//---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // // Memory cache object. // // Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation, 1997-2001. // //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- #include "ntsdp.hpp" typedef struct _CACHE { RTL_SPLAY_LINKS SplayLinks; ULONG64 Offset; ULONG Length; USHORT Flags; union { PUCHAR Data; HRESULT Status; } u; } CACHE, *PCACHE; #define C_ERROR 0x0001 // Cache of error code #define C_DONTEXTEND 0x0002 // Don't try to extend #define LARGECACHENODE 1024 // Size of large cache node VirtualMemoryCache g_VirtualCache; PhysicalMemoryCache g_PhysicalCache; BOOL g_PhysicalCacheActive; //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // // MemoryCache. // //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- MemoryCache::MemoryCache(void) { m_MaxSize = 1000 * 1024; m_UserSize = m_MaxSize; m_Reads = 0; m_CachedReads = 0; m_UncachedReads = 0; m_CachedBytes = 0; m_UncachedBytes = 0; m_Misses = 0; m_Size = 0; m_NodeCount = 0; m_PurgeOverride = FALSE; m_DecodePTEs = TRUE; m_ForceDecodePTEs = FALSE; m_Suspend = FALSE; m_Root = NULL; } MemoryCache::~MemoryCache(void) { Empty(); } HRESULT MemoryCache::Read(IN ULONG64 BaseAddress, IN PVOID UserBuffer, IN ULONG TransferCount, IN PULONG BytesRead) /*++ This function returns the specified data from the system being debugged using the current mapping of the processor. If the data is not in the cache, it will then be read from the target system. Arguments: BaseAddress - Supplies the base address of the memory to be copied into the UserBuffer. TransferCount - Amount of data to be copied to the UserBuffer. UserBuffer - Address to copy the requested data. BytesRead - Number of bytes which could actually be copied --*/ { HRESULT Status; PCACHE node, node2; ULONG nextlength; ULONG i, br; PUCHAR p; *BytesRead = 0; if (m_MaxSize == 0 || m_Suspend) { // // Cache is off // goto ReadDirect; } m_Reads++; node = Lookup(BaseAddress, TransferCount, &nextlength); Status = S_OK; for (;;) { BOOL Cached = FALSE; if (node == NULL || node->Offset > BaseAddress) { // // We are missing the leading data, read it into the cache // if (node) { // // Only get (exactly) enough data to reach neighboring cache // node. If an overlapped read occurs between the two nodes, // the data will be concatenated then. // nextlength = (ULONG)(node->Offset - BaseAddress); } p = Alloc (nextlength); node = (PCACHE) Alloc (sizeof (CACHE)); if (p == NULL || node == NULL) { // // Out of memory - just read directly to UserBuffer // if (p) { Free (p, nextlength); } if (node) { Free ((PUCHAR)node, sizeof (CACHE)); } m_UncachedReads++; m_UncachedBytes += TransferCount; goto ReadDirect; } // // Read missing data into cache node // node->Offset = BaseAddress; node->u.Data = p; node->Flags = 0; m_Misses++; m_UncachedReads++; Status = ReadUncached(BaseAddress, node->u.Data, nextlength, &br); if (Status == HRESULT_FROM_NT(STATUS_CONTROL_C_EXIT)) { Free (p, nextlength); Free ((PUCHAR)node, sizeof (CACHE)); return Status; } else if (Status != S_OK) { // // There was an error, cache the error for the starting // byte of this range // Free (p, nextlength); if (Status != HRESULT_FROM_NT(STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL) && Status != HRESULT_FROM_WIN32(ERROR_PARTIAL_COPY)) { // // For now be safe, don't cache this error // Free ((PUCHAR)node, sizeof (CACHE)); ErrOut("ReadMemoryError %08lx at %s\n", Status, FormatAddr64(BaseAddress)); return *BytesRead > 0 ? S_OK : Status; } node->Length = 1; node->Flags |= C_ERROR; node->u.Status = Status; } else { m_UncachedBytes += br; node->Length = br; if (br != nextlength) { // // Some data was not transfered, cache what was returned // node->Flags |= C_DONTEXTEND; m_Size -= (nextlength - br); } } // // Insert cache node into splay tree // InsertNode (node); } else { Cached = TRUE; m_CachedReads++; } if (node->Flags & C_ERROR) { // // Hit an error range, we're done // return *BytesRead > 0 ? S_OK : node->u.Status; } // // Move available data to UserBuffer // i = (ULONG)(BaseAddress - node->Offset); p = node->u.Data + i; i = (ULONG) node->Length - i; if (TransferCount < i) { i = TransferCount; } memcpy (UserBuffer, p, i); if (Cached) { m_CachedBytes += i; } TransferCount -= i; BaseAddress += i; UserBuffer = (PVOID)((PUCHAR)UserBuffer + i); *BytesRead += i; if (!TransferCount) { // // All of the user's data has been transfered // return S_OK; } // // Look for another cache node with more data // node2 = Lookup (BaseAddress, TransferCount, &nextlength); if (node2) { if ((node2->Flags & C_ERROR) == 0 && node2->Offset == BaseAddress && node2->Length + node->Length < LARGECACHENODE) { // // Data is continued in node2, adjoin the neigboring // cached data in node & node2 together. // p = Alloc (node->Length + node2->Length); if (p != NULL) { memcpy (p, node->u.Data, node->Length); memcpy (p+node->Length, node2->u.Data, node2->Length); Free (node->u.Data, node->Length); node->u.Data = p; node->Length += node2->Length; m_Root = (PCACHE) pRtlDelete ((PRTL_SPLAY_LINKS)node2); Free (node2->u.Data, node2->Length); Free ((PUCHAR)node2, sizeof (CACHE)); m_NodeCount--; continue; } } // // Only get enough data to reach the neighboring cache node2 // nextlength = (ULONG)(node2->Offset - BaseAddress); if (nextlength == 0) { // // Data is continued in node2, go get it. // node = node2; continue; } } else { if (node->Length > LARGECACHENODE) { // // Current cache node is already big enough. Don't extend // it, add another cache node. // node = NULL; continue; } } // // Extend the current node to include missing data // if (node->Flags & C_DONTEXTEND) { node = NULL; continue; } p = Alloc (node->Length + nextlength); if (!p) { node = NULL; continue; } memcpy (p, node->u.Data, node->Length); Free (node->u.Data, node->Length); node->u.Data = p; // // Add new data to end of this node // m_Misses++; m_UncachedReads++; Status = ReadUncached(BaseAddress, node->u.Data + node->Length, nextlength, &br); if (Status == HRESULT_FROM_NT(STATUS_CONTROL_C_EXIT)) { m_Size -= nextlength; return Status; } else if (Status != S_OK) { // // Return to error to the caller // node->Flags |= C_DONTEXTEND; m_Size -= nextlength; ErrOut("ReadMemoryError %08lx at %s\n", Status, FormatAddr64(BaseAddress)); return *BytesRead > 0 ? S_OK : Status; } m_UncachedBytes += br; if (br != nextlength) { node->Flags |= C_DONTEXTEND; m_Size -= (nextlength - br); } node->Length += br; // Loop, and move data to user's buffer } ReadDirect: Status = ReadUncached(BaseAddress, UserBuffer, TransferCount, &br); *BytesRead += br; if (Status != HRESULT_FROM_NT(STATUS_CONTROL_C_EXIT)) { Status = *BytesRead > 0 ? S_OK : Status; } return Status; } HRESULT MemoryCache::Write(IN ULONG64 BaseAddress, IN PVOID UserBuffer, IN ULONG TransferCount, OUT PULONG BytesWritten) { // Remove data from cache before writing through to target system. Remove(BaseAddress, TransferCount); return WriteUncached(BaseAddress, UserBuffer, TransferCount, BytesWritten); } PCACHE MemoryCache::Lookup ( ULONG64 Offset, ULONG Length, PULONG LengthUsed ) /*++ Routine Description: Walks the cache tree looking for a matching range closest to the supplied Offset. The length of the range searched is based on the past length, but may be adjusted slightly. This function will always search for the starting byte. Arguments: Offset - Starting byte being looked for in cache Length - Length of range being looked for in cache LengthUsed - Length of range which was really search for Return Value: NULL - data for returned range was not found PCACHE - leftmost cachenode which has data for returned range --*/ { PCACHE node, node2; ULONG64 SumOffsetLength; if (Length < 0x80 && m_Misses > 3) { // Try to cache more then tiny amount Length = 0x80; } SumOffsetLength = Offset + Length; if (SumOffsetLength < Length) { // // Offset + Length wrapped. Adjust Length to be only // enough bytes before wrapping. // Length = (ULONG)(0 - Offset); SumOffsetLength = (ULONG64)-1; } *LengthUsed = Length; // // Find leftmost cache node for BaseAddress thru BaseAddress+Length // node2 = NULL; node = m_Root; while (node != NULL) { if (SumOffsetLength <= node->Offset) { node = (PCACHE) RtlLeftChild(&node->SplayLinks); } else if (node->Offset + node->Length <= Offset) { node = (PCACHE) RtlRightChild(&node->SplayLinks); } else { if (node->Offset <= Offset) { // // Found starting byte // return node; } // // Check to see if there's a node which has a match closer // to the start of the requested range // node2 = node; Length = (ULONG)(node->Offset - Offset); node = (PCACHE) RtlLeftChild(&node->SplayLinks); } } return node2; } VOID MemoryCache::InsertNode ( IN PCACHE node ) { PCACHE node2; ULONG64 BaseAddress; // // Insert cache node into splay tree // RtlInitializeSplayLinks(&node->SplayLinks); m_NodeCount++; if (m_Root == NULL) { m_Root = node; return; } node2 = m_Root; BaseAddress = node->Offset; for (; ;) { if (BaseAddress < node2->Offset) { if (RtlLeftChild(&node2->SplayLinks)) { node2 = (PCACHE) RtlLeftChild(&node2->SplayLinks); continue; } RtlInsertAsLeftChild(node2, node); break; } else { if (RtlRightChild(&node2->SplayLinks)) { node2 = (PCACHE) RtlRightChild(&node2->SplayLinks); continue; } RtlInsertAsRightChild(node2, node); break; } } m_Root = (PCACHE) pRtlSplay((PRTL_SPLAY_LINKS)node2); } VOID MemoryCache::Add ( IN ULONG64 BaseAddress, IN PVOID UserBuffer, IN ULONG Length ) /*++ Routine Description: Insert some data into the cache. Arguments: BaseAddress - Virtual address Length - length to cache UserBuffer - data to put into cache Return Value: --*/ { PCACHE node; PUCHAR p; if (m_MaxSize == 0) { // // Cache is off // return; } // // Delete any cached info which hits range // Remove (BaseAddress, Length); p = Alloc (Length); node = (PCACHE) Alloc (sizeof (CACHE)); if (p == NULL || node == NULL) { // // Out of memory - don't bother // if (p) { Free (p, Length); } if (node) { Free ((PUCHAR)node, sizeof (CACHE)); } return; } // // Put data into cache node // node->Offset = BaseAddress; node->Length = Length; node->u.Data = p; node->Flags = 0; memcpy (p, UserBuffer, Length); InsertNode (node); } PUCHAR MemoryCache::Alloc ( IN ULONG Length ) /*++ Routine Description: Allocates memory for virtual cache, and tracks total memory usage. Arguments: Length - Amount of memory to allocate Return Value: NULL - too much memory is in use, or memory could not be allocated Otherwise, returns to address of the allocated memory --*/ { PUCHAR p; if (m_Size + Length > m_MaxSize) { return NULL; } if (!(p = (PUCHAR)malloc (Length))) { // // Out of memory - don't get any larger // m_Size = m_MaxSize + 1; return NULL; } m_Size += Length; return p; } VOID MemoryCache::Free ( IN PUCHAR Memory, IN ULONG Length ) /*++ Routine Description: Free memory allocated with Alloc. Adjusts cache is use totals. Arguments: Memory - Address of allocated memory Length - Length of allocated memory Return Value: NONE --*/ { m_Size -= Length; free (Memory); } VOID MemoryCache::Remove ( IN ULONG64 BaseAddress, IN ULONG TransferCount ) /*++ Routine Description: Invalidates range from the cache. Arguments: BaseAddress - Starting address to purge TransferCount - Length of area to purge Return Value: NONE --*/ { PCACHE node; ULONG bogus; // // Invalidate any data in the cache which covers this range // while (node = Lookup(BaseAddress, TransferCount, &bogus)) { // // For now just delete the entire cache node which hits the range // m_Root = (PCACHE) pRtlDelete (&node->SplayLinks); if (!(node->Flags & C_ERROR)) { Free (node->u.Data, node->Length); } Free ((PUCHAR)node, sizeof (CACHE)); m_NodeCount--; } } VOID MemoryCache::Empty ( VOID ) /*++ Routine Description: Purges to entire cache Arguments: NONE Return Value: NONE --*/ { PCACHE node, node2; m_Reads = 0; m_CachedReads = 0; m_UncachedReads = 0; m_CachedBytes = 0; m_UncachedBytes = 0; m_Misses = 0; if (!m_Root) { return; } if (m_PurgeOverride != 0) { WarnOut("WARNING: cache being held\n"); return; } node2 = m_Root; node2->SplayLinks.Parent = NULL; while ((node = node2) != NULL) { if ((node2 = (PCACHE) node->SplayLinks.LeftChild) != NULL) { node->SplayLinks.LeftChild = NULL; continue; } if ((node2 = (PCACHE) node->SplayLinks.RightChild) != NULL) { node->SplayLinks.RightChild = NULL; continue; } node2 = (PCACHE) node->SplayLinks.Parent; if (!(node->Flags & C_ERROR)) { free (node->u.Data); } free (node); } m_Size = 0; m_NodeCount = 0; m_Root = NULL; } VOID MemoryCache::PurgeType ( ULONG type ) /*++ Routine Description: Purges all nodes from the cache which match type in question Arguments: type - type of entries to purge from the cache 0 - entries of errored ranges 1 - plus, node which cache user mode entries Return Value: NONE --*/ { PCACHE node, node2; if (!m_Root) { return; } // // this purges the selected cache entries by copy the all the // cache nodes except from the ones we don't want // node2 = m_Root; node2->SplayLinks.Parent = NULL; m_Root = NULL; while ((node = node2) != NULL) { if ((node2 = (PCACHE)node->SplayLinks.LeftChild) != NULL) { node->SplayLinks.LeftChild = NULL; continue; } if ((node2 = (PCACHE)node->SplayLinks.RightChild) != NULL) { node->SplayLinks.RightChild = NULL; continue; } node2 = (PCACHE) node->SplayLinks.Parent; m_NodeCount--; if (node->Flags & C_ERROR) { // remove this one from the tree Free ((PUCHAR)node, sizeof (CACHE)); continue; } if ((type == 1) && (node->Offset < g_SystemRangeStart)) { // remove this one from the tree Free (node->u.Data, node->Length); Free ((PUCHAR)node, sizeof (CACHE)); continue; } // copy to the new tree InsertNode (node); } } VOID MemoryCache::SetForceDecodePtes(BOOL Enable) { m_ForceDecodePTEs = Enable; if (Enable) { m_MaxSize = 0; } else { m_MaxSize = m_UserSize; } Empty(); g_PhysicalCacheActive = Enable; g_PhysicalCache.Empty(); } void MemoryCache::ParseCommands(void) { ULONG64 Address; while (*g_CurCmd == ' ') { g_CurCmd++; } _strlwr(g_CurCmd); BOOL Parsed = TRUE; if (IS_KERNEL_TARGET()) { if (strcmp (g_CurCmd, "decodeptes") == 0) { PurgeType(0); m_DecodePTEs = TRUE; } else if (strcmp (g_CurCmd, "nodecodeptes") == 0) { m_DecodePTEs = FALSE; } else if (strcmp (g_CurCmd, "forcedecodeptes") == 0) { SetForceDecodePtes(TRUE); } else if (strcmp (g_CurCmd, "noforcedecodeptes") == 0) { SetForceDecodePtes(FALSE); } else { Parsed = FALSE; } } if (Parsed) { // Command already handled. } else if (strcmp (g_CurCmd, "hold") == 0) { m_PurgeOverride = TRUE; } else if (strcmp (g_CurCmd, "unhold") == 0) { m_PurgeOverride = FALSE; } else if (strcmp (g_CurCmd, "flushall") == 0) { Empty(); } else if (strcmp (g_CurCmd, "flushu") == 0) { PurgeType(1); } else if (strcmp (g_CurCmd, "suspend") == 0) { m_Suspend = TRUE; } else if (strcmp (g_CurCmd, "nosuspend") == 0) { m_Suspend = FALSE; } else if (strcmp (g_CurCmd, "dump") == 0) { Dump(); goto Done; } else if (*g_CurCmd == 'f') { while (*g_CurCmd >= 'a' && *g_CurCmd <= 'z') { g_CurCmd++; } Address = GetExpression(); Remove(Address, 4096); dprintf("Cached info for address %s for 4096 bytes was flushed\n", FormatAddr64(Address)); } else if (*g_CurCmd) { if (*g_CurCmd < '0' || *g_CurCmd > '9') { dprintf(".cache [{cachesize} | hold | unhold\n"); dprintf(".cache [flushall | flushu | flush addr]\n"); if (IS_KERNEL_TARGET()) { dprintf(".cache [decodeptes | nodecodeptes]\n"); dprintf(".cache [forcedecodeptes | noforcedecodeptes]\n"); } goto Done; } else { ULONG NewSize; NewSize = (ULONG)GetExpression() * 1024; if (0 > (LONG)NewSize) { dprintf("*** Cache size %ld (%#lx KB) is too large - " "cache unchanged.\n", NewSize, KBYTES(NewSize)); } else if (m_ForceDecodePTEs) { dprintf("Cache size update deferred until " "noforcedecodeptes\n"); m_UserSize = NewSize; } else { m_UserSize = NewSize; m_MaxSize = m_UserSize; if (m_MaxSize == 0) { Empty(); } } } } dprintf("\n"); dprintf("Max cache size is : %ld bytes (%#lx KB) %s\n", m_MaxSize, KBYTES(m_MaxSize), m_MaxSize ? "" : "(cache is off)"); dprintf("Total memory in cache : %ld bytes (%#lx KB) \n", m_Size - m_NodeCount * sizeof(CACHE), KBYTES(m_Size - m_NodeCount * sizeof(CACHE))); dprintf("Number of regions cached: %ld\n", m_NodeCount); ULONG TotalPartial; ULONG64 TotalBytes; double PerCached; TotalPartial = m_CachedReads + m_UncachedReads; TotalBytes = m_CachedBytes + m_UncachedBytes; dprintf("%d full reads broken into %d partial reads\n", m_Reads, TotalPartial); PerCached = TotalPartial ? (double)m_CachedReads * 100.0 / TotalPartial : 0.0; dprintf(" counts: %d cached/%d uncached, %.2lf%% cached\n", m_CachedReads, m_UncachedReads, PerCached); PerCached = TotalBytes ? (double)m_CachedBytes * 100.0 / TotalBytes : 0.0; dprintf(" bytes : %I64d cached/%I64d uncached, %.2lf%% cached\n", m_CachedBytes, m_UncachedBytes, PerCached); if (m_DecodePTEs) { dprintf ("** Transition PTEs are implicitly decoded\n"); } if (m_ForceDecodePTEs) { dprintf("** Virtual addresses are translated to " "physical addresses before access\n"); } if (m_PurgeOverride) { dprintf("** Implicit cache flushing disabled **\n"); } if (m_Suspend) { dprintf("** Cache access is suspended\n"); } Done: while (*g_CurCmd && *g_CurCmd != ';') { g_CurCmd++; } } void MemoryCache::Dump(void) { PCACHE Node; dprintf("Current size %x, max size %x\n", m_Size, m_MaxSize); dprintf("%d nodes:\n", m_NodeCount); DumpNode(m_Root); } void MemoryCache::DumpNode(PCACHE Node) { if (Node->SplayLinks.LeftChild) { DumpNode((PCACHE)Node->SplayLinks.LeftChild); } dprintf(" offset %s, length %3x, flags %x, status %08x\n", FormatAddr64(Node->Offset), Node->Length, Node->Flags, (Node->Flags & C_ERROR) ? Node->u.Status : S_OK); if (Node->SplayLinks.RightChild) { DumpNode((PCACHE)Node->SplayLinks.RightChild); } } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // // VirtualMemoryCache. // //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- HRESULT VirtualMemoryCache::ReadUncached(IN ULONG64 BaseAddress, IN PVOID UserBuffer, IN ULONG TransferCount, OUT PULONG BytesRead) { return g_Target->ReadVirtualUncached(BaseAddress, UserBuffer, TransferCount, BytesRead); } HRESULT VirtualMemoryCache::WriteUncached(IN ULONG64 BaseAddress, IN PVOID UserBuffer, IN ULONG TransferCount, OUT PULONG BytesWritten) { return g_Target->WriteVirtualUncached(BaseAddress, UserBuffer, TransferCount, BytesWritten); } //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- // // PhysicalMemoryCache. // //---------------------------------------------------------------------------- HRESULT PhysicalMemoryCache::ReadUncached(IN ULONG64 BaseAddress, IN PVOID UserBuffer, IN ULONG TransferCount, OUT PULONG BytesRead) { return g_Target->ReadPhysicalUncached(BaseAddress, UserBuffer, TransferCount, BytesRead); } HRESULT PhysicalMemoryCache::WriteUncached(IN ULONG64 BaseAddress, IN PVOID UserBuffer, IN ULONG TransferCount, OUT PULONG BytesWritten) { return g_Target->WritePhysicalUncached(BaseAddress, UserBuffer, TransferCount, BytesWritten); }