964 lines
42 KiB
Plaintext
964 lines
42 KiB
Plaintext
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Planning Your Microsoft Whistler Advanced Server Installation
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Release Notes, Part 1 of 4
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Beta 2
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**********************************************************************
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(c) 2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
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These notes support a preliminary release of a software program that
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bears the project code name Whistler.
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This text file series helps you plan for the installation of
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Whistler Advanced Server on a domain (grouping) of two to five
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servers, serving 100 or fewer clients. For help with planning the
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installation of a larger number of servers, see the "Microsoft Windows
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2000 Server Resource Kit, Deployment Planning Guide."
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The following list of headings will help you find the information
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that applies to you:
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Sections to read if you are upgrading:
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1.0 System Requirements and Hardware Compatibility
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2.0 Important Files to Review
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3.1 Upgrading
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4.0 Decisions to Make for an Upgrade
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5.0 Upgrading an Existing Windows NT 4.0 Domain
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9.0 Choosing a File System
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Sections to read if you are performing a new installation:
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1.0 System Requirements and Hardware Compatibility
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2.0 Important Files to Review
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3.2 Installing
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6.0 Decisions to Make for a New Installation
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7.0 Choosing a Licensing Mode
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8.0 Deciding Whether a Computer Will Contain More Than One
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Operating System
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9.0 Choosing a File System
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10.0 Planning Disk Partitions for New Installations
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11.0 Choosing Components to Install
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12.0 Networks: TCP/IP, IP Addresses, and Name Resolution
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13.0 Deciding Between Workgroups and Domains
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After making the decisions outlined in this text file series, you'll
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be ready to run Whistler Setup and, later, to use the Configure Your
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Server Wizard. Together, Setup and the Configure Your Server Wizard
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help you get your servers up and running quickly. To find out more
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about the Configure Your Server Wizard, see Whistler Help and Support
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Services. To open Help and Support Services, after completing Setup,
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click Start, and then click Help and Support.
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======================================================================
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1.0 System Requirements and Hardware Compatibility
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======================================================================
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Before installing your server, make sure that you have chosen
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hardware that supports Whistler Advanced Server.
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1.1 System Requirements
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======================================================================
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To ensure adequate performance, the computers on which you
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will install Whistler Advanced Server must meet the following
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requirements:
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* Pentium or higher central processing unit (CPU).
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* On x86-based computers, the minimum CPU speed supported is 233
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MHz, with a recommended speed of 550 MHz.
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* On Itanium-based computers, the minimum CPU speed supported is
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800 MHz.
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* A maximum of 8 CPUs per computer are supported.
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* RAM:
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* On x86-based computers, 256 MB of RAM is recommended, while the
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minimum amount of RAM required is 128 MB and the maximum is
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32 GB.
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* On Itanium-based computers, the minimum amount of RAM required is
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1 GB.
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For computers with more than 4 GB of RAM, see the Hardware
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Compatibility List (HCL), described in "Hardware Compatibility"
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later in this text file series.
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* Hard disk partition: the minimum amount of space required is
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approximately 1 GB. More space might be needed, depending on the
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following:
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* The components being installed: the more components, the more
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space needed.
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* The file system used: FAT requires 100-200 MB more free disk
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space than other file systems. (NTFS is the recommended file
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system.)
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* The method used for installation: if installing across a
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network, allow 100-200 MB more space than if installing from
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the CD. (More driver files need to be available during
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installation across a network.)
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* The size of the paging file.
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In addition, a domain controller upgrade from Windows NT 4.0
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could require much more space than a new installation, because
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the existing user accounts database can expand by as much as
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a factor of ten during the upgrade as Active Directory
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functionality is added.
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Note: The setup process requires the free disk space described in
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The previous paragraphs. After Setup is finished, actual hard
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disk space used for the operating system (excluding user
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accounts) is usually less than the free space required for Setup,
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depending on the system components installed.
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For additional information about planning the sizes of disk
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partitions, including information about creating a separate
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partition for Remote Installation Services, see "Planning
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Disk Partitions for New Installations" later in this text
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file series.
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* VGA or higher-resolution monitor, keyboard, and (optionally) a
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mouse or other pointing device.
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Alternatively, for operation without a monitor or keyboard, you
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can choose a remote diagnostic and support processor from the
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list in the HCL. The HCL is described in the following section,
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"Hardware Compatibility."
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For CD installation:
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* A CD-ROM or DVD drive.
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For network installation:
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* One or more Whistler-compatible network adapters and related
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cables.
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* A server from which to offer network access for the setup files.
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1.2 Hardware Compatibility
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======================================================================
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Whistler Setup automatically checks your hardware and software and
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reports any potential conflicts. To ensure a successful installation,
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however, check to make sure your computer hardware is compatible with
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Whistler Advanced Server before running Setup.
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To do this, see the Whistler Hardware Compatibility List (HCL). If
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your hardware is not listed, Setup might not be successful. (Note that
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one type of hardware no longer supported is the microchannel bus.)
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To see the version of the HCL that was released with Whistler, on the
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Whistler CD, in the Support folder, open Hcl.txt. For the most up-to-
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date list of supported hardware, see the Hardware Compatibility List
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by visiting the Microsoft Web site at:
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http://www.microsoft.com/
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In addition, check that you have updated drivers for your hardware
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devices and that you have the latest system BIOS (for an x86-based
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computer) or Extensible Firmware Interface (for an Itanium-based
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computer). The device manufacturers can help you obtain these
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items. For more information about the ACPI standard for the BIOS, see
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"Understanding ACPI BIOS" later in this text file series.
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Finally, before installing Whistler Advanced Server, consider taking
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a device inventory of the hardware devices in your computer. For more
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information, see the following section.
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1.3 Taking an Optional Device Inventory
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======================================================================
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To ensure smooth functioning of your adapters and other devices in
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your computer, be sure to read "System Requirements" and "Hardware
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Compatibility" earlier in this text file series. For specific
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information about using a mass storage controller (such as a SCSI,
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RAID, or Fibre Channel adapter) with a driver that was supplied by the
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manufacturer, see "Providing a Mass Storage Driver or a HAL File"
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later in this text file series.
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Whistler includes Plug and Play technology so that devices (for
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example, video and network adapters) can be automatically recognized
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by the operating system, configuration conflicts are avoided, and you
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do not have to specify each device's settings by hand. However, if you
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have devices that do not use Plug and Play, or you are aware that your
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Plug and Play devices are not implemented exactly to the standards,
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you might want to take steps to avoid device configuration conflicts.
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This section describes the steps you can take, if you choose, to
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understand your device configuration before running Setup.
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To better understand the configuration of the devices in your
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computer, take an inventory. To do this, if your computer has an
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existing operating system, use it to obtain the current settings, such
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as memory address and interrupt request (IRQ), used with your devices.
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For example, with Windows NT 4.0, you can use Control Panel to view
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settings (on the Start menu, point to Settings, click Control Panel,
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and then double-click icons such as Network and Ports). You might also
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choose to view system BIOS information. To do this, watch the screen
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while starting the computer, and then press the appropriate key when
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prompted.
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During Setup, Whistler automatically takes a device inventory as
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well. However, taking your own inventory helps prevent the following
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difficulties:
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* If two or more adapters share IRQ settings or memory addresses,
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Whistler might not be able to resolve the conflict. To prevent
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this, you can take one of two approaches.
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You can remove one of the adapters before running Setup and
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re-install it afterward. For more information about hardware and
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configuration, see Whistler Help and Support Services. To open Help
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and Support Services, after completing Setup, click Start, and then
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click Help and Support.
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Alternatively, you can modify one adapter's IRQ settings and
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memory addresses before running Setup so that each adapter's
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settings are unique.
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* If adapters do not respond in a standard way to the attempts by
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Whistler to detect or enumerate them, Whistler might receive
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indecipherable or inaccurate information. In this case, you
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might need to remove these devices before running Setup, and
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re-install and configure them afterward. For more information
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about hardware and for configuration guidance, see Whistler Help
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and Support Services. To open Help and Support Services, after
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completing Setup, click Start, and then click Help and Support.
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The following table lists the kinds of information to gather before
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starting Setup.
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ADAPTER INFORMATION TO GATHER
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------------- -----------------------------------------------
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Video Adapter or chip set type and how many video
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adapters
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Network IRQ, I/O address, DMA (if used), connector
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type (for example, BNC or twisted pair),
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and bus type
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SCSI controller Adapter model or chip set, IRQ, and bus type
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Mouse Mouse type and port (COM1, COM2, bus, or PS/2)
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or USB
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I/O port IRQ, I/O address, and DMA (if used) for
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each I/O port
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Sound adapter IRQ, I/O address, and DMA
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Universal serial Devices and hubs attached
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bus (USB)
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PC card What adapters are inserted and in which slots
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Plug and Play Whether enabled or disabled in BIOS
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BIOS settings BIOS revision and date
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External modem Com port connections (COM1, COM2, and so on)
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Internal modem Com port connections; for nonstandard
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configurations, IRQ and I/0 address
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Advanced Enabled or disabled; current setting
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Configuration and
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Power Interface
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(ACPI); Power
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Options
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PCI What PCI adapters are inserted and in which
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slots
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1.3.1 Understanding ACPI BIOS
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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For x86-based computers, the basic input/output system (BIOS) is a
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set of software through which the operating system (or Setup)
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communicates with the computer's hardware devices. The Advanced
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Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) is the current standard for
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the way the BIOS works. Whistler supports not only ACPI-compliant BIOS
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versions, but also some BIOS versions based on older advanced power
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management (APM) and Plug and Play designs.
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Some ACPI-based BIOS versions are not compliant with the standard.
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The more recent the version of an ACPI BIOS, the more likely that it
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is compliant. An ACPI-based BIOS that is not compliant with the ACPI
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standard might not support workable communication between the
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operating system (or Setup) and your hardware. If workable
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communication is not supported, Setup stops and displays instructions
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for contacting your hardware manufacturer and taking other steps to
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solve the problem. If this happens, follow the instructions that
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appear on your screen.
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To learn more about the ACPI compliance of your BIOS:
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* For information about which ACPI-based BIOS versions are
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ACPI-compliant, see the Hardware Compatibility List (HCL) for
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Whistler. This is the definitive source for this information.
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For information about the HCL, see "Hardware Compatibility"
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earlier in this text file series.
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* For information about your BIOS version, before running Setup,
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restart the computer and watch the text on the screen. Pay
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particular attention to blocks of text containing the words
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"BIOS" or "ACPI BIOS."
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* For information about BIOS versions for your hardware, see your
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hardware documentation and contact your hardware manufacturer.
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======================================================================
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2.0 Important Files to Review
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======================================================================
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At some point in your planning process, before running Setup,
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familiarize yourself with important files found on the root directory
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of the Whistler Advanced Server CD:
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* Read1st.txt Contains critical preinstallation notes vital to the
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success of your installation.
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* Readme.doc Contains important usage information about hardware,
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networks, applications, and printing.
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You should also review the Hardware Compatibility List for Whistler
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Advanced Server. For more information, see "Hardware Compatibility"
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earlier in this text file series.
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======================================================================
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3.0 Deciding Whether to Upgrade or Install
|
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======================================================================
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After you have reviewed "System Requirements," "Hardware
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Compatibility," and "Important Files to Review" earlier in this text
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file series, and before you run Whistler Advanced Server Setup, you
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will need to determine whether to upgrade or to perform a new
|
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installation. Upgrading is replacing a version of Windows NT or
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Windows 2000 with Whistler Advanced Server. Installing, in contrast
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to upgrading, means wiping out the previous operating system, or
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installing Whistler Advanced Server on a disk or disk partition with
|
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no previous operating system.
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Note: Do not upgrade to or install Whistler on a compressed drive
|
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Unless the drive was compressed with the NTFS file system compression
|
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utility. Uncompress a DriveSpace or DoubleSpace volume before running
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Whistler Setup on it.
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If you have already decided whether to upgrade or to perform a new
|
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|
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installation, see the following sections later in this text file
|
||
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series:
|
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* For an upgrade: see "Decisions to Make for an Upgrade."
|
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* For a new installation: see "Decisions to Make for a New
|
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Installation."
|
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|
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There are several reasons to choose to upgrade. (To determine whether
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your old operating system is a version from which you can upgrade, see
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the following section, "Upgrading.") Configuration is simpler, and
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your existing users, settings, groups, rights, and permissions are
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retained. In addition, files and applications do not need to be
|
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re-installed. As with any major changes to the hard disk, however,
|
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you should back up the disk before running Setup.
|
||
|
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|
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It is possible to install Whistler Advanced Server and also allow the
|
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computer to sometimes run another operating system. Setting up the
|
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|
|
computer this way, however, presents complexities because of file
|
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|
|
system issues. For more information, see "Deciding Whether a Computer
|
||
|
|
Will Contain More Than One Operating System" later in this text file
|
||
|
|
series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
3.1 Upgrading
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you upgrade, Setup automatically installs Whistler into the same
|
||
|
|
folder as the currently installed operating system. You can upgrade
|
||
|
|
to Whistler Advanced Server from the following versions of Windows:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Windows NT Server version 4.0
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Windows NT Server version 4.0, Terminal Server Edition
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Windows NT Server version 4.0, Enterprise Edition
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Windows 2000 Server
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Windows 2000 Advanced Server
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If your computer is running Windows NT Server 4.0, Enterprise Edition,
|
||
|
|
you can upgrade to Whistler Advanced Server, but not Whistler Server.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Note: If you are running a version of Windows NT earlier than 4.0, you cannot upgrade directly to Whistler from it. You must first upgrade to Windows NT Server 4.0.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
3.2 Installing
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you plan to perform a new installation, note that:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* For a new installation on a disk partition that contains
|
||
|
|
applications you want to keep, you must back up the applications
|
||
|
|
and re-install them after installing Whistler Advanced Server.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* If you want to perform a new installation of Whistler Advanced
|
||
|
|
Server on a partition that previously contained Whistler
|
||
|
|
Advanced Server, and if you want to keep any documents saved in the
|
||
|
|
My Documents folder, back them up before beginning the
|
||
|
|
installation. You can use Search to find the documents. After
|
||
|
|
completing the new installation, you can copy the documents back to
|
||
|
|
the My Documents folder.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
4.0 Decisions to Make for an Upgrade
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you are upgrading, and you have a Windows NT 4.0 domain, you will
|
||
|
|
need to decide on the order of server upgrades. For more information,
|
||
|
|
see the following sections later in this text file series:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* "Upgrading an Existing Windows NT 4.0 Domain"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* "Planning the Order of Server Upgrades in a Windows NT 4.0 Domain"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* "Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0 Domain by Upgrading Domain Controllers
|
||
|
|
First"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* "Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0 Domain by Upgrading Member Servers
|
||
|
|
First"
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
In addition, if you are upgrading from Windows NT 4.0, you will need
|
||
|
|
to decide whether to convert the file system, on any FAT or FAT32
|
||
|
|
partitions you might have, to the NTFS file system. For more
|
||
|
|
information, see "Choosing a File System" later in this text file
|
||
|
|
series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
5.0 Upgrading an Existing Windows NT 4.0 Domain
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Domains are an important feature of Windows servers and clients. A
|
||
|
|
domain is a grouping of accounts and network resources under a single
|
||
|
|
domain name and security boundary. It is necessary to have one or more
|
||
|
|
domains if you want to use domain-based user accounts and other domain
|
||
|
|
security features in Whistler. (This was true for Windows NT and
|
||
|
|
Windows 2000 as well.)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
On computers running Whistler, servers can have one of three roles in
|
||
|
|
relation to domains:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Domain controllers contain matching copies of the user accounts
|
||
|
|
and other Active Directory data in a given domain.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Member servers belong to a domain but do not contain a copy of the
|
||
|
|
Active Directory data.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Stand-alone servers belong to a workgroup rather than a domain.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
A domain must have at least one domain controller. For resilience, a
|
||
|
|
domain should have multiple domain controllers to support the handling
|
||
|
|
of logon requests and directory updates.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Before running Setup, you should plan the roles that your servers will
|
||
|
|
Have within domains in Whistler. However, you can still adjust these
|
||
|
|
roles after completing Setup.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
There are a number of important points to remember about upgrading an
|
||
|
|
existing Windows NT 4.0 domain to run with Whistler:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* You must use the NTFS file system on domain controllers. In
|
||
|
|
addition, any servers that have any partition formatted with FAT
|
||
|
|
or FAT32 will lack many security features. For example, on FAT
|
||
|
|
or FAT32 partitions, a shared folder can be protected only by
|
||
|
|
the permissions set on the share, not on individual files, and
|
||
|
|
there is no software protection against local access to the
|
||
|
|
partition.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* If you want to upgrade a server and then use the same applications
|
||
|
|
as before, be sure to read about application compatibility.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
One important source of application compatibility information is
|
||
|
|
Read1st.txt and the Application Compatibility section of Readme.doc
|
||
|
|
(in the root directory of the Whistler CD). For more information
|
||
|
|
about these files, see "Important Files to Review" earlier in
|
||
|
|
this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* You can upgrade member servers before or after upgrading domain
|
||
|
|
controllers. However, when you upgrade the domain controllers in
|
||
|
|
a Windows NT domain to Whistler, you must upgrade the primary
|
||
|
|
domain controller first.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* When you begin upgrading domain controllers, if you have a remote
|
||
|
|
access server that is a member server, you should upgrade it before
|
||
|
|
the last domain controller is upgraded. Such a server is dependent
|
||
|
|
on domain controllers for user information and therefore should not
|
||
|
|
be "left behind" when domain controllers are upgraded. As an
|
||
|
|
alternative, you can weakendecrease the security permissions on
|
||
|
|
Active Directory so that the remote access server running Windows
|
||
|
|
NT can read user attributes from the Whistler domain controllers.
|
||
|
|
For more information, see the "Microsoft Windows 2000 Server
|
||
|
|
Resource Kit, Deployment Planning Guide."
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The roles of the servers in a domain are named somewhat differently
|
||
|
|
by computers running Whistler Advanced Server as compared with those
|
||
|
|
running Windows NT. On computers running Windows NT, the possible
|
||
|
|
roles were primary domain controller (limited to one per domain),
|
||
|
|
backup domain controller, member server, or stand-alone server.
|
||
|
|
Whistler has only one kind of domain controller (without a
|
||
|
|
"primary" or "backup" designation), and it includes the roles of
|
||
|
|
member server and stand-alone server. When you upgrade, Setup assigns
|
||
|
|
server roles as follows:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
ROLE IN WINDOWS NT DOMAIN ROLE IN WHISTLER DOMAIN
|
||
|
|
-------------------------- ---------------------------------------
|
||
|
|
Primary domain controller Domain controller
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Backup domain controller Your choice of domain controller or
|
||
|
|
member server
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Member server Member server
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Stand-alone server Stand-alone server
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
5.1 Planning the Order of Server Upgrades in a Windows NT 4.0 Domain
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
When planning the order of server upgrades in a Windows NT 4.0
|
||
|
|
domain, there are two somewhat different approaches to choose between:
|
||
|
|
upgrading the domain controllers first, or upgrading the member
|
||
|
|
servers first. You can mix these approaches. However, if you have a
|
||
|
|
Windows NT domain and you want to begin upgrading domain controllers,
|
||
|
|
you must upgrade the primary domain controller first.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you upgrade member servers first (without upgrading domain
|
||
|
|
controllers), a variety of features become available, but none that
|
||
|
|
require Active Directory. Once you begin upgrading domain controllers,
|
||
|
|
Active Directory features become available.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
For additional information about planning the order of server
|
||
|
|
upgrades in a Windows NT 4.0 domain, see the following:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* For background information about server roles (which you must
|
||
|
|
understand to plan the order of server upgrades), see "Upgrading
|
||
|
|
an Existing Windows NT 4.0 Domain" earlier in this text file
|
||
|
|
series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* For more detailed information about upgrading domains, or
|
||
|
|
information about upgrading domains with more than five servers,
|
||
|
|
see the "Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Resource Kit, Deployment
|
||
|
|
Planning Guide."
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* For information about how to carry out each kind of upgrade, see
|
||
|
|
"Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0 Domain by Upgrading Domain
|
||
|
|
Controllers First" or "Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0 Domain by
|
||
|
|
Upgrading Member Servers First" later in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The lists in "Features Available with Upgrade of Windows NT 4.0
|
||
|
|
Domain Controllers" and "Features Available with Upgrade of Any Server
|
||
|
|
in a Windows NT 4.0 Domain," later in this text file series, show the
|
||
|
|
features that are available with each approach to upgrading servers.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
5.1.1 Features Available with Upgrade of Windows NT 4.0 Domain
|
||
|
|
Controllers
|
||
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
When Windows NT domain controllers are upgraded and begin
|
||
|
|
communicating on a network, all the features of Whistler become
|
||
|
|
available through these servers. Of these features, the Active
|
||
|
|
Directory features are listed in this section, and a number of other
|
||
|
|
features are listed in "Features Available with Upgrade of Any Server
|
||
|
|
in a Windows NT 4.0 Domain" later in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Note: The features available when domain controllers are upgraded
|
||
|
|
include not only the features in the following list, but also the
|
||
|
|
features in "Features Available with Upgrade of Any Server in a
|
||
|
|
Windows NT 4.0 Domain" later in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Active Directory includes the following features:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Simplified management of network-resource information and user
|
||
|
|
information.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Group Policy, which you can use to set policies that apply across
|
||
|
|
a given site, domain, or organizational unit in Active
|
||
|
|
Directory.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Security and authentication features, including support for
|
||
|
|
Kerberos V5, Secure Sockets Layer V3, and Transport Layer
|
||
|
|
Security using X.509v3 certificates.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Directory consolidation, through which you can organize and
|
||
|
|
simplify the management of users, computers, applications, and
|
||
|
|
devices, and make it easier for users to find the information
|
||
|
|
they need. You can take advantage of synchronization support
|
||
|
|
through interfaces based on the Lightweight Directory Access
|
||
|
|
Protocol (LDAP) and work with directory consolidation
|
||
|
|
requirements specific to your applications.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Directory-enabled applications and infrastructure, which make
|
||
|
|
it easier to configure and manage applications and other
|
||
|
|
directory-enabled network components.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Scalability without complexity, a result of Active Directory
|
||
|
|
scaling to millions of objects per domain and using indexing
|
||
|
|
technology and advanced replication techniques to speed
|
||
|
|
performance.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Use of Internet standards, including access through LDAP and a
|
||
|
|
namespace based on the Domain Name System (DNS).
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Active Directory Service Interfaces (ADSI), a powerful development
|
||
|
|
environment.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Additional features.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
5.1.2 Features Available with Upgrade of Any Server in a Windows
|
||
|
|
NT 4.0 Domain
|
||
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The features in the following list are available when member servers
|
||
|
|
are upgraded in a Windows NT domain, regardless of whether domain
|
||
|
|
controllers have been upgraded. The features available when domain
|
||
|
|
controllers are upgraded include not only the features in the
|
||
|
|
following list, but also the features in the previous one.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Management tools:
|
||
|
|
Microsoft Management Console
|
||
|
|
Plug and Play
|
||
|
|
Device Manager
|
||
|
|
Add Hardware Wizard (in Control Panel)
|
||
|
|
Support for universal serial bus
|
||
|
|
Enhanced Backup utility
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* File system support: The version of NTFS in Whistler includes
|
||
|
|
support for disk quotas, the ability to defragment directory
|
||
|
|
structures, and compressed network I/O.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Application services: Win32 Driver Model, DirectX 7.0, and Windows
|
||
|
|
Script Host.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Printer protocol support: Device and protocol support allowing
|
||
|
|
choices from more than 2,500 different printers. Other printing
|
||
|
|
enhancements are included, for example, Internet Printing
|
||
|
|
Protocol support, which allows users to print directly to a URL
|
||
|
|
over an intranet or the Internet.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Scalability and availability: Improved symmetric multiprocessor
|
||
|
|
support as compared to Windows NT.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Security: Encrypting file system.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
5.2 Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0 Domain by Upgrading Domain Controllers First
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
You can upgrade a Windows NT 4.0 domain by taking one of two general
|
||
|
|
approaches: upgrading domain controllers first or member servers
|
||
|
|
first. If you are not sure which approach you want to take,
|
||
|
|
see "Planning the Order of Server Upgrades in a Windows NT 4.0 Domain"
|
||
|
|
earlier in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you upgrade your Windows NT domain by upgrading the domain
|
||
|
|
controllers first, the upgrade has the following three stages:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Carrying out backups and other preparations so you can restore the
|
||
|
|
previous installation if necessary.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Upgrading the primary domain controller. You must do this before
|
||
|
|
upgrading any backup domain controllers.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
* Upgrading other servers in the domain.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
This section describes the actions to take for these stages. For a
|
||
|
|
more in-depth discussion of planning the upgrade of domain
|
||
|
|
controllers, see the "Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Resource Kit,
|
||
|
|
Deployment Planning Guide." For information about what versions of
|
||
|
|
Windows NT can be upgraded to Whistler Advanced Server, see
|
||
|
|
"Upgrading" earlier in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
5.2.1 Backups and Other Preparations
|
||
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
As with any major change to the contents of hard disks on your
|
||
|
|
servers, you should back up each server before upgrading it. Also, be
|
||
|
|
sure to review "Preparing Your System for an Upgrade" later in this
|
||
|
|
text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
In addition, to safeguard your existing network integrity, you might
|
||
|
|
consider removing a backup domain controller temporarily from a
|
||
|
|
network. To do this, in your existing Windows NT network, choose a
|
||
|
|
backup domain controller, ensure that it has a current copy of the
|
||
|
|
user accounts database, and back it up. Then disconnect its network
|
||
|
|
cable. After upgrading your primary domain controller to Whistler (you
|
||
|
|
must upgrade the primary domain controller first), this disconnected
|
||
|
|
system is available for promotion to a Windows NT primary domain
|
||
|
|
controller if needed. However, in the course of a successful upgrade,
|
||
|
|
you would not and could not promote the Windows NT backup domain
|
||
|
|
controller to primary domain controller. Instead, you would continue
|
||
|
|
the upgrade process, eventually reconnecting the disconnected server
|
||
|
|
and upgrading it.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Also, for any computer that will be a domain controller in the
|
||
|
|
Whistler domain, make sure that there is plenty of free space on the
|
||
|
|
disk, beyond the space needed for the operating system itself. (For
|
||
|
|
information about the disk requirements for the operating system, see
|
||
|
|
"System Requirements" earlier in this text file series.) When Setup
|
||
|
|
upgrades the user accounts database from the format used by Windows NT
|
||
|
|
to the format used by Whistler Advanced Server, the database can
|
||
|
|
expand by as much as a factor of ten.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
5.2.2 Upgrading Servers
|
||
|
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The first domain controller to be upgraded in a Windows NT domain
|
||
|
|
must be the primary domain controller. As you upgrade this server, you
|
||
|
|
will be given the choices of creating a new domain or a child domain,
|
||
|
|
and of creating a new forest or a domain tree in an existing forest.
|
||
|
|
For the upgrading of a domain of two to five servers (which is the
|
||
|
|
size of domains discussed in this text file series), create a new
|
||
|
|
domain and a new forest. For information about domain structures to
|
||
|
|
use with larger numbers of servers, see the "Microsoft Windows 2000
|
||
|
|
Resource Kit, Deployment Planning Guide."
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
During the upgrade, you can choose the location of three important
|
||
|
|
items: the database containing user accounts and other Active
|
||
|
|
Directory data, the log file, and the system volume (SYSVOL) folder.
|
||
|
|
The database and the log file can be on any kind of partition (FAT,
|
||
|
|
FAT32, or NTFS). The database can expand by as much as a factor of ten
|
||
|
|
from the size it was in Windows NT, so allow plenty of room for it.
|
||
|
|
(Initially, the log file will take up very little space.) The SYSVOL
|
||
|
|
folder must be on an NTFS partition. (For information about
|
||
|
|
NTFS and other file systems, see "Choosing a File System" later in
|
||
|
|
this text file series.)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
After the primary domain controller is upgraded to a Whistler domain
|
||
|
|
controller, it will be fully backward-compatible. This means that the
|
||
|
|
domain controller appears as a Whistler domain controller to Whistler
|
||
|
|
servers and clients, but emulates a Windows NT 4.0 primary domain
|
||
|
|
controller to Windows NT 4.0 servers and clients.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
After upgrading your primary domain controller and ensuring that it
|
||
|
|
is functioning to your satisfaction, upgrade any backup domain
|
||
|
|
controllers next. (If possible, it is best to begin the upgrades soon,
|
||
|
|
rather than allowing a long delay.) Also, if you are running a remote
|
||
|
|
access server that is a member server, you should upgrade it
|
||
|
|
before the last domain controller is upgraded. A remote-access member
|
||
|
|
server is dependent on domain controllers for user information and
|
||
|
|
therefore should not be "left behind" when domain controllers are
|
||
|
|
upgraded. As an alternative, you can weaken the security permissions
|
||
|
|
on Active Directory so that the remote access server running Windows
|
||
|
|
NT can read user attributes from the Whistler domain controllers. For
|
||
|
|
more information, see the "Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Resource Kit,
|
||
|
|
Deployment Planning Guide."
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Note: When the second domain controller is upgraded, it copies the
|
||
|
|
first (formerly the primary) domain controller. Therefore, be sure
|
||
|
|
that the first domain controller is running and available on the
|
||
|
|
network as you upgrade the second. Similarly, be sure that at least
|
||
|
|
one Whistler domain controller is available on the network when you
|
||
|
|
upgrade the third, fourth, and any remaining Windows NT domain
|
||
|
|
controllers.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Upgrade the backup domain controllers one at a time (ensure that each
|
||
|
|
is backed up before upgrading). Start and test each server on the
|
||
|
|
network to ensure that it is functioning to your satisfaction before
|
||
|
|
upgrading another backup domain controller.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
When you have completely upgraded all domain controllers to Whistler
|
||
|
|
domain controllers, you have the option of changing the domain from
|
||
|
|
mixed mode (where Windows NT domain controllers can exist in the
|
||
|
|
domain) to native mode (where only Whistler domain controllers can
|
||
|
|
exist in the domain). This is an important decision, because you
|
||
|
|
cannot revert to mixed mode after changing to native mode.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
For information about domain trees, mixed mode, native mode, or any
|
||
|
|
other item related to domains, see the topics under Active Directory
|
||
|
|
in Whistler Help and Support Services. To open Help and Support
|
||
|
|
Services, after completing Setup, click Start, and then click Help and
|
||
|
|
Support. For information about performing upgrades in domains larger
|
||
|
|
than two to five servers, see the "Microsoft Windows 2000 Server
|
||
|
|
Resource Kit, Deployment Planning Guide."
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
5.3 Upgrading a Windows NT 4.0 Domain by Upgrading Member Servers
|
||
|
|
First
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
You can upgrade a Windows NT 4.0 domain by taking one of two general
|
||
|
|
approaches: upgrading domain controllers first or member servers
|
||
|
|
first. For information about the advantages and disadvantages of each
|
||
|
|
approach, see "Planning the Order of Server Upgrades in a Windows NT
|
||
|
|
4.0 Domain" earlier in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Note: If you have a remote access server that is a member server, and
|
||
|
|
you have begun upgrading any domain controllers, be sure to read
|
||
|
|
"Upgrading Servers" earlier in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Before upgrading any server, be sure to back it up, and review
|
||
|
|
"Preparing Your System for an Upgrade" later in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you upgrade a Windows NT 4.0 domain by upgrading member servers
|
||
|
|
first, you can upgrade one, a few, or all of the member servers at a
|
||
|
|
given time. Choose the order of the upgrades by considering which of
|
||
|
|
your servers would be most improved by the features in the Whistler
|
||
|
|
Server family. For information about the features available when
|
||
|
|
member servers are upgraded, see "Features Available with Upgrade of
|
||
|
|
Any Server in a Windows NT 4.0 Domain" earlier in this text file
|
||
|
|
series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
After upgrading member servers in a domain, when you are ready to
|
||
|
|
upgrade domain controllers, follow the instructions in "Upgrading a
|
||
|
|
Windows NT 4.0 Domain by Upgrading Domain Controllers First" earlier
|
||
|
|
in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
6.0 Decisions to Make for a New Installation
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The following list outlines the basic decisions you will need to make
|
||
|
|
if you have decided to perform a new installation. Each area is
|
||
|
|
discussed in more detail in the sections that follow. You will need
|
||
|
|
to consider the following:
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
6.1 What Licensing Mode to Use
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Products in the Whistler Server family support two licensing modes:
|
||
|
|
Per Seat and Per Server. The Per Seat mode requires a separate Client
|
||
|
|
Access License (CAL) for each computer that accesses a server running
|
||
|
|
Whistler. The Per Server mode requires a separate CAL for each
|
||
|
|
concurrent connection to a server.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you plan to use Terminal Server, you will probably choose Per Seat
|
||
|
|
licensing, and you will also need to install two components, Terminal
|
||
|
|
Server and Terminal Server Licensing. For more information about
|
||
|
|
licensing, see "Choosing a Licensing Mode" later in this text file
|
||
|
|
series. For more information about Terminal Server components,
|
||
|
|
see "Choosing Components to Install" later in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
6.2 Whether You Want to Be Able to Choose Between Different
|
||
|
|
Operating Systems Each Time You Start the Computer
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
A computer can be set up so that each time you restart it, you can
|
||
|
|
choose from several different operating systems. For more information,
|
||
|
|
see "Deciding Whether a Computer Will Contain More Than One Operating
|
||
|
|
System" later in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
6.3 What File System to Use
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The file systems to choose from are NTFS, FAT, and FAT32. You should
|
||
|
|
use NTFS because it is the only file system that supports Active
|
||
|
|
Directory, which includes many important features such as domains and
|
||
|
|
domain-based security. However, it might be necessary to have a FAT or
|
||
|
|
FAT32 partition in situations where you must set up a computer so that
|
||
|
|
it sometimes runs Whistler and sometimes runs Windows NT 4.0 or an
|
||
|
|
earlier operating system. For more information, see "Choosing a File
|
||
|
|
System" later in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
6.4 What Partition You Will Install On, or Whether You Will Need a
|
||
|
|
New Partition for Your Installation
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you are performing a new installation, you will need to review
|
||
|
|
your disk partitions before running Setup (for an upgrade, you will
|
||
|
|
use existing partitions). A partition divides a disk into one or more
|
||
|
|
areas that can be formatted for use by one file system. Different
|
||
|
|
partitions often have different drive letters (for example, C and
|
||
|
|
D). After running Setup, you can modify the partitioning of the disk.
|
||
|
|
For information about planning the partitions for a new installation,
|
||
|
|
see "Planning Disk Partitions for New Installations" later in this
|
||
|
|
text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
6.5 What Components to Install
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
There are a variety of optional components to choose from when
|
||
|
|
installing Whistler Advanced Server. You can install these components
|
||
|
|
during Setup, or you can add them later (through Add or Remove
|
||
|
|
Programs in Control Panel). Alternatively, you can use the Configure
|
||
|
|
Your Server Wizard, which will choose and install components for you
|
||
|
|
according to the type of server you specify. For more information
|
||
|
|
about components, see "Choosing Components to Install" later in this
|
||
|
|
text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
6.6 How to Handle Networks, IP Addresses, and TCP/IP Name Resolution
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Most networked computers currently use TCP/IP as the network
|
||
|
|
protocol. If you use a different network protocol, before running
|
||
|
|
Setup you will need to familiarize yourself with your current
|
||
|
|
settings. With TCP/IP (the protocol used on the Internet), you will
|
||
|
|
need to make decisions about how to handle IP addresses and how they
|
||
|
|
will be resolved (translated) into names that users recognize. For
|
||
|
|
more information, see "Networks: TCP/IP, IP Addresses, and Name
|
||
|
|
Resolution" later in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
6.7 Whether to Create Domains or Workgroups for Your Servers
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
A domain is a grouping of accounts and network resources under a
|
||
|
|
single domain name and security boundary. A workgroup is more basic,
|
||
|
|
intended only to help users find such things as printers and shared
|
||
|
|
folders within that group. Domains make it easier for an administrator
|
||
|
|
to control access to resources and keep track of users. For more
|
||
|
|
information, see "Upgrading an Existing Windows NT 4.0 Domain" earlier
|
||
|
|
in this text file series and "Deciding Between Workgroups and Domains"
|
||
|
|
later in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
7.0 Choosing a Licensing Mode
|
||
|
|
======================================================================
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
Products in the Whistler Server family support two licensing modes:
|
||
|
|
Per Seat and Per Server.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you choose the Per Seat mode, each computer that accesses a server
|
||
|
|
running Whistler requires a separate Client Access License (CAL). With
|
||
|
|
one CAL, a particular client computer can connect to any number of
|
||
|
|
servers. This is the most commonly used licensing method for companies
|
||
|
|
with more than one server running a product from the Whistler Server
|
||
|
|
family.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
In contrast, Per Server licensing means that each concurrent
|
||
|
|
connection to this server requires a separate CAL. In other words,
|
||
|
|
this server can support a fixed number of connections at any one time.
|
||
|
|
For example, if you selected the Per Server client licensing mode and
|
||
|
|
five concurrent connections, this server could have five computers
|
||
|
|
(clients) connected at any one time. Those computers would not need
|
||
|
|
any additional licenses.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
The Per Server licensing mode is often preferred by small companies
|
||
|
|
with only one server running Whistler Advanced Server. It is also
|
||
|
|
useful for Internet or remote access servers where the client
|
||
|
|
computers might not be licensed as Whistler network clients. You can
|
||
|
|
specify a maximum number of concurrent server connections and reject
|
||
|
|
any additional logon requests.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you are unsure which mode to use, choose Per Server because you can
|
||
|
|
change once from Per Server to Per Seat at no cost. (However, if you
|
||
|
|
plan to use Terminal Server, see the next paragraph.)
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
If you plan to use Terminal Server, the licensing mode is usually Per
|
||
|
|
Seat, except with the Terminal Server Internet Connector license
|
||
|
|
where the mode is always Per Server. In addition, you also need to
|
||
|
|
install two components: Terminal Server and Terminal Server Licensing.
|
||
|
|
For more information about these components, see "Choosing Components
|
||
|
|
to Install" later in this text file series.
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
(continued in AdvSrv2.txt)
|