind {
+    UnexpectedToken,
+    InvalidToken,
+    UnexpectedEnd,
+    InvalidSymbol,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Error {
+    pub kind: ErrorKind,
+    pub span: Span,
+}
+
+impl Display for Error {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "Error {:?} at {:?}", self.kind, self.span)
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::error::Error for Error {}
+
+macro_rules! expect_matches {
+    ($self:expr, $($pat:pat),* $(,)?) => {$(
+        let $pat = $self.next()?
+            else { return Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken) };
+    )*}
+}
+
+pub fn assembly(code: &str, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    struct Assembler<'a> {
+        lexer: Lexer<'a, Token>,
+        buf: &'a mut Vec<u8>,
+        label_map: HashMap<Spur, u64>,
+        to_sub_label: HashMap<usize, Spur>,
+    }
+
+    impl<'a> Assembler<'a> {
+        fn next(&mut self) -> Result<Token, ErrorKind> {
+            match self.lexer.next() {
+                Some(Ok(t)) => Ok(t),
+                Some(Err(())) => Err(ErrorKind::InvalidToken),
+                None => Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedEnd),
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn assemble(&mut self) -> Result<(), ErrorKind> {
+            use hbbytecode::opcode::*;
+            loop {
+                match self.lexer.next() {
+                    Some(Ok(Token::OpCode(op))) => {
+                        self.buf.push(op);
+                        match op {
+                            NOP | ECALL => Ok(()),
+                            DIR | DIRF => {
+                                expect_matches!(
+                                    self,
+                                    Token::Register(r0),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                    Token::Register(r1),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                    Token::Register(r2),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                    Token::Register(r3),
+                                );
+                                self.buf.extend([r0, r1, r2, r3]);
+                                Ok(())
+                            }
+                            ADD..=CMPU | ADDF..=MULF => {
+                                expect_matches!(
+                                    self,
+                                    Token::Register(r0),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                    Token::Register(r1),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                    Token::Register(r2),
+                                );
+                                self.buf.extend([r0, r1, r2]);
+                                Ok(())
+                            }
+                            BRC => {
+                                expect_matches!(
+                                    self,
+                                    Token::Register(r0),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                    Token::Register(r1),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                    Token::Integer(count),
+                                );
+                                self.buf.extend([
+                                    r0,
+                                    r1,
+                                    u8::try_from(count).map_err(|_| ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken)?,
+                                ]);
+                                Ok(())
+                            }
+                            NEG..=NOT | CP..=SWA => {
+                                expect_matches!(
+                                    self,
+                                    Token::Register(r0),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                    Token::Register(r1),
+                                );
+                                self.buf.extend([r0, r1]);
+                                Ok(())
+                            }
+                            LI | JMP => {
+                                expect_matches!(self, Token::Register(r0), Token::PSep);
+                                self.buf.push(r0);
+                                self.insert_imm()?;
+                                Ok(())
+                            }
+                            ADDI..=CMPUI | BMC | JEQ..=JGTU | ADDFI..=MULFI => {
+                                expect_matches!(
+                                    self,
+                                    Token::Register(r0),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                    Token::Register(r1),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                );
+                                self.buf.extend([r0, r1]);
+                                self.insert_imm()?;
+                                Ok(())
+                            }
+                            LD..=ST => {
+                                expect_matches!(
+                                    self,
+                                    Token::Register(r0),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                    Token::Register(r1),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                    Token::Integer(offset),
+                                    Token::PSep,
+                                    Token::Integer(len),
+                                );
+                                self.buf.extend([r0, r1]);
+                                self.buf.extend(offset.to_le_bytes());
+                                self.buf.extend(
+                                    u16::try_from(len)
+                                        .map_err(|_| ErrorKind::InvalidToken)?
+                                        .to_le_bytes(),
+                                );
+                                Ok(())
+                            }
+                            _ => unreachable!(),
+                        }?;
+                        match self.next() {
+                            Ok(Token::ISep) => (),
+                            Ok(_) => return Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken),
+                            Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedEnd) => return Ok(()),
+                            Err(e) => return Err(e),
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Some(Ok(Token::Label(lbl))) => {
+                        self.label_map.insert(lbl, self.buf.len() as u64);
+                    }
+                    Some(Ok(Token::ISep)) => (),
+                    Some(Ok(_)) => return Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken),
+                    Some(Err(())) => return Err(ErrorKind::InvalidToken),
+                    None => return Ok(()),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn link_local_syms(&mut self) -> Result<(), ErrorKind> {
+            for (ix, sym) in &self.to_sub_label {
+                self.label_map
+                    .get(sym)
+                    .ok_or(ErrorKind::InvalidSymbol)?
+                    .to_le_bytes()
+                    .iter()
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .for_each(|(i, b)| {
+                        self.buf[ix + i] = *b;
+                    });
+            }
+
+            Ok(())
+        }
+
+        fn insert_imm(&mut self) -> Result<(), ErrorKind> {
+            let imm = match self.next()? {
+                Token::Integer(i) => i.to_le_bytes(),
+                Token::Symbol(s) => {
+                    self.to_sub_label.insert(self.buf.len(), s);
+                    [0; 8]
+                }
+                _ => return Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken),
+            };
+            self.buf.extend(imm);
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    let mut asm = Assembler {
+        lexer: Token::lexer(code),
+        label_map: Default::default(),
+        to_sub_label: Default::default(),
+        buf,
+    };
+
+    asm.assemble().map_err(|kind| Error {
+        kind,
+        span: asm.lexer.span(),
+    })?;
+
+    asm.link_local_syms()
+        .map_err(|kind| Error { kind, span: 0..0 })
+}

hbasm/src/macros/asm.rs

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-//! Macros to generate [`crate::Assembler`]
-
-/// Incremental token-tree muncher to implement specific instruction
-/// functions based on generic function for instruction type
-macro_rules! impl_asm_opcodes {
-    ( // End case
-        $generic:ident
-        ($($param_i:ident: $param_ty:ty),*)
-        => []
-    ) => {};
-
-    (
-        $generic:ident
-        ($($param_i:ident: $param_ty:ty),*)
-        => [$opcode:ident, $($rest:tt)*]
-    ) => {
-        // Instruction-specific function
-        paste::paste! {
-            #[inline(always)]
-            pub fn [<i_ $opcode:lower>](&mut self, $($param_i: $param_ty),*) {
-                self.$generic(hbbytecode::opcode::$opcode, $($param_i),*)
-            }
-        }
-
-        // And recurse!
-        macros::asm::impl_asm_opcodes!(
-            $generic($($param_i: $param_ty),*)
-            => [$($rest)*]
-        );
-    };
-}
-
-/// Numeric value insert
-macro_rules! impl_asm_insert {
-    // Immediate - this is trait-based,
-    // the insertion is delegated to its implementation
-    ($self:expr, $id:ident, I) => {
-        Imm::insert(&$id, $self)
-    };
-
-    // Length - cannot be more than 2048
-    ($self:expr, $id:ident, L) => {{
-        assert!($id <= 2048);
-        $self.buf.extend($id.to_le_bytes())
-    }};
-
-    // Other numbers, just insert their bytes, little endian
-    ($self:expr, $id:ident, $_:ident) => {
-        $self.buf.extend($id.to_le_bytes())
-    };
-}
-
-/// Implement assembler
-macro_rules! impl_asm {
-    (
-        $(
-            $ityn:ident
-            ($($param_i:ident: $param_ty:ident),* $(,)?)
-            => [$($opcode:ident),* $(,)?],
-        )*
-    ) => {
-        paste::paste! {
-            $(
-                // Opcode-generic functions specific for instruction types
-                pub fn [<i_param_ $ityn>](&mut self, opcode: u8, $($param_i: macros::asm::ident_map_ty!($param_ty)),*) {
-                    self.buf.push(opcode);
-                    $(macros::asm::impl_asm_insert!(self, $param_i, $param_ty);)*
-                }
-
-                // Generate opcode-specific functions calling the opcode-generic ones
-                macros::asm::impl_asm_opcodes!(
-                    [<i_param_ $ityn>]($($param_i: macros::asm::ident_map_ty!($param_ty)),*)
-                    => [$($opcode,)*]
-                );
-            )*
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-/// Map operand type to Rust type
-#[rustfmt::skip]
-macro_rules! ident_map_ty {
-    (R)         => { u8 };       // Register is just u8
-    (I)         => { impl Imm }; // Immediate is anything implementing the trait
-    (L)         => { u16 };      // Copy count
-    ($id:ident) => { $id };      // Anything else → identity map
-}
-
-pub(crate) use {ident_map_ty, impl_asm, impl_asm_insert, impl_asm_opcodes};

hbasm/src/macros/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-//! And here the land of macros begin.
-//!
-//! They do not bite, really. Have you seen what Yandros is writing?
-
-pub mod asm;
-pub mod text;

hbasm/src/macros/text.rs

@@ -1,293 +0,0 @@
-//! Macros to generate text-code assembler at [`crate::text`]
-// Refering in module which generates a module to that module — is that even legal? :D
-
-/// Generate text code based assembler
-macro_rules! gen_text {
-    (
-        $(
-            $ityn:ident
-            ($($param_i:ident: $param_ty:ident),* $(,)?)
-            => [$($opcode:ident),* $(,)?],
-        )*
-    ) => {
-        /// # Text assembler
-        /// Text assembler generated simply calls methods in the [`crate::Assembler`] type.
-        /// 
-        /// # Syntax
-        /// ```text
-        /// instruction op1, op2, …
-        /// …
-        /// ```
-        /// - Opcode names are lowercase
-        /// - Registers are prefixed with `r` followed by number
-        /// - Operands are separated by `,`
-        /// - Instructions are separated by either line feed or `;` (αυτό δεν είναι ερωτηματικό!)
-        /// - Labels are defined by their names followed by colon `label:`
-        /// - Labels are referenced simply by their names
-        /// - Immediates are numbers, can be negative, floats are not yet supported
-        pub mod text {
-            use {
-                crate::{
-                    Assembler,
-                    macros::text::*,
-                },
-                hashbrown::HashMap,
-                lasso::{Key, Rodeo, Spur},
-                logos::{Lexer, Logos, Span},
-            };
-
-            paste::paste!(literify::literify! {
-                /// Assembly token
-                #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Logos)]
-                #[logos(extras = Rodeo)]
-                #[logos(skip r"[ \t\t]+")]
-                #[logos(skip r"-- .*")]
-                pub enum Token {
-                    $($(#[token(~([<$opcode:lower>]), |_| hbbytecode::opcode::[<$opcode:upper>])])*)*
-                    Opcode(u8),
-
-                    #[regex("[0-9]+", |l| l.slice().parse().ok())]
-                    #[regex(
-                        "-[0-9]+",
-                        |lexer| {
-                            Some(u64::from_ne_bytes(lexer.slice().parse::<i64>().ok()?.to_ne_bytes()))
-                        },
-                    )] Integer(u64),
-
-                    #[regex(
-                        "r[0-9]+",
-                        |lexer| match lexer.slice()[1..].parse() {
-                            Ok(n) => Some(n),
-                            _ => None
-                        },
-                    )] Register(u8),
-
-                    #[regex(
-                        r"\p{XID_Start}\p{XID_Continue}*:",
-                        |lexer| lexer.extras.get_or_intern(&lexer.slice()[..lexer.slice().len() - 1]),
-                    )] Label(Spur),
-
-                    #[regex(
-                        r"\p{XID_Start}\p{XID_Continue}*",
-                        |lexer| lexer.extras.get_or_intern(lexer.slice()),
-                    )] Symbol(Spur),
-
-                    #[token("\n")]
-                    #[token(";")] ISep,
-                    #[token(",")] PSep,
-                }
-            });
-
-            /// Type of error
-            #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-            pub enum ErrorKind {
-                UnexpectedToken,
-                InvalidToken,
-                UnexpectedEnd,
-                InvalidSymbol,
-            }
-
-            /// Text assembly error
-            #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-            pub struct Error {
-                pub kind: ErrorKind,
-                pub span: Span,
-            }
-
-            /// Parse code and insert instructions
-            pub fn assemble(asm: &mut Assembler, code: &str) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                pub struct TextAsm<'a> {
-                    asm: &'a mut Assembler,
-                    lexer: Lexer<'a, Token>,
-                    symloc: HashMap<Spur, usize>,
-                }
-
-                impl<'a> TextAsm<'a> {
-                    fn next(&mut self) -> Result<Token, ErrorKind> {
-                        match self.lexer.next() {
-                            Some(Ok(t))   => Ok(t),
-                            Some(Err(())) => Err(ErrorKind::InvalidToken),
-                            None          => Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedEnd),
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    #[inline(always)]
-                    fn run(&mut self) -> Result<(), ErrorKind> {
-                        loop {
-                            match self.lexer.next() {
-                                // Got an opcode
-                                Some(Ok(Token::Opcode(op))) => {
-                                    match op {
-                                        // Special-cased
-                                        hbbytecode::opcode::BRC => {
-                                            param_extract_itm!(
-                                                self,
-                                                p0: R,
-                                                p1: R,
-                                                p2: u8
-                                            );
-
-                                            self.asm.i_param_bbb(op, p0, p1, p2);
-                                        },
-
-                                        // Take all the opcodes and match them to their corresponding functions
-                                        $(
-                                            #[allow(unreachable_patterns)]
-                                            $(hbbytecode::opcode::$opcode)|* => paste::paste!({
-                                                param_extract_itm!(self, $($param_i: $param_ty),*);
-                                                self.asm.[<i_param_ $ityn>](op, $($param_i),*);
-                                            }),
-                                        )*
-
-                                        // Already matched in Logos, should not be able to obtain
-                                        // invalid opcode.
-                                        _ => unreachable!(),
-                                    }
-                                }
-                                // Insert label to table
-                                Some(Ok(Token::Label(lbl))) => {
-                                    self.symloc.insert(lbl, self.asm.buf.len());
-                                }
-                                // Instruction separator (LF, ;)
-                                Some(Ok(Token::ISep)) => (),
-                                Some(Ok(_))           => return Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken),
-                                Some(Err(()))         => return Err(ErrorKind::InvalidToken),
-                                None                  => return Ok(()),
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-
-                let mut asm = TextAsm {
-                    asm,
-                    lexer: Token::lexer(code),
-                    symloc: HashMap::default(),
-                };
-
-                asm.run()
-                    .map_err(|kind| Error { kind, span: asm.lexer.span() })?;
-
-                // Walk table and substitute labels
-                // for their addresses
-                for &loc in &asm.asm.sub {
-                    // Extract indices from the code and get addresses from table
-                    let val = asm.symloc
-                        .get(
-                            &Spur::try_from_usize(bytemuck::pod_read_unaligned::<u64>(
-                                &asm.asm.buf[loc..loc + core::mem::size_of::<u64>()]) as _
-                            ).unwrap()
-                        )
-                        .ok_or(Error { kind: ErrorKind::InvalidSymbol, span: 0..0 })?
-                        .to_le_bytes();
-
-                    // New address
-                    asm.asm.buf[loc..]
-                        .iter_mut()
-                        .zip(val)
-                        .for_each(|(dst, src)| *dst = src);
-                }
-
-                Ok(())
-            }
-
-            // Fun fact: this is a little hack
-            // It may slow the things a little bit down, but
-            // it made the macro to be made pretty nice.
-            // 
-            // If you have any idea how to get rid of this,
-            // contributions are welcome :)
-            // I *likely* won't try anymore.
-            enum InternalImm {
-                Const(u64),
-                Named(Spur),
-            }
-
-            impl $crate::Imm for InternalImm {
-                #[inline]
-                fn insert(&self, asm: &mut Assembler) {
-                    match self {
-                        // Constant immediate, just put it in
-                        Self::Const(a) => a.insert(asm),
-                        // Label
-                        Self::Named(a) => {
-                            // Insert to the sub table that substitution will be
-                            // requested
-                            asm.sub.insert(asm.buf.len());
-                            // Insert value from interner in place
-                            asm.buf.extend((a.into_usize() as u64).to_le_bytes());
-                        },
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-/// Extract item by pattern, otherwise return [`ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken`]
-macro_rules! extract_pat {
-    ($self:expr, $pat:pat) => {
-        let $pat = $self.next()?
-            else { return Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken) };
-    };
-}
-
-/// Generate extract macro
-macro_rules! gen_extract {
-    // Integer types have same body
-    ($($int:ident),* $(,)?) => {
-        /// Extract operand from code
-        macro_rules! extract {
-            // Register (require prefixing with r)
-            ($self:expr, R, $id:ident) => {
-                extract_pat!($self, Token::Register($id));
-            };
-
-            ($self:expr, L, $id:ident) => {
-                extract_pat!($self, Token::Integer($id));
-                if $id > 2048 {
-                    return Err(ErrorKind::InvalidToken);
-                }
-
-                let $id = u16::try_from($id).unwrap();
-            };
-
-            // Immediate
-            ($self:expr, I, $id:ident) => {
-                let $id = match $self.next()? {
-                    // Either straight up integer
-                    Token::Integer(a) => InternalImm::Const(a),
-                    // …or a label
-                    Token::Symbol(a) => InternalImm::Named(a),
-                    _ => return Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken),
-                };
-            };
-
-            // Get $int, if not fitting, the token is claimed invalid
-            $(($self:expr, $int, $id:ident) => {
-                extract_pat!($self, Token::Integer($id));
-                let $id = $int::try_from($id).map_err(|_| ErrorKind::InvalidToken)?;
-            });*;
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-gen_extract!(u8, u16, u32);
-
-/// Parameter extract incremental token-tree muncher
-/// 
-/// What else would it mean?
-macro_rules! param_extract_itm {
-    ($self:expr, $($id:ident: $ty:ident)? $(, $($tt:tt)*)?) => {
-        // Extract pattern
-        $(extract!($self, $ty, $id);)?
-        $(
-            // Require operand separator
-            extract_pat!($self, Token::PSep);
-            // And go to the next (recursive)
-            // …munch munch… yummy token trees.
-            param_extract_itm!($self, $($tt)*);
-        )?
-    };
-}
-
-pub(crate) use {extract, extract_pat, gen_text, param_extract_itm};

hbasm/src/main.rs

@@ -1,56 +1,21 @@
-use std::io::Write;
+use std::{
-
+    error::Error,
-use hbasm::Assembler;
+    io::{stdin, stdout, Read, Write},
-
-use {
-    ariadne::{ColorGenerator, Label, Report, ReportKind, Source},
-    std::{
-        error::Error,
-        io::{stdin, Read},
-    },
 };
 
 fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
     let mut code = String::new();
     stdin().read_to_string(&mut code)?;
 
-    let mut assembler = Assembler::default();
+    let mut buf = vec![];
-    if let Err(e) = hbasm::text::assemble(&mut assembler, &code) {
+    if let Err(e) = hbasm::assembly(&code, &mut buf) {
-        let mut colors = ColorGenerator::new();
+        eprintln!(
-
+            "Error {:?} at {:?} (`{}`)",
-        let e_code = match e.kind {
+            e.kind,
-            hbasm::text::ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken => 1,
+            e.span.clone(),
-            hbasm::text::ErrorKind::InvalidToken => 2,
+            &code[e.span],
-            hbasm::text::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEnd => 3,
+        );
-            hbasm::text::ErrorKind::InvalidSymbol => 4,
-        };
-        let message = match e.kind {
-            hbasm::text::ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken => "This token is not expected!",
-            hbasm::text::ErrorKind::InvalidToken => "The token is not valid!",
-            hbasm::text::ErrorKind::UnexpectedEnd => {
-                "The assembler reached the end of input unexpectedly!"
-            }
-            hbasm::text::ErrorKind::InvalidSymbol => {
-                "This referenced symbol doesn't have a corresponding label!"
-            }
-        };
-        let a = colors.next();
-
-        Report::build(ReportKind::Error, "engine_internal", e.span.clone().start)
-            .with_code(e_code)
-            .with_message(format!("{:?}", e.kind))
-            .with_label(
-                Label::new(("engine_internal", e.span))
-                    .with_message(message)
-                    .with_color(a),
-            )
-            .finish()
-            .eprint(("engine_internal", Source::from(&code)))
-            .unwrap();
-    } else {
-        assembler.finalise();
-        std::io::stdout().lock().write_all(&assembler.buf).unwrap();
     }
-
+    stdout().write_all(&buf)?;
     Ok(())
 }

hbbytecode/hbbytecode.h

@@ -1,68 +1,60 @@
 /* HoleyBytes Bytecode representation in C
  * Requires C23 compiler or better
- *
- * Uses MSVC pack pragma extension,
- * proved to work with Clang and GNU® GCC™.
  */
 
 #pragma once
 #include <assert.h>
-#include <limits.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
-static_assert(CHAR_BIT == 8, "Cursed architectures are not supported");
+typedef enum hbbc_Opcode: uint8_t {
-
+    hbbc_Op_NOP, hbbc_Op_ADD, hbbc_Op_MUL, hbbc_Op_AND, hbbc_Op_OR, hbbc_Op_XOR, hbbc_Op_SL,
-enum hbbc_Opcode: uint8_t {
+    hbbc_Op_SR, hbbc_Op_SRS, hbbc_Op_CMP, hbbc_Op_CMPU, hbbc_Op_DIR, hbbc_Op_NEG, hbbc_Op_NOT,
-    hbbc_Op_UN    , hbbc_Op_TX   , hbbc_Op_NOP   , hbbc_Op_ADD   , hbbc_Op_SUB   , hbbc_Op_MUL   ,
+    hbbc_Op_ADDI, hbbc_Op_MULI, hbbc_Op_ANDI, hbbc_Op_ORI, hbbc_Op_XORI, hbbc_Op_SLI, hbbc_Op_SRI,
-    hbbc_Op_AND   , hbbc_Op_OR   , hbbc_Op_XOR   , hbbc_Op_SL    , hbbc_Op_SR    , hbbc_Op_SRS   ,
+    hbbc_Op_SRSI, hbbc_Op_CMPI, hbbc_Op_CMPUI, hbbc_Op_CP, hbbc_Op_SWA, hbbc_Op_LI, hbbc_Op_LD,
-    hbbc_Op_CMP   , hbbc_Op_CMPU , hbbc_Op_DIR   , hbbc_Op_NEG   , hbbc_Op_NOT   , hbbc_Op_ADDI  , 
+    hbbc_Op_ST, hbbc_Op_BMC, hbbc_Op_BRC, hbbc_Op_JMP, hbbc_Op_JEQ, hbbc_Op_JNE, hbbc_Op_JLT,
-    hbbc_Op_MULI  , hbbc_Op_ANDI , hbbc_Op_ORI   , hbbc_Op_XORI  , hbbc_Op_SLI   , hbbc_Op_SRI   ,
+    hbbc_Op_JGT, hbbc_Op_JLTU, hbbc_Op_JGTU, hbbc_Op_ECALL, hbbc_Op_ADDF, hbbc_Op_MULF,
-    hbbc_Op_SRSI  , hbbc_Op_CMPI , hbbc_Op_CMPUI , hbbc_Op_CP    , hbbc_Op_SWA   , hbbc_Op_LI    ,
+    hbbc_Op_DIRF, hbbc_Op_ADDFI, hbbc_Op_MULFI,
-    hbbc_Op_LD    , hbbc_Op_ST   , hbbc_Op_BMC   , hbbc_Op_BRC   , hbbc_Op_JMP   , hbbc_Op_JAL   ,
+} hbbc_Opcode;
-    hbbc_Op_JEQ   , hbbc_Op_JNE  , hbbc_Op_JLT   , hbbc_Op_JGT   , hbbc_Op_JLTU  , hbbc_Op_JGTU  ,
-    hbbc_Op_ECALL , hbbc_Op_ADDF , hbbc_Op_SUBF  , hbbc_Op_MULF  , hbbc_Op_DIRF  , hbbc_Op_FMAF ,
-    hbbc_Op_NEGF  , hbbc_Op_ITF  , hbbc_Op_FTI   , hbbc_Op_ADDFI , hbbc_Op_MULFI ,
-} typedef hbbc_Opcode;
 
 static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_Opcode) == 1);
 
 #pragma pack(push, 1)
-struct hbbc_ParamBBBB
+typedef struct hbbc_ParamBBBB
     { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint8_t _2; uint8_t _3; }
-    typedef hbbc_ParamBBBB;
+    hbbc_ParamBBBB;
-    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBBB) == 32 / 8);
+    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBBB) == 4);
 
-struct hbbc_ParamBBB
+typedef struct hbbc_ParamBBB
     { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint8_t _2; }
-    typedef hbbc_ParamBBB;
+    hbbc_ParamBBB;
-    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBB) == 24 / 8);
+    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBB) == 3);
 
-struct hbbc_ParamBBDH
+typedef struct hbbc_ParamBBDH
     { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint64_t _2; uint16_t _3; }
-    typedef hbbc_ParamBBDH;
+    hbbc_ParamBBDH;
-    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBDH) == 96 / 8);
+    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBDH) == 12);
 
-struct hbbc_ParamBBD
+typedef struct hbbc_ParamBBDB
+    { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint64_t _2; uint8_t _3; }
+    hbbc_ParamBBDB;
+    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBDB) == 11);
+
+typedef struct hbbc_ParamBBD
     { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint64_t _2; }
-    typedef hbbc_ParamBBD;
+    hbbc_ParamBBD;
-    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBD) == 80 / 8);
+    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBD) == 10);
 
-struct hbbc_ParamBBW
+typedef struct hbbc_ParamBB
-    { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint32_t _2; }
-    typedef hbbc_ParamBBW;
-    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBW) == 48 / 8);
-
-struct hbbc_ParamBB
     { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; }
-    typedef hbbc_ParamBB;
+    hbbc_ParamBB;
-    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBB) == 16 / 8);
+    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBB) == 2);
 
-struct hbbc_ParamBD
+typedef struct hbbc_ParamBD
     { uint8_t _0; uint64_t _1; }
-    typedef hbbc_ParamBD;
+    hbbc_ParamBD;
-    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBD) == 72 / 8);
+    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBD) == 9);
 
 typedef uint64_t hbbc_ParamD;
-    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamD) == 64 / 8);
+    static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamD) == 8);
 
 #pragma pack(pop)

hbbytecode/src/gen_valider.rs

@@ -1,170 +0,0 @@
-//! Generate HoleyBytes code validator
-
-macro_rules! gen_valider {
-    (
-        $(
-            $ityn:ident
-            ($($param_i:ident: $param_ty:ident),* $(,)?)
-            => [$($opcode:ident),* $(,)?],
-        )*
-    ) => {
-        #[allow(unreachable_code)]
-        pub mod valider {
-            //! Validate if program is sound to execute
-
-            /// Program validation error kind
-            #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-            pub enum ErrorKind {
-                /// Unknown opcode
-                InvalidInstruction,
-                /// VM doesn't implement this valid opcode
-                Unimplemented,
-                /// Attempted to copy over register boundary
-                RegisterArrayOverflow,
-                /// Program is not validly terminated
-                InvalidEnd,
-                /// Program misses magic
-                MissingMagic
-            }
-
-            /// Error
-            #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-            pub struct Error {
-                /// Kind
-                pub kind:  ErrorKind,
-                /// Location in bytecode
-                pub index: usize,
-            }
-
-            /// Perform bytecode validation. If it passes, the program should be
-            /// sound to execute.
-            pub fn validate(mut program: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
-                // Validate magic
-                if program.get(0..4) != Some(&0xAB1E0B_u32.to_le_bytes()) {
-                    return Err(Error {
-                        kind: ErrorKind::MissingMagic,
-                        index: 0,
-                    });
-                }
-
-                // Program has to end with 12 zeroes, if there is less than
-                // 12 bytes, program is invalid.
-                if program.len() < 12 {
-                    return Err(Error {
-                        kind:  ErrorKind::InvalidEnd,
-                        index: 0,
-                    });
-                }
-
-                // Verify that program ends with 12 zeroes
-                for (index, item) in program.iter().enumerate().skip(program.len() - 12) {
-                    if *item != 0 {
-                        return Err(Error {
-                            kind: ErrorKind::InvalidEnd,
-                            index,
-                        });
-                    }
-                }
-
-                let start = program;
-                program = &program[4..];
-                loop {
-                    use crate::opcode::*;
-                    program = match program {
-                        // End of program
-                        [] => return Ok(()),
-
-                        // Memory load/store cannot go out-of-bounds register array
-                        //         B   B  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8    H1      H2
-                        [LD..=ST, reg, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, count_0, count_1, ..]
-                            if usize::from(*reg) * 8
-                                + usize::from(u16::from_le_bytes([*count_0, *count_1]))
-                                > 2048 =>
-                        {
-                            return Err(Error {
-                                kind:  ErrorKind::RegisterArrayOverflow,
-                                index: (program.as_ptr() as usize) - (start.as_ptr() as usize),
-                            });
-                        }
-
-                        // Block register copy cannot go out-of-bounds register array
-                        [BRC, src, dst, count, ..]
-                            if src.checked_add(*count).is_none()
-                                || dst.checked_add(*count).is_none() =>
-                        {
-                            return Err(Error {
-                                kind:  ErrorKind::RegisterArrayOverflow,
-                                index: (program.as_ptr() as usize) - (start.as_ptr() as usize),
-                            });
-                        }
-
-                        $(
-                            $crate::gen_valider::inst_chk!(
-                                rest, $ityn, $($opcode),*
-                            )
-                        )|* => rest,
-
-                        // The plebs
-                        _ => {
-                            return Err(Error {
-                                kind:  ErrorKind::InvalidInstruction,
-                                index: (program.as_ptr() as usize) - (start.as_ptr() as usize),
-                            })
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-/// Generate instruction check pattern
-macro_rules! inst_chk {
-    // Sadly this has hardcoded instruction types,
-    // as I cannot generate parts of patterns+
-
-    ($rest:ident, bbbb, $($opcode:ident),*) => {
-        //             B  B  B  B
-        [$($opcode)|*, _, _, _, _, $rest @ ..]
-    };
-
-    ($rest:ident, bbb, $($opcode:ident),*) => {
-        //             B  B  B
-        [$($opcode)|*, _, _, _, $rest @ ..]
-    };
-
-    ($rest:ident, bbdh, $($opcode:ident),*) => {
-        //             B  B  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 H1 H2
-        [$($opcode)|*, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, $rest @ ..]
-    };
-
-    ($rest:ident, bbd, $($opcode:ident),*) => {
-        //             B  B  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
-        [$($opcode)|*, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, $rest @ ..]
-    };
-
-    ($rest:ident, bbw, $($opcode:ident),*) => {
-        //             B  B  W1 W2 W3 W4
-        [$($opcode)|*, _, _, _, _, _, _, $rest @ ..]
-    };
-
-    ($rest:ident, bb, $($opcode:ident),*) => {
-        //             B  B
-        [$($opcode)|*, _, _, $rest @ ..]
-    };
-
-    ($rest:ident, bd, $($opcode:ident),*) => {
-        //             B  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
-        [$($opcode)|*, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, $rest @ ..]
-    };
-
-    ($rest:ident, n, $($opcode:ident),*) => {
-        [$($opcode)|*, $rest @ ..]
-    };
-
-    ($_0:ident, $($_1:ident),*) => {
-        compile_error!("Invalid instruction type");
-    }
-}
-
-pub(crate) use {gen_valider, inst_chk};

hbbytecode/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 #![no_std]
 
-mod gen_valider;
-
 macro_rules! constmod {
     ($vis:vis $mname:ident($repr:ty) {
         $(#![doc = $mdoc:literal])?
@@ -17,147 +15,92 @@ macro_rules! constmod {
     };
 }
 
-#[allow(rustdoc::invalid_rust_codeblocks)]
-/// Invoke macro with bytecode definition
-/// # Input syntax
-/// ```no_run
-/// macro!(
-///     INSTRUCTION_TYPE(p0: TYPE, p1: TYPE, …)
-///         => [INSTRUCTION_A, INSTRUCTION_B, …],
-///     …
-/// );
-/// ```
-/// - Instruction type determines opcode-generic, instruction-type-specific
-///   function. Name: `i_param_INSTRUCTION_TYPE`
-/// - Per-instructions there will be generated opcode-specific functions calling the generic ones
-/// - Operand types
-///     - R: Register (u8)
-///     - I: Immediate
-///     - L: Memory load / store size (u16)
-///     - Other types are identity-mapped
-///
-/// # BRC special-case
-/// BRC's 3rd operand is plain byte, not a register. Encoding is the same, but for some cases it may matter.
-///
-/// Please, if you distinguish in your API between byte and register, special case this one.
-///
-/// Sorry for that :(
-#[macro_export]
-macro_rules! invoke_with_def {
-    ($macro:path) => {
-        $macro!(
-            bbbb(p0: R, p1: R, p2: R, p3: R)
-                => [DIR, DIRF, FMAF],
-            bbb(p0: R, p1: R, p2: R)
-                => [ADD, SUB, MUL, AND, OR, XOR, SL, SR, SRS, CMP, CMPU, BRC, ADDF, SUBF, MULF],
-            bbdh(p0: R, p1: R, p2: I, p3: L)
-                => [LD, ST],
-            bbd(p0: R, p1: R, p2: I)
-                => [ADDI, MULI, ANDI, ORI, XORI, CMPI, CMPUI, BMC, JAL, JEQ, JNE, JLT, JGT, JLTU,
-                    JGTU, ADDFI, MULFI],
-            bbw(p0: R, p1: R, p2: u32)
-                => [SLI, SRI, SRSI],
-            bb(p0: R, p1: R)
-                => [NEG, NOT, CP, SWA, NEGF, ITF, FTI],
-            bd(p0: R, p1: I)
-                => [LI],
-            n()
-                => [UN, TX, NOP, ECALL],
-        );
-    };
-}
-
-invoke_with_def!(gen_valider::gen_valider);
-
 constmod!(pub opcode(u8) {
     //! Opcode constant module
 
-    UN  = 0, "N; Raises a trap";
+    NOP = 0, "N; Do nothing";
-    TX  = 1, "N; Terminate execution";
-    NOP = 2, "N; Do nothing";
 
-    ADD  = 3,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 + #2";
+    ADD  = 1,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 + #2";
-    SUB  = 4,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 - #2";
+    SUB  = 2,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 - #2";
-    MUL  = 5,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 × #2";
+    MUL  = 3,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 × #2";
-    AND  = 6,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 & #2";
+    AND  = 4,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 & #2";
-    OR   = 7,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 | #2";
+    OR   = 5,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 | #2";
-    XOR  = 8,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 ^ #2";
+    XOR  = 6,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 ^ #2";
-    SL   = 9,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 « #2";
+    SL   = 7,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 « #2";
-    SR   = 10,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 » #2";
+    SR   = 8,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 » #2";
-    SRS  = 11,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 » #2 (signed)";
+    SRS  = 9,  "BBB; #0 ← #1 » #2 (signed)";
-    CMP  = 12, "BBB; #0 ← #1 <=> #2";
+    CMP  = 10, "BBB; #0 ← #1 <=> #2";
-    CMPU = 13, "BBB; #0 ← #1 <=> #2 (unsigned)";
+    CMPU = 11, "BBB; #0 ← #1 <=> #2 (unsigned)";
-    DIR  = 14, "BBBB; #0 ← #2 / #3, #1 ← #2 % #3";
+    DIR  = 12, "BBBB; #0 ← #2 / #3, #1 ← #2 % #3";
-    NEG  = 15, "BB; #0 ← -#1";
+    NEG  = 13, "BB; #0 ← ~#1";
-    NOT  = 16, "BB; #0 ← !#1";
+    NOT  = 14, "BB; #0 ← !#1";
 
-    ADDI  = 17, "BBD; #0 ← #1 + imm #2";
+    ADDI  = 15, "BBD; #0 ← #1 + imm #2";
-    MULI  = 18, "BBD; #0 ← #1 × imm #2";
+    MULI  = 16, "BBD; #0 ← #1 × imm #2";
-    ANDI  = 19, "BBD; #0 ← #1 & imm #2";
+    ANDI  = 17, "BBD; #0 ← #1 & imm #2";
-    ORI   = 20, "BBD; #0 ← #1 | imm #2";
+    ORI   = 18, "BBD; #0 ← #1 | imm #2";
-    XORI  = 21, "BBD; #0 ← #1 ^ imm #2";
+    XORI  = 19, "BBD; #0 ← #1 ^ imm #2";
-    SLI   = 22, "BBW; #0 ← #1 « imm #2";
+    SLI   = 20, "BBD; #0 ← #1 « imm #2";
-    SRI   = 23, "BBW; #0 ← #1 » imm #2";
+    SRI   = 21, "BBD; #0 ← #1 » imm #2";
-    SRSI  = 24, "BBW; #0 ← #1 » imm #2 (signed)";
+    SRSI  = 22, "BBD; #0 ← #1 » imm #2 (signed)";
-    CMPI  = 25, "BBD; #0 ← #1 <=> imm #2";
+    CMPI  = 23, "BBD; #0 ← #1 <=> imm #2";
-    CMPUI = 26, "BBD; #0 ← #1 <=> imm #2 (unsigned)";
+    CMPUI = 24, "BBD; #0 ← #1 <=> imm #2 (unsigned)";
 
-    CP  = 27, "BB; Copy #0 ← #1";
+    CP  = 25, "BB; Copy #0 ← #1";
-    SWA = 28, "BB; Swap #0 and #1";
+    SWA = 26, "BB; Swap #0 and #1";
-    LI  = 29, "BD; #0 ← imm #1";
+    LI  = 27, "BD; #0 ← imm #1";
-    LD  = 30, "BBDB; #0 ← [#1 + imm #3], imm #4 bytes, overflowing";
+    LD  = 28, "BBDB; #0 ← [#1 + imm #3], imm #4 bytes, overflowing";
-    ST  = 31, "BBDB; [#1 + imm #3] ← #0, imm #4 bytes, overflowing";
+    ST  = 29, "BBDB; [#1 + imm #3] ← #0, imm #4 bytes, overflowing";
-    BMC = 32, "BBD; [#0] ← [#1], imm #2 bytes";
+    BMC = 30, "BBD; [#0] ← [#1], imm #2 bytes";
-    BRC = 33, "BBB; #0 ← #1, imm #2 registers";
+    BRC = 31, "BBB; #0 ← #1, imm #2 registers";
 
-    JMP   = 34, "D; Unconditional, non-linking absolute jump";
+    JMP   = 32, "BD;  Unconditional jump [#0 + imm #1]";
-    JAL   = 35, "BD;  Copy PC to #0 and unconditional jump [#1 + imm #2]";
+    JEQ   = 33, "BBD; if #0 = #1 → jump imm #2";
-    JEQ   = 36, "BBD; if #0 = #1 → jump imm #2";
+    JNE   = 34, "BBD; if #0 ≠ #1 → jump imm #2";
-    JNE   = 37, "BBD; if #0 ≠ #1 → jump imm #2";
+    JLT   = 35, "BBD; if #0 < #1 → jump imm #2";
-    JLT   = 38, "BBD; if #0 < #1 → jump imm #2";
+    JGT   = 36, "BBD; if #0 > #1 → jump imm #2";
-    JGT   = 39, "BBD; if #0 > #1 → jump imm #2";
+    JLTU  = 37, "BBD; if #0 < #1 → jump imm #2 (unsigned)";
-    JLTU  = 40, "BBD; if #0 < #1 → jump imm #2 (unsigned)";
+    JGTU  = 38, "BBD; if #0 > #1 → jump imm #2 (unsigned)";
-    JGTU  = 41, "BBD; if #0 > #1 → jump imm #2 (unsigned)";
+    ECALL = 39, "N; Issue system call";
-    ECALL = 42, "N; Issue system call";
 
-    ADDF = 43, "BBB; #0 ← #1 +. #2";
+    ADDF  = 40, "BBB; #0 ← #1 +. #2";
-    SUBF = 44, "BBB; #0 ← #1 -. #2";
+    MULF  = 41, "BBB; #0 ← #1 +. #2";
-    MULF = 45, "BBB; #0 ← #1 +. #2";
+    DIRF  = 42, "BBBB; #0 ← #2 / #3, #1 ← #2 % #3";
-    DIRF = 46, "BBBB; #0 ← #2 / #3, #1 ← #2 % #3";
-    FMAF = 47, "BBBB; #0 ← (#1 * #2) + #3";
-    NEGF = 48, "BB; #0 ← -#1";
-    ITF  = 49, "BB; #0 ← #1 as float";
-    FTI  = 50, "BB; #0 ← #1 as int";
 
-    ADDFI = 51, "BBD; #0 ← #1 +. imm #2";
+    ADDFI = 43, "BBD; #0 ← #1 +. imm #2";
-    MULFI = 52, "BBD; #0 ← #1 *. imm #2";
+    MULFI = 44, "BBD; #0 ← #1 *. imm #2";
 });
 
 #[repr(packed)]
 pub struct ParamBBBB(pub u8, pub u8, pub u8, pub u8);
+
 #[repr(packed)]
 pub struct ParamBBB(pub u8, pub u8, pub u8);
+
 #[repr(packed)]
 pub struct ParamBBDH(pub u8, pub u8, pub u64, pub u16);
+
+#[repr(packed)]
+pub struct ParamBBDB(pub u8, pub u8, pub u64, pub u8);
+
 #[repr(packed)]
 pub struct ParamBBD(pub u8, pub u8, pub u64);
-#[repr(packed)]
+
-pub struct ParamBBW(pub u8, pub u8, pub u32);
 #[repr(packed)]
 pub struct ParamBB(pub u8, pub u8);
+
 #[repr(packed)]
 pub struct ParamBD(pub u8, pub u64);
 
 /// # Safety
 /// Has to be valid to be decoded from bytecode.
-pub unsafe trait ProgramVal {}
+pub unsafe trait OpParam {}
-unsafe impl ProgramVal for ParamBBBB {}
+unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBBBB {}
-unsafe impl ProgramVal for ParamBBB {}
+unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBBB {}
-unsafe impl ProgramVal for ParamBBDH {}
+unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBBDB {}
-unsafe impl ProgramVal for ParamBBD {}
+unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBBDH {}
-unsafe impl ProgramVal for ParamBBW {}
+unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBBD {}
-unsafe impl ProgramVal for ParamBB {}
+unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBB {}
-unsafe impl ProgramVal for ParamBD {}
+unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBD {}
-unsafe impl ProgramVal for u64 {}
+unsafe impl OpParam for u64 {}
-unsafe impl ProgramVal for u8 {} // Opcode
+unsafe impl OpParam for () {}
-unsafe impl ProgramVal for () {}

hbvm/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ edition = "2021"
 [profile.release]
 lto = true
 
-[features]
-default = ["alloc"]
-alloc   = []
-nightly = []
-
 [dependencies]
-hbbytecode.path = "../hbbytecode"
+delegate          = "0.9"
+hashbrown         = "0.13"
+hbbytecode.path   = "../hbbytecode"
+log               = "0.4"
+paste             = "1.0"
+static_assertions = "1.0"

hbvm/fuzz/.gitignore

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-target
-artifacts
-corpus
-coverage
-Cargo.lock

hbvm/fuzz/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "hbvm-fuzz"
-version = "0.0.0"
-publish = false
-edition = "2021"
-
-[package.metadata]
-cargo-fuzz = true
-
-[dependencies]
-libfuzzer-sys = "0.4"
-
-[dependencies.hbvm]
-path = ".."
-
-[dependencies.hbbytecode]
-path = "../../hbbytecode"
-
-# Prevent this from interfering with workspaces
-[workspace]
-members = ["."]
-
-[profile.release]
-debug = 1
-
-[[bin]]
-name = "vm"
-path = "fuzz_targets/vm.rs"
-test = false
-doc = false

hbvm/fuzz/fuzz_targets/vm.rs

@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-#![no_main]
-
-use {
-    hbbytecode::valider::validate,
-    hbvm::{
-        mem::{
-            softpaging::{
-                paging::{PageTable, Permission},
-                HandlePageFault, PageSize, SoftPagedMem,
-            },
-            Address, MemoryAccessReason,
-        },
-        Vm,
-    },
-    libfuzzer_sys::fuzz_target,
-};
-
-fuzz_target!(|data: &[u8]| {
-    if validate(data).is_ok() {
-        let mut vm = unsafe {
-            Vm::<_, 16384>::new(
-                SoftPagedMem::<_, true> {
-                    pf_handler: TestTrapHandler,
-                    program:    data,
-                    root_pt:    Box::into_raw(Default::default()),
-                    icache:     Default::default(),
-                },
-                Address::new(4),
-            )
-        };
-
-        // Alloc and map some memory
-        let pages = [
-            alloc_and_map(&mut vm.memory, 0),
-            alloc_and_map(&mut vm.memory, 4096),
-        ];
-
-        // Run VM
-        let _ = vm.run();
-
-        // Unmap and dealloc the memory
-        for (i, page) in pages.into_iter().enumerate() {
-            unmap_and_dealloc(&mut vm.memory, page, i as u64 * 4096);
-        }
-
-        let _ = unsafe { Box::from_raw(vm.memory.root_pt) };
-    }
-});
-
-fn alloc_and_map(memory: &mut SoftPagedMem<TestTrapHandler>, at: u64) -> *mut u8 {
-    let ptr = Box::into_raw(Box::<Page>::default()).cast();
-    unsafe {
-        memory
-            .map(ptr, Address::new(at), Permission::Write, PageSize::Size4K)
-            .unwrap()
-    };
-    ptr
-}
-
-fn unmap_and_dealloc(memory: &mut SoftPagedMem<TestTrapHandler>, ptr: *mut u8, from: u64) {
-    memory.unmap(Address::new(from)).unwrap();
-    let _ = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr.cast::<Page>()) };
-}
-
-#[repr(align(4096))]
-struct Page([u8; 4096]);
-impl Default for Page {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        unsafe { std::mem::MaybeUninit::zeroed().assume_init() }
-    }
-}
-
-struct TestTrapHandler;
-impl HandlePageFault for TestTrapHandler {
-    fn page_fault(
-        &mut self,
-        _: MemoryAccessReason,
-        _: &mut PageTable,
-        _: Address,
-        _: PageSize,
-        _: *mut u8,
-    ) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-}

hbvm/src/bmc.rs

@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-//! Block memory copier state machine
-
-use {
-    super::{mem::MemoryAccessReason, Memory, VmRunError},
-    crate::mem::Address,
-    core::{mem::MaybeUninit, task::Poll},
-};
-
-/// Buffer size (defaults to 4 KiB, a smallest page size on most platforms)
-const BUF_SIZE: usize = 4096;
-
-/// Buffer of possibly uninitialised bytes, aligned to [`BUF_SIZE`]
-#[repr(align(4096))]
-struct AlignedBuf([MaybeUninit<u8>; BUF_SIZE]);
-
-/// State for block memory copy
-pub struct BlockCopier {
-    /// Source address
-    src:       Address,
-    /// Destination address
-    dst:       Address,
-    /// How many buffer sizes to copy?
-    n_buffers: usize,
-    /// …and what remainds after?
-    rem:       usize,
-}
-
-impl BlockCopier {
-    /// Construct a new one
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn new(src: Address, dst: Address, count: usize) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            src,
-            dst,
-            n_buffers: count / BUF_SIZE,
-            rem: count % BUF_SIZE,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Copy one block
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    /// - Same as for [`Memory::load`] and [`Memory::store`]
-    pub unsafe fn poll(&mut self, memory: &mut impl Memory) -> Poll<Result<(), BlkCopyError>> {
-        // Safety: Assuming uninit of array of MaybeUninit is sound
-        let mut buf = AlignedBuf(MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init());
-
-        // We have at least one buffer size to copy
-        if self.n_buffers != 0 {
-            if let Err(e) = act(
-                memory,
-                self.src,
-                self.dst,
-                buf.0.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
-                BUF_SIZE,
-            ) {
-                return Poll::Ready(Err(e));
-            }
-
-            // Bump source and destination address
-            self.src += BUF_SIZE;
-            self.dst += BUF_SIZE;
-
-            self.n_buffers -= 1;
-
-            return if self.n_buffers + self.rem == 0 {
-                // If there is nothing left, we are done
-                Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
-            } else {
-                // Otherwise let's advice to run it again
-                Poll::Pending
-            };
-        }
-
-        if self.rem != 0 {
-            if let Err(e) = act(
-                memory,
-                self.src,
-                self.dst,
-                buf.0.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
-                self.rem,
-            ) {
-                return Poll::Ready(Err(e));
-            }
-        }
-
-        Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
-    }
-}
-
-/// Load to buffer and store from buffer
-#[inline]
-unsafe fn act(
-    memory: &mut impl Memory,
-    src: Address,
-    dst: Address,
-    buf: *mut u8,
-    count: usize,
-) -> Result<(), BlkCopyError> {
-    // Load to buffer
-    memory
-        .load(src, buf, count)
-        .map_err(|super::mem::LoadError(addr)| BlkCopyError {
-            access_reason: MemoryAccessReason::Load,
-            addr,
-        })?;
-
-    // Store from buffer
-    memory
-        .store(dst, buf, count)
-        .map_err(|super::mem::StoreError(addr)| BlkCopyError {
-            access_reason: MemoryAccessReason::Store,
-            addr,
-        })?;
-
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-/// Error occured when copying a block of memory
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct BlkCopyError {
-    /// Kind of access
-    access_reason: MemoryAccessReason,
-    /// VM Address
-    addr: Address,
-}
-
-impl From<BlkCopyError> for VmRunError {
-    fn from(value: BlkCopyError) -> Self {
-        match value.access_reason {
-            MemoryAccessReason::Load => Self::LoadAccessEx(value.addr),
-            MemoryAccessReason::Store => Self::StoreAccessEx(value.addr),
-        }
-    }
-}

hbvm/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,108 +1,22 @@
-//! HoleyBytes Virtual Machine
-//!
-//! # Alloc feature
-//! - Enabled by default
-//! - Provides mapping / unmapping, as well as [`Default`] and [`Drop`]
-//!   implementations for soft-paged memory implementation
-
-// # General safety notice:
-// - Validation has to assure there is 256 registers (r0 - r255)
-// - Instructions have to be valid as specified (values and sizes)
-// - Mapped pages should be at least 4 KiB
-
 #![no_std]
-#![cfg_attr(feature = "nightly", feature(fn_align))]
-#![warn(missing_docs)]
-
-use mem::{Memory, Address};
-
-#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
 extern crate alloc;
 
-pub mod mem;
+pub mod validate;
-pub mod value;
+pub mod vm;
 
-mod bmc;
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
-mod vmrun;
+pub enum RuntimeErrors {
-mod utils;
+    InvalidOpcodePair(u8, u8),
-
+    RegisterTooSmall,
-use {bmc::BlockCopier, value::Value};
+    HostError(u64),
-
+    PageNotMapped(u64),
-/// HoleyBytes Virtual Machine
+    InvalidJumpAddress(u64),
-pub struct Vm<Mem, const TIMER_QUOTIENT: usize> {
+    InvalidSystemCall(u8),
-    /// Holds 256 registers
-    ///
-    /// Writing to register 0 is considered undefined behaviour
-    /// in terms of HoleyBytes program execution
-    pub registers: [Value; 256],
-
-    /// Memory implementation
-    pub memory: Mem,
-
-    /// Program counter
-    pub pc: Address,
-
-    /// Program timer
-    timer: usize,
-
-    /// Saved block copier
-    copier: Option<BlockCopier>,
 }
 
-impl<Mem, const TIMER_QUOTIENT: usize> Vm<Mem, TIMER_QUOTIENT>
+// If you solve the halting problem feel free to remove this
-where
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-    Mem: Memory,
+pub enum HaltStatus {
-{
+    Halted,
-    /// Create a new VM with program and trap handler
+    Running,
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    /// Program code has to be validated
-    pub unsafe fn new(memory: Mem, entry: Address) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            registers: [Value::from(0_u64); 256],
-            memory,
-            pc: entry,
-            timer: 0,
-            copier: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Virtual machine halt error
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[repr(u8)]
-pub enum VmRunError {
-    /// Tried to execute invalid instruction
-    InvalidOpcode(u8),
-
-    /// Unhandled load access exception
-    LoadAccessEx(Address),
-
-    /// Unhandled instruction load access exception
-    ProgramFetchLoadEx(Address),
-
-    /// Unhandled store access exception
-    StoreAccessEx(Address),
-
-    /// Register out-of-bounds access
-    RegOutOfBounds,
-
-    /// Address out-of-bounds
-    AddrOutOfBounds,
-
-    /// Reached unreachable code
-    Unreachable,
-}
-
-/// Virtual machine halt ok
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum VmRunOk {
-    /// Program has eached its end
-    End,
-
-    /// Program was interrupted by a timer
-    Timer,
-
-    /// Environment call
-    Ecall,
 }

hbvm/src/main.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,5 @@
-use hbvm::mem::Address;
-
 use {
-    hbbytecode::valider::validate,
+    hbvm::{validate::validate, vm::Vm},
-    hbvm::{
-        mem::{
-            softpaging::{paging::PageTable, HandlePageFault, PageSize, SoftPagedMem},
-            MemoryAccessReason,
-        },
-        Vm,
-    },
     std::io::{stdin, Read},
 };
 
@@ -21,43 +12,10 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
         return Ok(());
     } else {
         unsafe {
-            let mut vm = Vm::<_, 0>::new(
+            let mut vm = Vm::new_unchecked(&prog);
-                SoftPagedMem::<_, true> {
+            vm.memory.insert_test_page();
-                    pf_handler: TestTrapHandler,
-                    program:    &prog,
-                    root_pt:    Box::into_raw(Default::default()),
-                    icache:     Default::default(),
-                },
-                Address::new(4),
-            );
-            let data = {
-                let ptr = std::alloc::alloc_zeroed(std::alloc::Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(
-                    4096, 4096,
-                ));
-                if ptr.is_null() {
-                    panic!("Alloc error tbhl");
-                }
-                ptr
-            };
-
-            vm.memory
-                .map(
-                    data,
-                    Address::new(8192),
-                    hbvm::mem::softpaging::paging::Permission::Write,
-                    PageSize::Size4K,
-                )
-                .unwrap();
-
             println!("Program interrupt: {:?}", vm.run());
             println!("{:?}", vm.registers);
-
-            std::alloc::dealloc(
-                data,
-                std::alloc::Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(4096, 4096),
-            );
-            vm.memory.unmap(Address::new(8192)).unwrap();
-            let _ = Box::from_raw(vm.memory.root_pt);
         }
     }
     Ok(())
@@ -66,18 +24,3 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
 pub fn time() -> u32 {
     9
 }
-
-#[derive(Default)]
-struct TestTrapHandler;
-impl HandlePageFault for TestTrapHandler {
-    fn page_fault(
-        &mut self,
-        _: MemoryAccessReason,
-        _: &mut PageTable,
-        _: Address,
-        _: PageSize,
-        _: *mut u8,
-    ) -> bool {
-        false
-    }
-}

hbvm/src/mem/addr.rs

@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-//! Virtual(?) memory address
-
-use core::{fmt::Debug, ops};
-
-use crate::utils::impl_display;
-
-/// Memory address
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-pub struct Address(u64);
-impl Address {
-    /// A null address
-    pub const NULL: Self = Self(0);
-
-    /// Saturating integer addition. Computes self + rhs, saturating at the numeric bounds instead of overflowing.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn saturating_add<T: AddressOp>(self, rhs: T) -> Self {
-        Self(self.0.saturating_add(rhs.cast_u64()))
-    }
-
-    /// Saturating integer subtraction. Computes self - rhs, saturating at the numeric bounds instead of overflowing.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn saturating_sub<T: AddressOp>(self, rhs: T) -> Self {
-        Self(self.0.saturating_sub(rhs.cast_u64()))
-    }
-
-    /// Cast or if smaller, truncate to [`usize`]
-    pub fn truncate_usize(self) -> usize {
-        self.0 as _
-    }
-
-    /// Get inner value
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn get(self) -> u64 {
-        self.0
-    }
-
-    /// Construct new address
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn new(val: u64) -> Self {
-        Self(val)
-    }
-
-    /// Do something with inner value
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn map(self, f: impl Fn(u64) -> u64) -> Self {
-        Self(f(self.0))
-    }
-}
-
-impl_display!(for Address =>
-    |Address(a)| "{a:0x}"
-);
-
-impl<T: AddressOp> ops::Add<T> for Address {
-    type Output = Self;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn add(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output {
-        Self(self.0.wrapping_add(rhs.cast_u64()))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: AddressOp> ops::Sub<T> for Address {
-    type Output = Self;
-
-    #[inline]
-    fn sub(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output {
-        Self(self.0.wrapping_sub(rhs.cast_u64()))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: AddressOp> ops::AddAssign<T> for Address {
-    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: T) {
-        self.0 = self.0.wrapping_add(rhs.cast_u64())
-    }
-}
-
-impl<T: AddressOp> ops::SubAssign<T> for Address {
-    fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: T) {
-        self.0 = self.0.wrapping_sub(rhs.cast_u64())
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<Address> for u64 {
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn from(value: Address) -> Self {
-        value.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl Debug for Address {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "[{:0x}]", self.0)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Can perform address operations with
-pub trait AddressOp {
-    /// Cast to u64, truncating or extending
-    fn cast_u64(self) -> u64;
-}
-
-macro_rules! impl_address_ops(($($ty:ty),* $(,)?) => {
-    $(impl AddressOp for $ty {
-        #[inline(always)]
-        fn cast_u64(self) -> u64 { self as _ }
-    })*
-});
-
-impl_address_ops!(u8, u16, u32, u64, usize);

hbvm/src/mem/mod.rs

@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-//! Memory implementations
-
-pub mod softpaging;
-
-mod addr;
-
-pub use addr::Address;
-
-use {crate::utils::impl_display, hbbytecode::ProgramVal};
-
-/// Load-store memory access
-pub trait Memory {
-    /// Load data from memory on address
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    /// - Shall not overrun the buffer
-    unsafe fn load(
-        &mut self,
-        addr: Address,
-        target: *mut u8,
-        count: usize,
-    ) -> Result<(), LoadError>;
-
-    /// Store data to memory on address
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    /// - Shall not overrun the buffer
-    unsafe fn store(
-        &mut self,
-        addr: Address,
-        source: *const u8,
-        count: usize,
-    ) -> Result<(), StoreError>;
-
-    /// Read from program memory to execute
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    /// - Data read have to be valid
-    unsafe fn prog_read<T: ProgramVal>(&mut self, addr: Address) -> Option<T>;
-
-    /// Read from program memory to exectue
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    /// - You have to be really sure that these bytes are there, understand?
-    unsafe fn prog_read_unchecked<T: ProgramVal>(&mut self, addr: Address) -> T;
-}
-
-/// Unhandled load access trap
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct LoadError(pub Address);
-impl_display!(for LoadError =>
-    |LoadError(a)| "Load access error at address {a}",
-);
-
-/// Unhandled store access trap
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct StoreError(pub Address);
-impl_display!(for StoreError =>
-    |StoreError(a)| "Load access error at address {a}",
-);
-
-/// Reason to access memory
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum MemoryAccessReason {
-    /// Memory was accessed for load (read)
-    Load,
-    /// Memory was accessed for store (write)
-    Store,
-}
-
-impl_display!(for MemoryAccessReason => match {
-    Self::Load  => const "Load";
-    Self::Store => const "Store";
-});
-
-impl From<LoadError> for crate::VmRunError {
-    fn from(value: LoadError) -> Self {
-        Self::LoadAccessEx(value.0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<StoreError> for crate::VmRunError {
-    fn from(value: StoreError) -> Self {
-        Self::StoreAccessEx(value.0)
-    }
-}

hbvm/src/mem/softpaging/icache.rs

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-//! Program instruction cache
-
-use crate::mem::Address;
-
-use {
-    super::{lookup::AddrPageLookuper, paging::PageTable, PageSize},
-    core::{
-        mem::{size_of, MaybeUninit},
-        ptr::{copy_nonoverlapping, NonNull},
-    },
-};
-
-/// Instruction cache
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct ICache {
-    /// Current page address base
-    base: Address,
-    /// Curent page pointer
-    data: Option<NonNull<u8>>,
-    /// Current page size
-    size: PageSize,
-    /// Address mask
-    mask: u64,
-}
-
-impl Default for ICache {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        Self {
-            base: Address::NULL,
-            data: Default::default(),
-            size: PageSize::Size4K,
-            mask: Default::default(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl ICache {
-    /// Fetch instruction from cache
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    /// `T` should be valid to read from instruction memory
-    pub(super) unsafe fn fetch<T>(
-        &mut self,
-        addr: Address,
-        root_pt: *const PageTable,
-    ) -> Option<T> {
-        let mut ret = MaybeUninit::<T>::uninit();
-
-        let pbase = self
-            .data
-            .or_else(|| self.fetch_page(self.base + self.size, root_pt))?;
-
-        // Get address base
-        let base = addr.map(|x| x & self.mask);
-
-        // Base not matching, fetch anew
-        if base != self.base {
-            self.fetch_page(base, root_pt)?;
-        };
-
-        let offset = addr.get() & !self.mask;
-        let requ_size = size_of::<T>();
-
-        // Page overflow
-        let rem = (offset as usize)
-            .saturating_add(requ_size)
-            .saturating_sub(self.size as _);
-        let first_copy = requ_size.saturating_sub(rem);
-
-        // Copy non-overflowing part
-        copy_nonoverlapping(pbase.as_ptr(), ret.as_mut_ptr().cast::<u8>(), first_copy);
-
-        // Copy overflow
-        if rem != 0 {
-            let pbase = self.fetch_page(self.base + self.size, root_pt)?;
-
-            // Unlikely, unsupported scenario
-            if rem > self.size as _ {
-                return None;
-            }
-
-            copy_nonoverlapping(
-                pbase.as_ptr(),
-                ret.as_mut_ptr().cast::<u8>().add(first_copy),
-                rem,
-            );
-        }
-
-        Some(ret.assume_init())
-    }
-
-    /// Fetch a page
-    unsafe fn fetch_page(&mut self, addr: Address, pt: *const PageTable) -> Option<NonNull<u8>> {
-        let res = AddrPageLookuper::new(addr, 0, pt).next()?.ok()?;
-        if !super::perm_check::executable(res.perm) {
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        (self.size, self.mask) = match res.size {
-            4096 => (PageSize::Size4K, !((1 << 8) - 1)),
-            2097152 => (PageSize::Size2M, !((1 << (8 * 2)) - 1)),
-            1073741824 => (PageSize::Size1G, !((1 << (8 * 3)) - 1)),
-            _ => return None,
-        };
-        self.data = Some(NonNull::new(res.ptr)?);
-        self.base = addr.map(|x| x & self.mask);
-        self.data
-    }
-}

hbvm/src/mem/softpaging/lookup.rs

@@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
-//! Address lookup
-
-use crate::mem::addr::Address;
-
-use super::{
-    addr_extract_index,
-    paging::{PageTable, Permission},
-    PageSize,
-};
-
-/// Good result from address split
-pub struct AddrPageLookupOk {
-    /// Virtual address
-    pub vaddr: Address,
-
-    /// Pointer to the start for perform operation
-    pub ptr: *mut u8,
-
-    /// Size to the end of page / end of desired size
-    pub size: usize,
-
-    /// Page permission
-    pub perm: Permission,
-}
-
-/// Errornous address split result
-pub struct AddrPageLookupError {
-    /// Address of failure
-    pub addr: Address,
-
-    /// Requested page size
-    pub size: PageSize,
-}
-
-/// Address splitter into pages
-pub struct AddrPageLookuper {
-    /// Current address
-    addr: Address,
-
-    /// Size left
-    size: usize,
-
-    /// Page table
-    pagetable: *const PageTable,
-}
-
-impl AddrPageLookuper {
-    /// Create a new page lookuper
-    #[inline]
-    pub const fn new(addr: Address, size: usize, pagetable: *const PageTable) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            addr,
-            size,
-            pagetable,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Bump address by size X
-    pub fn bump(&mut self, page_size: PageSize) {
-        self.addr += page_size;
-        self.size = self.size.saturating_sub(page_size as _);
-    }
-}
-
-impl Iterator for AddrPageLookuper {
-    type Item = Result<AddrPageLookupOk, AddrPageLookupError>;
-
-    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
-        // The end, everything is fine
-        if self.size == 0 {
-            return None;
-        }
-
-        let (base, perm, size, offset) = 'a: {
-            let mut current_pt = self.pagetable;
-
-            // Walk the page table
-            for lvl in (0..5).rev() {
-                // Get an entry
-                unsafe {
-                    let entry = (*current_pt)
-                        .table
-                        .get_unchecked(addr_extract_index(self.addr, lvl));
-
-                    let ptr = entry.ptr();
-                    match entry.permission() {
-                        // No page → page fault
-                        Permission::Empty => {
-                            return Some(Err(AddrPageLookupError {
-                                addr: self.addr,
-                                size: PageSize::from_lvl(lvl)?,
-                            }))
-                        }
-
-                        // Node → proceed waking
-                        Permission::Node => current_pt = ptr as _,
-
-                        // Leaf → return relevant data
-                        perm => {
-                            break 'a (
-                                // Pointer in host memory
-                                ptr as *mut u8,
-                                perm,
-                                PageSize::from_lvl(lvl)?,
-                                // In-page offset
-                                addr_extract_index(self.addr, lvl),
-                            );
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            return None; // Reached the end (should not happen)
-        };
-
-        // Get available byte count in the selected page with offset
-        let avail = (size as usize).saturating_sub(offset).clamp(0, self.size);
-        self.bump(size);
-
-        Some(Ok(AddrPageLookupOk {
-            vaddr: self.addr,
-            ptr: unsafe { base.add(offset) }, // Return pointer to the start of region
-            size: avail,
-            perm,
-        }))
-    }
-}

hbvm/src/mem/softpaging/mapping.rs

@@ -1,166 +0,0 @@
-//! Automatic memory mapping
-
-use crate::{mem::addr::Address, utils::impl_display};
-
-use {
-    super::{
-        addr_extract_index,
-        paging::{PageTable, Permission, PtEntry, PtPointedData},
-        PageSize, SoftPagedMem,
-    },
-    alloc::boxed::Box,
-};
-
-impl<'p, A, const OUT_PROG_EXEC: bool> SoftPagedMem<'p, A, OUT_PROG_EXEC> {
-    /// Maps host's memory into VM's memory
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    /// - Your faith in the gods of UB
-    ///     - Addr-san claims it's fine but who knows is she isn't lying :ferrisSus:
-    ///     - Alright, Miri-sama is also fine with this, who knows why
-    pub unsafe fn map(
-        &mut self,
-        host: *mut u8,
-        target: Address,
-        perm: Permission,
-        pagesize: PageSize,
-    ) -> Result<(), MapError> {
-        let mut current_pt = self.root_pt;
-
-        // Decide on what level depth are we going
-        let lookup_depth = match pagesize {
-            PageSize::Size4K => 0,
-            PageSize::Size2M => 1,
-            PageSize::Size1G => 2,
-        };
-
-        // Walk pagetable levels
-        for lvl in (lookup_depth + 1..5).rev() {
-            let entry = (*current_pt)
-                .table
-                .get_unchecked_mut(addr_extract_index(target, lvl));
-
-            let ptr = entry.ptr();
-            match entry.permission() {
-                // Still not on target and already seeing empty entry?
-                // No worries! Let's create one (allocates).
-                Permission::Empty => {
-                    // Increase children count
-                    (*current_pt).childen += 1;
-
-                    let table = Box::into_raw(Box::new(PtPointedData {
-                        pt: PageTable::default(),
-                    }));
-
-                    core::ptr::write(entry, PtEntry::new(table, Permission::Node));
-                    current_pt = table as _;
-                }
-                // Continue walking
-                Permission::Node => current_pt = ptr as _,
-
-                // There is some entry on place of node
-                _ => return Err(MapError::PageOnNode),
-            }
-        }
-
-        let node = (*current_pt)
-            .table
-            .get_unchecked_mut(addr_extract_index(target, lookup_depth));
-
-        // Check if node is not mapped
-        if node.permission() != Permission::Empty {
-            return Err(MapError::AlreadyMapped);
-        }
-
-        // Write entry
-        (*current_pt).childen += 1;
-        core::ptr::write(node, PtEntry::new(host.cast(), perm));
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Unmaps pages from VM's memory
-    ///
-    /// If errors, it only means there is no entry to unmap and in most cases
-    /// just should be ignored.
-    pub fn unmap(&mut self, addr: Address) -> Result<(), NothingToUnmap> {
-        let mut current_pt = self.root_pt;
-        let mut page_tables = [core::ptr::null_mut(); 5];
-
-        // Walk page table in reverse
-        for lvl in (0..5).rev() {
-            let entry = unsafe {
-                (*current_pt)
-                    .table
-                    .get_unchecked_mut(addr_extract_index(addr, lvl))
-            };
-
-            let ptr = entry.ptr();
-            match entry.permission() {
-                // Nothing is there, throw an error, not critical!
-                Permission::Empty => return Err(NothingToUnmap),
-                // Node – Save to visited pagetables and continue walking
-                Permission::Node => {
-                    page_tables[lvl as usize] = entry;
-                    current_pt = ptr as _
-                }
-                // Page entry – zero it out!
-                // Zero page entry is completely valid entry with
-                // empty permission - no UB here!
-                _ => unsafe {
-                    core::ptr::write_bytes(entry, 0, 1);
-                    break;
-                },
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Now walk in order visited page tables
-        for entry in page_tables.into_iter() {
-            // Level not visited, skip.
-            if entry.is_null() {
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            unsafe {
-                let children = &mut (*(*entry).ptr()).pt.childen;
-                *children -= 1; // Decrease children count
-
-                // If there are no children, deallocate.
-                if *children == 0 {
-                    let _ = Box::from_raw((*entry).ptr() as *mut PageTable);
-
-                    // Zero visited entry
-                    core::ptr::write_bytes(entry, 0, 1);
-                } else {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-/// Error mapping
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum MapError {
-    /// Entry was already mapped
-    AlreadyMapped,
-    /// When walking a page entry was
-    /// encounterd.
-    PageOnNode,
-}
-
-impl_display!(for MapError => match {
-    Self::AlreadyMapped => "There is already a page mapped on specified address";
-    Self::PageOnNode    => "There was a page mapped on the way instead of node";
-});
-
-/// There was no entry in page table to unmap
-///
-/// No worry, don't panic, nothing bad has happened,
-/// but if you are 120% sure there should be something,
-/// double-check your addresses.
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub struct NothingToUnmap;
-impl_display!(for NothingToUnmap => "There is no entry to unmap");

hbvm/src/mem/softpaging/mod.rs

@@ -1,296 +0,0 @@
-//! Platform independent, software paged memory implementation
-
-pub mod icache;
-pub mod lookup;
-pub mod paging;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
-pub mod mapping;
-
-use {
-    super::{addr::Address, LoadError, Memory, MemoryAccessReason, StoreError},
-    core::mem::size_of,
-    icache::ICache,
-    lookup::{AddrPageLookupError, AddrPageLookupOk, AddrPageLookuper},
-    paging::{PageTable, Permission},
-};
-
-/// HoleyBytes software paged memory
-///
-/// - `OUT_PROG_EXEC`: set to `false` to disable executing program
-///   not contained in initially provided program, even the pages
-///   are executable
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct SoftPagedMem<'p, PfH, const OUT_PROG_EXEC: bool = true> {
-    /// Root page table
-    pub root_pt:    *mut PageTable,
-    /// Page fault handler
-    pub pf_handler: PfH,
-    /// Program memory segment
-    pub program:    &'p [u8],
-    /// Program instruction cache
-    pub icache:     ICache,
-}
-
-impl<'p, PfH: HandlePageFault, const OUT_PROG_EXEC: bool> Memory
-    for SoftPagedMem<'p, PfH, OUT_PROG_EXEC>
-{
-    /// Load value from an address
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    /// Applies same conditions as for [`core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping`]
-    unsafe fn load(
-        &mut self,
-        addr: Address,
-        target: *mut u8,
-        count: usize,
-    ) -> Result<(), LoadError> {
-        self.memory_access(
-            MemoryAccessReason::Load,
-            addr,
-            target,
-            count,
-            perm_check::readable,
-            |src, dst, count| core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, dst, count),
-        )
-        .map_err(LoadError)
-    }
-
-    /// Store value to an address
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    /// Applies same conditions as for [`core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping`]
-    unsafe fn store(
-        &mut self,
-        addr: Address,
-        source: *const u8,
-        count: usize,
-    ) -> Result<(), StoreError> {
-        self.memory_access(
-            MemoryAccessReason::Store,
-            addr,
-            source.cast_mut(),
-            count,
-            perm_check::writable,
-            |dst, src, count| core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, dst, count),
-        )
-        .map_err(StoreError)
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    unsafe fn prog_read<T>(&mut self, addr: Address) -> Option<T> {
-        if OUT_PROG_EXEC && addr.truncate_usize() > self.program.len() {
-            return self.icache.fetch::<T>(addr, self.root_pt);
-        }
-
-        let addr = addr.truncate_usize();
-        self.program
-            .get(addr..addr + size_of::<T>())
-            .map(|x| x.as_ptr().cast::<T>().read())
-    }
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    unsafe fn prog_read_unchecked<T>(&mut self, addr: Address) -> T {
-        if OUT_PROG_EXEC && addr.truncate_usize() > self.program.len() {
-            return self
-                .icache
-                .fetch::<T>(addr, self.root_pt)
-                .unwrap_or_else(|| core::mem::zeroed());
-        }
-
-        self.program
-            .as_ptr()
-            .add(addr.truncate_usize())
-            .cast::<T>()
-            .read()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<'p, PfH: HandlePageFault, const OUT_PROG_EXEC: bool> SoftPagedMem<'p, PfH, OUT_PROG_EXEC> {
-    // Everyone behold, the holy function, the god of HBVM memory accesses!
-
-    /// Split address to pages, check their permissions and feed pointers with offset
-    /// to a specified function.
-    ///
-    /// If page is not found, execute page fault trap handler.
-    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)] // Silence peasant
-    fn memory_access(
-        &mut self,
-        reason: MemoryAccessReason,
-        src: Address,
-        mut dst: *mut u8,
-        len: usize,
-        permission_check: fn(Permission) -> bool,
-        action: fn(*mut u8, *mut u8, usize),
-    ) -> Result<(), Address> {
-        // Memory load from program section
-        let (src, len) = if src.truncate_usize() < self.program.len() as _ {
-            // Allow only loads
-            if reason != MemoryAccessReason::Load {
-                return Err(src);
-            }
-
-            // Determine how much data to copy from here
-            let to_copy = len.clamp(0, self.program.len().saturating_sub(src.truncate_usize()));
-
-            // Perform action
-            action(
-                unsafe { self.program.as_ptr().add(src.truncate_usize()).cast_mut() },
-                dst,
-                to_copy,
-            );
-
-            // Return shifted from what we've already copied
-            (
-                src.saturating_add(to_copy as u64),
-                len.saturating_sub(to_copy),
-            )
-        } else {
-            (src, len) // Nothing weird!
-        };
-
-        // Nothing to copy? Don't bother doing anything, bail.
-        if len == 0 {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        // Create new splitter
-        let mut pspl = AddrPageLookuper::new(src, len, self.root_pt);
-        loop {
-            match pspl.next() {
-                // Page is found
-                Some(Ok(AddrPageLookupOk {
-                    vaddr,
-                    ptr,
-                    size,
-                    perm,
-                })) => {
-                    if !permission_check(perm) {
-                        return Err(vaddr);
-                    }
-
-                    // Perform specified memory action and bump destination pointer
-                    action(ptr, dst, size);
-                    dst = unsafe { dst.add(size) };
-                }
-                // No page found
-                Some(Err(AddrPageLookupError { addr, size })) => {
-                    // Attempt to execute page fault handler
-                    if self.pf_handler.page_fault(
-                        reason,
-                        unsafe { &mut *self.root_pt },
-                        addr,
-                        size,
-                        dst,
-                    ) {
-                        // Shift the splitter address
-                        pspl.bump(size);
-
-                        // Bump dst pointer
-                        dst = unsafe { dst.add(size as _) };
-                    } else {
-                        return Err(addr); // Unhandleable, VM will yield.
-                    }
-                }
-                // No remaining pages, we are done!
-                None => return Ok(()),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Extract index in page table on specified level
-///
-/// The level shall not be larger than 4, otherwise
-/// the output of the function is unspecified (yes, it can also panic :)
-pub fn addr_extract_index(addr: Address, lvl: u8) -> usize {
-    debug_assert!(lvl <= 4);
-    let addr = addr.get();
-    usize::try_from((addr >> (lvl * 8 + 12)) & ((1 << 8) - 1)).expect("?conradluget a better CPU")
-}
-
-/// Page size
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum PageSize {
-    /// 4 KiB page (on level 0)
-    Size4K = 4096,
-
-    /// 2 MiB page (on level 1)
-    Size2M = 1024 * 1024 * 2,
-
-    /// 1 GiB page (on level 2)
-    Size1G = 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
-}
-
-impl PageSize {
-    /// Convert page table level to size of page
-    const fn from_lvl(lvl: u8) -> Option<Self> {
-        match lvl {
-            0 => Some(PageSize::Size4K),
-            1 => Some(PageSize::Size2M),
-            2 => Some(PageSize::Size1G),
-            _ => None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl core::ops::Add<PageSize> for Address {
-    type Output = Self;
-
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn add(self, rhs: PageSize) -> Self::Output {
-        self + (rhs as u64)
-    }
-}
-
-impl core::ops::AddAssign<PageSize> for Address {
-    #[inline(always)]
-    fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: PageSize) {
-        *self = Self::new(self.get().wrapping_add(rhs as u64));
-    }
-}
-
-/// Permisison checks
-pub mod perm_check {
-    use super::paging::Permission;
-
-    /// Page is readable
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub const fn readable(perm: Permission) -> bool {
-        matches!(
-            perm,
-            Permission::Readonly | Permission::Write | Permission::Exec
-        )
-    }
-
-    /// Page is writable
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub const fn writable(perm: Permission) -> bool {
-        matches!(perm, Permission::Write)
-    }
-
-    /// Page is executable
-    #[inline(always)]
-    pub const fn executable(perm: Permission) -> bool {
-        matches!(perm, Permission::Exec)
-    }
-}
-
-/// Handle VM traps
-pub trait HandlePageFault {
-    /// Handle page fault
-    ///
-    /// Return true if handling was sucessful,
-    /// otherwise the program will be interrupted and will
-    /// yield an error.
-    fn page_fault(
-        &mut self,
-        reason: MemoryAccessReason,
-        pagetable: &mut PageTable,
-        vaddr: Address,
-        size: PageSize,
-        dataptr: *mut u8,
-    ) -> bool
-    where
-        Self: Sized;
-}

hbvm/src/mem/softpaging/paging.rs

@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-//! Page table and associated structures implementation
-
-use core::{fmt::Debug, mem::MaybeUninit};
-
-/// Page entry permission
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[repr(u8)]
-pub enum Permission {
-    /// No page present
-    #[default]
-    Empty,
-    /// Points to another pagetable
-    Node,
-    /// Page is read only
-    Readonly,
-    /// Page is readable and writable
-    Write,
-    /// Page is readable and executable
-    Exec,
-}
-
-/// Page table entry
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct PtEntry(u64);
-impl PtEntry {
-    /// Create new
-    ///
-    /// # Safety
-    /// - `ptr` has to point to valid data and shall not be deallocated
-    ///    troughout the entry lifetime
-    #[inline]
-    pub unsafe fn new(ptr: *mut PtPointedData, permission: Permission) -> Self {
-        Self(ptr as u64 | permission as u64)
-    }
-
-    /// Get permission
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn permission(&self) -> Permission {
-        unsafe { core::mem::transmute(self.0 as u8 & 0b111) }
-    }
-
-    /// Get pointer to the data (leaf) or next page table (node)
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn ptr(&self) -> *mut PtPointedData {
-        (self.0 & !((1 << 12) - 1)) as _
-    }
-}
-
-impl Debug for PtEntry {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
-        f.debug_struct("PtEntry")
-            .field("ptr", &self.ptr())
-            .field("permission", &self.permission())
-            .finish()
-    }
-}
-
-/// Page table
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[repr(align(4096))]
-pub struct PageTable {
-    /// How much entries are in use
-    pub childen: u8,
-    /// Entries
-    pub table:   [PtEntry; 256],
-}
-
-impl Default for PageTable {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        // SAFETY: It's fine, zeroed page table entry is valid (= empty)
-        Self {
-            childen: 0,
-            table:   unsafe { MaybeUninit::zeroed().assume_init() },
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Data page table entry can possibly point to
-#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
-#[repr(C, align(4096))]
-pub union PtPointedData {
-    /// Node - next page table
-    pub pt:   PageTable,
-    /// Leaf
-    pub page: u8,
-}

hbvm/src/utils.rs

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-macro_rules! impl_display {
-    (for $ty:ty => $(|$selfty:pat_param|)? $fmt:literal $(, $($param:expr),+)? $(,)?) => {
-        impl ::core::fmt::Display for $ty {
-            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
-                $(let $selfty = self;)?
-                write!(f, $fmt, $($param),*)
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    (for $ty:ty => $str:literal) => {
-        impl ::core::fmt::Display for $ty {
-            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
-                f.write_str($str)
-            }
-        }
-    };
-
-    (for $ty:ty => match {$(
-        $bind:pat => $($const:ident)? $fmt:literal $(,$($params:tt)*)?;
-    )*}) => {
-        impl ::core::fmt::Display for $ty {
-            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
-                match self {
-                    $(
-                        $bind => $crate::utils::internal::impl_display_match_fragment!($($const,)? f, $fmt $(, $($params)*)?)
-                    ),*
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[doc(hidden)]
-pub(crate) mod internal {
-    macro_rules! impl_display_match_fragment {
-        (const, $f:expr, $lit:literal) => {
-            $f.write_str($lit)
-        };
-
-        ($f:expr, $fmt:literal $(, $($params:tt)*)?) => {
-            write!($f, $fmt, $($($params)*)?)
-        };
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) use impl_display_match_fragment;
-}
-
-macro_rules! static_assert_eq(($l:expr, $r:expr $(,)?) => {
-    const _: [(); ($l != $r) as usize] = [];
-});
-
-pub(crate) use {impl_display, static_assert_eq};

hbvm/src/validate.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum ErrorKind {
+    InvalidInstruction,
+    Unimplemented,
+    RegisterArrayOverflow,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct Error {
+    pub kind: ErrorKind,
+    pub index: usize,
+}
+
+pub fn validate(mut program: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    use hbbytecode::opcode::*;
+
+    let start = program;
+    loop {
+        program = match program {
+            [] => return Ok(()),
+            [LD..=ST, reg, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, count, ..]
+                if usize::from(*reg) * 8 + usize::from(*count) > 2048 =>
+            {
+                return Err(Error {
+                    kind: ErrorKind::RegisterArrayOverflow,
+                    index: (program.as_ptr() as usize) - (start.as_ptr() as usize),
+                })
+            }
+            [BRC, src, dst, count, ..]
+                if src.checked_add(*count).is_none() || dst.checked_add(*count).is_none() =>
+            {
+                return Err(Error {
+                    kind: ErrorKind::RegisterArrayOverflow,
+                    index: (program.as_ptr() as usize) - (start.as_ptr() as usize),
+                })
+            }
+            [NOP | ECALL, rest @ ..]
+            | [DIR | DIRF, _, _, _, _, rest @ ..]
+            | [ADD..=CMPU | BRC | ADDF..=MULF, _, _, _, rest @ ..]
+            | [NEG..=NOT | CP..=SWA, _, _, rest @ ..]
+            | [LI | JMP, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, rest @ ..]
+            | [ADDI..=CMPUI | BMC | JEQ..=JGTU | ADDFI..=MULFI, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, rest @ ..]
+            | [LD..=ST, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, rest @ ..] => rest,
+            _ => {
+                return Err(Error {
+                    kind: ErrorKind::InvalidInstruction,
+                    index: (program.as_ptr() as usize) - (start.as_ptr() as usize),
+                })
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

hbvm/src/value.rs

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-//! HoleyBytes register value definition
-
-/// Define [`Value`] union
-///
-/// # Safety
-/// Union variants have to be sound to byte-reinterpretate
-/// between each other. Otherwise the behaviour is undefined.
-macro_rules! value_def {
-    ($($ty:ident),* $(,)?) => {
-        /// HBVM register value
-        #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
-        #[repr(packed)]
-        pub union Value {
-            $(
-                #[doc = concat!(stringify!($ty), " type")]
-                pub $ty: $ty
-            ),*
-        }
-
-
-        $(
-            impl From<$ty> for Value {
-                #[inline]
-                fn from(value: $ty) -> Self {
-                    Self { $ty: value }
-                }
-            }
-
-            crate::utils::static_assert_eq!(
-                core::mem::size_of::<$ty>(),
-                core::mem::size_of::<Value>(),
-            );
-
-            impl private::Sealed for $ty {}
-            unsafe impl ValueVariant for $ty {}
-        )*
-    };
-}
-
-impl Value {
-    /// Byte reinterpret value to target variant
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn cast<V: ValueVariant>(self) -> V {
-        /// Evil.
-        ///
-        /// Transmute cannot be performed with generic type
-        /// as size is unknown, so union is used.
-        ///
-        /// # Safety
-        /// If [`ValueVariant`] implemented correctly, it's fine :)
-        ///
-        /// :ferrisClueless:
-        union Transmute<Variant: ValueVariant> {
-            /// Self
-            src:     Value,
-            /// Target variant
-            variant: Variant,
-        }
-
-        unsafe { Transmute { src: self }.variant }
-    }
-}
-
-/// # Safety
-/// - N/A, not to be implemented manually
-pub unsafe trait ValueVariant: private::Sealed + Copy + Into<Value> {}
-
-mod private {
-    pub trait Sealed {}
-}
-
-value_def!(u64, i64, f64);
-crate::utils::static_assert_eq!(core::mem::size_of::<Value>(), 8);
-
-impl core::fmt::Debug for Value {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
-        // Print formatted as hexadecimal, unsigned integer
-        write!(f, "{:x}", self.cast::<u64>())
-    }
-}

hbvm/src/vm/mem/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+mod paging;
+
+use self::paging::{PageTable, Permission, PtEntry};
+use alloc::boxed::Box;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Memory {
+    root_pt: *mut PageTable,
+}
+
+impl Default for Memory {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            root_pt: Box::into_raw(Box::default()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Memory {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let _ = unsafe { Box::from_raw(self.root_pt) };
+    }
+}
+
+impl Memory {
+    // HACK: Just for allocation testing, will be removed when proper memory interfaces
+    // implemented.
+    pub fn insert_test_page(&mut self) {
+        unsafe {
+            let mut entry = PtEntry::new(
+                {
+                    let layout = alloc::alloc::Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(4096, 4096);
+                    let ptr = alloc::alloc::alloc_zeroed(layout);
+                    if ptr.is_null() {
+                        alloc::alloc::handle_alloc_error(layout);
+                    }
+
+                    core::ptr::write_bytes(ptr, 69, 10);
+                    ptr.cast()
+                },
+                Permission::Write,
+            );
+
+            for _ in 0..4 {
+                let mut pt = Box::<PageTable>::default();
+                pt[0] = entry;
+                entry = PtEntry::new(Box::into_raw(pt) as _, Permission::Node);
+            }
+
+            self.root_pt_mut()[0] = entry;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Load value from an address
+    pub unsafe fn load(&self, addr: u64, target: *mut u8, count: usize) -> Result<(), AccessFault> {
+        self.memory_access(
+            addr,
+            target,
+            count,
+            |perm| {
+                matches!(
+                    perm,
+                    Permission::Readonly | Permission::Write | Permission::Exec
+                )
+            },
+            |src, dst, count| core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, dst, count),
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Store value to an address
+    pub unsafe fn store(
+        &mut self,
+        addr: u64,
+        source: *const u8,
+        count: usize,
+    ) -> Result<(), AccessFault> {
+        self.memory_access(
+            addr,
+            source.cast_mut(),
+            count,
+            |perm| perm == Permission::Write,
+            |dst, src, count| core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, dst, count),
+        )
+    }
+
+    /// Copy a block of memory
+    pub unsafe fn block_copy(&mut self, src: u64, dst: u64, count: u64) -> Result<(), ()> {
+        /* let count = usize::try_from(count).expect("?conradluget a better CPU");
+
+        let mut srcs = PageSplitter::new(src, count, self.root_pt);
+        let mut dsts = PageSplitter::new(dst, count, self.root_pt);
+        let mut c_src = srcs.next().ok_or(())?;
+        let mut c_dst = dsts.next().ok_or(())?;
+
+        loop {
+            let min_size = c_src.size.min(c_dst.size);
+            unsafe {
+                core::ptr::copy(c_src.ptr, c_dst.ptr, min_size);
+            }
+
+            match (
+                match c_src.size.saturating_sub(min_size) {
+                    0 => srcs.next(),
+                    size => Some(PageSplitResult { size, ..c_src }),
+                },
+                match c_dst.size.saturating_sub(min_size) {
+                    0 => dsts.next(),
+                    size => Some(PageSplitResult { size, ..c_dst }),
+                },
+            ) {
+                (None, None) => return Ok(()),
+                (Some(src), Some(dst)) => (c_src, c_dst) = (src, dst),
+                _ => return Err(()),
+            }
+        } */
+
+        todo!("Block memory copy")
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn root_pt(&self) -> &PageTable {
+        unsafe { &*self.root_pt }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn root_pt_mut(&mut self) -> &mut PageTable {
+        unsafe { &mut *self.root_pt }
+    }
+
+    fn memory_access(
+        &self,
+        src: u64,
+        mut dst: *mut u8,
+        len: usize,
+        permission_check: impl Fn(Permission) -> bool,
+        action: impl Fn(*mut u8, *mut u8, usize),
+    ) -> Result<(), AccessFault> {
+        for item in PageSplitter::new(src, len, self.root_pt) {
+            let PageSplitResult { ptr, size, perm } = item?;
+            if !permission_check(perm) {
+                return Err(AccessFault::Permission);
+            }
+
+            action(ptr, dst, size);
+            dst = unsafe { dst.add(size) };
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct PageSplitResult {
+    ptr: *mut u8,
+    size: usize,
+    perm: Permission,
+}
+
+struct PageSplitter {
+    addr: u64,
+    size: usize,
+    pagetable: *const PageTable,
+}
+
+impl PageSplitter {
+    pub const fn new(addr: u64, size: usize, pagetable: *const PageTable) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            addr,
+            size,
+            pagetable,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Iterator for PageSplitter {
+    type Item = Result<PageSplitResult, AccessFault>;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        if self.size == 0 {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let (base, perm, size, offset) = 'a: {
+            let mut current_pt = self.pagetable;
+            for lvl in (0..5).rev() {
+                unsafe {
+                    let entry = (*current_pt).get_unchecked(
+                        usize::try_from((self.addr >> (lvl * 9 + 12)) & ((1 << 9) - 1))
+                            .expect("?conradluget a better CPU"),
+                    );
+
+                    let ptr = entry.ptr();
+                    match entry.permission() {
+                        Permission::Empty => {
+                            return Some(Err(AccessFault::NoPage {
+                                addr: self.addr,
+                                remaining: self.size,
+                            }))
+                        }
+                        Permission::Node => current_pt = ptr as _,
+                        perm => {
+                            break 'a (
+                                ptr as *mut u8,
+                                perm,
+                                match lvl {
+                                    0 => 4096,
+                                    1 => 1024_usize.pow(2) * 2,
+                                    2 => 1024_usize.pow(3),
+                                    _ => return Some(Err(AccessFault::TooShallow)),
+                                },
+                                self.addr as usize & ((1 << (lvl * 9 + 12)) - 1),
+                            )
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return Some(Err(AccessFault::TooDeep));
+        };
+
+        extern crate std;
+        let avail = (size - offset).clamp(0, self.size);
+        self.addr += size as u64;
+        self.size = self.size.saturating_sub(size);
+        std::dbg!(Some(Ok(PageSplitResult {
+            ptr: unsafe { base.add(offset) },
+            size: avail,
+            perm,
+        })))
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum AccessFault {
+    NoPage { addr: u64, remaining: usize },
+    Permission,
+    TooShallow,
+    TooDeep,
+}

hbvm/src/vm/mem/paging.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+use core::{
+    fmt::Debug,
+    mem::MaybeUninit,
+    ops::{Index, IndexMut},
+    slice::SliceIndex,
+};
+use delegate::delegate;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum Permission {
+    #[default]
+    Empty,
+    Node,
+    Readonly,
+    Write,
+    Exec,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub struct PtEntry(u64);
+impl PtEntry {
+    #[inline]
+    pub unsafe fn new(ptr: *mut PtPointedData, permission: Permission) -> Self {
+        Self(ptr as u64 | permission as u64)
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn permission(&self) -> Permission {
+        unsafe { core::mem::transmute(self.0 as u8 & 0b111) }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn ptr(&self) -> *mut PtPointedData {
+        (self.0 & !((1 << 12) - 1)) as _
+    }
+}
+
+impl Debug for PtEntry {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_struct("PtEntry")
+            .field("ptr", &self.ptr())
+            .field("permission", &self.permission())
+            .finish()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(align(4096))]
+pub struct PageTable([PtEntry; 512]);
+
+impl PageTable {
+    delegate!(to self.0 {
+        pub unsafe fn get<I>(&self, ix: I) -> Option<&I::Output>
+            where I: SliceIndex<[PtEntry]>;
+
+        pub unsafe fn get_mut<I>(&mut self, ix: I) -> Option<&mut I::Output>
+            where I: SliceIndex<[PtEntry]>;
+
+        pub unsafe fn get_unchecked<I>(&self, index: I) -> &I::Output
+            where I: SliceIndex<[PtEntry]>;
+
+        pub unsafe fn get_unchecked_mut<I>(&mut self, index: I) -> &mut I::Output
+            where I: SliceIndex<[PtEntry]>;
+    });
+}
+
+impl<Idx> Index<Idx> for PageTable
+where
+    Idx: SliceIndex<[PtEntry]>,
+{
+    type Output = Idx::Output;
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn index(&self, index: Idx) -> &Self::Output {
+        &self.0[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl<Idx> IndexMut<Idx> for PageTable
+where
+    Idx: SliceIndex<[PtEntry]>,
+{
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: Idx) -> &mut Self::Output {
+        &mut self.0[index]
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for PageTable {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self(unsafe { MaybeUninit::zeroed().assume_init() })
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(C, align(4096))]
+pub union PtPointedData {
+    pub pt: PageTable,
+    pub page: u8,
+}

hbvm/src/vm/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+//! HoleyBytes Virtual Machine
+//!
+//! All unsafe code here should be sound, if input bytecode passes validation.
+
+// # General safety notice:
+// - Validation has to assure there is 256 registers (r0 - r255)
+// - Instructions have to be valid as specified (values and sizes)
+// - Mapped pages should be at least 4 KiB
+// - Yes, I am aware of the UB when jumping in-mid of instruction where
+//   the read byte corresponds to an instruction whose lenght exceets the
+//   program size. If you are (rightfully) worried about the UB, for now just
+//   append your program with 11 zeroes.
+
+use self::mem::AccessFault;
+
+mod mem;
+mod value;
+
+use {
+    crate::validate,
+    core::ops,
+    hbbytecode::{OpParam, ParamBB, ParamBBB, ParamBBBB, ParamBBD, ParamBBDH, ParamBD},
+    mem::Memory,
+    static_assertions::assert_impl_one,
+    value::Value,
+};
+
+macro_rules! param {
+    ($self:expr, $ty:ty) => {{
+        assert_impl_one!($ty: OpParam);
+        let data = $self
+            .program
+            .as_ptr()
+            .add($self.pc + 1)
+            .cast::<$ty>()
+            .read();
+        $self.pc += 1 + core::mem::size_of::<$ty>();
+        data
+    }};
+}
+
+macro_rules! binary_op {
+    ($self:expr, $ty:ident, $handler:expr) => {{
+        let ParamBBB(tg, a0, a1) = param!($self, ParamBBB);
+        $self.write_reg(
+            tg,
+            $handler(
+                Value::$ty(&$self.read_reg(a0)),
+                Value::$ty(&$self.read_reg(a1)),
+            )
+            .into(),
+        );
+    }};
+}
+
+macro_rules! binary_op_imm {
+    ($self:expr, $ty:ident, $handler:expr) => {{
+        let ParamBBD(tg, a0, imm) = param!($self, ParamBBD);
+        $self.write_reg(
+            tg,
+            $handler(Value::$ty(&$self.read_reg(a0)), Value::$ty(&imm.into())).into(),
+        );
+    }};
+}
+
+macro_rules! cond_jump {
+    ($self:expr, $ty:ident, $expected:ident) => {{
+        let ParamBBD(a0, a1, jt) = param!($self, ParamBBD);
+        if core::cmp::Ord::cmp(&$self.read_reg(a0).as_u64(), &$self.read_reg(a1).as_u64())
+            == core::cmp::Ordering::$expected
+        {
+            $self.pc = jt as usize;
+        }
+    }};
+}
+
+pub struct Vm<'a> {
+    pub registers: [Value; 256],
+    pub memory: Memory,
+    pc: usize,
+    program: &'a [u8],
+}
+
+impl<'a> Vm<'a> {
+    /// # Safety
+    /// Program code has to be validated
+    pub unsafe fn new_unchecked(program: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            registers: [Value::from(0_u64); 256],
+            memory: Default::default(),
+            pc: 0,
+            program,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_validated(program: &'a [u8]) -> Result<Self, validate::Error> {
+        validate::validate(program)?;
+        Ok(unsafe { Self::new_unchecked(program) })
+    }
+
+    pub fn run(&mut self) -> HaltReason {
+        use hbbytecode::opcode::*;
+        loop {
+            let Some(&opcode) = self.program.get(self.pc)
+                else { return HaltReason::ProgramEnd };
+
+            unsafe {
+                match opcode {
+                    NOP => param!(self, ()),
+                    ADD => binary_op!(self, as_u64, u64::wrapping_add),
+                    SUB => binary_op!(self, as_u64, u64::wrapping_sub),
+                    MUL => binary_op!(self, as_u64, u64::wrapping_mul),
+                    AND => binary_op!(self, as_u64, ops::BitAnd::bitand),
+                    OR => binary_op!(self, as_u64, ops::BitOr::bitor),
+                    XOR => binary_op!(self, as_u64, ops::BitXor::bitxor),
+                    SL => binary_op!(self, as_u64, ops::Shl::shl),
+                    SR => binary_op!(self, as_u64, ops::Shr::shr),
+                    SRS => binary_op!(self, as_i64, ops::Shr::shr),
+                    CMP => {
+                        let ParamBBB(tg, a0, a1) = param!(self, ParamBBB);
+                        self.write_reg(
+                            tg,
+                            (self.read_reg(a0).as_i64().cmp(&self.read_reg(a1).as_i64()) as i64)
+                                .into(),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    CMPU => {
+                        let ParamBBB(tg, a0, a1) = param!(self, ParamBBB);
+                        self.write_reg(
+                            tg,
+                            (self.read_reg(a0).as_u64().cmp(&self.read_reg(a1).as_u64()) as i64)
+                                .into(),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    NOT => {
+                        let param = param!(self, ParamBB);
+                        self.write_reg(param.0, (!self.read_reg(param.1).as_u64()).into());
+                    }
+                    NEG => {
+                        let param = param!(self, ParamBB);
+                        self.write_reg(
+                            param.0,
+                            match self.read_reg(param.1).as_u64() {
+                                0 => 1_u64,
+                                _ => 0,
+                            }
+                            .into(),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    DIR => {
+                        let ParamBBBB(dt, rt, a0, a1) = param!(self, ParamBBBB);
+                        let a0 = self.read_reg(a0).as_u64();
+                        let a1 = self.read_reg(a1).as_u64();
+                        self.write_reg(dt, (a0.checked_div(a1).unwrap_or(u64::MAX)).into());
+                        self.write_reg(rt, (a0.checked_rem(a1).unwrap_or(u64::MAX)).into());
+                    }
+                    ADDI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::Add::add),
+                    MULI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::Mul::mul),
+                    ANDI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::BitAnd::bitand),
+                    ORI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::BitOr::bitor),
+                    XORI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::BitXor::bitxor),
+                    SLI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::Shl::shl),
+                    SRI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::Shr::shr),
+                    SRSI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_i64, ops::Shr::shr),
+                    CMPI => {
+                        let ParamBBD(tg, a0, imm) = param!(self, ParamBBD);
+                        self.write_reg(
+                            tg,
+                            (self.read_reg(a0).as_i64().cmp(&Value::from(imm).as_i64()) as i64)
+                                .into(),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    CMPUI => {
+                        let ParamBBD(tg, a0, imm) = param!(self, ParamBBD);
+                        self.write_reg(tg, (self.read_reg(a0).as_u64().cmp(&imm) as i64).into());
+                    }
+                    CP => {
+                        let param = param!(self, ParamBB);
+                        self.write_reg(param.0, self.read_reg(param.1));
+                    }
+                    SWA => {
+                        let ParamBB(src, dst) = param!(self, ParamBB);
+                        if src + dst != 0 {
+                            core::ptr::swap(
+                                self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(usize::from(src)),
+                                self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(usize::from(dst)),
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                    LI => {
+                        let param = param!(self, ParamBD);
+                        self.write_reg(param.0, param.1.into());
+                    }
+                    LD => {
+                        let ParamBBDH(dst, base, off, count) = param!(self, ParamBBDH);
+                        let n: usize = match dst {
+                            0 => 1,
+                            _ => 0,
+                        };
+
+                        if let Err(e) = self.memory.load(
+                            self.read_reg(base).as_u64() + off + n as u64,
+                            self.registers.as_mut_ptr().add(usize::from(dst) + n).cast(),
+                            usize::from(count).saturating_sub(n),
+                        ) {
+                            return HaltReason::LoadAccessEx(e);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ST => {
+                        let ParamBBDH(dst, base, off, count) = param!(self, ParamBBDH);
+                        if let Err(e) = self.memory.store(
+                            self.read_reg(base).as_u64() + off,
+                            self.registers.as_ptr().add(usize::from(dst)).cast(),
+                            count.into(),
+                        ) {
+                            return HaltReason::StoreAccessEx(e);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    BMC => {
+                        let ParamBBD(src, dst, count) = param!(self, ParamBBD);
+                        if self
+                            .memory
+                            .block_copy(
+                                self.read_reg(src).as_u64(),
+                                self.read_reg(dst).as_u64(),
+                                count,
+                            )
+                            .is_err()
+                        {
+                            todo!("Block memory copy fault");
+                        }
+                    }
+                    BRC => {
+                        let ParamBBB(src, dst, count) = param!(self, ParamBBB);
+                        core::ptr::copy(
+                            self.registers.get_unchecked(usize::from(src)),
+                            self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(usize::from(dst)),
+                            usize::from(count * 8),
+                        );
+                    }
+                    JMP => {
+                        let ParamBD(reg, offset) = param!(self, ParamBD);
+                        self.pc = (self.read_reg(reg).as_u64() + offset) as usize;
+                    }
+                    JEQ => cond_jump!(self, int, Equal),
+                    JNE => {
+                        let ParamBBD(a0, a1, jt) = param!(self, ParamBBD);
+                        if self.read_reg(a0).as_u64() != self.read_reg(a1).as_u64() {
+                            self.pc = jt as usize;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    JLT => cond_jump!(self, int, Less),
+                    JGT => cond_jump!(self, int, Greater),
+                    JLTU => cond_jump!(self, sint, Less),
+                    JGTU => cond_jump!(self, sint, Greater),
+                    ECALL => {
+                        param!(self, ());
+                        return HaltReason::Ecall;
+                    }
+                    ADDF => binary_op!(self, as_f64, ops::Add::add),
+                    MULF => binary_op!(self, as_f64, ops::Mul::mul),
+                    DIRF => {
+                        let ParamBBBB(dt, rt, a0, a1) = param!(self, ParamBBBB);
+                        let a0 = self.read_reg(a0).as_f64();
+                        let a1 = self.read_reg(a1).as_f64();
+                        self.write_reg(dt, (a0 / a1).into());
+                        self.write_reg(rt, (a0 % a1).into());
+                    }
+                    ADDFI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_f64, ops::Add::add),
+                    MULFI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_f64, ops::Mul::mul),
+                    op => return HaltReason::InvalidOpEx(op),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn read_reg(&self, n: u8) -> Value {
+        if n == 0 {
+            0_u64.into()
+        } else {
+            *self.registers.get_unchecked(n as usize)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    unsafe fn write_reg(&mut self, n: u8, value: Value) {
+        if n != 0 {
+            *self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(n as usize) = value;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum HaltReason {
+    ProgramEnd,
+    Ecall,
+    InvalidOpEx(u8),
+    LoadAccessEx(AccessFault),
+    StoreAccessEx(AccessFault),
+}

hbvm/src/vm/value.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+use core::fmt::Debug;
+
+macro_rules! value_def {
+    ($($ty:ident),* $(,)?) => {
+        #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+        #[repr(packed)]
+        pub union Value {
+            $(pub $ty: $ty),*
+        }
+
+        paste::paste! {
+            impl Value {$(
+                #[inline]
+                pub fn [<as_ $ty>](&self) -> $ty {
+                    unsafe { self.$ty }
+                }
+            )*}
+        }
+
+        $(
+            impl From<$ty> for Value {
+                #[inline]
+                fn from(value: $ty) -> Self {
+                    Self { $ty: value }
+                }
+            }
+        )*
+    };
+}
+
+value_def!(u64, i64, f64);
+
+impl Debug for Value {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        self.as_u64().fmt(f)
+    }
+}

hbvm/src/vmrun.rs

@@ -1,409 +0,0 @@
-//! Welcome to the land of The Great Dispatch Loop
-//!
-//! Have fun
-
-use crate::mem::Address;
-
-use {
-    super::{
-        bmc::BlockCopier,
-        mem::Memory,
-        value::{Value, ValueVariant},
-        Vm, VmRunError, VmRunOk,
-    },
-    core::{cmp::Ordering, mem::size_of, ops},
-    hbbytecode::{
-        ParamBB, ParamBBB, ParamBBBB, ParamBBD, ParamBBDH, ParamBBW, ParamBD, ProgramVal,
-    },
-};
-
-impl<Mem, const TIMER_QUOTIENT: usize> Vm<Mem, TIMER_QUOTIENT>
-where
-    Mem: Memory,
-{
-    /// Execute program
-    ///
-    /// Program can return [`VmRunError`] if a trap handling failed
-    #[cfg_attr(feature = "nightly", repr(align(4096)))]
-    pub fn run(&mut self) -> Result<VmRunOk, VmRunError> {
-        use hbbytecode::opcode::*;
-        loop {
-            // Big match
-            //
-            // Contribution guide:
-            // - Zero register shall never be overwitten. It's value has to always be 0.
-            //     - Prefer `Self::read_reg` and `Self::write_reg` functions
-            // - Extract parameters using `param!` macro
-            // - Prioritise speed over code size
-            //     - Memory is cheap, CPUs not that much
-            // - Do not heap allocate at any cost
-            //     - Yes, user-provided trap handler may allocate,
-            //       but that is not our »fault«.
-            // - Unsafe is kinda must, but be sure you have validated everything
-            //     - Your contributions have to pass sanitizers and Miri
-            // - Strictly follow the spec
-            //     - The spec does not specify how you perform actions, in what order,
-            //       just that the observable effects have to be performed in order and
-            //       correctly.
-            // - Yes, we assume you run 64 bit CPU. Else ?conradluget a better CPU
-            //   sorry 8 bit fans, HBVM won't run on your Speccy :(
-            unsafe {
-                match self
-                    .memory
-                    .prog_read::<u8>(self.pc as _)
-                    .ok_or(VmRunError::ProgramFetchLoadEx(self.pc as _))?
-                {
-                    UN => {
-                        self.decode::<()>();
-                        return Err(VmRunError::Unreachable);
-                    }
-                    TX => {
-                        self.decode::<()>();
-                        return Ok(VmRunOk::End);
-                    }
-                    NOP => self.decode::<()>(),
-                    ADD => self.binary_op(u64::wrapping_add),
-                    SUB => self.binary_op(u64::wrapping_sub),
-                    MUL => self.binary_op(u64::wrapping_mul),
-                    AND => self.binary_op::<u64>(ops::BitAnd::bitand),
-                    OR => self.binary_op::<u64>(ops::BitOr::bitor),
-                    XOR => self.binary_op::<u64>(ops::BitXor::bitxor),
-                    SL => self.binary_op(|l, r| u64::wrapping_shl(l, r as u32)),
-                    SR => self.binary_op(|l, r| u64::wrapping_shr(l, r as u32)),
-                    SRS => self.binary_op(|l, r| i64::wrapping_shl(l, r as u32)),
-                    CMP => {
-                        // Compare a0 <=> a1
-                        // < →  0
-                        // > →  1
-                        // = →  2
-
-                        let ParamBBB(tg, a0, a1) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(
-                            tg,
-                            self.read_reg(a0)
-                                .cast::<i64>()
-                                .cmp(&self.read_reg(a1).cast::<i64>())
-                                as i64
-                                + 1,
-                        );
-                    }
-                    CMPU => {
-                        // Unsigned comparsion
-                        let ParamBBB(tg, a0, a1) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(
-                            tg,
-                            self.read_reg(a0)
-                                .cast::<u64>()
-                                .cmp(&self.read_reg(a1).cast::<u64>())
-                                as i64
-                                + 1,
-                        );
-                    }
-                    NOT => {
-                        // Logical negation
-                        let ParamBB(tg, a0) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(tg, !self.read_reg(a0).cast::<u64>());
-                    }
-                    NEG => {
-                        // Bitwise negation
-                        let ParamBB(tg, a0) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(
-                            tg,
-                            match self.read_reg(a0).cast::<u64>() {
-                                0 => 1_u64,
-                                _ => 0,
-                            },
-                        );
-                    }
-                    DIR => {
-                        // Fused Division-Remainder
-                        let ParamBBBB(dt, rt, a0, a1) = self.decode();
-                        let a0 = self.read_reg(a0).cast::<u64>();
-                        let a1 = self.read_reg(a1).cast::<u64>();
-                        self.write_reg(dt, a0.checked_div(a1).unwrap_or(u64::MAX));
-                        self.write_reg(rt, a0.checked_rem(a1).unwrap_or(u64::MAX));
-                    }
-                    ADDI => self.binary_op_imm(u64::wrapping_add),
-                    MULI => self.binary_op_imm(u64::wrapping_sub),
-                    ANDI => self.binary_op_imm::<u64>(ops::BitAnd::bitand),
-                    ORI => self.binary_op_imm::<u64>(ops::BitOr::bitor),
-                    XORI => self.binary_op_imm::<u64>(ops::BitXor::bitxor),
-                    SLI => self.binary_op_ims(u64::wrapping_shl),
-                    SRI => self.binary_op_ims(u64::wrapping_shr),
-                    SRSI => self.binary_op_ims(i64::wrapping_shr),
-                    CMPI => {
-                        let ParamBBD(tg, a0, imm) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(
-                            tg,
-                            self.read_reg(a0)
-                                .cast::<i64>()
-                                .cmp(&Value::from(imm).cast::<i64>())
-                                as i64,
-                        );
-                    }
-                    CMPUI => {
-                        let ParamBBD(tg, a0, imm) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(tg, self.read_reg(a0).cast::<u64>().cmp(&imm) as i64);
-                    }
-                    CP => {
-                        let ParamBB(tg, a0) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(tg, self.read_reg(a0));
-                    }
-                    SWA => {
-                        // Swap registers
-                        let ParamBB(r0, r1) = self.decode();
-                        match (r0, r1) {
-                            (0, 0) => (),
-                            (dst, 0) | (0, dst) => self.write_reg(dst, 0_u64),
-                            (r0, r1) => {
-                                core::ptr::swap(
-                                    self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(usize::from(r0)),
-                                    self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(usize::from(r1)),
-                                );
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    LI => {
-                        let ParamBD(tg, imm) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(tg, imm);
-                    }
-                    LD => {
-                        // Load. If loading more than register size, continue on adjecent registers
-                        let ParamBBDH(dst, base, off, count) = self.decode();
-                        let n: u8 = match dst {
-                            0 => 1,
-                            _ => 0,
-                        };
-
-                        self.memory.load(
-                            self.ldst_addr_uber(dst, base, off, count, n)?,
-                            self.registers
-                                .as_mut_ptr()
-                                .add(usize::from(dst) + usize::from(n))
-                                .cast(),
-                            usize::from(count).saturating_sub(n.into()),
-                        )?;
-                    }
-                    ST => {
-                        // Store. Same rules apply as to LD
-                        let ParamBBDH(dst, base, off, count) = self.decode();
-                        self.memory.store(
-                            self.ldst_addr_uber(dst, base, off, count, 0)?,
-                            self.registers.as_ptr().add(usize::from(dst)).cast(),
-                            count.into(),
-                        )?;
-                    }
-                    BMC => {
-                        // Block memory copy
-                        match if let Some(copier) = &mut self.copier {
-                            // There is some copier, poll.
-                            copier.poll(&mut self.memory)
-                        } else {
-                            // There is none, make one!
-                            let ParamBBD(src, dst, count) = self.decode();
-
-                            // So we are still on BMC on next cycle
-                            self.pc -= size_of::<ParamBBD>() + 1;
-
-                            self.copier = Some(BlockCopier::new(
-                                Address::new(self.read_reg(src).cast()),
-                                Address::new(self.read_reg(dst).cast()),
-                                count as _,
-                            ));
-
-                            self.copier
-                                .as_mut()
-                                .unwrap_unchecked() // SAFETY: We just assigned there
-                                .poll(&mut self.memory)
-                        } {
-                            // We are done, shift program counter
-                            core::task::Poll::Ready(Ok(())) => {
-                                self.copier = None;
-                                self.pc += size_of::<ParamBBD>() + 1;
-                            }
-                            // Error, shift program counter (for consistency)
-                            // and yield error
-                            core::task::Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => {
-                                self.pc += size_of::<ParamBBD>() + 1;
-                                return Err(e.into());
-                            }
-                            // Not done yet, proceed to next cycle
-                            core::task::Poll::Pending => (),
-                        }
-                    }
-                    BRC => {
-                        // Block register copy
-                        let ParamBBB(src, dst, count) = self.decode();
-                        if src.checked_add(count).is_none() || dst.checked_add(count).is_none() {
-                            return Err(VmRunError::RegOutOfBounds);
-                        }
-
-                        core::ptr::copy(
-                            self.registers.get_unchecked(usize::from(src)),
-                            self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(usize::from(dst)),
-                            usize::from(count),
-                        );
-                    }
-                    JAL => {
-                        // Jump and link. Save PC after this instruction to
-                        // specified register and jump to reg + offset.
-                        let ParamBBD(save, reg, offset) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(save, self.pc.get());
-                        self.pc =
-                            Address::new(self.read_reg(reg).cast::<u64>().saturating_add(offset));
-                    }
-                    // Conditional jumps, jump only to immediates
-                    JEQ => self.cond_jmp::<u64>(Ordering::Equal),
-                    JNE => {
-                        let ParamBBD(a0, a1, jt) = self.decode();
-                        if self.read_reg(a0).cast::<u64>() != self.read_reg(a1).cast::<u64>() {
-                            self.pc = Address::new(jt);
-                        }
-                    }
-                    JLT => self.cond_jmp::<u64>(Ordering::Less),
-                    JGT => self.cond_jmp::<u64>(Ordering::Greater),
-                    JLTU => self.cond_jmp::<i64>(Ordering::Less),
-                    JGTU => self.cond_jmp::<i64>(Ordering::Greater),
-                    ECALL => {
-                        self.decode::<()>();
-
-                        // So we don't get timer interrupt after ECALL
-                        if TIMER_QUOTIENT != 0 {
-                            self.timer = self.timer.wrapping_add(1);
-                        }
-                        return Ok(VmRunOk::Ecall);
-                    }
-                    ADDF => self.binary_op::<f64>(ops::Add::add),
-                    SUBF => self.binary_op::<f64>(ops::Sub::sub),
-                    MULF => self.binary_op::<f64>(ops::Mul::mul),
-                    DIRF => {
-                        let ParamBBBB(dt, rt, a0, a1) = self.decode();
-                        let a0 = self.read_reg(a0).cast::<f64>();
-                        let a1 = self.read_reg(a1).cast::<f64>();
-                        self.write_reg(dt, a0 / a1);
-                        self.write_reg(rt, a0 % a1);
-                    }
-                    FMAF => {
-                        let ParamBBBB(dt, a0, a1, a2) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(
-                            dt,
-                            self.read_reg(a0).cast::<f64>() * self.read_reg(a1).cast::<f64>()
-                                + self.read_reg(a2).cast::<f64>(),
-                        );
-                    }
-                    NEGF => {
-                        let ParamBB(dt, a0) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(dt, -self.read_reg(a0).cast::<f64>());
-                    }
-                    ITF => {
-                        let ParamBB(dt, a0) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(dt, self.read_reg(a0).cast::<i64>() as f64);
-                    }
-                    FTI => {
-                        let ParamBB(dt, a0) = self.decode();
-                        self.write_reg(dt, self.read_reg(a0).cast::<f64>() as i64);
-                    }
-                    ADDFI => self.binary_op_imm::<f64>(ops::Add::add),
-                    MULFI => self.binary_op_imm::<f64>(ops::Mul::mul),
-                    op => return Err(VmRunError::InvalidOpcode(op)),
-                }
-            }
-
-            if TIMER_QUOTIENT != 0 {
-                self.timer = self.timer.wrapping_add(1);
-                if self.timer % TIMER_QUOTIENT == 0 {
-                    return Ok(VmRunOk::Timer);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Decode instruction operands
-    #[inline(always)]
-    unsafe fn decode<T: ProgramVal>(&mut self) -> T {
-        let pc1 = self.pc + 1_u64;
-        let data = self.memory.prog_read_unchecked::<T>(pc1 as _);
-        self.pc += 1 + size_of::<T>();
-        data
-    }
-
-    /// Perform binary operating over two registers
-    #[inline(always)]
-    unsafe fn binary_op<T: ValueVariant>(&mut self, op: impl Fn(T, T) -> T) {
-        let ParamBBB(tg, a0, a1) = self.decode();
-        self.write_reg(
-            tg,
-            op(self.read_reg(a0).cast::<T>(), self.read_reg(a1).cast::<T>()),
-        );
-    }
-
-    /// Perform binary operation over register and immediate
-    #[inline(always)]
-    unsafe fn binary_op_imm<T: ValueVariant>(&mut self, op: impl Fn(T, T) -> T) {
-        let ParamBBD(tg, reg, imm) = self.decode();
-        self.write_reg(
-            tg,
-            op(self.read_reg(reg).cast::<T>(), Value::from(imm).cast::<T>()),
-        );
-    }
-
-    /// Perform binary operation over register and shift immediate
-    #[inline(always)]
-    unsafe fn binary_op_ims<T: ValueVariant>(&mut self, op: impl Fn(T, u32) -> T) {
-        let ParamBBW(tg, reg, imm) = self.decode();
-        self.write_reg(tg, op(self.read_reg(reg).cast::<T>(), imm));
-    }
-
-    /// Jump at `#3` if ordering on `#0 <=> #1` is equal to expected
-    #[inline(always)]
-    unsafe fn cond_jmp<T: ValueVariant + Ord>(&mut self, expected: Ordering) {
-        let ParamBBD(a0, a1, ja) = self.decode();
-        if self
-            .read_reg(a0)
-            .cast::<T>()
-            .cmp(&self.read_reg(a1).cast::<T>())
-            == expected
-        {
-            self.pc = Address::new(ja);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Read register
-    #[inline(always)]
-    unsafe fn read_reg(&self, n: u8) -> Value {
-        *self.registers.get_unchecked(n as usize)
-    }
-
-    /// Write a register.
-    /// Writing to register 0 is no-op.
-    #[inline(always)]
-    unsafe fn write_reg(&mut self, n: u8, value: impl Into<Value>) {
-        if n != 0 {
-            *self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(n as usize) = value.into();
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Load / Store Address check-computation überfunction
-    #[inline(always)]
-    unsafe fn ldst_addr_uber(
-        &self,
-        dst: u8,
-        base: u8,
-        offset: u64,
-        size: u16,
-        adder: u8,
-    ) -> Result<Address, VmRunError> {
-        let reg = dst.checked_add(adder).ok_or(VmRunError::RegOutOfBounds)?;
-
-        if usize::from(reg) * 8 + usize::from(size) > 2048 {
-            Err(VmRunError::RegOutOfBounds)
-        } else {
-            self.read_reg(base)
-                .cast::<u64>()
-                .checked_add(offset)
-                .and_then(|x| x.checked_add(adder.into()))
-                .ok_or(VmRunError::AddrOutOfBounds)
-                .map(Address::new)
-        }
-    }
-}

rust-toolchain

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-nightly

rustfmt.toml

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 hex_literal_case = "Upper"
 imports_granularity = "One"
-struct_field_align_threshold = 8
+struct_field_align_threshold = 5
-enum_discrim_align_threshold = 8

spec.md

@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 # HoleyBytes ISA Specification
 
 # Bytecode format
-- Holey Bytes program should start with following magic: `[0xAB, 0x1E, 0x0B]`
 - All numbers are encoded little-endian
 - There is 256 registers, they are represented by a byte
 - Immediate values are 64 bit
-- Program is by spec required to be terminated with 12 zero bytes
 
 ### Instruction encoding
 - Instruction parameters are packed (no alignment)
@@ -21,8 +19,8 @@
 | BBBB | 32 bits |
 | BBB  | 24 bits |
 | BBDH | 96 bits |
+| BBDB | 88 bits |
 | BBD  | 80 bits |
-| BBW  | 48 bits |
 |  BB  | 16 bits |
 |  BD  | 72 bits |
 |  D   | 64 bits |
@@ -34,14 +32,12 @@
 - `P ← V`: Set register P to value V
 - `[x]`: Address x
 
-## Program execution control
+## No-op
 - N type
 
-| Opcode | Name |            Action             |
+| Opcode | Name |   Action   |
-|:------:|:----:|:-----------------------------:|
+|:------:|:----:|:----------:|
-|   0    |  UN  | Trigger unreachable code trap |
+|   0    | NOP  | Do nothing |
-|   1    |  TX  |      Terminate execution      |
-|   2    | NOP  |          Do nothing           |
 
 ## Integer binary ops.
 - BBB type
@@ -49,28 +45,28 @@
 
 | Opcode | Name |         Action          |
 |:------:|:----:|:-----------------------:|
-|   3    | ADD  |    Wrapping addition    |
+|   1    | ADD  |    Wrapping addition    |
-|   4    | SUB  |  Wrapping subtraction   |
+|   2    | SUB  |  Wrapping subtraction   |
-|   5    | MUL  | Wrapping multiplication |
+|   3    | MUL  | Wrapping multiplication |
-|   6    | AND  |         Bitand          |
+|   4    | AND  |         Bitand          |
-|   7    |  OR  |          Bitor          |
+|   5    |  OR  |          Bitor          |
-|   8    | XOR  |         Bitxor          |
+|   6    | XOR  |         Bitxor          |
-|   9    |  SL  | Unsigned left bitshift  |
+|   7    |  SL  | Unsigned left bitshift  |
-|   10   |  SR  | Unsigned right bitshift |
+|   8    |  SR  | Unsigned right bitshift |
-|   11   | SRS  |  Signed right bitshift  |
+|   9    | SRS  |  Signed right bitshift  |
 
 ### Comparsion
 | Opcode | Name |       Action        |
 |:------:|:----:|:-------------------:|
-|   12   | CMP  |  Signed comparsion  |
+|   10   | CMP  |  Signed comparsion  |
-|   13   | CMPU | Unsigned comparsion |
+|   11   | CMPU | Unsigned comparsion |
 
 #### Comparsion table
 | #1 *op* #2 | Result |
 |:----------:|:------:|
-|     <      |   0    |
+|     <      |   -1   |
-|     =      |   1    |
+|     =      |   0    |
-|     >      |   2    |
+|     >      |   1    |
 
 ### Division-remainder
 - Type BBBB
@@ -80,7 +76,7 @@
 
 | Opcode | Name |             Action              |
 |:------:|:----:|:-------------------------------:|
-|   14   | DIR  | Divide and remainder combinated |
+|   12   | DIR  | Divide and remainder combinated |
 
 ### Negations
 - Type BB
@@ -88,36 +84,31 @@
 
 | Opcode | Name |      Action      |
 |:------:|:----:|:----------------:|
-|   15   | NEG  |   Bit negation   |
+|   13   | NEG  |   Bit negation   |
-|   16   | NOT  | Logical negation |
+|   14   | NOT  | Logical negation |
 
 ## Integer immediate binary ops.
 - Type BBD
 - `#0 ← #1 <op> imm #2`
 
-| Opcode | Name |        Action        |
-|:------:|:----:|:--------------------:|
-|   17   | ADDI |  Wrapping addition   |
-|   18   | MULI | Wrapping subtraction |
-|   19   | ANDI |        Bitand        |
-|   20   | ORI  |        Bitor         |
-|   21   | XORI |        Bitxor        |
-
-### Bitshifts
-- Type BBW
 | Opcode | Name |         Action          |
 |:------:|:----:|:-----------------------:|
-|   22   | SLI  | Unsigned left bitshift  |
+|   15   | ADDI |    Wrapping addition    |
-|   23   | SRI  | Unsigned right bitshift |
+|   16   | MULI |  Wrapping subtraction   |
-|   24   | SRSI |  Signed right bitshift  |
+|   17   | ANDI |         Bitand          |
+|   18   | ORI  |          Bitor          |
+|   19   | XORI |         Bitxor          |
+|   20   | SLI  | Unsigned left bitshift  |
+|   21   | SRI  | Unsigned right bitshift |
+|   22   | SRSI |  Signed right bitshift  |
 
 ### Comparsion
 - Comparsion is the same as when RRR type
 
 | Opcode | Name  |       Action        |
 |:------:|:-----:|:-------------------:|
-|   25   | CMPI  |  Signed comparsion  |
+|   23   | CMPI  |  Signed comparsion  |
-|   26   | CMPUI | Unsigned comparsion |
+|   24   | CMPUI | Unsigned comparsion |
 
 ## Register value set / copy
 
@@ -127,18 +118,15 @@
 
 | Opcode | Name | Action |
 |:------:|:----:|:------:|
-|   27   |  CP  |  Copy  |
+|   25   |  CP  |  Copy  |
 
 ### Swap
 - Type BB
 - Swap #0 and #1
-- Zero register rules:
-    - Both: no-op
-    - One: Copy zero to the non-zero register
 
 | Opcode | Name | Action |
 |:------:|:----:|:------:|
-|   28   | SWA  |  Swap  |
+|   26   | SWA  |  Swap  |
 
 ### Load immediate
 - Type BD
@@ -146,7 +134,7 @@
 
 | Opcode | Name |     Action     |
 |:------:|:----:|:--------------:|
-|   29   |  LI  | Load immediate |
+|   27   |  LI  | Load immediate |
 
 ## Memory operations
 - Type BBDH
@@ -155,8 +143,8 @@
 ### Load / Store
 | Opcode | Name |                 Action                  |
 |:------:|:----:|:---------------------------------------:|
-|   30   |  LD  | `#0 ← [#1 + imm #3], copy imm #4 bytes` |
+|   28   |  LD  | `#0 ← [#1 + imm #3], copy imm #4 bytes` |
-|   31   |  ST  | `[#1 + imm #3] ← #0, copy imm #4 bytes` |
+|   29   |  ST  | `[#1 + imm #3] ← #0, copy imm #4 bytes` |
 
 ## Block copy
 - Block copy source and target can overlap
@@ -166,7 +154,7 @@
 
 | Opcode | Name |              Action              |
 |:------:|:----:|:--------------------------------:|
-|   32   | BMC  | `[#1] ← [#0], copy imm #2 bytes` |
+|   30   | BMC  | `[#0] ← [#1], copy imm #2 bytes` |
 
 ### Register copy
 - Type BBB
@@ -174,22 +162,16 @@
 
 | Opcode | Name |              Action              |
 |:------:|:----:|:--------------------------------:|
-|   33   | BRC  | `#1 ← #0, copy imm #2 registers` |
+|   31   | BRC  | `#0 ← #1, copy imm #2 registers` |
 
 ## Control flow
 
 ### Unconditional jump
-- Type D
+- Type BD
-| Opcode | Name |             Action              |
-|:------:|:----:|:-------------------------------:|
-|   34   | JMP  | Unconditional, non-linking jump |
 
-### Unconditional linking jump
+| Opcode | Name |        Action         |
-- Type BBD
+|:------:|:----:|:---------------------:|
-
+|   32   | JMP  | Jump at `#0 + imm #1` |
-| Opcode | Name |                       Action                       |
-|:------:|:----:|:--------------------------------------------------:|
-|   35   | JAL  | Save PC past JAL to `#0` and jump at `#1 + imm #2` |
 
 ### Conditional jumps
 - Type BBD
@@ -197,19 +179,19 @@
 
 | Opcode | Name |  Comparsion  |
 |:------:|:----:|:------------:|
-|   36   | JEQ  |      =       |
+|   33   | JEQ  |      =       |
-|   37   | JNE  |      ≠       |
+|   34   | JNE  |      ≠       |
-|   38   | JLT  |  < (signed)  |
+|   35   | JLT  |  < (signed)  |
-|   39   | JGT  |  > (signed)  |
+|   36   | JGT  |  > (signed)  |
-|   40   | JLTU | < (unsigned) |
+|   37   | JLTU | < (unsigned) |
-|   41   | JGTU | > (unsigned) |
+|   38   | JGTU | > (unsigned) |
 
 ### Environment call
 - Type N
 
 | Opcode | Name  |                Action                 |
 |:------:|:-----:|:-------------------------------------:|
-|   42   | ECALL | Cause an trap to the host environment |
+|   39   | ECALL | Cause an trap to the host environment |
 
 ## Floating point operations
 - Type BBB
@@ -217,39 +199,15 @@
 
 | Opcode | Name |     Action     |
 |:------:|:----:|:--------------:|
-|   43   | ADDF |    Addition    |
+|   40   | ADDF |    Addition    |
-|   44   | SUBF |  Subtraction   |
+|   41   | MULF | Multiplication |
-|   45   | MULF | Multiplication |
 
 ### Division-remainder
 - Type BBBB
 
-| Opcode | Name |          Action           |
+| Opcode | Name |                 Action                 |
-|:------:|:----:|:-------------------------:|
+|:------:|:----:|:--------------------------------------:|
-|   46   | DIRF | Same as for integer `DIR` |
+|   42   | DIRF | Same flow applies as for integer `DIR` |
-
-### Fused Multiply-Add
-- Type BBBB
-
-| Opcode | Name |        Action         |
-|:------:|:----:|:---------------------:|
-|   47   | FMAF | `#0 ← (#1 * #2) + #3` |
-
-### Negation
-- Type BB
-| Opcode | Name |   Action   |
-|:------:|:----:|:----------:|
-|   48   | NEGF | `#0 ← -#1` |
-
-### Conversion
-- Type BB
-- Signed
-- `#0 ← #1 as _`
-
-| Opcode | Name |    Action    |
-|:------:|:----:|:------------:|
-|   49   | ITF  | Int to Float |
-|   50   | FTI  | Float to Int |
 
 ## Floating point immediate operations
 - Type BBD
@@ -257,8 +215,8 @@
 
 | Opcode | Name  |     Action     |
 |:------:|:-----:|:--------------:|
-|   51   | ADDFI |    Addition    |
+|   43   | ADDFI |    Addition    |
-|   52   | MULFI | Multiplication |
+|   44   | MULFI | Multiplication |
 
 # Registers
 - There is 255 registers + one zero register (with index 0)
@@ -267,23 +225,21 @@
 
 # Memory
 - Addresses are 64 bit
-- Program should be in the same address space as all other data
 - Memory implementation is arbitrary
-    - Address `0x0` may or may not be valid. Count with compilers
-      considering it invalid!
 - In case of accessing invalid address:
     - Program shall trap (LoadAccessEx, StoreAccessEx) with parameter of accessed address
     - Value of register when trapped is undefined
 
 ## Recommendations
+- Leave address `0x0` as invalid
 - If paging used:
     - Leave first page invalid
     - Pages should be at least 4 KiB
 
 # Program execution
 - The way of program execution is implementation defined
-- The execution is arbitrary, as long all effects are obervable
+- The order of instruction is arbitrary, as long all observable
-    in the way as program was executed literally, in order.
+    effects are applied in the program's order
 
 # Program validation
 - Invalid program should cause runtime error:
@@ -298,7 +254,6 @@ Program should at least implement these traps:
 - Invalid instruction exception
 - Load address exception
 - Store address exception
-- Unreachable instruction
 
 and executing environment should be able to get information about them,
 like the opcode of invalid instruction or attempted address to load/store.