vga/src/vga.rs

344 lines
12 KiB
Rust

//! Provides access to the vga graphics card.
use super::{
vga_configurations::{
VgaConfiguration, MODE_40X25_CONFIGURATION, MODE_40X50_CONFIGURATION,
MODE_640X480X16_CONFIGURATION, MODE_80X25_CONFIGURATION,
},
vga_fonts::{VgaFont, TEXT_8X16_FONT, TEXT_8X8_FONT},
vga_registers::{
AttributeControllerRegisters, CrtcControllerIndex, CrtcControllerRegisters, EmulationMode,
GeneralRegisters, GraphicsControllerIndex, GraphicsControllerRegisters, SequencerIndex,
SequencerRegisters,
},
};
use conquer_once::spin::Lazy;
use spinning_top::Spinlock;
/// Provides mutable access to the vga graphics card.
pub static VGA: Lazy<Spinlock<Vga>> = Lazy::new(|| Spinlock::new(Vga::new()));
/// Represents the starting address of the frame buffer for
/// various video modes.
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
#[repr(u32)]
pub enum FrameBuffer {
/// The starting address for graphics modes.
GraphicsMode = 0xa0000,
/// The starting address for color text modes.
CgaMode = 0xb8000,
/// The starting address for monochrome text modes.
MdaMode = 0xb0000,
}
impl From<u8> for FrameBuffer {
fn from(value: u8) -> FrameBuffer {
match value {
0x1 => FrameBuffer::GraphicsMode,
0x2 => FrameBuffer::MdaMode,
0x3 => FrameBuffer::CgaMode,
_ => panic!("{:X} is not a valid FrameBuffer value", value),
}
}
}
impl From<FrameBuffer> for u32 {
fn from(value: FrameBuffer) -> u32 {
value as u32
}
}
/// Represents a plane for reading and writing vga data.
#[allow(dead_code)]
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
#[repr(u8)]
pub enum Plane {
/// Represents `Plane 0 (0x0)`.
Plane0 = 0x0,
/// Represents `Plane 1 (0x1)`.
Plane1 = 0x1,
/// Represents `Plane 2 (0x2)`.
Plane2 = 0x2,
/// Represents `Plane 3 (0x3)`.
Plane3 = 0x3,
}
impl From<Plane> for u8 {
fn from(value: Plane) -> u8 {
value as u8
}
}
/// Represents a specified vga video mode.
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy)]
pub enum VideoMode {
/// Represents text mode 40x25.
Mode40x25,
/// Represents text mode 40x50.
Mode40x50,
/// Represents text mode 80x25.
Mode80x25,
/// Represents graphics mode 640x480x16.
Mode640x480x16,
}
/// Represents a vga graphics card with it's common registers,
/// as well as the most recent video mode.
pub struct Vga {
general_registers: GeneralRegisters,
sequencer_registers: SequencerRegisters,
graphics_controller_registers: GraphicsControllerRegisters,
attribute_controller_registers: AttributeControllerRegisters,
crtc_controller_registers: CrtcControllerRegisters,
most_recent_video_mode: Option<VideoMode>,
}
impl Vga {
fn new() -> Vga {
Vga {
general_registers: GeneralRegisters::new(),
sequencer_registers: SequencerRegisters::new(),
graphics_controller_registers: GraphicsControllerRegisters::new(),
attribute_controller_registers: AttributeControllerRegisters::new(),
crtc_controller_registers: CrtcControllerRegisters::new(),
most_recent_video_mode: None,
}
}
/// Sets the vga graphics card to the given `VideoMode`.
pub fn set_video_mode(&mut self, video_mode: VideoMode) {
match video_mode {
VideoMode::Mode40x25 => self.set_video_mode_40x25(),
VideoMode::Mode40x50 => self.set_video_mode_40x50(),
VideoMode::Mode80x25 => self.set_video_mode_80x25(),
VideoMode::Mode640x480x16 => self.set_video_mode_640x480x16(),
}
}
/// Gets the `FrameBuffer` address as specified by the
/// `Miscellaneous Output Register`.
pub fn get_frame_buffer(&mut self) -> FrameBuffer {
let miscellaneous_graphics = self
.graphics_controller_registers
.read(GraphicsControllerIndex::Miscellaneous);
let memory_map_mode = (miscellaneous_graphics >> 0x2) & 0x3;
FrameBuffer::from(memory_map_mode)
}
/// Returns the most recent video mode, or `None` if no
/// video mode has been set yet.
pub fn get_most_recent_video_mode(&self) -> Option<VideoMode> {
self.most_recent_video_mode
}
/// `I/O Address Select` Bit 0 `(value & 0x1)` of MSR selects 3Bxh or 3Dxh as the I/O address for the CRT Controller
/// registers, the Feature Control Register (FCR), and Input Status Register 1 (ST01). Presently
/// ignored (whole range is claimed), but will "ignore" 3Bx for color configuration or 3Dx for
/// monochrome.
/// Note that it is typical in AGP chipsets to shadow this bit and properly steer I/O cycles to the
/// proper bus for operation where a MDA exists on another bus such as ISA.
///
/// 0 = Select 3Bxh I/O address `(EmulationMode::Mda)`
///
/// 1 = Select 3Dxh I/O address `(EmulationMode:Cga)`
fn get_emulation_mode(&mut self) -> EmulationMode {
EmulationMode::from(self.general_registers.read_msr() & 0x1)
}
fn load_font(&mut self, vga_font: &VgaFont) {
// Save registers
let (
plane_mask,
sequencer_memory_mode,
read_plane_select,
graphics_mode,
miscellaneous_graphics,
) = self.save_font_registers();
// Switch to flat addressing
self.sequencer_registers
.write(SequencerIndex::MemoryMode, sequencer_memory_mode | 0x04);
// Disable Even/Odd addressing
self.graphics_controller_registers
.write(GraphicsControllerIndex::GraphicsMode, graphics_mode & !0x10);
self.graphics_controller_registers.write(
GraphicsControllerIndex::Miscellaneous,
miscellaneous_graphics & !0x02,
);
// Write font to plane
self.set_plane(Plane::Plane2);
let frame_buffer = u32::from(self.get_frame_buffer()) as *mut u8;
for character in 0..vga_font.characters {
for row in 0..vga_font.character_height {
let offset = (character * 32) + row;
let font_offset = (character * vga_font.character_height) + row;
unsafe {
frame_buffer
.offset(offset as isize)
.write_volatile(vga_font.font_data[font_offset as usize]);
}
}
}
self.restore_font_registers(
plane_mask,
sequencer_memory_mode,
read_plane_select,
graphics_mode,
miscellaneous_graphics,
);
}
fn restore_font_registers(
&mut self,
plane_mask: u8,
sequencer_memory_mode: u8,
read_plane_select: u8,
graphics_mode: u8,
miscellaneous_graphics: u8,
) {
self.sequencer_registers
.write(SequencerIndex::PlaneMask, plane_mask);
self.sequencer_registers
.write(SequencerIndex::MemoryMode, sequencer_memory_mode);
self.graphics_controller_registers
.write(GraphicsControllerIndex::ReadPlaneSelect, read_plane_select);
self.graphics_controller_registers
.write(GraphicsControllerIndex::GraphicsMode, graphics_mode);
self.graphics_controller_registers.write(
GraphicsControllerIndex::Miscellaneous,
miscellaneous_graphics,
);
}
fn save_font_registers(&mut self) -> (u8, u8, u8, u8, u8) {
(
self.sequencer_registers.read(SequencerIndex::PlaneMask),
self.sequencer_registers.read(SequencerIndex::MemoryMode),
self.graphics_controller_registers
.read(GraphicsControllerIndex::ReadPlaneSelect),
self.graphics_controller_registers
.read(GraphicsControllerIndex::GraphicsMode),
self.graphics_controller_registers
.read(GraphicsControllerIndex::Miscellaneous),
)
}
/// Turns on the given `Plane` in the vga graphics card.
pub fn set_plane(&mut self, plane: Plane) {
let mut plane = u8::from(plane);
plane &= 0x3;
self.graphics_controller_registers
.write(GraphicsControllerIndex::ReadPlaneSelect, plane);
self.sequencer_registers
.write(SequencerIndex::PlaneMask, 0x1 << plane);
}
fn set_registers(&mut self, configuration: &VgaConfiguration) {
let emulation_mode = self.get_emulation_mode();
// Set miscellaneous output
self.general_registers
.write_msr(configuration.miscellaneous_output);
// Set the sequencer registers.
for (index, value) in configuration.sequencer_registers {
self.sequencer_registers.write(*index, *value);
}
// Unlock the crtc registers.
self.unlock_crtc_registers(emulation_mode);
// Set the crtc registers.
for (index, value) in configuration.crtc_controller_registers {
self.crtc_controller_registers
.write(emulation_mode, *index, *value);
}
// Set the grx registers.
for (index, value) in configuration.graphics_controller_registers {
self.graphics_controller_registers.write(*index, *value);
}
// Blank the screen so the palette registers are unlocked.
self.attribute_controller_registers
.blank_screen(emulation_mode);
// Set the arx registers.
for (index, value) in configuration.attribute_controller_registers {
self.attribute_controller_registers
.write(emulation_mode, *index, *value);
}
// Unblank the screen so the palette registers are locked.
self.attribute_controller_registers
.unblank_screen(emulation_mode);
}
/// Sets the video card to Mode 40x25.
fn set_video_mode_40x25(&mut self) {
self.set_registers(&MODE_40X25_CONFIGURATION);
self.load_font(&TEXT_8X16_FONT);
self.most_recent_video_mode = Some(VideoMode::Mode40x25);
}
/// Sets the video card to Mode 40x50.
fn set_video_mode_40x50(&mut self) {
self.set_registers(&MODE_40X50_CONFIGURATION);
self.load_font(&TEXT_8X8_FONT);
self.most_recent_video_mode = Some(VideoMode::Mode40x50);
}
/// Sets the video card to Mode 80x25.
fn set_video_mode_80x25(&mut self) {
self.set_registers(&MODE_80X25_CONFIGURATION);
self.load_font(&TEXT_8X16_FONT);
self.most_recent_video_mode = Some(VideoMode::Mode80x25);
}
/// Sets the video card to Mode 640x480x16.
fn set_video_mode_640x480x16(&mut self) {
self.set_registers(&MODE_640X480X16_CONFIGURATION);
self.most_recent_video_mode = Some(VideoMode::Mode640x480x16);
}
/// Unlocks the CRTC registers by setting bit 7 to 0 `(value & 0x7F)`.
///
/// `Protect Registers [0:7]`: Note that the ability to write to Bit 4 of the Overflow Register (CR07)
/// is not affected by this bit (i.e., bit 4 of the Overflow Register is always writeable).
///
/// 0 = Enable writes to registers `CR[00:07]`
///
/// 1 = Disable writes to registers `CR[00:07]`
fn unlock_crtc_registers(&mut self, emulation_mode: EmulationMode) {
// Setting bit 7 to 1 used to be required for `VGA`, but says it's
// ignored in modern hardware. Setting it to 1 just to be safe for older
// hardware. More information can be found here
// https://01.org/sites/default/files/documentation/intel-gfx-prm-osrc-hsw-display.pdf
// under `CR03 - Horizontal Blanking End Register`.
let horizontal_blanking_end = self
.crtc_controller_registers
.read(emulation_mode, CrtcControllerIndex::HorizontalBlankingEnd);
self.crtc_controller_registers.write(
emulation_mode,
CrtcControllerIndex::HorizontalBlankingEnd,
horizontal_blanking_end | 0x80,
);
let vertical_sync_end = self
.crtc_controller_registers
.read(emulation_mode, CrtcControllerIndex::VerticalSyncEnd);
self.crtc_controller_registers.write(
emulation_mode,
CrtcControllerIndex::VerticalSyncEnd,
vertical_sync_end & 0x7F,
);
}
}