From c63fbabc4266405d9c3dd27e7eac698dce740ccf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 3 Aug 2022 12:53:02 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 01/20] feat: start VFS implementation

---
 ableos/Cargo.toml               |  2 +-
 ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs |  9 ++++
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs    | 88 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 ableos/src/handle.rs            | 15 ++++--
 4 files changed, 110 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs

diff --git a/ableos/Cargo.toml b/ableos/Cargo.toml
index 665889b5..a50c735c 100644
--- a/ableos/Cargo.toml
+++ b/ableos/Cargo.toml
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ test-args = [
 [dependencies]
 lazy_static = { version = "1.4.0", features = ["spin_no_std"] }
 qrcode = { path = "../qrcode-rust" }
-bitflags = "1.2.1"
+bitflags = "1.3"
 lliw = "0.2.0"
 spin = "0.9"
 pretty-hex = "0.2.1"
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..01b40a02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Umut İnan Erdoğan <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+
+pub enum FsError {
+    UnsupportedOperation,
+}
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index b712e683..dfec8916 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,13 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Umut İnan Erdoğan <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+
+pub mod errors;
+
+use alloc::rc::Weak;
+use bitflags::bitflags;
 use ext2::{
     fs::{
         sync::{Inode, Synced},
@@ -8,6 +18,84 @@ use ext2::{
 };
 use spin::Lazy;
 
+use crate::handle::Handle;
+
+use self::errors::FsError;
+
+pub type FsOpenOperation = fn(/* TODO: flags */) -> Result<Handle, FsError>;
+pub type FsCloseOperation = fn(fd: Handle) -> Result<(), FsError>;
+pub type FsReadOperation = fn(fd: Handle, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>, FsError>;
+pub type FsWriteOperation = fn(fd: Handle, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<(), FsError>;
+
+/// A VFS node, that can either be a file or a directory.
+pub struct FsNode {
+    // FIXME: move the file name into the directory listing to implement hard
+    //        links
+    name: String,
+    flags: FsNodeFlags,
+    length: u32, // in bytes
+    inode: u32, // implementation specific identifier for the node
+    device_handle: Handle, // uniquely assigned device handle
+    ptr: Weak<FsNode>, // used by mountpoints and symlinks
+    open: Option<FsOpenOperation>,
+    close: Option<FsCloseOperation>,
+    read: Option<FsReadOperation>,
+    write: Option<FsWriteOperation>,
+    // todo: permissions mask
+    // todo: owning user/group
+    // todo: readdir, finddir fn pointers
+}
+
+impl FsNode {
+    // TODO: make this take flags
+    fn open(&self) -> Result<Handle, FsError> {
+        if let Some(open) = self.open {
+            open()
+        } else {
+            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn close(&self, fd: Handle) -> Result<(), FsError> {
+        if let Some(close) = self.close {
+            close(fd)
+        } else {
+            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn read(&self, fd: Handle, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>, FsError> {
+        if let Some(read) = self.read {
+            read(fd, offset, size)
+        } else {
+            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn write(&self, fd: Handle, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<(), FsError> {
+        if let Some(write) = self.write {
+            write(fd, offset, buffer)
+        } else {
+            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Flags associated with VFS nodes.
+    /// 
+    /// 0x00000MST
+    /// T is set to 0 for files, 1 for directories
+    /// S is set when the node is a symbolic link
+    /// M is set if the node is an active mount point
+    pub struct FsNodeFlags: u8 {
+        const FILE = 0b00000000;
+        const DIRECTORY = 0b00000001;
+        const SYMBOLIC_LINK = 0b00000010;
+        const MOUNT_POINT = 0b00000100;
+    }
+}
+
 pub static FILE_SYSTEM: Lazy<spin::Mutex<Synced<Ext2<Size1024, Vec<u8>>>>> =
     Lazy::new(|| spin::Mutex::new(load_fs()));
 
diff --git a/ableos/src/handle.rs b/ableos/src/handle.rs
index dda62396..fb9f31db 100644
--- a/ableos/src/handle.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/handle.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Umut İnan Erdoğan <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+
 //! A handle is a u128 with a set of permissions
 //! and a resource connected to it
 
@@ -14,8 +20,9 @@ pub struct BinaryData {
 pub enum HandleResource {
     Channel,
     Socket,
-
     BinaryData,
+    StorageDevice,
+    FileDescriptor,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)]
@@ -30,16 +37,18 @@ impl Display for Handle {
         match &self.res {
             HandleResource::Channel => write!(f, "-Channel")?,
             HandleResource::BinaryData => write!(f, "-Binary")?,
-            Socket => write!(f, "-Socket")?,
+            HandleResource::Socket => write!(f, "-Socket")?,
+            HandleResource::StorageDevice => write!(f, "-StorageDevice")?,
+            HandleResource::FileDescriptor => write!(f, "-FileDescriptor")?,
         }
 
         Ok(())
     }
 }
 
-use crate::handle::HandleResource::*;
 impl Handle {
     pub fn new(htype: HandleResource) -> Self {
+        // FIXME: check if inner collides
         Self {
             inner: generate_process_pass(),
             res: htype,

From 9462350de7e13727921e08c213b65b7b90316525 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 3 Aug 2022 14:23:58 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 02/20] vfs: readdir and finddir operations in FsNode

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs | 55 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 42 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index dfec8916..e32084d7 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -21,11 +21,18 @@ use spin::Lazy;
 use crate::handle::Handle;
 
 use self::errors::FsError;
+use FsResult as Result;
 
-pub type FsOpenOperation = fn(/* TODO: flags */) -> Result<Handle, FsError>;
-pub type FsCloseOperation = fn(fd: Handle) -> Result<(), FsError>;
-pub type FsReadOperation = fn(fd: Handle, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>, FsError>;
-pub type FsWriteOperation = fn(fd: Handle, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<(), FsError>;
+pub type FsResult<T> = core::result::Result<T, FsError>;
+
+pub type FsOpenOperation = fn(node: &FsNode /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<Handle>;
+pub type FsCloseOperation = fn(node: &FsNode) -> Result<()>;
+pub type FsReadOperation = fn(node: &FsNode, offset: u32, size: u32)
+    -> Result<Box<[u8]>>;
+pub type FsWriteOperation = fn(node: &FsNode, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>)
+    -> Result<()>;
+pub type FsReaddirOperation = fn(node: &FsNode, index: u32) -> Result<DirectoryEntry>;
+pub type FsFinddirOperation = fn(node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode>;
 
 /// A VFS node, that can either be a file or a directory.
 pub struct FsNode {
@@ -41,40 +48,57 @@ pub struct FsNode {
     close: Option<FsCloseOperation>,
     read: Option<FsReadOperation>,
     write: Option<FsWriteOperation>,
+    readdir: Option<FsReaddirOperation>,
+    finddir: Option<FsFinddirOperation>,
     // todo: permissions mask
     // todo: owning user/group
-    // todo: readdir, finddir fn pointers
 }
 
 impl FsNode {
     // TODO: make this take flags
-    fn open(&self) -> Result<Handle, FsError> {
+    fn open(&self) -> Result<Handle> {
         if let Some(open) = self.open {
-            open()
+            open(self)
         } else {
             Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
         }
     }
 
-    fn close(&self, fd: Handle) -> Result<(), FsError> {
+    fn close(&self) -> Result<()> {
         if let Some(close) = self.close {
-            close(fd)
+            close(self)
         } else {
             Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
         }
     }
 
-    fn read(&self, fd: Handle, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>, FsError> {
+    fn read(&self, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
         if let Some(read) = self.read {
-            read(fd, offset, size)
+            read(self, offset, size)
         } else {
             Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
         }
     }
 
-    fn write(&self, fd: Handle, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<(), FsError> {
+    fn write(&self, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
         if let Some(write) = self.write {
-            write(fd, offset, buffer)
+            write(self, offset, buffer)
+        } else {
+            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn readdir(&self, index: u32) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
+        if let Some(readdir) = self.readdir {
+            readdir(self, index)
+        } else {
+            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn finddir(&self, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
+        if let Some(finddir) = self.finddir {
+            finddir(self, name)
         } else {
             Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
         }
@@ -96,6 +120,11 @@ bitflags! {
     }
 }
 
+pub struct DirectoryEntry {
+    name: String,
+    inode: u32,
+}
+
 pub static FILE_SYSTEM: Lazy<spin::Mutex<Synced<Ext2<Size1024, Vec<u8>>>>> =
     Lazy::new(|| spin::Mutex::new(load_fs()));
 

From 31a3feb6a066a43ef555c61ac4e6642b88514c62 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 3 Aug 2022 15:45:49 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 03/20] vfs: move operations into trait StorageDevice, hold
 StorageDevices in KERNEL_STATE

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs   |  17 ++++
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs     |  85 ++++++++++++++++
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs      | 140 ++++++++++----------------
 ableos/src/kernel_state.rs        |  15 +++
 ableos/src/rhai_shell/mod.rs      | 112 ++++++++++-----------
 ableos/src/scratchpad.rs          |  69 ++++++++-----
 ableos/src/wasm_jumploader/mod.rs | 158 +++++++++++++++---------------
 ext2-rs/src/error.rs              |   4 +-
 8 files changed, 350 insertions(+), 250 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
index 01b40a02..827bd956 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
@@ -6,4 +6,21 @@
 
 pub enum FsError {
     UnsupportedOperation,
+    InvalidDevice,
+}
+
+impl Into<FsError> for ext2::error::Error {
+    fn into(self) -> FsError {
+        match self {
+            ext2::error::Error::Other(_) => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::BadMagic { magic: _ } => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::OutOfBounds { index: _ } => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::AddressOutOfBounds { sector: _, offset: _, size: _ } => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::BadBlockGroupCount { by_blocks: _, by_inodes: _ } => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::InodeNotFound { inode: _ } => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::NotADirectory { inode: _, name: _ } => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::NotAbsolute { name: _ } => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::NotFound { name: _ } => todo!(),
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..831f4750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+use ext2::fs::Ext2;
+use ext2::sector::SectorSize;
+use ext2::volume::Volume;
+
+use super::{FsResult as Result, StorageDevice};
+
+pub struct Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
+where
+    S: SectorSize,
+    V: Volume<u8, S>,
+{
+    fs: Ext2<S, V>,
+}
+
+impl<S, V> Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
+where
+    S: SectorSize,
+    V: Volume<u8, S>,
+{
+    pub fn new(volume: V) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            fs: Ext2::new(volume).map_err(|e| e.into())?,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S, V> StorageDevice for Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
+where
+    S: SectorSize + Send,
+    V: Volume<u8, S> + Send,
+{
+    fn open(&self, node: &super::FsNode /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<crate::handle::Handle> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn close(&self, node: &super::FsNode) -> Result<()> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn read(&self, node: &super::FsNode, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn write(&self, node: &super::FsNode, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn read_dir(&self, node: &super::FsNode, index: u32) -> Result<super::DirectoryEntry> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn find_dir(&self, node: &super::FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<super::FsNode> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
+
+// fn load_fs() -> Arc<Mutex<Ext2<Size1024, Vec<u8>>>> {
+//     let mut volume = Vec::new();
+//     volume.extend_from_slice(include_bytes!("../../../userland/root_fs/ext2.img"));
+
+//     Arc::<Ext2<Size1024, _>>::new(volume).unwrap()
+// }
+
+// pub fn walk<S: SectorSize, V: Volume<u8, S>>(
+//     fs: &Synced<Ext2<S, V>>,
+//     inode: Inode<S, V>,
+//     name: String,
+// ) {
+//     if let Some(dir) = inode.directory() {
+//         for entry in dir {
+//             assert!(entry.is_ok());
+//             let entry = entry.unwrap();
+//             let entry_name = String::from_utf8_lossy(&entry.name);
+
+//             println!("{}/{} => {}", name, entry_name, entry.inode,);
+//             if entry_name != "." && entry_name != ".." {
+//                 walk(
+//                     fs,
+//                     fs.inode_nth(entry.inode).unwrap(),
+//                     format!("{}/{}", name, entry_name),
+//                 );
+//             }
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index e32084d7..36f3e571 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -5,34 +5,29 @@
  */
 
 pub mod errors;
+pub mod ext2;
 
 use alloc::rc::Weak;
 use bitflags::bitflags;
-use ext2::{
-    fs::{
-        sync::{Inode, Synced},
-        Ext2,
-    },
-    sector::{SectorSize, Size1024},
-    volume::Volume,
-};
-use spin::Lazy;
 
-use crate::handle::Handle;
+use crate::{handle::Handle, KERNEL_STATE};
 
 use self::errors::FsError;
 use FsResult as Result;
 
 pub type FsResult<T> = core::result::Result<T, FsError>;
 
-pub type FsOpenOperation = fn(node: &FsNode /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<Handle>;
-pub type FsCloseOperation = fn(node: &FsNode) -> Result<()>;
-pub type FsReadOperation = fn(node: &FsNode, offset: u32, size: u32)
-    -> Result<Box<[u8]>>;
-pub type FsWriteOperation = fn(node: &FsNode, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>)
-    -> Result<()>;
-pub type FsReaddirOperation = fn(node: &FsNode, index: u32) -> Result<DirectoryEntry>;
-pub type FsFinddirOperation = fn(node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode>;
+pub trait StorageDevice
+where
+    Self: Send,
+{
+    fn open(&self, node: &FsNode /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<Handle>;
+    fn close(&self, node: &FsNode) -> Result<()>;
+    fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>>;
+    fn write(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()>;
+    fn read_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, index: u32) -> Result<DirectoryEntry>;
+    fn find_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode>;
+}
 
 /// A VFS node, that can either be a file or a directory.
 pub struct FsNode {
@@ -44,12 +39,6 @@ pub struct FsNode {
     inode: u32, // implementation specific identifier for the node
     device_handle: Handle, // uniquely assigned device handle
     ptr: Weak<FsNode>, // used by mountpoints and symlinks
-    open: Option<FsOpenOperation>,
-    close: Option<FsCloseOperation>,
-    read: Option<FsReadOperation>,
-    write: Option<FsWriteOperation>,
-    readdir: Option<FsReaddirOperation>,
-    finddir: Option<FsFinddirOperation>,
     // todo: permissions mask
     // todo: owning user/group
 }
@@ -57,51 +46,57 @@ pub struct FsNode {
 impl FsNode {
     // TODO: make this take flags
     fn open(&self) -> Result<Handle> {
-        if let Some(open) = self.open {
-            open(self)
-        } else {
-            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
-        }
+        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        let device = state
+            .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
+
+        device.open(self)
     }
 
     fn close(&self) -> Result<()> {
-        if let Some(close) = self.close {
-            close(self)
-        } else {
-            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
-        }
+        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        let device = state
+            .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
+
+        device.close(self)
     }
 
     fn read(&self, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
-        if let Some(read) = self.read {
-            read(self, offset, size)
-        } else {
-            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
-        }
+        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        let device = state
+            .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
+
+        device.read(self, offset, size)
     }
 
     fn write(&self, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
-        if let Some(write) = self.write {
-            write(self, offset, buffer)
-        } else {
-            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
-        }
+        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        let device = state
+            .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
+
+        device.write(self, offset, buffer)
     }
 
-    fn readdir(&self, index: u32) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
-        if let Some(readdir) = self.readdir {
-            readdir(self, index)
-        } else {
-            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
-        }
+    fn read_dir(&self, index: u32) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
+        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        let device = state
+            .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
+
+        device.read_dir(self, index)
     }
 
-    fn finddir(&self, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
-        if let Some(finddir) = self.finddir {
-            finddir(self, name)
-        } else {
-            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)
-        }
+    fn find_dir(&self, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
+        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        let device = state
+            .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
+
+        device.find_dir(self, name)
     }
 }
 
@@ -124,36 +119,3 @@ pub struct DirectoryEntry {
     name: String,
     inode: u32,
 }
-
-pub static FILE_SYSTEM: Lazy<spin::Mutex<Synced<Ext2<Size1024, Vec<u8>>>>> =
-    Lazy::new(|| spin::Mutex::new(load_fs()));
-
-pub fn walk<S: SectorSize, V: Volume<u8, S>>(
-    fs: &Synced<Ext2<S, V>>,
-    inode: Inode<S, V>,
-    name: String,
-) {
-    if let Some(dir) = inode.directory() {
-        for entry in dir {
-            assert!(entry.is_ok());
-            let entry = entry.unwrap();
-            let entry_name = String::from_utf8_lossy(&entry.name);
-
-            println!("{}/{} => {}", name, entry_name, entry.inode,);
-            if entry_name != "." && entry_name != ".." {
-                walk(
-                    fs,
-                    fs.inode_nth(entry.inode).unwrap(),
-                    format!("{}/{}", name, entry_name),
-                );
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-fn load_fs() -> Synced<Ext2<Size1024, Vec<u8>>> {
-    let mut volume = Vec::new();
-    volume.extend_from_slice(include_bytes!("../../../userland/root_fs/ext2.img"));
-
-    Synced::<Ext2<Size1024, _>>::new(volume).unwrap()
-}
diff --git a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
index 52ec3712..25b27f48 100644
--- a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use spin::Lazy;
 
+use crate::{handle::{Handle, HandleResource}, filesystem::StorageDevice};
+
 pub static KERNEL_STATE: Lazy<spin::Mutex<KernelInternalState>> =
     Lazy::new(|| spin::Mutex::new(KernelInternalState::new()));
 
 pub struct KernelInternalState {
     pub hostname: String,
+    storage_devices: HashMap<Handle, Box<dyn StorageDevice>>,
     should_shutdown: bool,
 }
 
@@ -12,6 +16,7 @@ impl KernelInternalState {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         Self {
             should_shutdown: false,
+            storage_devices: HashMap::new(),
             hostname: "".to_string(),
         }
     }
@@ -19,9 +24,19 @@ impl KernelInternalState {
     pub fn set_hostname(&mut self, hostname: String) {
         self.hostname = hostname;
     }
+
+    pub fn add_storage_device(&mut self, device: impl StorageDevice + Send + 'static) {
+        self.storage_devices.insert(Handle::new(HandleResource::StorageDevice), Box::new(device));
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_storage_device(&self, handle: Handle) -> Option<&dyn StorageDevice> {
+        self.storage_devices.get(&handle).map(|d| &**d)
+    }
+
     pub fn shutdown(&mut self) {
         self.should_shutdown = true;
     }
+
     pub fn update_state(&mut self) {
         if self.should_shutdown {
             crate::arch::shutdown();
diff --git a/ableos/src/rhai_shell/mod.rs b/ableos/src/rhai_shell/mod.rs
index 2e1f20b9..9873aaec 100644
--- a/ableos/src/rhai_shell/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/rhai_shell/mod.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use crate::arch::drivers::sysinfo::master;
 use crate::systeminfo::{KERNEL_VERSION, RELEASE_TYPE};
-use crate::{filesystem::FILE_SYSTEM, time::fetch_time, KERNEL_STATE};
-use genfs::{Fs, OpenOptions};
+use crate::{time::fetch_time, KERNEL_STATE};
+// use genfs::{Fs, OpenOptions};
 use kernel::allocator::ALLOCATOR;
 // use rhai::Engine;
 use spin::Lazy;
@@ -103,23 +103,23 @@ pub fn poke_memory(ptr: i64, val: i64) {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn ls() {
-    let current_dir = CURRENT_DIR.lock();
+// pub fn ls() {
+//     let current_dir = CURRENT_DIR.lock();
 
-    let fs = &*FILE_SYSTEM.lock();
+//     let fs = &*FILE_SYSTEM.lock();
 
-    let file = fs
-        .open(current_dir.as_bytes(), OpenOptions::new().read(true))
-        .unwrap();
+//     let file = fs
+//         .open(current_dir.as_bytes(), OpenOptions::new().read(true))
+//         .unwrap();
 
-    let mut files = file.directory().unwrap();
-    println!("current dir: {}", *current_dir);
-    while let Some(Ok(entry)) = files.next() {
-        let inode_name = entry.name;
-        let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(&inode_name);
-        println!("{}", s);
-    }
-}
+//     let mut files = file.directory().unwrap();
+//     println!("current dir: {}", *current_dir);
+//     while let Some(Ok(entry)) = files.next() {
+//         let inode_name = entry.name;
+//         let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(&inode_name);
+//         println!("{}", s);
+//     }
+// }
 
 pub fn log_dump() {
     use crate::network::socket::SimpleSock;
@@ -144,55 +144,55 @@ pub fn log_dump() {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn echo_file(path: String) {
-    let mut current_dir = CURRENT_DIR.lock();
+// pub fn echo_file(path: String) {
+//     let mut current_dir = CURRENT_DIR.lock();
 
-    let fs = &*FILE_SYSTEM.lock();
+//     let fs = &*FILE_SYSTEM.lock();
 
-    current_dir.push_str(&path);
+//     current_dir.push_str(&path);
 
-    let file = fs
-        .open(current_dir.as_bytes(), OpenOptions::new().read(true))
-        .unwrap();
+//     let file = fs
+//         .open(current_dir.as_bytes(), OpenOptions::new().read(true))
+//         .unwrap();
 
-    if file.is_dir() {
-        println!("{} is a directory", path);
-    } else {
-        let mut file_contents = Vec::new();
+//     if file.is_dir() {
+//         println!("{} is a directory", path);
+//     } else {
+//         let mut file_contents = Vec::new();
 
-        let _ret = file.read_to_end(&mut file_contents).unwrap();
+//         let _ret = file.read_to_end(&mut file_contents).unwrap();
 
-        let file_contents_str = String::from_utf8_lossy(&file_contents);
+//         let file_contents_str = String::from_utf8_lossy(&file_contents);
 
-        println!("{}", file_contents_str);
-    }
-}
+//         println!("{}", file_contents_str);
+//     }
+// }
 
-pub fn change_directory(path: String) {
-    let mut current_dir = CURRENT_DIR.lock();
+// pub fn change_directory(path: String) {
+//     let mut current_dir = CURRENT_DIR.lock();
 
-    let _fs = &*FILE_SYSTEM.lock();
-    if path == "." || path == ".." {
-        let mut split_dir = current_dir.split('/').collect::<Vec<&str>>();
-        let mut new_dir = String::new();
-        split_dir.remove(split_dir.len() - 1);
-        println!("{:?}", split_dir);
-        if split_dir.is_empty() {
-            new_dir = "/".to_string();
-        } else {
-            for x in split_dir {
-                new_dir.push_str(x);
-                new_dir.push('/');
-            }
-        }
-        *current_dir = new_dir;
-    } else {
-        if !current_dir.ends_with('/') {
-            current_dir.push('/');
-        }
-        current_dir.push_str(&path);
-    }
-}
+//     let _fs = &*FILE_SYSTEM.lock();
+//     if path == "." || path == ".." {
+//         let mut split_dir = current_dir.split('/').collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+//         let mut new_dir = String::new();
+//         split_dir.remove(split_dir.len() - 1);
+//         println!("{:?}", split_dir);
+//         if split_dir.is_empty() {
+//             new_dir = "/".to_string();
+//         } else {
+//             for x in split_dir {
+//                 new_dir.push_str(x);
+//                 new_dir.push('/');
+//             }
+//         }
+//         *current_dir = new_dir;
+//     } else {
+//         if !current_dir.ends_with('/') {
+//             current_dir.push('/');
+//         }
+//         current_dir.push_str(&path);
+//     }
+// }
 
 // fn engine_construction() -> Engine {
 //     let mut engine = rhai::Engine::new();
diff --git a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
index 2948cc9f..00056064 100644
--- a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ use crate::systeminfo::{KERNEL_VERSION, RELEASE_TYPE};
 use crate::time::fetch_time;
 use crate::KERNEL_STATE;
 use crate::{
-    arch::shutdown, filesystem::FILE_SYSTEM, rhai_shell::KEYBUFF, vterm::VTerm,
-    wasm_jumploader::run_program,
+    arch::shutdown, rhai_shell::KEYBUFF, vterm::Term,
+    // wasm_jumploader::run_program,
 };
 
 use acpi::{AcpiTables, PlatformInfo};
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ pub fn real_shell() {
 }
 
 pub fn command_parser(user: String, command: String) {
-    let fs = &*FILE_SYSTEM.lock();
+    // let fs = &*FILE_SYSTEM.lock();
     let mut iter = command.split_whitespace();
 
     // TODO: update the open() function to take either a ableOS path or a b"/" type path
@@ -225,41 +225,48 @@ pub fn command_parser(user: String, command: String) {
         //     drop(fs);
         //     shell();
         // }
-        "list" | "ls" => {
-            for dir_entry in list_files_in_dir(fs, current_path) {
-                println!("{}", dir_entry.file_name_string());
-            }
-        }
+        // "list" | "ls" => {
+        //     for dir_entry in list_files_in_dir(fs, current_path) {
+        //         println!("{}", dir_entry.file_name_string());
+        //     }
+        // }
 
+<<<<<<< HEAD
         "echo" => match conf_args.1.arguments.get("p") {
             Some(path) => echo_file(path.to_string(), fs),
 
             None => println!("No path provided"),
         },
         "test" => {}
+=======
+        // "echo" => {
+        //     echo_file(iter.next().unwrap().to_string(), fs);
+        // }
+>>>>>>> 5149f26... vfs: move operations into trait StorageDevice, hold StorageDevices in KERNEL_STATE
 
         "quit" => shutdown(),
 
         _ => {
-            let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
-            options.read(true);
-            let file = {
-                let path = format!("/home/{user}/bins/{bin_name}.wasm");
-                if let Ok(file) = fs.open(&path.as_bytes(), &options) {
-                    file
-                } else {
-                    let path = format!("/shared/bins/{bin_name}.wasm");
-                    if let Ok(file) = fs.open(&path.as_bytes(), &options) {
-                        file
-                    } else {
-                        let path = format!("/system/bins/{bin_name}.wasm");
-                        match fs.open(&path.as_bytes(), &options) {
-                            Ok(file) => file,
-                            Err(error) => {
-                                trace!("{:?}", error);
+            // let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
+            // options.read(true);
+            // let file = {
+            //     let path = format!("/home/{user}/bins/{bin_name}.wasm");
+            //     if let Ok(file) = fs.open(&path.as_bytes(), &options) {
+            //         file
+            //     } else {
+            //         let path = format!("/shared/bins/{bin_name}.wasm");
+            //         if let Ok(file) = fs.open(&path.as_bytes(), &options) {
+            //             file
+            //         } else {
+            //             let path = format!("/system/bins/{bin_name}.wasm");
+            //             match fs.open(&path.as_bytes(), &options) {
+            //                 Ok(file) => file,
+            //                 Err(error) => {
+            //                     trace!("{:?}", error);
                                 println!("No such binary: {}", bin_name);
                                 error!("No such binary: {}", bin_name);
                                 return;
+<<<<<<< HEAD
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -272,6 +279,20 @@ pub fn command_parser(user: String, command: String) {
             // let args = iter.collect::<Vec<&str>>();
             // println!("{:?}", args);
             run_program(&binary);
+=======
+            //                 }
+            //             }
+            //         }
+            //     }
+            // };
+
+            // let mut binary = vec![];
+            // file.read_to_end(&mut binary).unwrap();
+
+            // let args = iter.collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+            // println!("{:?}", args);
+            // run_program(&binary);
+>>>>>>> 5149f26... vfs: move operations into trait StorageDevice, hold StorageDevices in KERNEL_STATE
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/ableos/src/wasm_jumploader/mod.rs b/ableos/src/wasm_jumploader/mod.rs
index ab5a674d..06177dca 100644
--- a/ableos/src/wasm_jumploader/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/wasm_jumploader/mod.rs
@@ -1,101 +1,101 @@
 pub mod host_functions;
 
-use crate::{filesystem::FILE_SYSTEM, wasm_jumploader::host_functions::HostExternals};
-use genfs::{Fs, OpenOptions};
+use crate::wasm_jumploader::host_functions::HostExternals;
+// use genfs::{Fs, OpenOptions};
 use wasmi::{ImportsBuilder, ModuleInstance};
 
 pub fn interp() {
     trace!("Interpreting...");
-    let fs = &*FILE_SYSTEM.lock();
-    trace!("Got filesystem");
-    let file = fs
-        .open(
-            b"/home/able/bins/aos_test.wasm",
-            OpenOptions::new().read(true),
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+    // let fs = &*FILE_SYSTEM.lock();
+    // trace!("Got filesystem");
+    // let file = fs
+    //     .open(
+    //         b"/home/able/bins/aos_test.wasm",
+    //         OpenOptions::new().read(true),
+    //     )
+    //     .unwrap();
 
-    let mut wasm_binary = Vec::new();
+    // let mut wasm_binary = Vec::new();
 
-    let ret = file.read_to_end(&mut wasm_binary).unwrap();
-    trace!("Binary size {}", ret);
-    // Load wasm binary and prepare it for instantiation.
-    let module = wasmi::Module::from_buffer(&wasm_binary).expect("failed to load wasm");
-    trace!("Loaded wasm binary");
-    let imports = ImportsBuilder::new().with_resolver("env", &host_functions::HostExternals {});
-    trace!("Created imports");
+    // let ret = file.read_to_end(&mut wasm_binary).unwrap();
+    // trace!("Binary size {}", ret);
+    // // Load wasm binary and prepare it for instantiation.
+    // let module = wasmi::Module::from_buffer(&wasm_binary).expect("failed to load wasm");
+    // trace!("Loaded wasm binary");
+    // let imports = ImportsBuilder::new().with_resolver("env", &host_functions::HostExternals {});
+    // trace!("Created imports");
 
-    // Instantiate a module with empty imports and
-    // assert that there is no `start` function.
-    let instance = ModuleInstance::new(&module, &imports); // .expect("failed to instantiate wasm module")
+    // // Instantiate a module with empty imports and
+    // // assert that there is no `start` function.
+    // let instance = ModuleInstance::new(&module, &imports); // .expect("failed to instantiate wasm module")
 
-    match instance {
-        Ok(inst) => {
-            let instance = inst.assert_no_start();
-            let mut is_driver = false;
-            let _is_program = false;
-            let mut has_driver_entry = false;
-            let mut has_driver_exit = false;
-            let mut has_start = false;
+    // match instance {
+    //     Ok(inst) => {
+    //         let instance = inst.assert_no_start();
+    //         let mut is_driver = false;
+    //         let _is_program = false;
+    //         let mut has_driver_entry = false;
+    //         let mut has_driver_exit = false;
+    //         let mut has_start = false;
 
-            if let Some(_val) = instance.export_by_name("driver_entry") {
-                has_driver_entry = true;
-            }
+    //         if let Some(_val) = instance.export_by_name("driver_entry") {
+    //             has_driver_entry = true;
+    //         }
 
-            if let Some(_val) = instance.export_by_name("driver_exit") {
-                has_driver_exit = true;
-            }
+    //         if let Some(_val) = instance.export_by_name("driver_exit") {
+    //             has_driver_exit = true;
+    //         }
 
-            match instance.export_by_name("start") {
-                Some(_val) => {
-                    trace!("Program start function found");
-                    has_start = true;
-                }
-                None => debug!("No start function found"),
-            }
+    //         match instance.export_by_name("start") {
+    //             Some(_val) => {
+    //                 trace!("Program start function found");
+    //                 has_start = true;
+    //             }
+    //             None => debug!("No start function found"),
+    //         }
 
-            match instance.export_by_name("main") {
-                Some(_val) => {
-                    trace!("Program main function found");
-                    has_start = true;
-                }
-                None => debug!("No main function found"),
-            }
+    //         match instance.export_by_name("main") {
+    //             Some(_val) => {
+    //                 trace!("Program main function found");
+    //                 has_start = true;
+    //             }
+    //             None => debug!("No main function found"),
+    //         }
 
-            match (has_driver_entry, has_driver_exit) {
-                (true, true) => {
-                    trace!("Valid driver entry and exit functions found");
-                    is_driver = true;
-                }
-                (true, false) => error!("Driver entry function found but no driver exit function"),
-                (false, true) => error!("Driver exit function found but no driver entry function"),
-                (false, false) => {
-                    trace!("No driver entry or exit functions found");
-                }
-            }
+    //         match (has_driver_entry, has_driver_exit) {
+    //             (true, true) => {
+    //                 trace!("Valid driver entry and exit functions found");
+    //                 is_driver = true;
+    //             }
+    //             (true, false) => error!("Driver entry function found but no driver exit function"),
+    //             (false, true) => error!("Driver exit function found but no driver entry function"),
+    //             (false, false) => {
+    //                 trace!("No driver entry or exit functions found");
+    //             }
+    //         }
 
-            if has_start && has_driver_entry {
-                error!(
-                    "A program should not have both a start function and a driver entry function. It Will be treated as a program."
-                );
-            }
+    //         if has_start && has_driver_entry {
+    //             error!(
+    //                 "A program should not have both a start function and a driver entry function. It Will be treated as a program."
+    //             );
+    //         }
 
-            if has_start {
-                let ret = instance
-                    .invoke_export("start", &[], &mut HostExternals {})
-                    .expect("failed to execute export");
+    //         if has_start {
+    //             let ret = instance
+    //                 .invoke_export("start", &[], &mut HostExternals {})
+    //                 .expect("failed to execute export");
 
-                println!("collected wasm return value: {:?}", ret);
-            } else if is_driver {
-                let ret = instance
-                    .invoke_export("driver_entry", &[], &mut HostExternals {})
-                    .expect("failed to execute export");
+    //             println!("collected wasm return value: {:?}", ret);
+    //         } else if is_driver {
+    //             let ret = instance
+    //                 .invoke_export("driver_entry", &[], &mut HostExternals {})
+    //                 .expect("failed to execute export");
 
-                println!("collected wasm return value: {:?}", ret);
-            }
-        }
-        Err(err) => error!("{}", err),
-    }
+    //             println!("collected wasm return value: {:?}", ret);
+    //         }
+    //     }
+    //     Err(err) => error!("{}", err),
+    // }
 }
 
 pub fn run_program(program: &[u8]) {
diff --git a/ext2-rs/src/error.rs b/ext2-rs/src/error.rs
index 10cb16fd..f506ae9d 100644
--- a/ext2-rs/src/error.rs
+++ b/ext2-rs/src/error.rs
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ pub enum Error {
         /// inode name
         name: String,
     },
-    #[cfg(any(test, not(feature = "no_std")))]
-    Io { inner: io::Error },
+    // #[cfg(any(test, not(feature = "no_std")))]
+    // Io { inner: io::Error },
 }
 
 impl Display for Error {

From 52ff9f8a3c0a57f4654ee014c7f68e1a78cd58b0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 3 Aug 2022 19:39:09 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 04/20] vfs: remove name from VFS nodes

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs | 6 ++++++
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs  | 3 ---
 2 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index 831f4750..f1f071dc 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Umut İnan Erdoğan <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+
 use ext2::fs::Ext2;
 use ext2::sector::SectorSize;
 use ext2::volume::Volume;
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index 36f3e571..d2c629e0 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -31,9 +31,6 @@ where
 
 /// A VFS node, that can either be a file or a directory.
 pub struct FsNode {
-    // FIXME: move the file name into the directory listing to implement hard
-    //        links
-    name: String,
     flags: FsNodeFlags,
     length: u32, // in bytes
     inode: u32, // implementation specific identifier for the node

From 9ed5ffc521c9118fb8ac753983717b3eff3b0e96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 3 Aug 2022 19:45:04 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 05/20] vfs: FsNode::new()

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs | 28 ++++++++++++++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 22 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index d2c629e0..1f661c64 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -41,8 +41,24 @@ pub struct FsNode {
 }
 
 impl FsNode {
+    pub fn new(
+        flags: FsNodeFlags,
+        length: u32,
+        inode: u32,
+        device_handle: Handle,
+        ptr: Weak<FsNode>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            flags,
+            length,
+            inode,
+            device_handle,
+            ptr,
+        }
+    }
+
     // TODO: make this take flags
-    fn open(&self) -> Result<Handle> {
+    pub fn open(&self) -> Result<Handle> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
@@ -51,7 +67,7 @@ impl FsNode {
         device.open(self)
     }
 
-    fn close(&self) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn close(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
@@ -60,7 +76,7 @@ impl FsNode {
         device.close(self)
     }
 
-    fn read(&self, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
+    pub fn read(&self, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
@@ -69,7 +85,7 @@ impl FsNode {
         device.read(self, offset, size)
     }
 
-    fn write(&self, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn write(&self, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
@@ -78,7 +94,7 @@ impl FsNode {
         device.write(self, offset, buffer)
     }
 
-    fn read_dir(&self, index: u32) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
+    pub fn read_dir(&self, index: u32) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
@@ -87,7 +103,7 @@ impl FsNode {
         device.read_dir(self, index)
     }
 
-    fn find_dir(&self, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
+    pub fn find_dir(&self, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)

From aa3667714b23b53ff41ad4b5fc86e7df0a28b371 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 3 Aug 2022 20:30:05 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 06/20] vfs: documentation and a few minor changes

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs | 16 ++++++++++----
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs   | 12 +++++++---
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs    | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++-----
 ableos/src/kernel_state.rs      |  8 +++++--
 ableos/src/scratchpad.rs        | 39 ++++++++-------------------------
 5 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
index 827bd956..db6c8874 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
  */
 
 pub enum FsError {
-    UnsupportedOperation,
+    InodeNotFound,
     InvalidDevice,
+    UnsupportedOperation,
 }
 
 impl Into<FsError> for ext2::error::Error {
@@ -15,9 +16,16 @@ impl Into<FsError> for ext2::error::Error {
             ext2::error::Error::Other(_) => todo!(),
             ext2::error::Error::BadMagic { magic: _ } => todo!(),
             ext2::error::Error::OutOfBounds { index: _ } => todo!(),
-            ext2::error::Error::AddressOutOfBounds { sector: _, offset: _, size: _ } => todo!(),
-            ext2::error::Error::BadBlockGroupCount { by_blocks: _, by_inodes: _ } => todo!(),
-            ext2::error::Error::InodeNotFound { inode: _ } => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::AddressOutOfBounds {
+                sector: _,
+                offset: _,
+                size: _,
+            } => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::BadBlockGroupCount {
+                by_blocks: _,
+                by_inodes: _,
+            } => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::InodeNotFound { inode: _ } => FsError::InodeNotFound,
             ext2::error::Error::NotADirectory { inode: _, name: _ } => todo!(),
             ext2::error::Error::NotAbsolute { name: _ } => todo!(),
             ext2::error::Error::NotFound { name: _ } => todo!(),
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index f1f071dc..b1ad1c98 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -4,10 +4,11 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
  */
 
-use ext2::fs::Ext2;
+use ext2::fs::{sync::Synced, Ext2};
 use ext2::sector::SectorSize;
 use ext2::volume::Volume;
 
+use super::errors::FsError;
 use super::{FsResult as Result, StorageDevice};
 
 pub struct Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ where
     S: SectorSize,
     V: Volume<u8, S>,
 {
-    fs: Ext2<S, V>,
+    fs: Synced<Ext2<S, V>>,
 }
 
 impl<S, V> Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ where
 {
     pub fn new(volume: V) -> Result<Self> {
         Ok(Self {
-            fs: Ext2::new(volume).map_err(|e| e.into())?,
+            fs: Synced::new(volume).map_err(|e| e.into())?,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -36,6 +37,11 @@ where
     V: Volume<u8, S> + Send,
 {
     fn open(&self, node: &super::FsNode /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<crate::handle::Handle> {
+        let inode = self
+            .fs
+            .inode_nth(node.inode as usize)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
+
         todo!()
     }
 
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index 1f661c64..f62122c7 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -30,14 +30,19 @@ where
 }
 
 /// A VFS node, that can either be a file or a directory.
+///
+/// VFS nodes are created whenever a file that doesn't have an open VFS node is
+/// opened. When there are no open file descriptors to a file, the associated
+/// VFS node is dropped.
 pub struct FsNode {
     flags: FsNodeFlags,
-    length: u32, // in bytes
-    inode: u32, // implementation specific identifier for the node
+    length: u32,           // in bytes
+    fd_count: u32,         // count of open file descriptors
+    inode: u32,            // implementation specific identifier for the node
     device_handle: Handle, // uniquely assigned device handle
-    ptr: Weak<FsNode>, // used by mountpoints and symlinks
-    // todo: permissions mask
-    // todo: owning user/group
+    ptr: Weak<FsNode>,     // used by mountpoints and symlinks
+                           // todo: permissions mask
+                           // todo: owning user/group
 }
 
 impl FsNode {
@@ -51,12 +56,14 @@ impl FsNode {
         Self {
             flags,
             length,
+            fd_count: 0,
             inode,
             device_handle,
             ptr,
         }
     }
 
+    /// This method opens a new file descriptor for this VFS node.
     // TODO: make this take flags
     pub fn open(&self) -> Result<Handle> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
@@ -67,6 +74,8 @@ impl FsNode {
         device.open(self)
     }
 
+    /// This method is for closing the VFS node, which is done when no open file
+    /// descriptors for this file are left.
     pub fn close(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
@@ -76,6 +85,9 @@ impl FsNode {
         device.close(self)
     }
 
+    /// This method reads from the VFS node without opening a new file
+    /// descriptor. This is intended to be used internally, if you're trying to
+    /// read a file then you probably want to read from a file descriptor.
     pub fn read(&self, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
@@ -85,6 +97,9 @@ impl FsNode {
         device.read(self, offset, size)
     }
 
+    /// This method writes to the VFS node without opening a new file
+    /// descriptor. This is intended to be used internally, if you're trying to
+    /// write to a file then you probably want to write to a file descriptor.
     pub fn write(&self, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
@@ -115,7 +130,7 @@ impl FsNode {
 
 bitflags! {
     /// Flags associated with VFS nodes.
-    /// 
+    ///
     /// 0x00000MST
     /// T is set to 0 for files, 1 for directories
     /// S is set when the node is a symbolic link
@@ -128,6 +143,9 @@ bitflags! {
     }
 }
 
+/// A file descriptor.
+pub struct FileDescriptor {}
+
 pub struct DirectoryEntry {
     name: String,
     inode: u32,
diff --git a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
index 25b27f48..29fcda5f 100644
--- a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use spin::Lazy;
 
-use crate::{handle::{Handle, HandleResource}, filesystem::StorageDevice};
+use crate::{
+    filesystem::StorageDevice,
+    handle::{Handle, HandleResource},
+};
 
 pub static KERNEL_STATE: Lazy<spin::Mutex<KernelInternalState>> =
     Lazy::new(|| spin::Mutex::new(KernelInternalState::new()));
@@ -26,7 +29,8 @@ impl KernelInternalState {
     }
 
     pub fn add_storage_device(&mut self, device: impl StorageDevice + Send + 'static) {
-        self.storage_devices.insert(Handle::new(HandleResource::StorageDevice), Box::new(device));
+        self.storage_devices
+            .insert(Handle::new(HandleResource::StorageDevice), Box::new(device));
     }
 
     pub fn get_storage_device(&self, handle: Handle) -> Option<&dyn StorageDevice> {
diff --git a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
index 00056064..b7b7fe6e 100644
--- a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ use crate::systeminfo::{KERNEL_VERSION, RELEASE_TYPE};
 use crate::time::fetch_time;
 use crate::KERNEL_STATE;
 use crate::{
-    arch::shutdown, rhai_shell::KEYBUFF, vterm::Term,
+    arch::shutdown,
+    rhai_shell::KEYBUFF,
+    vterm::Term,
     // wasm_jumploader::run_program,
 };
 
@@ -231,19 +233,12 @@ pub fn command_parser(user: String, command: String) {
         //     }
         // }
 
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-        "echo" => match conf_args.1.arguments.get("p") {
-            Some(path) => echo_file(path.to_string(), fs),
+        // "echo" => match conf_args.1.arguments.get("p") {
+        //     Some(path) => echo_file(path.to_string(), fs),
 
-            None => println!("No path provided"),
-        },
-        "test" => {}
-=======
-        // "echo" => {
-        //     echo_file(iter.next().unwrap().to_string(), fs);
+        //     None => println!("No path provided"),
         // }
->>>>>>> 5149f26... vfs: move operations into trait StorageDevice, hold StorageDevices in KERNEL_STATE
-
+        "test" => {}
         "quit" => shutdown(),
 
         _ => {
@@ -263,23 +258,8 @@ pub fn command_parser(user: String, command: String) {
             //                 Ok(file) => file,
             //                 Err(error) => {
             //                     trace!("{:?}", error);
-                                println!("No such binary: {}", bin_name);
-                                error!("No such binary: {}", bin_name);
-                                return;
-<<<<<<< HEAD
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            };
-
-            let mut binary = vec![];
-            file.read_to_end(&mut binary).unwrap();
-
-            // let args = iter.collect::<Vec<&str>>();
-            // println!("{:?}", args);
-            run_program(&binary);
-=======
+            println!("No such binary: {}", bin_name);
+            error!("No such binary: {}", bin_name);
             //                 }
             //             }
             //         }
@@ -292,7 +272,6 @@ pub fn command_parser(user: String, command: String) {
             // let args = iter.collect::<Vec<&str>>();
             // println!("{:?}", args);
             // run_program(&binary);
->>>>>>> 5149f26... vfs: move operations into trait StorageDevice, hold StorageDevices in KERNEL_STATE
         }
     }
 }

From cdb6632f989a46e5b9500960e5dbf830a2cbbef5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 3 Aug 2022 21:16:18 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 07/20] vfs+ext2: full implementation of FsNode::open()

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs | 14 +++----
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs  | 70 +++++++++++++++++++++++------------
 ableos/src/kernel_state.rs    | 17 +++++++--
 3 files changed, 66 insertions(+), 35 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index b1ad1c98..1430d2a0 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use ext2::sector::SectorSize;
 use ext2::volume::Volume;
 
 use super::errors::FsError;
-use super::{FsResult as Result, StorageDevice};
+use super::{FsResult as Result, StorageDevice, DirectoryEntry, FsNode, FileDescriptor};
 
 pub struct Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
 where
@@ -36,32 +36,32 @@ where
     S: SectorSize + Send,
     V: Volume<u8, S> + Send,
 {
-    fn open(&self, node: &super::FsNode /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<crate::handle::Handle> {
+    fn open(&self, node: &super::FsNode /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<FileDescriptor> {
         let inode = self
             .fs
             .inode_nth(node.inode as usize)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
 
-        todo!()
+        Ok(FileDescriptor::new(node.flags, inode.size(), node.inode))
     }
 
     fn close(&self, node: &super::FsNode) -> Result<()> {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn read(&self, node: &super::FsNode, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
+    fn read(&self, node: &super::FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn write(&self, node: &super::FsNode, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
+    fn write(&self, node: &super::FsNode, offset: usize, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn read_dir(&self, node: &super::FsNode, index: u32) -> Result<super::DirectoryEntry> {
+    fn read_dir(&self, node: &super::FsNode, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn find_dir(&self, node: &super::FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<super::FsNode> {
+    fn find_dir(&self, node: &super::FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
         todo!()
     }
 }
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index f62122c7..2217d192 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ pub trait StorageDevice
 where
     Self: Send,
 {
-    fn open(&self, node: &FsNode /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<Handle>;
+    fn open(&self, node: &FsNode /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<FileDescriptor>;
     fn close(&self, node: &FsNode) -> Result<()>;
-    fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>>;
-    fn write(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()>;
-    fn read_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, index: u32) -> Result<DirectoryEntry>;
+    fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize) -> Result<Box<[u8]>>;
+    fn write(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()>;
+    fn read_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry>;
     fn find_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode>;
 }
 
@@ -35,21 +35,21 @@ where
 /// opened. When there are no open file descriptors to a file, the associated
 /// VFS node is dropped.
 pub struct FsNode {
-    flags: FsNodeFlags,
-    length: u32,           // in bytes
-    fd_count: u32,         // count of open file descriptors
-    inode: u32,            // implementation specific identifier for the node
+    flags: FsFlags,
+    length: usize,         // in bytes
+    fd_count: usize,       // count of open file descriptors
+    inode: usize,          // implementation specific identifier for the node
     device_handle: Handle, // uniquely assigned device handle
     ptr: Weak<FsNode>,     // used by mountpoints and symlinks
-                           // todo: permissions mask
-                           // todo: owning user/group
+                           // TODO: permissions mask
+                           // TODO: owning user/group
 }
 
 impl FsNode {
     pub fn new(
-        flags: FsNodeFlags,
-        length: u32,
-        inode: u32,
+        flags: FsFlags,
+        length: usize,
+        inode: usize,
         device_handle: Handle,
         ptr: Weak<FsNode>,
     ) -> Self {
@@ -65,13 +65,16 @@ impl FsNode {
 
     /// This method opens a new file descriptor for this VFS node.
     // TODO: make this take flags
-    pub fn open(&self) -> Result<Handle> {
+    pub fn open(&mut self) -> Result<Handle> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
+        let fd = device.open(self)?;
+        let mut kernel_state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        let handle = kernel_state.add_file_descriptor(fd);
 
-        device.open(self)
+        Ok(handle)
     }
 
     /// This method is for closing the VFS node, which is done when no open file
@@ -88,7 +91,7 @@ impl FsNode {
     /// This method reads from the VFS node without opening a new file
     /// descriptor. This is intended to be used internally, if you're trying to
     /// read a file then you probably want to read from a file descriptor.
-    pub fn read(&self, offset: u32, size: u32) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
+    pub fn read(&self, offset: usize, size: usize) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
@@ -100,7 +103,7 @@ impl FsNode {
     /// This method writes to the VFS node without opening a new file
     /// descriptor. This is intended to be used internally, if you're trying to
     /// write to a file then you probably want to write to a file descriptor.
-    pub fn write(&self, offset: u32, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn write(&self, offset: usize, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ impl FsNode {
         device.write(self, offset, buffer)
     }
 
-    pub fn read_dir(&self, index: u32) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
+    pub fn read_dir(&self, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
@@ -129,13 +132,13 @@ impl FsNode {
 }
 
 bitflags! {
-    /// Flags associated with VFS nodes.
+    /// Flags associated with VFS nodes and file descriptors
     ///
     /// 0x00000MST
     /// T is set to 0 for files, 1 for directories
-    /// S is set when the node is a symbolic link
-    /// M is set if the node is an active mount point
-    pub struct FsNodeFlags: u8 {
+    /// S is set when the file is a symbolic link
+    /// M is set if the file is an active mount point
+    pub struct FsFlags: u8 {
         const FILE = 0b00000000;
         const DIRECTORY = 0b00000001;
         const SYMBOLIC_LINK = 0b00000010;
@@ -144,9 +147,28 @@ bitflags! {
 }
 
 /// A file descriptor.
-pub struct FileDescriptor {}
+pub struct FileDescriptor {
+    flags: FsFlags,
+    length: usize, // in bytes
+    inode: usize, // implementation specific identifier for the node
+    // TODO: permissions mask
+    // TODO: owning user/group
+    // TODO: read file position?
+    // FIXME: I'm not sure if this needs to have a ptr to the VFS node,
+    //        figure that out.
+}
+
+impl FileDescriptor {
+    fn new(flags: FsFlags, length: usize, inode: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            flags,
+            length,
+            inode,
+        }
+    }
+}
 
 pub struct DirectoryEntry {
     name: String,
-    inode: u32,
+    inode: usize,
 }
diff --git a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
index 29fcda5f..b66db2e1 100644
--- a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use spin::Lazy;
 
 use crate::{
-    filesystem::StorageDevice,
+    filesystem::{StorageDevice, FileDescriptor},
     handle::{Handle, HandleResource},
 };
 
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ pub static KERNEL_STATE: Lazy<spin::Mutex<KernelInternalState>> =
 pub struct KernelInternalState {
     pub hostname: String,
     storage_devices: HashMap<Handle, Box<dyn StorageDevice>>,
+    fd_table: HashMap<Handle, FileDescriptor>,
     should_shutdown: bool,
 }
 
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@ impl KernelInternalState {
         Self {
             should_shutdown: false,
             storage_devices: HashMap::new(),
+            fd_table: HashMap::new(),
             hostname: "".to_string(),
         }
     }
@@ -28,15 +30,22 @@ impl KernelInternalState {
         self.hostname = hostname;
     }
 
-    pub fn add_storage_device(&mut self, device: impl StorageDevice + Send + 'static) {
-        self.storage_devices
-            .insert(Handle::new(HandleResource::StorageDevice), Box::new(device));
+    pub fn add_storage_device(&mut self, device: impl StorageDevice + Send + 'static) -> Handle {
+        let handle = Handle::new(HandleResource::StorageDevice);
+        self.storage_devices.insert(handle, Box::new(device));
+        handle
     }
 
     pub fn get_storage_device(&self, handle: Handle) -> Option<&dyn StorageDevice> {
         self.storage_devices.get(&handle).map(|d| &**d)
     }
 
+    pub fn add_file_descriptor(&mut self, fd: FileDescriptor) -> Handle {
+        let handle = Handle::new(HandleResource::FileDescriptor);
+        self.fd_table.insert(handle, fd);
+        handle
+    }
+
     pub fn shutdown(&mut self) {
         self.should_shutdown = true;
     }

From 2a163a55ee90c0fb7cc1336d8a4129d9f46bfcd6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 3 Aug 2022 21:17:28 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 08/20] vfs: rename FsNode::close() to FsNode::release()

FsNode::close() will instead become a method that takes a closes a file descriptor, while release() will close the whole VFS node.
---
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs | 2 +-
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs  | 6 +++---
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index 1430d2a0..9277b87a 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ where
         Ok(FileDescriptor::new(node.flags, inode.size(), node.inode))
     }
 
-    fn close(&self, node: &super::FsNode) -> Result<()> {
+    fn release(&self, node: &super::FsNode) -> Result<()> {
         todo!()
     }
 
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index 2217d192..7bd17554 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ where
     Self: Send,
 {
     fn open(&self, node: &FsNode /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<FileDescriptor>;
-    fn close(&self, node: &FsNode) -> Result<()>;
+    fn release(&self, node: &FsNode) -> Result<()>;
     fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize) -> Result<Box<[u8]>>;
     fn write(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()>;
     fn read_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry>;
@@ -79,13 +79,13 @@ impl FsNode {
 
     /// This method is for closing the VFS node, which is done when no open file
     /// descriptors for this file are left.
-    pub fn close(&self) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn release(&self) -> Result<()> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
 
-        device.close(self)
+        device.release(self)
     }
 
     /// This method reads from the VFS node without opening a new file

From 600a81adf7945b3a5b9555cba8e5425cea8718c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 09:01:34 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 09/20] vfs: FsNode::release() implementation and weak ref to
 VFS node in file descriptors

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs | 24 +++++++-------
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs  | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 ableos/src/kernel_state.rs    |  8 +++--
 3 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 33 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index 9277b87a..c983dec7 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -4,12 +4,13 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
  */
 
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use ext2::fs::{sync::Synced, Ext2};
 use ext2::sector::SectorSize;
 use ext2::volume::Volume;
 
 use super::errors::FsError;
-use super::{FsResult as Result, StorageDevice, DirectoryEntry, FsNode, FileDescriptor};
+use super::{DirectoryEntry, FileDescriptor, FsNode, FsResult as Result, StorageDevice};
 
 pub struct Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
 where
@@ -36,32 +37,33 @@ where
     S: SectorSize + Send,
     V: Volume<u8, S> + Send,
 {
-    fn open(&self, node: &super::FsNode /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<FileDescriptor> {
+    fn open(&self, node: Arc<FsNode> /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<FileDescriptor> {
         let inode = self
             .fs
             .inode_nth(node.inode as usize)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
 
-        Ok(FileDescriptor::new(node.flags, inode.size(), node.inode))
+        Ok(FileDescriptor::new(Arc::downgrade(&node), node.flags, inode.size(), node.inode))
     }
 
-    fn release(&self, node: &super::FsNode) -> Result<()> {
+    fn release(&self, _node: FsNode) -> Result<()> {
+        // TODO: flush to disk and whatnot
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn read(&self, _node: &FsNode, _offset: usize, _size: usize) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn read(&self, node: &super::FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
+    fn write(&self, _node: &FsNode, _offset: usize, _buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn write(&self, node: &super::FsNode, offset: usize, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
+    fn read_dir(&self, _node: &FsNode, _index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn read_dir(&self, node: &super::FsNode, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
-        todo!()
-    }
-
-    fn find_dir(&self, node: &super::FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
+    fn find_dir(&self, _node: &FsNode, _name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
         todo!()
     }
 }
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index 7bd17554..78f7d307 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 pub mod errors;
 pub mod ext2;
 
-use alloc::rc::Weak;
+use alloc::sync::{Weak, Arc};
 use bitflags::bitflags;
 
 use crate::{handle::Handle, KERNEL_STATE};
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ pub trait StorageDevice
 where
     Self: Send,
 {
-    fn open(&self, node: &FsNode /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<FileDescriptor>;
-    fn release(&self, node: &FsNode) -> Result<()>;
+    fn open(&self, node: Arc<FsNode> /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<FileDescriptor>;
+    fn release(&self, node: FsNode) -> Result<()>;
     fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize) -> Result<Box<[u8]>>;
     fn write(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()>;
     fn read_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry>;
@@ -34,10 +34,10 @@ where
 /// VFS nodes are created whenever a file that doesn't have an open VFS node is
 /// opened. When there are no open file descriptors to a file, the associated
 /// VFS node is dropped.
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct FsNode {
     flags: FsFlags,
     length: usize,         // in bytes
-    fd_count: usize,       // count of open file descriptors
     inode: usize,          // implementation specific identifier for the node
     device_handle: Handle, // uniquely assigned device handle
     ptr: Weak<FsNode>,     // used by mountpoints and symlinks
@@ -56,7 +56,6 @@ impl FsNode {
         Self {
             flags,
             length,
-            fd_count: 0,
             inode,
             device_handle,
             ptr,
@@ -65,27 +64,31 @@ impl FsNode {
 
     /// This method opens a new file descriptor for this VFS node.
     // TODO: make this take flags
-    pub fn open(&mut self) -> Result<Handle> {
-        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+    pub fn open(self: Arc<Self>) -> Result<Handle> {
+        let mut state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
         let fd = device.open(self)?;
-        let mut kernel_state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
-        let handle = kernel_state.add_file_descriptor(fd);
+        let handle = state.open_file_descriptor(fd);
 
         Ok(handle)
     }
 
-    /// This method is for closing the VFS node, which is done when no open file
-    /// descriptors for this file are left.
-    pub fn release(&self) -> Result<()> {
+    /// This method is for closing the VFS node, which is usually done when no
+    /// open file descriptors for this file are left. File descriptors have
+    /// weak references to the VFS node, meaning it is okay to close the VFS
+    /// node before all file descriptors are closed.
+    pub fn release(self) -> Result<()> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
 
-        device.release(self)
+        device.release(self)?;
+        // self is moved into device.release, and at the end of it, self should
+        // be dropped.
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     /// This method reads from the VFS node without opening a new file
@@ -131,6 +134,12 @@ impl FsNode {
     }
 }
 
+impl Drop for FsNode {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        trace!("dropping: {self:#?}")
+    }
+}
+
 bitflags! {
     /// Flags associated with VFS nodes and file descriptors
     ///
@@ -147,25 +156,38 @@ bitflags! {
 }
 
 /// A file descriptor.
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct FileDescriptor {
+    vfs_node: Weak<FsNode>, // ptr to the associated VFS node
     flags: FsFlags,
     length: usize, // in bytes
-    inode: usize, // implementation specific identifier for the node
-    // TODO: permissions mask
-    // TODO: owning user/group
-    // TODO: read file position?
-    // FIXME: I'm not sure if this needs to have a ptr to the VFS node,
-    //        figure that out.
+    inode: usize,  // implementation specific identifier for the node
+                   // TODO: permissions mask
+                   // TODO: owning user/group
+                   // TODO: read file position?
 }
 
 impl FileDescriptor {
-    fn new(flags: FsFlags, length: usize, inode: usize) -> Self {
+    fn new(vfs_node: Weak<FsNode>, flags: FsFlags, length: usize, inode: usize) -> Self {
         Self {
+            vfs_node,
             flags,
             length,
             inode,
         }
     }
+
+    /// This method is for closing the file descriptor.
+    pub fn close(fd_handle: Handle) {
+        let mut state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        state.close_file_descriptor(fd_handle);
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for FileDescriptor {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        trace!("dropping: {self:#?}")
+    }
 }
 
 pub struct DirectoryEntry {
diff --git a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
index b66db2e1..2ca4bcdc 100644
--- a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use spin::Lazy;
 
 use crate::{
-    filesystem::{StorageDevice, FileDescriptor},
+    filesystem::{FileDescriptor, StorageDevice},
     handle::{Handle, HandleResource},
 };
 
@@ -40,12 +40,16 @@ impl KernelInternalState {
         self.storage_devices.get(&handle).map(|d| &**d)
     }
 
-    pub fn add_file_descriptor(&mut self, fd: FileDescriptor) -> Handle {
+    pub fn open_file_descriptor(&mut self, fd: FileDescriptor) -> Handle {
         let handle = Handle::new(HandleResource::FileDescriptor);
         self.fd_table.insert(handle, fd);
         handle
     }
 
+    pub fn close_file_descriptor(&mut self, fd_handle: Handle) {
+        self.fd_table.remove(&fd_handle);
+    }
+
     pub fn shutdown(&mut self) {
         self.should_shutdown = true;
     }

From 91c1783b99ca66362f304f0d515b277b630785d0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 10:19:35 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 10/20] vfs+ext2: initial FsNode::read() implementation

The VFS side of things for read() should be done, however due to my
limited ext2 knowledge, I've not implemented partially reading a file,
and in this state only full files can be read.
---
 ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs |  2 ++
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs   | 19 ++++++++++++++++---
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs    | 27 ++++++++++++++++++++++-----
 3 files changed, 40 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
index db6c8874..4e54c84c 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 pub enum FsError {
     InodeNotFound,
     InvalidDevice,
+    IsDirectory,
+    EndOfFile,
     UnsupportedOperation,
 }
 
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index c983dec7..bf590c4a 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -51,11 +51,24 @@ where
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn read(&self, _node: &FsNode, _offset: usize, _size: usize) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
-        todo!()
+    fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<()> {
+        let inode = self
+            .fs
+            .inode_nth(node.inode as usize)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
+
+        // FIXME: I don't really know how Ext2 works, so for now we don't
+        //        support non-zero offsets and buffer sizes that don't match
+        //        the file length. We always read the whole file.
+        if offset > 0 || size != inode.size() {
+            Err(FsError::UnsupportedOperation)?;
+        }
+
+        inode.read_to_end(buffer).map_err(|e| e.into())?;
+        Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn write(&self, _node: &FsNode, _offset: usize, _buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
+    fn write(&self, _node: &FsNode, _offset: usize, _buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
         todo!()
     }
 
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index 78f7d307..96be6596 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 pub mod errors;
 pub mod ext2;
 
+use core::cmp;
+
 use alloc::sync::{Weak, Arc};
 use bitflags::bitflags;
 
@@ -17,14 +19,15 @@ use FsResult as Result;
 
 pub type FsResult<T> = core::result::Result<T, FsError>;
 
+/// The methods on this trait are to be used internally.
 pub trait StorageDevice
 where
     Self: Send,
 {
     fn open(&self, node: Arc<FsNode> /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<FileDescriptor>;
     fn release(&self, node: FsNode) -> Result<()>;
-    fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize) -> Result<Box<[u8]>>;
-    fn write(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()>;
+    fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<()>;
+    fn write(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<()>;
     fn read_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry>;
     fn find_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode>;
 }
@@ -94,19 +97,29 @@ impl FsNode {
     /// This method reads from the VFS node without opening a new file
     /// descriptor. This is intended to be used internally, if you're trying to
     /// read a file then you probably want to read from a file descriptor.
-    pub fn read(&self, offset: usize, size: usize) -> Result<Box<[u8]>> {
+    pub fn read(&self, offset: usize, size: usize, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
 
-        device.read(self, offset, size)
+        if self.is_dir() {
+            Err(FsError::IsDirectory)?;
+        }
+
+        if offset > self.length {
+            Err(FsError::EndOfFile)?;
+        }
+
+        let readable_size = cmp::min(size, self.length - offset);
+        device.read(self, offset, readable_size, buffer)?;
+        Ok(readable_size)
     }
 
     /// This method writes to the VFS node without opening a new file
     /// descriptor. This is intended to be used internally, if you're trying to
     /// write to a file then you probably want to write to a file descriptor.
-    pub fn write(&self, offset: usize, buffer: Box<[u8]>) -> Result<()> {
+    pub fn write(&self, offset: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
@@ -132,6 +145,10 @@ impl FsNode {
 
         device.find_dir(self, name)
     }
+
+    pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool {
+        (self.flags & FsFlags::DIRECTORY) == FsFlags::DIRECTORY
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for FsNode {

From 8c9521e893993d5177dd2307b28eeccad4f30ab6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 13:19:05 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 11/20] VFS: simplify everything

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs | 17 +---------
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs  | 63 +++--------------------------------
 ableos/src/kernel_state.rs    | 34 +++++++++++++++----
 3 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 82 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index bf590c4a..adcc0ebc 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -4,13 +4,12 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
  */
 
-use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use ext2::fs::{sync::Synced, Ext2};
 use ext2::sector::SectorSize;
 use ext2::volume::Volume;
 
 use super::errors::FsError;
-use super::{DirectoryEntry, FileDescriptor, FsNode, FsResult as Result, StorageDevice};
+use super::{DirectoryEntry, FsNode, FsResult as Result, StorageDevice};
 
 pub struct Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
 where
@@ -37,20 +36,6 @@ where
     S: SectorSize + Send,
     V: Volume<u8, S> + Send,
 {
-    fn open(&self, node: Arc<FsNode> /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<FileDescriptor> {
-        let inode = self
-            .fs
-            .inode_nth(node.inode as usize)
-            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
-
-        Ok(FileDescriptor::new(Arc::downgrade(&node), node.flags, inode.size(), node.inode))
-    }
-
-    fn release(&self, _node: FsNode) -> Result<()> {
-        // TODO: flush to disk and whatnot
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<()> {
         let inode = self
             .fs
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index 96be6596..8793191c 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -24,12 +24,11 @@ pub trait StorageDevice
 where
     Self: Send,
 {
-    fn open(&self, node: Arc<FsNode> /* TODO: flags */) -> Result<FileDescriptor>;
-    fn release(&self, node: FsNode) -> Result<()>;
     fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<()>;
     fn write(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<()>;
     fn read_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry>;
     fn find_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode>;
+    // TODO: flush to disk
 }
 
 /// A VFS node, that can either be a file or a directory.
@@ -69,31 +68,11 @@ impl FsNode {
     // TODO: make this take flags
     pub fn open(self: Arc<Self>) -> Result<Handle> {
         let mut state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
-        let device = state
-            .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
-            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
-        let fd = device.open(self)?;
-        let handle = state.open_file_descriptor(fd);
+        let handle = state.open_file_descriptor(self);
 
         Ok(handle)
     }
 
-    /// This method is for closing the VFS node, which is usually done when no
-    /// open file descriptors for this file are left. File descriptors have
-    /// weak references to the VFS node, meaning it is okay to close the VFS
-    /// node before all file descriptors are closed.
-    pub fn release(self) -> Result<()> {
-        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
-        let device = state
-            .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
-            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
-
-        device.release(self)?;
-        // self is moved into device.release, and at the end of it, self should
-        // be dropped.
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
     /// This method reads from the VFS node without opening a new file
     /// descriptor. This is intended to be used internally, if you're trying to
     /// read a file then you probably want to read from a file descriptor.
@@ -153,7 +132,8 @@ impl FsNode {
 
 impl Drop for FsNode {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        trace!("dropping: {self:#?}")
+        trace!("dropping VFS node: {self:#?}");
+        // TODO: flush to disk here
     }
 }
 
@@ -172,41 +152,6 @@ bitflags! {
     }
 }
 
-/// A file descriptor.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct FileDescriptor {
-    vfs_node: Weak<FsNode>, // ptr to the associated VFS node
-    flags: FsFlags,
-    length: usize, // in bytes
-    inode: usize,  // implementation specific identifier for the node
-                   // TODO: permissions mask
-                   // TODO: owning user/group
-                   // TODO: read file position?
-}
-
-impl FileDescriptor {
-    fn new(vfs_node: Weak<FsNode>, flags: FsFlags, length: usize, inode: usize) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            vfs_node,
-            flags,
-            length,
-            inode,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// This method is for closing the file descriptor.
-    pub fn close(fd_handle: Handle) {
-        let mut state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
-        state.close_file_descriptor(fd_handle);
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for FileDescriptor {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        trace!("dropping: {self:#?}")
-    }
-}
-
 pub struct DirectoryEntry {
     name: String,
     inode: usize,
diff --git a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
index 2ca4bcdc..4cb69363 100644
--- a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use spin::Lazy;
 
 use crate::{
-    filesystem::{FileDescriptor, StorageDevice},
+    filesystem::{StorageDevice, FsNode},
     handle::{Handle, HandleResource},
 };
 
@@ -12,7 +13,8 @@ pub static KERNEL_STATE: Lazy<spin::Mutex<KernelInternalState>> =
 pub struct KernelInternalState {
     pub hostname: String,
     storage_devices: HashMap<Handle, Box<dyn StorageDevice>>,
-    fd_table: HashMap<Handle, FileDescriptor>,
+    // FIXME: should this be per-process?
+    file_table: HashMap<Handle, FileTableEntry>,
     should_shutdown: bool,
 }
 
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ impl KernelInternalState {
         Self {
             should_shutdown: false,
             storage_devices: HashMap::new(),
-            fd_table: HashMap::new(),
+            file_table: HashMap::new(),
             hostname: "".to_string(),
         }
     }
@@ -40,14 +42,19 @@ impl KernelInternalState {
         self.storage_devices.get(&handle).map(|d| &**d)
     }
 
-    pub fn open_file_descriptor(&mut self, fd: FileDescriptor) -> Handle {
+    // TODO: implement flags here
+    pub fn open_file_descriptor(&mut self, fs_node: Arc<FsNode>) -> Handle {
         let handle = Handle::new(HandleResource::FileDescriptor);
-        self.fd_table.insert(handle, fd);
+        self.file_table.insert(handle, FileTableEntry::new(fs_node));
         handle
     }
 
-    pub fn close_file_descriptor(&mut self, fd_handle: Handle) {
-        self.fd_table.remove(&fd_handle);
+    pub fn get_file_descriptor(&self, handle: Handle) -> Option<&FileTableEntry> {
+        self.file_table.get(&handle)
+    }
+
+    pub fn close_file_descriptor(&mut self, handle: Handle) {
+        self.file_table.remove(&handle);
     }
 
     pub fn shutdown(&mut self) {
@@ -66,3 +73,16 @@ impl Default for KernelInternalState {
         Self::new()
     }
 }
+
+pub struct FileTableEntry {
+    fs_node: Arc<FsNode>,
+    // TODO: permissions, flags, owner, maybe cache stuff here?
+}
+
+impl FileTableEntry {
+    fn new(fs_node: Arc<FsNode>) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            fs_node
+        }
+    }
+}

From e21b34a3e76f3638e4f3fb871536ee4b22f93bb7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 13:31:29 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 12/20] Ext2: read_dir implementation

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs |  5 +++--
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs   | 13 +++++++++++--
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs    |  9 +++++++++
 3 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
index 4e54c84c..23864691 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
@@ -5,10 +5,11 @@
  */
 
 pub enum FsError {
+    EndOfFile,
     InodeNotFound,
     InvalidDevice,
     IsDirectory,
-    EndOfFile,
+    NotADirectory,
     UnsupportedOperation,
 }
 
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ impl Into<FsError> for ext2::error::Error {
                 by_inodes: _,
             } => todo!(),
             ext2::error::Error::InodeNotFound { inode: _ } => FsError::InodeNotFound,
-            ext2::error::Error::NotADirectory { inode: _, name: _ } => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::NotADirectory { inode: _, name: _ } => FsError::NotADirectory,
             ext2::error::Error::NotAbsolute { name: _ } => todo!(),
             ext2::error::Error::NotFound { name: _ } => todo!(),
         }
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index adcc0ebc..0d351da2 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -57,8 +57,17 @@ where
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn read_dir(&self, _node: &FsNode, _index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
-        todo!()
+    fn read_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
+        let inode = self
+            .fs
+            .inode_nth(node.inode as usize)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
+        let mut dir = inode.directory().ok_or_else(|| FsError::NotADirectory)?;
+        let entry = dir.nth(index)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?
+            .map_err(|e| e.into())?;
+
+        Ok(DirectoryEntry::new(entry.file_name_string(), entry.inode))
     }
 
     fn find_dir(&self, _node: &FsNode, _name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index 8793191c..dabf90d5 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -156,3 +156,12 @@ pub struct DirectoryEntry {
     name: String,
     inode: usize,
 }
+
+impl DirectoryEntry {
+    fn new(name: String, inode: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            name,
+            inode,
+        }
+    }
+}

From 52cd72a949d164f6e91cd3a4573202ca1652ae74 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 13:56:37 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 13/20] Ext2: find_dir implementation

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs |  3 +-
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs   | 62 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs    | 13 +++----
 ableos/src/kernel_state.rs      |  6 ++--
 ext2-rs/src/fs/sync.rs          |  7 ++++
 5 files changed, 73 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
index 23864691..49a08b05 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ pub enum FsError {
     InvalidDevice,
     IsDirectory,
     NotADirectory,
+    NotFound,
     UnsupportedOperation,
 }
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ impl Into<FsError> for ext2::error::Error {
             ext2::error::Error::InodeNotFound { inode: _ } => FsError::InodeNotFound,
             ext2::error::Error::NotADirectory { inode: _, name: _ } => FsError::NotADirectory,
             ext2::error::Error::NotAbsolute { name: _ } => todo!(),
-            ext2::error::Error::NotFound { name: _ } => todo!(),
+            ext2::error::Error::NotFound { name: _ } => FsError::NotFound,
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index 0d351da2..d0163a7e 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -4,12 +4,16 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
  */
 
+use alloc::sync::Weak;
 use ext2::fs::{sync::Synced, Ext2};
 use ext2::sector::SectorSize;
+use ext2::sys::inode::TypePerm;
 use ext2::volume::Volume;
 
+use crate::handle::Handle;
+
 use super::errors::FsError;
-use super::{DirectoryEntry, FsNode, FsResult as Result, StorageDevice};
+use super::{DirectoryEntry, FsFlags, FsNode, FsResult as Result, StorageDevice};
 
 pub struct Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
 where
@@ -17,6 +21,7 @@ where
     V: Volume<u8, S>,
 {
     fs: Synced<Ext2<S, V>>,
+    device_handle: Handle,
 }
 
 impl<S, V> Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
@@ -24,9 +29,10 @@ where
     S: SectorSize,
     V: Volume<u8, S>,
 {
-    pub fn new(volume: V) -> Result<Self> {
+    pub fn new(volume: V, device_handle: Handle) -> Result<Self> {
         Ok(Self {
             fs: Synced::new(volume).map_err(|e| e.into())?,
+            device_handle,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -63,18 +69,64 @@ where
             .inode_nth(node.inode as usize)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
         let mut dir = inode.directory().ok_or_else(|| FsError::NotADirectory)?;
-        let entry = dir.nth(index)
+        let entry = dir
+            .nth(index)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?
             .map_err(|e| e.into())?;
 
         Ok(DirectoryEntry::new(entry.file_name_string(), entry.inode))
     }
 
-    fn find_dir(&self, _node: &FsNode, _name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
-        todo!()
+    fn find_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
+        let inode = self
+            .fs
+            .inode_nth(node.inode as usize)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
+        let dir = inode.directory().ok_or_else(|| FsError::NotADirectory)?;
+        let mut found_node = Err(FsError::NotFound);
+        for entry in dir {
+            if entry.is_err() {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            let entry = entry.unwrap();
+            if entry.file_name_string() == name {
+                let inode = self
+                    .fs
+                    .inode_nth(entry.inode as usize)
+                    .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
+                let flags = ext2_type_to_fs_flags(inode.type_perm());
+                found_node = Ok(FsNode::new(
+                    flags,
+                    inode.size(),
+                    entry.inode,
+                    self.device_handle,
+                    Weak::new(),
+                ))
+            }
+        }
+
+        found_node
     }
 }
 
+fn ext2_type_to_fs_flags(type_perm: TypePerm) -> FsFlags {
+    let is_directory = type_perm & TypePerm::DIRECTORY == TypePerm::DIRECTORY;
+    let is_symlink = type_perm & TypePerm::SYMLINK == TypePerm::SYMLINK;
+    let t = if is_directory {
+        FsFlags::DIRECTORY
+    } else {
+        FsFlags::FILE
+    };
+    let s = if is_symlink {
+        FsFlags::SYMBOLIC_LINK
+    } else {
+        FsFlags::empty()
+    };
+
+    t | s
+}
+
 // fn load_fs() -> Arc<Mutex<Ext2<Size1024, Vec<u8>>>> {
 //     let mut volume = Vec::new();
 //     volume.extend_from_slice(include_bytes!("../../../userland/root_fs/ext2.img"));
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index dabf90d5..6a37f5fa 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ pub mod ext2;
 
 use core::cmp;
 
-use alloc::sync::{Weak, Arc};
+use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use bitflags::bitflags;
 
 use crate::{handle::Handle, KERNEL_STATE};
@@ -140,9 +140,9 @@ impl Drop for FsNode {
 bitflags! {
     /// Flags associated with VFS nodes and file descriptors
     ///
-    /// 0x00000MST
-    /// T is set to 0 for files, 1 for directories
-    /// S is set when the file is a symbolic link
+    /// 0x00000MST \
+    /// T is set to 0 for files, 1 for directories \
+    /// S is set when the file is a symbolic link \
     /// M is set if the file is an active mount point
     pub struct FsFlags: u8 {
         const FILE = 0b00000000;
@@ -159,9 +159,6 @@ pub struct DirectoryEntry {
 
 impl DirectoryEntry {
     fn new(name: String, inode: usize) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            name,
-            inode,
-        }
+        Self { name, inode }
     }
 }
diff --git a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
index 4cb69363..9d1236fe 100644
--- a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use spin::Lazy;
 
 use crate::{
-    filesystem::{StorageDevice, FsNode},
+    filesystem::{FsNode, StorageDevice},
     handle::{Handle, HandleResource},
 };
 
@@ -81,8 +81,6 @@ pub struct FileTableEntry {
 
 impl FileTableEntry {
     fn new(fs_node: Arc<FsNode>) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            fs_node
-        }
+        Self { fs_node }
     }
 }
diff --git a/ext2-rs/src/fs/sync.rs b/ext2-rs/src/fs/sync.rs
index d028b03e..a5fc5584 100644
--- a/ext2-rs/src/fs/sync.rs
+++ b/ext2-rs/src/fs/sync.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 //!
 
+use crate::sys::inode::TypePerm;
+
 use {
     super::Ext2,
     alloc::{
@@ -543,6 +545,11 @@ impl<S: SectorSize, V: Volume<u8, S>> Inode<S, V> {
     pub fn size(&self) -> usize {
         self.size32() as usize
     }
+
+    /// ableOS: expose type_perm
+    pub fn type_perm(&self) -> TypePerm {
+        self.inner.type_perm
+    }
 }
 
 impl<S: SectorSize, V: Volume<u8, S>> File for Inode<S, V> {

From e766229b58ac2205ae59bd832c2a19a81e0da875 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Thu, 4 Aug 2022 17:03:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 14/20] VFS+Ext2: many simplifications and filesystem
 initialisation

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs |   1 +
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs   |  93 ++++++++++++-------
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs    | 153 +++++---------------------------
 ableos/src/handle.rs            |   2 +
 ableos/src/kernel_state.rs      |  23 +++--
 ableos/src/kmain.rs             |  11 ++-
 ableos/src/lib.rs               |   4 +
 ext2-rs/src/fs/sync.rs          |   2 -
 8 files changed, 116 insertions(+), 173 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
index 49a08b05..d0ce762e 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
  */
 
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
 pub enum FsError {
     EndOfFile,
     InodeNotFound,
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index d0163a7e..7e8e44b1 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -4,16 +4,17 @@
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
  */
 
-use alloc::sync::Weak;
+use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use ext2::fs::{sync::Synced, Ext2};
 use ext2::sector::SectorSize;
 use ext2::sys::inode::TypePerm;
 use ext2::volume::Volume;
 
-use crate::handle::Handle;
+use crate::handle::{Handle, HandleResource};
 
 use super::errors::FsError;
-use super::{DirectoryEntry, FsFlags, FsNode, FsResult as Result, StorageDevice};
+use super::vfs::{add_fs_node, find_fs_node, DirectoryEntry, FsFlags};
+use super::{FsNode, FsResult as Result, StorageDevice};
 
 pub struct Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
 where
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ where
 {
     fs: Synced<Ext2<S, V>>,
     device_handle: Handle,
+    root: Arc<FsNode>,
 }
 
 impl<S, V> Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
@@ -29,10 +31,24 @@ where
     S: SectorSize,
     V: Volume<u8, S>,
 {
-    pub fn new(volume: V, device_handle: Handle) -> Result<Self> {
-        Ok(Self {
-            fs: Synced::new(volume).map_err(|e| e.into())?,
+    pub fn new(volume: V) -> Result<Self> {
+        let fs = Synced::new(volume).map_err(|e| e.into())?;
+        let root_inode = fs.root_inode();
+        let device_handle = Handle::new(HandleResource::StorageDevice);
+        let root = Arc::new(FsNode::new(
+            FsFlags::DIRECTORY,
+            root_inode.size(),
+            2,
             device_handle,
+            Weak::new(),
+        ));
+
+        add_fs_node(root.clone());
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            fs,
+            device_handle,
+            root,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -45,7 +61,7 @@ where
     fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<()> {
         let inode = self
             .fs
-            .inode_nth(node.inode as usize)
+            .inode_nth(node.inode() as usize)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
 
         // FIXME: I don't really know how Ext2 works, so for now we don't
@@ -66,21 +82,38 @@ where
     fn read_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
         let inode = self
             .fs
-            .inode_nth(node.inode as usize)
+            .inode_nth(node.inode() as usize)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
         let mut dir = inode.directory().ok_or_else(|| FsError::NotADirectory)?;
         let entry = dir
             .nth(index)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?
             .map_err(|e| e.into())?;
+        let entry_inode = self
+            .fs
+            .inode_nth(entry.inode)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
+        let entry_node_handle =
+            find_fs_node(entry.inode, self.device_handle).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                add_fs_node(Arc::new(FsNode::new(
+                    ext2_type_to_fs_flags(entry_inode.type_perm()),
+                    inode.size(),
+                    entry.inode,
+                    self.device_handle,
+                    Weak::new(),
+                )))
+            });
 
-        Ok(DirectoryEntry::new(entry.file_name_string(), entry.inode))
+        Ok(DirectoryEntry::new(
+            entry.file_name_string(),
+            entry_node_handle,
+        ))
     }
 
-    fn find_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
+    fn find_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<Handle> {
         let inode = self
             .fs
-            .inode_nth(node.inode as usize)
+            .inode_nth(node.inode() as usize)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
         let dir = inode.directory().ok_or_else(|| FsError::NotADirectory)?;
         let mut found_node = Err(FsError::NotFound);
@@ -91,23 +124,30 @@ where
 
             let entry = entry.unwrap();
             if entry.file_name_string() == name {
-                let inode = self
-                    .fs
-                    .inode_nth(entry.inode as usize)
-                    .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
-                let flags = ext2_type_to_fs_flags(inode.type_perm());
-                found_node = Ok(FsNode::new(
-                    flags,
-                    inode.size(),
-                    entry.inode,
-                    self.device_handle,
-                    Weak::new(),
-                ))
+                found_node = Ok(
+                    find_fs_node(entry.inode, self.device_handle).unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                        add_fs_node(Arc::new(FsNode::new(
+                            ext2_type_to_fs_flags(inode.type_perm()),
+                            inode.size(),
+                            entry.inode,
+                            self.device_handle,
+                            Weak::new(),
+                        )))
+                    }),
+                );
             }
         }
 
         found_node
     }
+
+    fn root_node(&self) -> Arc<FsNode> {
+        self.root.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn device_handle(&self) -> Handle {
+        self.device_handle
+    }
 }
 
 fn ext2_type_to_fs_flags(type_perm: TypePerm) -> FsFlags {
@@ -127,13 +167,6 @@ fn ext2_type_to_fs_flags(type_perm: TypePerm) -> FsFlags {
     t | s
 }
 
-// fn load_fs() -> Arc<Mutex<Ext2<Size1024, Vec<u8>>>> {
-//     let mut volume = Vec::new();
-//     volume.extend_from_slice(include_bytes!("../../../userland/root_fs/ext2.img"));
-
-//     Arc::<Ext2<Size1024, _>>::new(volume).unwrap()
-// }
-
 // pub fn walk<S: SectorSize, V: Volume<u8, S>>(
 //     fs: &Synced<Ext2<S, V>>,
 //     inode: Inode<S, V>,
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index 6a37f5fa..284f226c 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -6,15 +6,18 @@
 
 pub mod errors;
 pub mod ext2;
+pub mod vfs;
 
-use core::cmp;
-
-use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
-use bitflags::bitflags;
+use ::ext2::sector::Size1024;
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
 
 use crate::{handle::Handle, KERNEL_STATE};
 
-use self::errors::FsError;
+use self::{
+    errors::FsError,
+    ext2::Ext2StorageDevice,
+    vfs::{DirectoryEntry, FsNode},
+};
 use FsResult as Result;
 
 pub type FsResult<T> = core::result::Result<T, FsError>;
@@ -27,138 +30,22 @@ where
     fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<()>;
     fn write(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<()>;
     fn read_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry>;
-    fn find_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode>;
+    fn find_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<Handle>;
     // TODO: flush to disk
+
+    fn root_node(&self) -> Arc<FsNode>;
+    fn device_handle(&self) -> Handle;
 }
 
-/// A VFS node, that can either be a file or a directory.
-///
-/// VFS nodes are created whenever a file that doesn't have an open VFS node is
-/// opened. When there are no open file descriptors to a file, the associated
-/// VFS node is dropped.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct FsNode {
-    flags: FsFlags,
-    length: usize,         // in bytes
-    inode: usize,          // implementation specific identifier for the node
-    device_handle: Handle, // uniquely assigned device handle
-    ptr: Weak<FsNode>,     // used by mountpoints and symlinks
-                           // TODO: permissions mask
-                           // TODO: owning user/group
+pub fn init() -> Result<()> {
+    let mut state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+    state.add_storage_device(load_fs()?);
+    Ok(())
 }
 
-impl FsNode {
-    pub fn new(
-        flags: FsFlags,
-        length: usize,
-        inode: usize,
-        device_handle: Handle,
-        ptr: Weak<FsNode>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            flags,
-            length,
-            inode,
-            device_handle,
-            ptr,
-        }
-    }
+fn load_fs() -> Result<Ext2StorageDevice<Size1024, Vec<u8>>> {
+    let mut volume = Vec::new();
+    volume.extend_from_slice(include_bytes!("../../../userland/root_fs/ext2.img"));
 
-    /// This method opens a new file descriptor for this VFS node.
-    // TODO: make this take flags
-    pub fn open(self: Arc<Self>) -> Result<Handle> {
-        let mut state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
-        let handle = state.open_file_descriptor(self);
-
-        Ok(handle)
-    }
-
-    /// This method reads from the VFS node without opening a new file
-    /// descriptor. This is intended to be used internally, if you're trying to
-    /// read a file then you probably want to read from a file descriptor.
-    pub fn read(&self, offset: usize, size: usize, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize> {
-        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
-        let device = state
-            .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
-            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
-
-        if self.is_dir() {
-            Err(FsError::IsDirectory)?;
-        }
-
-        if offset > self.length {
-            Err(FsError::EndOfFile)?;
-        }
-
-        let readable_size = cmp::min(size, self.length - offset);
-        device.read(self, offset, readable_size, buffer)?;
-        Ok(readable_size)
-    }
-
-    /// This method writes to the VFS node without opening a new file
-    /// descriptor. This is intended to be used internally, if you're trying to
-    /// write to a file then you probably want to write to a file descriptor.
-    pub fn write(&self, offset: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
-        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
-        let device = state
-            .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
-            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
-
-        device.write(self, offset, buffer)
-    }
-
-    pub fn read_dir(&self, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
-        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
-        let device = state
-            .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
-            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
-
-        device.read_dir(self, index)
-    }
-
-    pub fn find_dir(&self, name: &str) -> Result<FsNode> {
-        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
-        let device = state
-            .get_storage_device(self.device_handle)
-            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
-
-        device.find_dir(self, name)
-    }
-
-    pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool {
-        (self.flags & FsFlags::DIRECTORY) == FsFlags::DIRECTORY
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for FsNode {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        trace!("dropping VFS node: {self:#?}");
-        // TODO: flush to disk here
-    }
-}
-
-bitflags! {
-    /// Flags associated with VFS nodes and file descriptors
-    ///
-    /// 0x00000MST \
-    /// T is set to 0 for files, 1 for directories \
-    /// S is set when the file is a symbolic link \
-    /// M is set if the file is an active mount point
-    pub struct FsFlags: u8 {
-        const FILE = 0b00000000;
-        const DIRECTORY = 0b00000001;
-        const SYMBOLIC_LINK = 0b00000010;
-        const MOUNT_POINT = 0b00000100;
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct DirectoryEntry {
-    name: String,
-    inode: usize,
-}
-
-impl DirectoryEntry {
-    fn new(name: String, inode: usize) -> Self {
-        Self { name, inode }
-    }
+    Ext2StorageDevice::new(volume)
 }
diff --git a/ableos/src/handle.rs b/ableos/src/handle.rs
index fb9f31db..4c30c730 100644
--- a/ableos/src/handle.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/handle.rs
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ pub enum HandleResource {
     BinaryData,
     StorageDevice,
     FileDescriptor,
+    FsNode,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, Clone, Copy)]
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ impl Display for Handle {
             HandleResource::Socket => write!(f, "-Socket")?,
             HandleResource::StorageDevice => write!(f, "-StorageDevice")?,
             HandleResource::FileDescriptor => write!(f, "-FileDescriptor")?,
+            HandleResource::FsNode => write!(f, "-FsNode")?,
         }
 
         Ok(())
diff --git a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
index 9d1236fe..3a7736da 100644
--- a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Umut İnan Erdoğan <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use spin::Lazy;
 
 use crate::{
-    filesystem::{FsNode, StorageDevice},
+    filesystem::{vfs::FsNode, StorageDevice},
     handle::{Handle, HandleResource},
 };
 
@@ -32,13 +38,12 @@ impl KernelInternalState {
         self.hostname = hostname;
     }
 
-    pub fn add_storage_device(&mut self, device: impl StorageDevice + Send + 'static) -> Handle {
-        let handle = Handle::new(HandleResource::StorageDevice);
-        self.storage_devices.insert(handle, Box::new(device));
-        handle
+    pub fn add_storage_device(&mut self, device: impl StorageDevice + Send + 'static) {
+        let device = Box::new(device);
+        self.storage_devices.insert(device.device_handle(), device);
     }
 
-    pub fn get_storage_device(&self, handle: Handle) -> Option<&dyn StorageDevice> {
+    pub fn storage_device(&self, handle: Handle) -> Option<&dyn StorageDevice> {
         self.storage_devices.get(&handle).map(|d| &**d)
     }
 
@@ -49,7 +54,7 @@ impl KernelInternalState {
         handle
     }
 
-    pub fn get_file_descriptor(&self, handle: Handle) -> Option<&FileTableEntry> {
+    pub fn file_descriptor(&self, handle: Handle) -> Option<&FileTableEntry> {
         self.file_table.get(&handle)
     }
 
@@ -83,4 +88,8 @@ impl FileTableEntry {
     fn new(fs_node: Arc<FsNode>) -> Self {
         Self { fs_node }
     }
+
+    pub fn fs_node(&self) -> Arc<FsNode> {
+        self.fs_node.clone()
+    }
 }
diff --git a/ableos/src/kmain.rs b/ableos/src/kmain.rs
index 9a4cc1d2..0115208a 100644
--- a/ableos/src/kmain.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/kmain.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Umut İnan Erdoğan <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+
 #![allow(clippy::empty_loop)]
 
 use core::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
 
 use crate::arch::{drivers::sysinfo::master, init, sloop};
-use crate::hardware;
 use crate::relib::network::socket::{SimpleSock, Socket};
 use crate::{
     boot_conf::KernelConfig, scratchpad, systeminfo::RELEASE_TYPE, TERM,
 };
+use crate::{filesystem, hardware};
 use kernel::KERNEL_VERSION;
 use spin::Lazy;
 
@@ -36,6 +42,9 @@ pub fn kernel_main() -> ! {
     x86_64::instructions::interrupts::without_interrupts(|| {
         hardware::init_mouse();
     });
+
+    filesystem::init().unwrap();
+
     /*
 
     // println!("abc");
diff --git a/ableos/src/lib.rs b/ableos/src/lib.rs
index 2ab6915a..201ece87 100644
--- a/ableos/src/lib.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2022, Able <able@ablecorp.us>
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Umut İnan Erdoğan <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
  *
  * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
  */
@@ -25,6 +26,9 @@
 #[macro_use]
 pub extern crate log;
 
+#[macro_use]
+pub extern crate bitflags;
+
 pub extern crate alloc;
 pub extern crate externc_libm as libm;
 
diff --git a/ext2-rs/src/fs/sync.rs b/ext2-rs/src/fs/sync.rs
index a5fc5584..25e01e15 100644
--- a/ext2-rs/src/fs/sync.rs
+++ b/ext2-rs/src/fs/sync.rs
@@ -393,8 +393,6 @@ impl<S: SectorSize, V: Volume<u8, S>> Inode<S, V> {
     }
     /// Determine if an inode is a directory
     pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool {
-        use sys::inode::TypePerm;
-
         { self.inner.type_perm }.contains(TypePerm::DIRECTORY)
         // self.inner.type_perm.contains(TypePerm::DIRECTORY)
     }

From b01ce11fab69495083a247fa88e2b812cc53c5c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Fri, 5 Aug 2022 09:16:34 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 15/20] recursively walk directories

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs |  23 ----
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs  |  16 ++-
 ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs  | 219 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 ableos/src/kernel_state.rs    |   2 +-
 ableos/src/scratchpad.rs      |  10 +-
 5 files changed, 244 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index 7e8e44b1..5fd9928b 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -166,26 +166,3 @@ fn ext2_type_to_fs_flags(type_perm: TypePerm) -> FsFlags {
 
     t | s
 }
-
-// pub fn walk<S: SectorSize, V: Volume<u8, S>>(
-//     fs: &Synced<Ext2<S, V>>,
-//     inode: Inode<S, V>,
-//     name: String,
-// ) {
-//     if let Some(dir) = inode.directory() {
-//         for entry in dir {
-//             assert!(entry.is_ok());
-//             let entry = entry.unwrap();
-//             let entry_name = String::from_utf8_lossy(&entry.name);
-
-//             println!("{}/{} => {}", name, entry_name, entry.inode,);
-//             if entry_name != "." && entry_name != ".." {
-//                 walk(
-//                     fs,
-//                     fs.inode_nth(entry.inode).unwrap(),
-//                     format!("{}/{}", name, entry_name),
-//                 );
-//             }
-//         }
-//     }
-// }
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index 284f226c..bc382016 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ pub mod vfs;
 use ::ext2::sector::Size1024;
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 
-use crate::{handle::Handle, KERNEL_STATE};
+use crate::{filesystem::vfs::fs_node, handle::Handle, KERNEL_STATE};
 
 use self::{
     errors::FsError,
@@ -49,3 +49,17 @@ fn load_fs() -> Result<Ext2StorageDevice<Size1024, Vec<u8>>> {
 
     Ext2StorageDevice::new(volume)
 }
+
+pub fn walk<S: Into<String>>(dir: Arc<FsNode>, path: S) {
+    let path = path.into();
+    if let Some(dir) = dir.directory() {
+        for entry in dir {
+            let fs_node = fs_node(entry.node()).unwrap();
+            println!("{}/{} => {}", path, entry.name(), fs_node.inode());
+            trace!("{entry:#?}");
+            if entry.name() != "." && entry.name() != ".." {
+                walk(fs_node, format!("{}/{}", path, entry.name()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..00624d5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Umut İnan Erdoğan <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+
+use core::cmp;
+
+use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
+use hashbrown::HashMap;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use spin::Mutex;
+
+use super::{errors::FsError, FsResult as Result};
+use crate::{
+    handle::{Handle, HandleResource},
+    KERNEL_STATE,
+};
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref FS_NODES: Mutex<HashMap<Handle, Arc<FsNode>>> = Default::default();
+}
+
+pub fn add_fs_node(fs_node: Arc<FsNode>) -> Handle {
+    let handle = Handle::new(HandleResource::FsNode);
+    let mut nodes = FS_NODES.lock();
+    nodes.insert(handle, fs_node);
+    handle
+}
+
+pub fn find_fs_node(inode: usize, device_handle: Handle) -> Option<Handle> {
+    let nodes = FS_NODES.lock();
+    nodes.iter().find_map(|(handle, fs_node)| {
+        if fs_node.inode == inode && fs_node.device_handle == device_handle {
+            Some(*handle)
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn fs_node(handle: Handle) -> Option<Arc<FsNode>> {
+    let nodes = FS_NODES.lock();
+    nodes.get(&handle).cloned()
+}
+
+/// A VFS node, that can either be a file or a directory.
+///
+/// VFS nodes are created whenever a file that doesn't have an open VFS node is
+/// opened. When there are no open file descriptors to a file, the associated
+/// VFS node is dropped.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FsNode {
+    flags: FsFlags,
+    length: usize,         // in bytes
+    inode: usize,          // implementation specific identifier for the node
+    device_handle: Handle, // uniquely assigned device handle
+    ptr: Weak<FsNode>,     // used by mountpoints and symlinks
+                           // TODO: permissions mask
+                           // TODO: owning user/group
+}
+
+impl FsNode {
+    pub fn new(
+        flags: FsFlags,
+        length: usize,
+        inode: usize,
+        device_handle: Handle,
+        ptr: Weak<FsNode>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            flags,
+            length,
+            inode,
+            device_handle,
+            ptr,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// This method opens a new file descriptor for this VFS node.
+    // TODO: make this take flags
+    pub fn open(self: Arc<Self>) -> Result<Handle> {
+        let mut state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        let handle = state.open_file_descriptor(self);
+
+        Ok(handle)
+    }
+
+    /// This method reads from the VFS node without opening a new file
+    /// descriptor. This is intended to be used internally, if you're trying to
+    /// read a file then you probably want to read from a file descriptor.
+    pub fn read(&self, offset: usize, size: usize, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize> {
+        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        let device = state
+            .storage_device(self.device_handle)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
+
+        if self.is_dir() {
+            Err(FsError::IsDirectory)?;
+        }
+
+        if offset > self.length {
+            Err(FsError::EndOfFile)?;
+        }
+
+        let readable_size = cmp::min(size, self.length - offset);
+        device.read(self, offset, readable_size, buffer)?;
+        Ok(readable_size)
+    }
+
+    /// This method writes to the VFS node without opening a new file
+    /// descriptor. This is intended to be used internally, if you're trying to
+    /// write to a file then you probably want to write to a file descriptor.
+    pub fn write(&self, offset: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
+        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        let device = state
+            .storage_device(self.device_handle)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
+
+        device.write(self, offset, buffer)
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_dir(&self, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry> {
+        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        let device = state
+            .storage_device(self.device_handle)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
+
+        device.read_dir(self, index)
+    }
+
+    pub fn find_dir(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Handle> {
+        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        let device = state
+            .storage_device(self.device_handle)
+            .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
+
+        device.find_dir(self, name)
+    }
+
+    pub fn directory(self: Arc<Self>) -> Option<Directory> {
+        if self.is_dir() {
+            Some(Directory::new(self))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_dir(&self) -> bool {
+        (self.flags & FsFlags::DIRECTORY) == FsFlags::DIRECTORY
+    }
+
+    pub fn inode(&self) -> usize {
+        self.inode
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for FsNode {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        trace!("dropping VFS node: {self:#?}");
+        // TODO: flush to disk here
+    }
+}
+
+bitflags! {
+    /// Flags associated with VFS nodes and file descriptors
+    ///
+    /// 0x00000MST \
+    /// T is set to 0 for files, 1 for directories \
+    /// S is set when the file is a symbolic link \
+    /// M is set if the file is an active mount point
+    pub struct FsFlags: u8 {
+        const FILE = 0b00000000;
+        const DIRECTORY = 0b00000001;
+        const SYMBOLIC_LINK = 0b00000010;
+        const MOUNT_POINT = 0b00000100;
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Directory {
+    node: Arc<FsNode>,
+    index: usize,
+}
+
+impl Directory {
+    fn new(node: Arc<FsNode>) -> Self {
+        Self { node, index: 0 }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Iterator for Directory {
+    type Item = DirectoryEntry;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        let value = self.node.read_dir(self.index).ok();
+        self.index += 1;
+        value
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DirectoryEntry {
+    name: String,
+    node: Handle,
+}
+
+impl DirectoryEntry {
+    pub(super) fn new(name: String, node: Handle) -> Self {
+        Self { name, node }
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> String {
+        self.name.clone()
+    }
+
+    pub fn node(&self) -> Handle {
+        self.node
+    }
+}
diff --git a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
index 3a7736da..9b40ece0 100644
--- a/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/kernel_state.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ pub static KERNEL_STATE: Lazy<spin::Mutex<KernelInternalState>> =
 
 pub struct KernelInternalState {
     pub hostname: String,
-    storage_devices: HashMap<Handle, Box<dyn StorageDevice>>,
+    pub storage_devices: HashMap<Handle, Box<dyn StorageDevice>>,
     // FIXME: should this be per-process?
     file_table: HashMap<Handle, FileTableEntry>,
     should_shutdown: bool,
diff --git a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
index b7b7fe6e..f545120b 100644
--- a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use crate::{
     vterm::Term,
     // wasm_jumploader::run_program,
 };
+use crate::{filesystem, KERNEL_STATE};
 
 use acpi::{AcpiTables, PlatformInfo};
 use cpuio::{inb, outb};
@@ -121,7 +122,14 @@ pub fn scratchpad() {
         BANNER_WIDTH
     );
 
-    real_shell();
+    let root = {
+        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
+        state.storage_devices.iter().next().unwrap().1.root_node()
+    };
+
+    filesystem::walk(root, "");
+
+    // real_shell();
 }
 
 pub fn acpi() {

From 70342c5f46cc90e700bd02b3096d39493c3ae70a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Sat, 6 Aug 2022 21:38:30 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 16/20] VFS: move stuff into a VirtualFileSystem struct

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs | 24 ++++++++------
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs  | 10 ++++--
 ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs  | 60 ++++++++++++++++++++++++-----------
 ableos/src/scratchpad.rs      |  9 +++---
 4 files changed, 67 insertions(+), 36 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index 5fd9928b..1140ecdb 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use ext2::volume::Volume;
 use crate::handle::{Handle, HandleResource};
 
 use super::errors::FsError;
-use super::vfs::{add_fs_node, find_fs_node, DirectoryEntry, FsFlags};
+use super::vfs::{DirectoryEntry, FsFlags, VFS};
 use super::{FsNode, FsResult as Result, StorageDevice};
 
 pub struct Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ where
             Weak::new(),
         ));
 
-        add_fs_node(root.clone());
+        let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
+        vfs.add_fs_node(root.clone());
 
         Ok(Self {
             fs,
@@ -93,9 +94,11 @@ where
             .fs
             .inode_nth(entry.inode)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
-        let entry_node_handle =
-            find_fs_node(entry.inode, self.device_handle).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                add_fs_node(Arc::new(FsNode::new(
+        let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
+        let entry_node_handle = vfs
+            .find_fs_node(entry.inode, self.device_handle)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                vfs.add_fs_node(Arc::new(FsNode::new(
                     ext2_type_to_fs_flags(entry_inode.type_perm()),
                     inode.size(),
                     entry.inode,
@@ -117,6 +120,7 @@ where
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
         let dir = inode.directory().ok_or_else(|| FsError::NotADirectory)?;
         let mut found_node = Err(FsError::NotFound);
+        let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
         for entry in dir {
             if entry.is_err() {
                 continue;
@@ -124,17 +128,17 @@ where
 
             let entry = entry.unwrap();
             if entry.file_name_string() == name {
-                found_node = Ok(
-                    find_fs_node(entry.inode, self.device_handle).unwrap_or_else(|| {
-                        add_fs_node(Arc::new(FsNode::new(
+                found_node = Ok(vfs
+                    .find_fs_node(entry.inode, self.device_handle)
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| {
+                        vfs.add_fs_node(Arc::new(FsNode::new(
                             ext2_type_to_fs_flags(inode.type_perm()),
                             inode.size(),
                             entry.inode,
                             self.device_handle,
                             Weak::new(),
                         )))
-                    }),
-                );
+                    }));
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index bc382016..8f25dd0a 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ pub mod vfs;
 use ::ext2::sector::Size1024;
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 
-use crate::{filesystem::vfs::fs_node, handle::Handle, KERNEL_STATE};
+use crate::{filesystem::vfs::VFS, handle::Handle, KERNEL_STATE};
 
 use self::{
     errors::FsError,
@@ -39,7 +39,10 @@ where
 
 pub fn init() -> Result<()> {
     let mut state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
-    state.add_storage_device(load_fs()?);
+    let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
+    let fs = load_fs()?;
+    vfs.init(fs.root_node());
+    state.add_storage_device(fs);
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -53,8 +56,9 @@ fn load_fs() -> Result<Ext2StorageDevice<Size1024, Vec<u8>>> {
 pub fn walk<S: Into<String>>(dir: Arc<FsNode>, path: S) {
     let path = path.into();
     if let Some(dir) = dir.directory() {
+        let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
         for entry in dir {
-            let fs_node = fs_node(entry.node()).unwrap();
+            let fs_node = vfs.fs_node(entry.node()).unwrap();
             println!("{}/{} => {}", path, entry.name(), fs_node.inode());
             trace!("{entry:#?}");
             if entry.name() != "." && entry.name() != ".." {
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
index 00624d5a..5d6b4aec 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
@@ -18,30 +18,52 @@ use crate::{
 };
 
 lazy_static! {
-    static ref FS_NODES: Mutex<HashMap<Handle, Arc<FsNode>>> = Default::default();
+    pub static ref VFS: Mutex<VirtualFileSystem> = Default::default();
 }
 
-pub fn add_fs_node(fs_node: Arc<FsNode>) -> Handle {
-    let handle = Handle::new(HandleResource::FsNode);
-    let mut nodes = FS_NODES.lock();
-    nodes.insert(handle, fs_node);
-    handle
+pub struct VirtualFileSystem {
+    fs_nodes: HashMap<Handle, Arc<FsNode>>,
+    root_node: Weak<FsNode>,
 }
 
-pub fn find_fs_node(inode: usize, device_handle: Handle) -> Option<Handle> {
-    let nodes = FS_NODES.lock();
-    nodes.iter().find_map(|(handle, fs_node)| {
-        if fs_node.inode == inode && fs_node.device_handle == device_handle {
-            Some(*handle)
-        } else {
-            None
+impl VirtualFileSystem {
+    pub fn init(&mut self, root_node: Arc<FsNode>) {
+        self.root_node = Arc::downgrade(&root_node)
+    }
+
+    pub fn add_fs_node(&mut self, fs_node: Arc<FsNode>) -> Handle {
+        let handle = Handle::new(HandleResource::FsNode);
+        self.fs_nodes.insert(handle, fs_node);
+        handle
+    }
+
+    pub fn find_fs_node(&mut self, inode: usize, device_handle: Handle) -> Option<Handle> {
+        self.fs_nodes.iter().find_map(|(handle, fs_node)| {
+            if fs_node.inode == inode && fs_node.device_handle == device_handle {
+                Some(*handle)
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn fs_node(&mut self, handle: Handle) -> Option<Arc<FsNode>> {
+        self.fs_nodes.get(&handle).cloned()
+    }
+
+    pub fn root_node(&self) -> Arc<FsNode> {
+        // okay to unwrap since this should never be called before init
+        self.root_node.upgrade().unwrap()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for VirtualFileSystem {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            fs_nodes: HashMap::new(),
+            root_node: Weak::new(),
         }
-    })
-}
-
-pub fn fs_node(handle: Handle) -> Option<Arc<FsNode>> {
-    let nodes = FS_NODES.lock();
-    nodes.get(&handle).cloned()
+    }
 }
 
 /// A VFS node, that can either be a file or a directory.
diff --git a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
index f545120b..8cbf600e 100644
--- a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@
 use crate::arch::drivers::sysinfo::master;
 use crate::arch::interrupts::{reset_pit_for_cpu, set_pit_2};
 use crate::devices::pci::brute_force_scan;
+use crate::filesystem::vfs::VFS;
 use crate::systeminfo::{KERNEL_VERSION, RELEASE_TYPE};
 use crate::time::fetch_time;
 use crate::KERNEL_STATE;
 use crate::{
     arch::shutdown,
     rhai_shell::KEYBUFF,
-    vterm::Term,
+    vterm::VTerm,
     // wasm_jumploader::run_program,
 };
 use crate::{filesystem, KERNEL_STATE};
@@ -123,13 +124,13 @@ pub fn scratchpad() {
     );
 
     let root = {
-        let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
-        state.storage_devices.iter().next().unwrap().1.root_node()
+        let vfs = VFS.lock();
+        vfs.root_node()
     };
 
     filesystem::walk(root, "");
 
-    // real_shell();
+    real_shell();
 }
 
 pub fn acpi() {

From 960da433836945a8b235029287ccf25caf1f0e07 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Sat, 6 Aug 2022 22:27:25 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 17/20] NOT ONE, but TWO deadlocks fixed!

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs | 9 ++++++---
 ableos/src/scratchpad.rs     | 3 +--
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index 8f25dd0a..76a529fc 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ where
 
 pub fn init() -> Result<()> {
     let mut state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
-    let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
     let fs = load_fs()?;
+    let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
     vfs.init(fs.root_node());
     state.add_storage_device(fs);
     Ok(())
@@ -56,9 +56,12 @@ fn load_fs() -> Result<Ext2StorageDevice<Size1024, Vec<u8>>> {
 pub fn walk<S: Into<String>>(dir: Arc<FsNode>, path: S) {
     let path = path.into();
     if let Some(dir) = dir.directory() {
-        let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
         for entry in dir {
-            let fs_node = vfs.fs_node(entry.node()).unwrap();
+            let fs_node = {
+                let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
+                vfs.fs_node(entry.node()).unwrap()
+            };
+
             println!("{}/{} => {}", path, entry.name(), fs_node.inode());
             trace!("{entry:#?}");
             if entry.name() != "." && entry.name() != ".." {
diff --git a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
index 8cbf600e..3d872318 100644
--- a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
@@ -10,14 +10,13 @@ use crate::devices::pci::brute_force_scan;
 use crate::filesystem::vfs::VFS;
 use crate::systeminfo::{KERNEL_VERSION, RELEASE_TYPE};
 use crate::time::fetch_time;
-use crate::KERNEL_STATE;
+use crate::{filesystem, KERNEL_STATE};
 use crate::{
     arch::shutdown,
     rhai_shell::KEYBUFF,
     vterm::VTerm,
     // wasm_jumploader::run_program,
 };
-use crate::{filesystem, KERNEL_STATE};
 
 use acpi::{AcpiTables, PlatformInfo};
 use cpuio::{inb, outb};

From 0cc1aaa64f8c50441f49c4873ded6826d133cad2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Sun, 7 Aug 2022 15:35:55 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 18/20] VFS: path resolution

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs   |   3 +
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs     |  20 +-
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs      |  34 ++-
 ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs      |  76 ++++++-
 ableos/src/relib/time/kilotime.rs |  70 +++---
 ableos/src/scratchpad.rs          |  14 +-
 repbuild/src/main.rs              | 358 +++++++++++++++---------------
 7 files changed, 325 insertions(+), 250 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
index d0ce762e..3f2fb406 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/errors.rs
@@ -9,9 +9,12 @@ pub enum FsError {
     EndOfFile,
     InodeNotFound,
     InvalidDevice,
+    InvalidPath,
     IsDirectory,
+    NotAbsolute,
     NotADirectory,
     NotFound,
+    Recursion,
     UnsupportedOperation,
 }
 
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index 1140ecdb..82f93bd4 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use ext2::volume::Volume;
 use crate::handle::{Handle, HandleResource};
 
 use super::errors::FsError;
-use super::vfs::{DirectoryEntry, FsFlags, VFS};
+use super::vfs::{DirectoryEntry, FsFlags, VirtualFileSystem, VFS};
 use super::{FsNode, FsResult as Result, StorageDevice};
 
 pub struct Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ where
 {
     fs: Synced<Ext2<S, V>>,
     device_handle: Handle,
-    root: Arc<FsNode>,
+    root_handle: Handle,
 }
 
 impl<S, V> Ext2StorageDevice<S, V>
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ where
             Weak::new(),
         ));
 
-        let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
-        vfs.add_fs_node(root.clone());
+        let mut vfs = VFS.write();
+        let root_handle = vfs.add_fs_node(root.clone());
 
         Ok(Self {
             fs,
             device_handle,
-            root,
+            root_handle,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ where
             .fs
             .inode_nth(entry.inode)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
-        let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
+        let mut vfs = VFS.write();
         let entry_node_handle = vfs
             .find_fs_node(entry.inode, self.device_handle)
             .unwrap_or_else(|| {
@@ -113,14 +113,13 @@ where
         ))
     }
 
-    fn find_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<Handle> {
+    fn find_dir(&self, vfs: &mut VirtualFileSystem, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<Handle> {
         let inode = self
             .fs
             .inode_nth(node.inode() as usize)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
         let dir = inode.directory().ok_or_else(|| FsError::NotADirectory)?;
         let mut found_node = Err(FsError::NotFound);
-        let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
         for entry in dir {
             if entry.is_err() {
                 continue;
@@ -139,14 +138,15 @@ where
                             Weak::new(),
                         )))
                     }));
+                break;
             }
         }
 
         found_node
     }
 
-    fn root_node(&self) -> Arc<FsNode> {
-        self.root.clone()
+    fn root(&self) -> Handle {
+        self.root_handle
     }
 
     fn device_handle(&self) -> Handle {
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index 76a529fc..bbd076a3 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use crate::{filesystem::vfs::VFS, handle::Handle, KERNEL_STATE};
 use self::{
     errors::FsError,
     ext2::Ext2StorageDevice,
-    vfs::{DirectoryEntry, FsNode},
+    vfs::{DirectoryEntry, FsNode, VirtualFileSystem},
 };
 use FsResult as Result;
 
@@ -30,18 +30,18 @@ where
     fn read(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, size: usize, buffer: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<()>;
     fn write(&self, node: &FsNode, offset: usize, buffer: &[u8]) -> Result<()>;
     fn read_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, index: usize) -> Result<DirectoryEntry>;
-    fn find_dir(&self, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<Handle>;
+    fn find_dir(&self, vfs: &mut VirtualFileSystem, node: &FsNode, name: &str) -> Result<Handle>;
     // TODO: flush to disk
 
-    fn root_node(&self) -> Arc<FsNode>;
+    fn root(&self) -> Handle;
     fn device_handle(&self) -> Handle;
 }
 
 pub fn init() -> Result<()> {
     let mut state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
     let fs = load_fs()?;
-    let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
-    vfs.init(fs.root_node());
+    let mut vfs = VFS.write();
+    vfs.set_root(fs.root())?;
     state.add_storage_device(fs);
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -53,19 +53,37 @@ fn load_fs() -> Result<Ext2StorageDevice<Size1024, Vec<u8>>> {
     Ext2StorageDevice::new(volume)
 }
 
-pub fn walk<S: Into<String>>(dir: Arc<FsNode>, path: S) {
+pub fn tree(path: &str) -> Result<()> {
+    let dir = {
+        let mut vfs = VFS.write();
+        let handle = vfs.resolve(path)?;
+        vfs.fs_node(handle).ok_or_else(|| FsError::NotFound)?
+    };
+
+    tree_inner(
+        dir,
+        if path.starts_with('/') {
+            &path[1..]
+        } else {
+            path
+        },
+    );
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn tree_inner<S: Into<String>>(dir: Arc<FsNode>, path: S) {
     let path = path.into();
     if let Some(dir) = dir.directory() {
         for entry in dir {
             let fs_node = {
-                let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
+                let vfs = VFS.read();
                 vfs.fs_node(entry.node()).unwrap()
             };
 
             println!("{}/{} => {}", path, entry.name(), fs_node.inode());
             trace!("{entry:#?}");
             if entry.name() != "." && entry.name() != ".." {
-                walk(fs_node, format!("{}/{}", path, entry.name()));
+                tree_inner(fs_node, format!("{}/{}", path, entry.name()));
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
index 5d6b4aec..e1cc3f94 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use core::cmp;
 use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use spin::Mutex;
+use spin::RwLock;
 
 use super::{errors::FsError, FsResult as Result};
 use crate::{
@@ -17,18 +17,77 @@ use crate::{
     KERNEL_STATE,
 };
 
+/// The limit for symlink recursion. In POSIX, this is at least 8. In Linux, this is 40.
+const SYMLINK_RECURSION_LIMIT: u8 = 8;
+
 lazy_static! {
-    pub static ref VFS: Mutex<VirtualFileSystem> = Default::default();
+    pub static ref VFS: RwLock<VirtualFileSystem> = Default::default();
 }
 
 pub struct VirtualFileSystem {
     fs_nodes: HashMap<Handle, Arc<FsNode>>,
     root_node: Weak<FsNode>,
+    root_handle: Option<Handle>,
 }
 
 impl VirtualFileSystem {
-    pub fn init(&mut self, root_node: Arc<FsNode>) {
-        self.root_node = Arc::downgrade(&root_node)
+    /// Sets the VFS root to the given VFS node handle.
+    pub fn set_root(&mut self, handle: Handle) -> Result<()> {
+        let root_node = self.fs_node(handle).ok_or_else(|| FsError::NotFound)?;
+        self.root_node = Arc::downgrade(&root_node);
+        self.root_handle = Some(handle);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Resolves the path to a handle. If the resulting node is a symlink,
+    /// the symlink itself is returned. All symlinks but the resulting node
+    /// are traversed.
+    ///
+    /// Requires a mutable reference because internally it might open new VFS
+    /// nodes while resolving the path.
+    pub fn resolve<S: AsRef<str>>(&mut self, path: S) -> Result<Handle> {
+        // TODO: caching
+        let path = path.as_ref();
+
+        if !path.starts_with('/') {
+            // FIXME: use current process working directory for relative paths?
+            Err(FsError::NotAbsolute)?;
+        }
+
+        let mut components = path.split_terminator(path);
+        components.next(); // throw the empty string caused by the root /
+                           // will be initialised beforehand so okay to unwrap
+        let mut resolved_node = self.root_handle.unwrap();
+        // let mut symlink_recursion_level = 0;
+        for component in components {
+            // if symlink_recursion_level >= SYMLINK_RECURSION_LIMIT {
+            //     Err(FsError::Recursion)?;
+            // }
+
+            if component == "" {
+                Err(FsError::InvalidPath)?;
+            }
+
+            // checked by previous iteration so okay to unwrap
+            let parent = self.fs_node(resolved_node).unwrap();
+
+            // TODO: permission checks
+
+            // FIXME: find_dir checks that this is a directory already but
+            //        that's just more boilerplate in StorageDevice impls
+            //        we should probably check that here instead to reduce
+            //        required boilerplate
+            // if !parent.is_dir() {
+            //     Err(FsError::NotADirectory)?;
+            // }
+
+            // FIXME: handle mount points
+            // FIXME: handle symlinks
+
+            resolved_node = parent.find_dir(self, component)?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(resolved_node)
     }
 
     pub fn add_fs_node(&mut self, fs_node: Arc<FsNode>) -> Handle {
@@ -47,7 +106,7 @@ impl VirtualFileSystem {
         })
     }
 
-    pub fn fs_node(&mut self, handle: Handle) -> Option<Arc<FsNode>> {
+    pub fn fs_node(&self, handle: Handle) -> Option<Arc<FsNode>> {
         self.fs_nodes.get(&handle).cloned()
     }
 
@@ -62,6 +121,7 @@ impl Default for VirtualFileSystem {
         Self {
             fs_nodes: HashMap::new(),
             root_node: Weak::new(),
+            root_handle: None,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -151,13 +211,13 @@ impl FsNode {
         device.read_dir(self, index)
     }
 
-    pub fn find_dir(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Handle> {
+    pub fn find_dir(&self, vfs: &mut VirtualFileSystem, name: &str) -> Result<Handle> {
         let state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
         let device = state
             .storage_device(self.device_handle)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InvalidDevice)?;
 
-        device.find_dir(self, name)
+        device.find_dir(vfs, self, name)
     }
 
     pub fn directory(self: Arc<Self>) -> Option<Directory> {
@@ -220,7 +280,7 @@ impl Iterator for Directory {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct DirectoryEntry {
     name: String,
     node: Handle,
diff --git a/ableos/src/relib/time/kilotime.rs b/ableos/src/relib/time/kilotime.rs
index bb39533e..06cae00d 100644
--- a/ableos/src/relib/time/kilotime.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/relib/time/kilotime.rs
@@ -5,57 +5,57 @@ use core::fmt::{Display, Error, Formatter};
 #[repr(transparent)]
 pub struct Kilosecond(u32);
 impl Kilosecond {
-   pub fn from_ms(ms: u32) -> Self {
-      Self(ms)
-   }
+    pub fn from_ms(ms: u32) -> Self {
+        Self(ms)
+    }
 
-   pub fn from_sec(sec: u32) -> Self {
-      Self(sec * 1000)
-   }
+    pub fn from_sec(sec: u32) -> Self {
+        Self(sec * 1000)
+    }
 
-   pub fn from_minutes(min: u32) -> Self {
-      Self(min * 60 * 1000)
-   }
+    pub fn from_minutes(min: u32) -> Self {
+        Self(min * 60 * 1000)
+    }
 
-   pub fn from_hours(hrs: u32) -> Self {
-      Self(hrs * 60 * 60 * 1000)
-   }
+    pub fn from_hours(hrs: u32) -> Self {
+        Self(hrs * 60 * 60 * 1000)
+    }
 
-   pub fn from_days(days: u32) -> Self {
-      Self(days * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)
-   }
+    pub fn from_days(days: u32) -> Self {
+        Self(days * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)
+    }
 
-   pub fn s(&self) -> u32 {
-      (self.0 % 1000)
-   }
+    pub fn s(&self) -> u32 {
+        (self.0 % 1000)
+    }
 
-   pub fn k(&self) -> u32 {
-      self.0 / 1000
-   }
+    pub fn k(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.0 / 1000
+    }
 }
 
 impl Display for Kilosecond {
-   fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), Error> {
-      write![f, "{}K {}S", self.k(), self.s()]
-   }
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        write![f, "{}K {}S", self.k(), self.s()]
+    }
 }
 
 impl core::ops::Add for Kilosecond {
-   type Output = Self;
-   fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
-      Self(self.0 + rhs.0)
-   }
+    type Output = Self;
+    fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
+        Self(self.0 + rhs.0)
+    }
 }
 
 impl core::ops::Sub for Kilosecond {
-   type Output = Self;
-   fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
-      Self(self.0 - rhs.0)
-   }
+    type Output = Self;
+    fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
+        Self(self.0 - rhs.0)
+    }
 }
 
 impl From<Time> for Kilosecond {
-   fn from(t: Time) -> Self {
-      Self((t.hour as u32 * 3600 + t.minutes as u32 * 60 + t.seconds as u32) * 1000)
-   }
+    fn from(t: Time) -> Self {
+        Self((t.hour as u32 * 3600 + t.minutes as u32 * 60 + t.seconds as u32) * 1000)
+    }
 }
diff --git a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
index 3d872318..288d2b72 100644
--- a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 use crate::arch::drivers::sysinfo::master;
 use crate::arch::interrupts::{reset_pit_for_cpu, set_pit_2};
 use crate::devices::pci::brute_force_scan;
-use crate::filesystem::vfs::VFS;
+use crate::filesystem;
 use crate::systeminfo::{KERNEL_VERSION, RELEASE_TYPE};
 use crate::time::fetch_time;
-use crate::{filesystem, KERNEL_STATE};
 use crate::{
     arch::shutdown,
     rhai_shell::KEYBUFF,
     vterm::VTerm,
+    KERNEL_STATE,
     // wasm_jumploader::run_program,
 };
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ pub fn scratchpad() {
 
     disable();
     let tick_time = fetch_time();
-    let hostname = &KERNEL_STATE.lock().hostname;
+    let hostname = KERNEL_STATE.lock().hostname.clone();
 
     let allocator = ALLOCATOR.lock();
     let size = allocator.size();
@@ -122,13 +122,6 @@ pub fn scratchpad() {
         BANNER_WIDTH
     );
 
-    let root = {
-        let vfs = VFS.lock();
-        vfs.root_node()
-    };
-
-    filesystem::walk(root, "");
-
     real_shell();
 }
 
@@ -248,6 +241,7 @@ pub fn command_parser(user: String, command: String) {
         // }
         "test" => {}
         "quit" => shutdown(),
+        "tree" => filesystem::tree("/").unwrap(),
 
         _ => {
             // let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
diff --git a/repbuild/src/main.rs b/repbuild/src/main.rs
index 2deb7793..e3662bcf 100644
--- a/repbuild/src/main.rs
+++ b/repbuild/src/main.rs
@@ -10,213 +10,213 @@ use std::{fs, process::Command};
 use colored::*;
 
 struct Options {
-   pub subcommand: Subcommand,
-   pub arguments: Vec<String>,
+    pub subcommand: Subcommand,
+    pub arguments: Vec<String>,
 }
 
 enum Subcommand {
-   Doc,
-   Help,
-   Run,
-   Empty,
-   /// Run all tests for all architectures
-   Test,
-   Unknown(String),
+    Doc,
+    Help,
+    Run,
+    Empty,
+    /// Run all tests for all architectures
+    Test,
+    Unknown(String),
 }
 
 impl Subcommand {
-   fn from_str<S: AsRef<str>>(str: S) -> Subcommand {
-      match str.as_ref() {
-         "doc" => Subcommand::Doc,
-         "help" => Subcommand::Help,
-         "run" | "r" => Subcommand::Run,
-         "test" | "t" => Subcommand::Test,
-         "" => Subcommand::Empty,
-         unknown => Subcommand::Unknown(unknown.to_string()),
-      }
-   }
+    fn from_str<S: AsRef<str>>(str: S) -> Subcommand {
+        match str.as_ref() {
+            "doc" => Subcommand::Doc,
+            "help" => Subcommand::Help,
+            "run" | "r" => Subcommand::Run,
+            "test" | "t" => Subcommand::Test,
+            "" => Subcommand::Empty,
+            unknown => Subcommand::Unknown(unknown.to_string()),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 enum MachineType {
-   X86_64,
-   RiscV64,
-   AArch64,
-   Unknown(String),
+    X86_64,
+    RiscV64,
+    AArch64,
+    Unknown(String),
 }
 
 fn main() {
-   let options = options();
+    let options = options();
 
-   match options.subcommand {
-      Subcommand::Test => {
-         Command::new("cargo")
-            .args(["test", "--target=json_targets/x86_64-ableos.json"])
-            .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
-            .status()
-            .unwrap();
+    match options.subcommand {
+        Subcommand::Test => {
+            Command::new("cargo")
+                .args(["test", "--target=json_targets/x86_64-ableos.json"])
+                .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
+                .status()
+                .unwrap();
 
-         // panic!("Test Infrastructure missing");
-      }
-      Subcommand::Doc => {
-         let machine_text = options.arguments.get(0).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+            // panic!("Test Infrastructure missing");
+        }
+        Subcommand::Doc => {
+            let machine_text = options.arguments.get(0).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
 
-         match machine(machine_text) {
-            MachineType::X86_64 => {
-               Command::new("cargo")
-                  .args(["doc", "--open"])
-                  .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
-                  .status()
-                  .unwrap();
+            match machine(machine_text) {
+                MachineType::X86_64 => {
+                    Command::new("cargo")
+                        .args(["doc", "--open"])
+                        .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
+                        .status()
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
+                MachineType::RiscV64 => {
+                    Command::new("cargo")
+                        .args(["doc", "--open", "--target=riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf"])
+                        .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
+                        .status()
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
+                MachineType::AArch64 => {
+                    Command::new("cargo")
+                        .args(["doc", "--open", "--target=json_targets/aarch64-ableos.json"])
+                        .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
+                        .status()
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
+                MachineType::Unknown(unknown) => {
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "{}: unknown machine type `{}`",
+                        "error".red().bold(),
+                        unknown.bold(),
+                    );
+                    eprintln!("expected one of x86_64, riscv64 or aarch64");
+                }
             }
-            MachineType::RiscV64 => {
-               Command::new("cargo")
-                  .args(["doc", "--open", "--target=riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf"])
-                  .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
-                  .status()
-                  .unwrap();
-            }
-            MachineType::AArch64 => {
-               Command::new("cargo")
-                  .args(["doc", "--open", "--target=json_targets/aarch64-ableos.json"])
-                  .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
-                  .status()
-                  .unwrap();
-            }
-            MachineType::Unknown(unknown) => {
-               eprintln!(
-                  "{}: unknown machine type `{}`",
-                  "error".red().bold(),
-                  unknown.bold(),
-               );
-               eprintln!("expected one of x86_64, riscv64 or aarch64");
-            }
-         }
-      }
-      Subcommand::Help => help(),
-      Subcommand::Run => {
-         let machine_text = options.arguments.get(0).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
-         let debug = options.arguments.get(1).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
-         let debug = matches!(debug.as_str(), "--debug" | "--dbg" | "-d");
+        }
+        Subcommand::Help => help(),
+        Subcommand::Run => {
+            let machine_text = options.arguments.get(0).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+            let debug = options.arguments.get(1).cloned().unwrap_or_default();
+            let debug = matches!(debug.as_str(), "--debug" | "--dbg" | "-d");
 
-         match machine(machine_text) {
-            MachineType::X86_64 if debug => {
-               Command::new("cargo")
-                  .args(["run", "--", "-S", "-gdb", "tcp:9000"])
-                  .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
-                  .status()
-                  .unwrap();
-            }
-            MachineType::X86_64 => {
-               Command::new("cargo")
-                  .args(["run", "--release"])
-                  .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
-                  .status()
-                  .unwrap();
-            }
-            MachineType::RiscV64 if debug => {
-               eprintln!(
-                  "{}: debug is not implemented for riscv64",
-                  "error".red().bold()
-               );
-            }
-            MachineType::RiscV64 => {
-               Command::new("cargo")
-                  .args(["build", "--release", "--target=riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf"])
-                  .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
-                  .status()
-                  .unwrap();
+            match machine(machine_text) {
+                MachineType::X86_64 if debug => {
+                    Command::new("cargo")
+                        .args(["run", "--", "-S", "-gdb", "tcp:9000"])
+                        .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
+                        .status()
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
+                MachineType::X86_64 => {
+                    Command::new("cargo")
+                        .args(["run", "--release"])
+                        .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
+                        .status()
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
+                MachineType::RiscV64 if debug => {
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "{}: debug is not implemented for riscv64",
+                        "error".red().bold()
+                    );
+                }
+                MachineType::RiscV64 => {
+                    Command::new("cargo")
+                        .args(["build", "--release", "--target=riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf"])
+                        .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
+                        .status()
+                        .unwrap();
 
-               Command::new("qemu-system-riscv64")
-                  .args(["-machine", "virt"])
-                  .args(["-cpu", "rv64"])
-                  .args(["-smp", "8"])
-                  .args(["-m", "128M"])
-                  .arg("-bios")
-                  .arg("src/arch/riscv/firmwear/opensbi-riscv64-generic-fw_jump.bin")
-                  .arg("-kernel")
-                  .arg("target/riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf/release/ableos")
-                  .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
-                  .status()
-                  .unwrap();
-            }
-            MachineType::AArch64 if debug => {
-               eprintln!(
-                  "{}: debug is not implemented for aarch64",
-                  "error".red().bold()
-               );
-            }
-            MachineType::AArch64 => {
-               Command::new("cargo")
-                  .args([
-                     "build",
-                     "--release",
-                     "--target=json_targets/aarch64-ableos.json",
-                  ])
-                  .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
-                  .status()
-                  .unwrap();
+                    Command::new("qemu-system-riscv64")
+                        .args(["-machine", "virt"])
+                        .args(["-cpu", "rv64"])
+                        .args(["-smp", "8"])
+                        .args(["-m", "128M"])
+                        .arg("-bios")
+                        .arg("src/arch/riscv/firmwear/opensbi-riscv64-generic-fw_jump.bin")
+                        .arg("-kernel")
+                        .arg("target/riscv64gc-unknown-none-elf/release/ableos")
+                        .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
+                        .status()
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
+                MachineType::AArch64 if debug => {
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "{}: debug is not implemented for aarch64",
+                        "error".red().bold()
+                    );
+                }
+                MachineType::AArch64 => {
+                    Command::new("cargo")
+                        .args([
+                            "build",
+                            "--release",
+                            "--target=json_targets/aarch64-ableos.json",
+                        ])
+                        .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
+                        .status()
+                        .unwrap();
 
-               Command::new("qemu-system-aarch64")
-                  .args(["-machine", "virt"])
-                  .args(["-m", "1024M"])
-                  .args(["-cpu", "cortex-a53"])
-                  .args(["-kernel", "target/aarch64-ableos/release/ableos"])
-                  .args(["-device", "virtio-keyboard"])
-                  .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
-                  .status()
-                  .unwrap();
+                    Command::new("qemu-system-aarch64")
+                        .args(["-machine", "virt"])
+                        .args(["-m", "1024M"])
+                        .args(["-cpu", "cortex-a53"])
+                        .args(["-kernel", "target/aarch64-ableos/release/ableos"])
+                        .args(["-device", "virtio-keyboard"])
+                        .current_dir(fs::canonicalize("./ableos").unwrap())
+                        .status()
+                        .unwrap();
+                }
+                MachineType::Unknown(unknown) => {
+                    eprintln!(
+                        "{}: unknown machine type `{}`",
+                        "error".red().bold(),
+                        unknown.bold(),
+                    );
+                    eprintln!("expected one of x86_64, riscv64 or aarch64");
+                }
             }
-            MachineType::Unknown(unknown) => {
-               eprintln!(
-                  "{}: unknown machine type `{}`",
-                  "error".red().bold(),
-                  unknown.bold(),
-               );
-               eprintln!("expected one of x86_64, riscv64 or aarch64");
-            }
-         }
-      }
-      Subcommand::Empty => {
-         eprintln!("{}: no subcommand passed", "error".red().bold());
-         help();
-      }
-      Subcommand::Unknown(unknown) => {
-         eprintln!(
-            "{}: unknown subcommand `{}`",
-            "error".red().bold(),
-            unknown.bold()
-         );
-         help();
-      }
-   }
+        }
+        Subcommand::Empty => {
+            eprintln!("{}: no subcommand passed", "error".red().bold());
+            help();
+        }
+        Subcommand::Unknown(unknown) => {
+            eprintln!(
+                "{}: unknown subcommand `{}`",
+                "error".red().bold(),
+                unknown.bold()
+            );
+            help();
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 fn options() -> Options {
-   let subcommand = std::env::args().nth(1).unwrap_or_default();
-   let arguments = std::env::args().skip(2).collect();
+    let subcommand = std::env::args().nth(1).unwrap_or_default();
+    let arguments = std::env::args().skip(2).collect();
 
-   Options {
-      subcommand: Subcommand::from_str(subcommand),
-      arguments,
-   }
+    Options {
+        subcommand: Subcommand::from_str(subcommand),
+        arguments,
+    }
 }
 
 fn machine<S: AsRef<str>>(text: S) -> MachineType {
-   match text.as_ref() {
-      "x86" | "x86_64" => MachineType::X86_64,
-      "riscv" | "riscv64" => MachineType::RiscV64,
-      "arm" | "arm64" | "aarch64" => MachineType::AArch64,
-      "" => {
-         eprintln!(
-            "{}: no machine type passed, defaulting to x86_64",
-            "warning".yellow().bold()
-         );
-         MachineType::X86_64
-      }
-      unknown => MachineType::Unknown(unknown.to_string()),
-   }
+    match text.as_ref() {
+        "x86" | "x86_64" => MachineType::X86_64,
+        "riscv" | "riscv64" => MachineType::RiscV64,
+        "arm" | "arm64" | "aarch64" => MachineType::AArch64,
+        "" => {
+            eprintln!(
+                "{}: no machine type passed, defaulting to x86_64",
+                "warning".yellow().bold()
+            );
+            MachineType::X86_64
+        }
+        unknown => MachineType::Unknown(unknown.to_string()),
+    }
 }
 
 fn help() {
-   todo!("`help`")
+    todo!("`help`")
 }

From 8e487e1697fcc61d6f9c52905d50ac873f1c5382 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Sun, 7 Aug 2022 20:01:44 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 19/20] VFS: fix little oopsie

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
index e1cc3f94..a7e22032 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ impl VirtualFileSystem {
             Err(FsError::NotAbsolute)?;
         }
 
-        let mut components = path.split_terminator(path);
+        let mut components = path.split_terminator('/');
         components.next(); // throw the empty string caused by the root /
                            // will be initialised beforehand so okay to unwrap
         let mut resolved_node = self.root_handle.unwrap();

From 030a5812f73da0dde98094825b2fb1967bc4a960 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: TheOddGarlic <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
Date: Sun, 7 Aug 2022 20:39:42 +0300
Subject: [PATCH 20/20] make stuff use the new VFS interface

---
 ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs     |  15 ++--
 ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs      |   6 +-
 ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs      |  18 +++--
 ableos/src/scratchpad.rs          | 129 +++++++++++++-----------------
 ableos/src/wasm_jumploader/mod.rs |   7 +-
 5 files changed, 85 insertions(+), 90 deletions(-)

diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
index 82f93bd4..76dc14f2 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/ext2.rs
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ where
             Weak::new(),
         ));
 
-        let mut vfs = VFS.write();
+        let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
         let root_handle = vfs.add_fs_node(root.clone());
 
         Ok(Self {
@@ -94,13 +94,13 @@ where
             .fs
             .inode_nth(entry.inode)
             .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
-        let mut vfs = VFS.write();
+        let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
         let entry_node_handle = vfs
             .find_fs_node(entry.inode, self.device_handle)
             .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                 vfs.add_fs_node(Arc::new(FsNode::new(
                     ext2_type_to_fs_flags(entry_inode.type_perm()),
-                    inode.size(),
+                    entry_inode.size(),
                     entry.inode,
                     self.device_handle,
                     Weak::new(),
@@ -126,13 +126,17 @@ where
             }
 
             let entry = entry.unwrap();
+            let entry_inode = self
+                .fs
+                .inode_nth(entry.inode as usize)
+                .ok_or_else(|| FsError::InodeNotFound)?;
             if entry.file_name_string() == name {
                 found_node = Ok(vfs
                     .find_fs_node(entry.inode, self.device_handle)
                     .unwrap_or_else(|| {
                         vfs.add_fs_node(Arc::new(FsNode::new(
-                            ext2_type_to_fs_flags(inode.type_perm()),
-                            inode.size(),
+                            ext2_type_to_fs_flags(entry_inode.type_perm()),
+                            entry_inode.size(),
                             entry.inode,
                             self.device_handle,
                             Weak::new(),
@@ -155,6 +159,7 @@ where
 }
 
 fn ext2_type_to_fs_flags(type_perm: TypePerm) -> FsFlags {
+    trace!("{type_perm:?}");
     let is_directory = type_perm & TypePerm::DIRECTORY == TypePerm::DIRECTORY;
     let is_symlink = type_perm & TypePerm::SYMLINK == TypePerm::SYMLINK;
     let t = if is_directory {
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
index bbd076a3..c7350646 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/mod.rs
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ where
 pub fn init() -> Result<()> {
     let mut state = KERNEL_STATE.lock();
     let fs = load_fs()?;
-    let mut vfs = VFS.write();
+    let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
     vfs.set_root(fs.root())?;
     state.add_storage_device(fs);
     Ok(())
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ fn load_fs() -> Result<Ext2StorageDevice<Size1024, Vec<u8>>> {
 
 pub fn tree(path: &str) -> Result<()> {
     let dir = {
-        let mut vfs = VFS.write();
+        let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
         let handle = vfs.resolve(path)?;
         vfs.fs_node(handle).ok_or_else(|| FsError::NotFound)?
     };
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ fn tree_inner<S: Into<String>>(dir: Arc<FsNode>, path: S) {
     if let Some(dir) = dir.directory() {
         for entry in dir {
             let fs_node = {
-                let vfs = VFS.read();
+                let vfs = VFS.lock();
                 vfs.fs_node(entry.node()).unwrap()
             };
 
diff --git a/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs b/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
index a7e22032..5a8fdeb7 100644
--- a/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/filesystem/vfs.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use core::cmp;
 use alloc::sync::{Arc, Weak};
 use hashbrown::HashMap;
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
-use spin::RwLock;
+use spin::Mutex;
 
 use super::{errors::FsError, FsResult as Result};
 use crate::{
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ use crate::{
 const SYMLINK_RECURSION_LIMIT: u8 = 8;
 
 lazy_static! {
-    pub static ref VFS: RwLock<VirtualFileSystem> = Default::default();
+    pub static ref VFS: Mutex<VirtualFileSystem> = Default::default();
 }
 
 pub struct VirtualFileSystem {
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl Default for VirtualFileSystem {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct FsNode {
     flags: FsFlags,
-    length: usize,         // in bytes
+    size: usize,           // in bytes
     inode: usize,          // implementation specific identifier for the node
     device_handle: Handle, // uniquely assigned device handle
     ptr: Weak<FsNode>,     // used by mountpoints and symlinks
@@ -145,14 +145,14 @@ pub struct FsNode {
 impl FsNode {
     pub fn new(
         flags: FsFlags,
-        length: usize,
+        size: usize,
         inode: usize,
         device_handle: Handle,
         ptr: Weak<FsNode>,
     ) -> Self {
         Self {
             flags,
-            length,
+            size,
             inode,
             device_handle,
             ptr,
@@ -181,11 +181,11 @@ impl FsNode {
             Err(FsError::IsDirectory)?;
         }
 
-        if offset > self.length {
+        if offset > self.size {
             Err(FsError::EndOfFile)?;
         }
 
-        let readable_size = cmp::min(size, self.length - offset);
+        let readable_size = cmp::min(size, self.size - offset);
         device.read(self, offset, readable_size, buffer)?;
         Ok(readable_size)
     }
@@ -235,6 +235,10 @@ impl FsNode {
     pub fn inode(&self) -> usize {
         self.inode
     }
+
+    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.size
+    }
 }
 
 impl Drop for FsNode {
diff --git a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
index 288d2b72..2ce80e70 100644
--- a/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/scratchpad.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use crate::arch::drivers::sysinfo::master;
 use crate::arch::interrupts::{reset_pit_for_cpu, set_pit_2};
 use crate::devices::pci::brute_force_scan;
 use crate::filesystem;
+use crate::filesystem::vfs::VFS;
 use crate::systeminfo::{KERNEL_VERSION, RELEASE_TYPE};
 use crate::time::fetch_time;
 use crate::{
@@ -15,14 +16,11 @@ use crate::{
     rhai_shell::KEYBUFF,
     vterm::VTerm,
     KERNEL_STATE,
-    // wasm_jumploader::run_program,
+    wasm_jumploader::run_program,
 };
 
 use acpi::{AcpiTables, PlatformInfo};
 use cpuio::{inb, outb};
-use ext2::fs::sync::{DirectoryEntry, Synced};
-use ext2::{fs::Ext2, sector::Size1024};
-use genfs::{Fs, OpenOptions};
 use kernel::allocator::ALLOCATOR;
 use spin::Lazy;
 use x86_64::instructions::interrupts::{disable, enable};
@@ -196,18 +194,16 @@ pub fn real_shell() {
 }
 
 pub fn command_parser(user: String, command: String) {
-    // let fs = &*FILE_SYSTEM.lock();
     let mut iter = command.split_whitespace();
 
-    // TODO: update the open() function to take either a ableOS path or a b"/" type path
     let current_path = Path::new("/home/able".to_string());
     trace!("Current path: {:?}", current_path);
-    let current_path = b"/home/able/";
+    let current_path = "/home/able/";
 
     let bin_name = iter.next().unwrap();
 
     let mut strin = String::new();
-    for stri in iter {
+    for stri in iter.clone() {
         trace!("{}", stri);
         strin.push_str(stri);
     }
@@ -225,55 +221,59 @@ pub fn command_parser(user: String, command: String) {
         // note: able asked for rhaish to stay in the repo but will be removed
         //       in the future so just comment it out for now
         // "rhai" => {
-        //     drop(fs);
         //     shell();
         // }
-        // "list" | "ls" => {
-        //     for dir_entry in list_files_in_dir(fs, current_path) {
-        //         println!("{}", dir_entry.file_name_string());
-        //     }
-        // }
+        "list" | "ls" => {
+            let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
+            let handle = vfs.resolve(current_path).unwrap();
+            let dir = vfs.fs_node(handle).unwrap();
+            drop(vfs);
+            for dir_entry in dir.directory().unwrap() {
+                println!("{}", dir_entry.name());
+            }
+        }
 
-        // "echo" => match conf_args.1.arguments.get("p") {
-        //     Some(path) => echo_file(path.to_string(), fs),
-
-        //     None => println!("No path provided"),
-        // }
+        "echo" => match conf_args.1.arguments.get("p") {
+            Some(path) => echo_file(path.to_string()),
+            None => println!("No path provided"),
+        }
         "test" => {}
         "quit" => shutdown(),
         "tree" => filesystem::tree("/").unwrap(),
 
         _ => {
-            // let mut options = OpenOptions::new();
-            // options.read(true);
-            // let file = {
-            //     let path = format!("/home/{user}/bins/{bin_name}.wasm");
-            //     if let Ok(file) = fs.open(&path.as_bytes(), &options) {
-            //         file
-            //     } else {
-            //         let path = format!("/shared/bins/{bin_name}.wasm");
-            //         if let Ok(file) = fs.open(&path.as_bytes(), &options) {
-            //             file
-            //         } else {
-            //             let path = format!("/system/bins/{bin_name}.wasm");
-            //             match fs.open(&path.as_bytes(), &options) {
-            //                 Ok(file) => file,
-            //                 Err(error) => {
-            //                     trace!("{:?}", error);
-            println!("No such binary: {}", bin_name);
-            error!("No such binary: {}", bin_name);
-            //                 }
-            //             }
-            //         }
-            //     }
-            // };
+            let file = {
+                let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
+                let path = format!("/home/{user}/bins/{bin_name}.wasm");
+                let handle = if let Ok(file) = vfs.resolve(path) {
+                    file
+                } else {
+                    let path = format!("/shared/bins/{bin_name}.wasm");
+                    if let Ok(file) = vfs.resolve(path) {
+                        file
+                    } else {
+                        let path = format!("/system/bins/{bin_name}.wasm");
+                        match vfs.resolve(path) {
+                            Ok(file) => file,
+                            Err(error) => {
+                                trace!("{:?}", error);
+                                println!("No such binary: {}", bin_name);
+                                error!("No such binary: {}", bin_name);
+                                return;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
 
-            // let mut binary = vec![];
-            // file.read_to_end(&mut binary).unwrap();
+                vfs.fs_node(handle).unwrap()
+            };
 
-            // let args = iter.collect::<Vec<&str>>();
-            // println!("{:?}", args);
-            // run_program(&binary);
+            let mut binary = vec![];
+            file.read(0, file.size(), &mut binary).unwrap();
+
+            let args = iter.collect::<Vec<&str>>();
+            println!("{:?}", args);
+            run_program(&binary);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -304,40 +304,21 @@ pub fn sound_off() {
     reset_pit_for_cpu();
 }
 
-pub fn list_files_in_dir(
-    fs: &Synced<Ext2<Size1024, Vec<u8>>>,
-    _path: &[u8],
-) -> Vec<DirectoryEntry> {
-    let mut entry_list = vec![];
-
-    let dirr = fs.read_dir(b"/").unwrap();
-    for dir_entry in dirr {
-        entry_list.push(dir_entry.unwrap());
-    }
-
-    entry_list
-}
-
-pub static CURRENT_DIR: Lazy<spin::Mutex<String>> = Lazy::new(|| spin::Mutex::new("/".to_string()));
-
-pub fn echo_file(path: String, fs: &Synced<Ext2<Size1024, Vec<u8>>>) {
-    let mut current_dir = CURRENT_DIR.lock();
-
-    current_dir.push_str(&path);
-
-    let file = fs
-        .open(current_dir.as_bytes(), OpenOptions::new().read(true))
+pub fn echo_file(path: String) {
+    let mut current_path = String::from("/");
+    current_path.push_str(&path);
+    let mut vfs = VFS.lock();
+    let handle = vfs
+        .resolve(&current_path)
         .unwrap();
+    let file = vfs.fs_node(handle).unwrap();
 
     if file.is_dir() {
         // println!("{} is a directory", path);
     } else {
         let mut file_contents = Vec::new();
-
-        let _ret = file.read_to_end(&mut file_contents).unwrap();
-
+        file.read(0, file.size(), &mut file_contents).unwrap();
         let file_contents_str = String::from_utf8_lossy(&file_contents);
-
         println!("{}", file_contents_str);
     }
 }
diff --git a/ableos/src/wasm_jumploader/mod.rs b/ableos/src/wasm_jumploader/mod.rs
index 06177dca..21e7df91 100644
--- a/ableos/src/wasm_jumploader/mod.rs
+++ b/ableos/src/wasm_jumploader/mod.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,12 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2022, Umut İnan Erdoğan <umutinanerdogan@pm.me>
+ *
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+
 pub mod host_functions;
 
 use crate::wasm_jumploader::host_functions::HostExternals;
-// use genfs::{Fs, OpenOptions};
 use wasmi::{ImportsBuilder, ModuleInstance};
 
 pub fn interp() {