@rem = '--*-Perl-*-- @echo off if "%OS%" == "Windows_NT" goto WinNT perl -x -S "%0" %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9 goto endofperl :WinNT perl -x -S "%0" %* if NOT "%COMSPEC%" == "%SystemRoot%\system32\cmd.exe" goto endofperl if %errorlevel% == 9009 echo You do not have Perl in your PATH. goto endofperl @rem '; #!perl #line 14 ## ## Jeffrey Friedl (jfriedl@omron.co.jp) ## Copyri.... ah hell, just take it. ## ## This is "www.pl". ## Include (require) to use, execute ("perl www.pl") to print a man page. ## Requires my 'network.pl' library. package www; $version = "951219.9"; ## ## 951219.9 ## -- oops, stopped sending garbage Authorization line when no ## authorization was requested. ## ## 951114.8 ## -- added support for HEAD, If-Modified-Since ## ## 951017.7 ## -- Change to allow a POST'ed HTTP text to have newlines in it. ## Added 'NewURL to the open_http_connection %info. Idea courtesy ## of Bryan Schmersal (http://www.transarc.com/~bryans/Home.html). ## ## ## 950921.6 ## -- added more robust HTTP error reporting ## (due to steven_campbell@uk.ibm.com) ## ## 950911.5 ## -- added Authorization support ## ## ## HTTP return status codes. ## %http_return_code = (200,"OK", 201,"Created", 202,"Accepted", 203,"Partial Information", 204,"No Response", 301,"Moved", 302,"Found", 303,"Method", 304,"Not modified", 400,"Bad request", 401,"Unauthorized", 402,"Payment required", 403,"Forbidden", 404,"Not found", 500,"Internal error", 501,"Not implemented", 502,"Service temporarily overloaded", 503,"Gateway timeout"); ## ## If executed directly as a program, print as a man page. ## if (length($0) >= 6 && substr($0, -6) eq 'www.pl') { seek(DATA, 0, 0) || die "$0: can't reset internal pointer.\n"; print "www.pl version $version\n", '=' x 60, "\n"; while () { next unless /^##>/../^## ]?//; ## clean up print; } exit(0); } ## ## History: ## version 950425.4 ## added require for "network.pl" ## ## version 950425.3 ## re-did from "Www.pl" which was a POS. ## ## ## BLURB: ## A group of routines for dealing with URLs, HTTP sessions, proxies, etc. ## Requires my 'network.pl' package. The library file can be executed ## directly to produce a man page. ##> ## A motley group of routines for dealing with URLs, HTTP sessions, proxies, ## etc. Requires my 'network.pl' package. ## ## Latest version, as well as other stuff (including network.pl) available ## at http://www.wg.omron.co.jp/~jfriedl/perl/ ## ## Simpleton complete program to dump a URL given on the command-line: ## ## require 'network.pl'; ## required for www.pl ## require 'www.pl'; ## main routines ## $URL = shift; ## get URL ## ($status, $memo) = &www'open_http_url(*IN, $URL); ## connect ## die "$memo\n" if $status ne 'ok'; ## report any error ## print while ; ## dump contents ## ## There are various options available for open_http_url. ## For example, adding 'quiet' to the call, i.e. vvvvvvv-----added ## ($status, $memo) = &www'open_http_url(*IN, $URL, 'quiet'); ## suppresses the normal informational messages such as "waiting for data...". ## ## The options, as well as the various other public routines in the package, ## are discussed below. ## ##< ## ## Default port for the protocols whose URL we'll at least try to recognize. ## %default_port = ('http', 80, 'ftp', 21, 'gopher', 70, 'telnet', 23, 'wais', 210, ); ## ## A "URL" to "ftp.blah.com" without a protocol specified is probably ## best reached via ftp. If the hostname begins with a protocol name, it's ## easy. But something like "www." maps to "http", so that mapping is below: ## %name2protocol = ( 'www', 'http', 'wwwcgi','http', ); $last_message_length = 0; $useragent = "www.pl/$version"; ## ##> ############################################################################## ## routine: open_http_url ## ## Used as ## ($status, $memo, %info) = &www'open_http_url(*FILEHANDLE, $URL, options..) ## ## Given an unused filehandle, a URL, and a list of options, opens a socket ## to the URL and returns with the filehandle ready to read the data of the ## URL. The HTTP header, as well as other information, is returned in %info. ## ## OPTIONS are from among: ## ## "post" ## If PATH appears to be a query (i.e. has a ? in it), contact ## via a POST rather than a GET. ## ## "nofollow" ## Normally, if the initial contact indicates that the URL has moved ## to a different location, the new location is automatically contacted. ## "nofollow" inhibits this. ## ## "noproxy" ## Normally, a proxy will be used if 'http_proxy' is defined in the ## environment. This option inhibits the use of a proxy. ## ## "retry" ## If a host's address can't be found, it may well be because the ## nslookup just didn't return in time and that retrying the lookup ## after a few seconds will succeed. If this option is given, will ## wait five seconds and try again. May be given multiple times to ## retry multiple times. ## ## "quiet" ## Informational messages will be suppressed. ## ## "debug" ## Additional messages will be printed. ## ## "head" ## Requests only the file header to be sent ## ## ## ## ## The return array is ($STATUS, $MEMO, %INFO). ## ## STATUS is 'ok', 'error', 'status', or 'follow' ## ## If 'error', the MEMO will indicate why (URL was not http, can't ## connect, etc.). INFO is probably empty, but may have some data. ## See below. ## ## If 'status', the connnection was made but the reply was not a normal ## "OK" successful reply (i.e. "Not found", etc.). MEMO is a note. ## INFO is filled as noted below. Filehandle is ready to read (unless ## $info{'BODY'} is filled -- see below), but probably most useful ## to treat this as an 'error' response. ## ## If 'follow', MEMO is the new URL (for when 'nofollow' was used to ## turn off automatic following) and INFO is filled as described ## below. Unless you wish to give special treatment to these types of ## responses, you can just treat 'follow' responses like 'ok' ## responses. ## ## If 'ok', the connection went well and the filehandle is ready to ## read. ## ## INFO contains data as described at the read_http_header() function (in ## short, the HTTP response header) and additional informational fields. ## In addition, the following fields are filled in which describe the raw ## connection made or attempted: ## ## PROTOCOL, HOST, PORT, PATH ## ## Note that if a proxy is being used, these will describe the proxy. ## The field TARGET will describe the host or host:port ultimately being ## contacted. When no proxy is being used, this will be the same info as ## in the raw connection fields above. However, if a proxy is being used, ## it will refer to the final target. ## ## In some cases, the additional entry $info{'BODY'} exists as well. If ## the result-code indicates an error, the body of the message may be ## parsed for internal reasons (i.e. to support 'repeat'), and if so, it ## will be saved in $info{'BODY}. ## ## If the URL has moved, $info{'NewURL'} will exist and contain the new ## URL. This will be true even if the 'nofollow' option is specified. ## ##< ## sub open_http_url { local(*HTTP, $URL, @options) = @_; return &open_http_connection(*HTTP, $URL, undef, undef, undef, @options); } ## ##> ############################################################################## ## routine: read_http_header ## ## Given a filehandle to a just-opened HTTP socket connection (such as one ## created via &network'connect_to which has had the HTTP request sent), ## reads the HTTP header and and returns the parsed info. ## ## ($replycode, %info) = &read_http_header(*FILEHANDLE); ## ## $replycode will be the HTTP reply code as described below, or ## zero on header-read error. ## ## %info contains two types of fields: ## ## Upper-case fields are informational from the function. ## Lower-case fields are the header field/value pairs. ## ## Upper-case fields: ## ## $info{'STATUS'} will be the first line read (HTTP status line) ## ## $info{'CODE'} will be the numeric HTTP reply code from that line. ## This is also returned as $replycode. ## ## $info{'TYPE'} is the text from the status line that follows CODE. ## ## $info{'HEADER'} will be the raw text of the header (sans status line), ## newlines and all. ## ## $info{'UNKNOWN'}, if defined, will be any header lines not in the ## field/value format used to fill the lower-case fields of %info. ## ## Lower-case fields are reply-dependent, but in general are described ## in http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Protocols/HTTP/Object_Headers.html ## ## A header line such as ## Content-type: Text/Plain ## will appear as $info{'content-type'} = 'Text/Plain'; ## ## (*) Note that while the field names are are lower-cased, the field ## values are left as-is. ## ## ## When $replycode is zero, there are two possibilities: ## $info{'TYPE'} is 'empty' ## No response was received from the filehandle before it was closed. ## No other %info fields present. ## $info{'TYPE'} is 'unknown' ## First line of the response doesn't seem to be proper HTTP. ## $info{'STATUS'} holds that line. No other %info fields present. ## ## The $replycode, when not zero, is as described at ## http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/Protocols/HTTP/HTRESP.html ## ## Some of the codes: ## ## success 2xx ## ok 200 ## created 201 ## accepted 202 ## partial information 203 ## no response 204 ## redirection 3xx ## moved 301 ## found 302 ## method 303 ## not modified 304 ## error 4xx, 5xx ## bad request 400 ## unauthorized 401 ## paymentrequired 402 ## forbidden 403 ## not found 404 ## internal error 500 ## not implemented 501 ## service temporarily overloaded 502 ## gateway timeout 503 ## ##< ## sub read_http_header { local(*HTTP) = @_; local(%info, $_); ## ## The first line of the response will be the status (OK, error, etc.) ## unless (defined($info{'STATUS'} = )) { $info{'TYPE'} = "empty"; return (0, %info); } chop $info{'STATUS'}; ## ## Check the status line. If it doesn't match and we don't know the ## format, we'll just let it pass and hope for the best. ## unless ($info{'STATUS'} =~ m/^HTTP\S+\s+(\d\d\d)\s+(.*\S)/i) { $info{'TYPE'} = 'unknown'; return (0, %info); } $info{'CODE'} = $1; $info{'TYPE'} = $2; $info{'HEADER'} = ''; ## read the rest of the header. while () { last if m/^\s*$/; $info{'HEADER'} .= $_; ## save whole text of header. if (m/^([^\n:]+):[ \t]*(.*\S)/) { local($field, $value) = ("\L$1", $2); if (defined $info{$field}) { $info{$field} .= "\n" . $value; } else { $info{$field} = $value; } } elsif (defined $info{'UNKNOWN'}) { $info{'UNKNOWN'} .= $_; } else { $info{'UNKNOWN'} = $_; } } return ($info{'CODE'}, %info); } ## ##> ## ############################################################################## ## routine: grok_URL(URL, noproxy, defaultprotocol) ## ## Given a URL, returns access information. Deals with ## http, wais, gopher, ftp, and telnet ## URLs. ## ## Information returned is ## (PROTOCOL, HOST, PORT, PATH, TARGET, USER, PASSWORD) ## ## If noproxy is not given (or false) and there is a proxy defined ## for the given protocol (via the "*_proxy" environmental variable), ## the returned access information will be for the proxy and will ## reference the given URL. In this case, 'TARGET' will be the ## HOST:PORT of the original URL (PORT elided if it's the default port). ## ## Access information returned: ## PROTOCOL: "http", "ftp", etc. (guaranteed to be lowercase). ## HOST: hostname or address as given. ## PORT: port to access ## PATH: path of resource on HOST:PORT. ## TARGET: (see above) ## USER and PASSWORD: for 'ftp' and 'telnet' URLs, if supplied by the ## URL these will be defined, undefined otherwise. ## ## If no protocol is defined via the URL, the defaultprotocol will be used ## if given. Otherwise, the URL's address will be checked for a leading ## protocol name (as with a leading "www.") and if found will be used. ## Otherwise, the protocol defaults to http. ## ## Fills in the appropriate default port for the protocol if need be. ## ## A proxy is defined by a per-protocol environmental variable such ## as http_proxy. For example, you might have ## setenv http_proxy http://firewall:8080/ ## setenv ftp_proxy $http_proxy ## to set it up. ## ## A URL seems to be officially described at ## http://www.w3.org/hypertext/WWW/Addressing/URL/5_BNF.html ## although that document is a joke of errors. ## ##< ## sub grok_URL { local($_, $noproxy, $defaultprotocol) = @_; $noproxy = defined($noproxy) && $noproxy; ## Items to be filled in and returned. local($protocol, $address, $port, $path, $target, $user, $password); return undef unless m%^(([a-zA-Z]+)://|/*)([^/]+)(/.*)?$%; ## ## Due to a bug in some versions of perl5, $2 might not be empty ## even if $1 is. Therefore, we must check $1 for a : to see if the ## protocol stuff matched or not. If not, the protocol is undefined. ## ($protocol, $address, $path) = ((index($1,":") >= 0 ? $2 : undef), $3, $4); if (!defined $protocol) { ## ## Choose a default protocol if none given. If address begins with ## a protocol name (one that we know via %name2protocol or ## %default_port), choose it. Otherwise, choose http. ## if (defined $defaultprotocol) { $protocol = $defaultprotocol; } else { $address =~ m/^[a-zA-Z]+/; if (defined($name2protocol{"\L$&"})) { $protocol = $name2protocol{"\L$&"}; } else { $protocol = defined($default_port{"\L$&"}) ? $& : 'http'; } } } $protocol =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/; ## ensure lower-case. ## ## Http support here probably not kosher, but fits in nice for basic ## authorization. ## if ($protocol eq 'ftp' || $protocol eq 'telnet' || $protocol eq 'http') { ## Glean a username and password from address, if there. ## There if address starts with USER[:PASSWORD]@ if ($address =~ s/^(([^\@:]+)(:([^@]+))?\@)//) { ($user, $password) = ($2, $4); } } ## ## address left is (HOSTNAME|HOSTNUM)[:PORTNUM] ## if ($address =~ s/:(\d+)$//) { $port = $1; } else { $port = $default_port{$protocol}; } ## default path is '/'; $path = '/' if !defined $path; ## ## If there's a proxy and we're to proxy this request, do so. ## local($proxy) = $ENV{$protocol."_proxy"}; if (!$noproxy && defined($proxy) && !&no_proxy($protocol,$address)) { local($dummy); local($old_pass, $old_user); ## ## Since we're going through a proxy, we want to send the ## proxy the entire URL that we want. However, when we're ## doing Authenticated HTTP, we need to take out the user:password ## that webget has encoded in the URL (this is a bit sleazy on ## the part of webget, but the alternative is to have flags, and ## having them part of the URL like with FTP, etc., seems a bit ## cleaner to me in the context of how webget is used). ## ## So, if we're doing this slezy thing, we need to construct ## the new URL from the compnents we have now (leaving out password ## and user), decode the proxy URL, then return the info for ## that host, a "filename" of the entire URL we really want, and ## the user/password from the original URL. ## ## For all other things, we can just take the original URL, ## ensure it has a protocol on it, and pass it as the "filename" ## we want to the proxy host. The difference between reconstructing ## the URL (as for HTTP Authentication) and just ensuring the ## protocol is there is, except for the user/password stuff, ## nothing. In theory, at least. ## if ($protocol eq 'http' && (defined($password) || defined($user))) { $path = "http://$address$path"; $old_pass = $password; $old_user = $user; } else { ## Re-get original URL and ensure protocol// actually there. ## This will become our new path. ($path = $_) =~ s,^($protocol:)?/*,$protocol://,i; } ## note what the target will be $target = ($port==$default_port{$protocol})?$address:"$address:$port"; ## get proxy info, discarding ($protocol, $address, $port, $dummy, $dummy, $user, $password) = &grok_URL($proxy, 1); $password = $old_pass if defined $old_pass; $user = $old_user if defined $old_user; } ($protocol, $address, $port, $path, $target, $user, $password); } ## ## &no_proxy($protocol, $host) ## ## Returns true if the specified host is identified in the no_proxy ## environmental variable, or identify the proxy server itself. ## sub no_proxy { local($protocol, $targethost) = @_; local(@dests, $dest, $host, @hosts, $aliases); local($proxy) = $ENV{$protocol."_proxy"}; return 0 if !defined $proxy; $targethost =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/; ## ensure all lowercase; @dests = ($proxy); push(@dests,split(/\s*,\s*/,$ENV{'no_proxy'})) if defined $ENV{'no_proxy'}; foreach $dest (@dests) { ## just get the hostname $host = (&grok_URL($dest, 1), 'http')[1]; if (!defined $host) { warn "can't grok [$dest] from no_proxy env.var.\n"; next; } @hosts = ($host); ## throw in original name just to make sure ($host, $aliases) = (gethostbyname($host))[0, 1]; if (defined $aliases) { push(@hosts, ($host, split(/\s+/, $aliases))); } else { push(@hosts, $host); } foreach $host (@hosts) { next if !defined $host; return 1 if "\L$host" eq $targethost; } } return 0; } sub ensure_proper_network_library { require 'network.pl' if !defined $network'version; warn "WARNING:\n". __FILE__ . qq/ needs a newer version of "network.pl"\n/ if !defined($network'version) || $network'version < "950311.5"; } ## ##> ############################################################################## ## open_http_connection(*FILEHANDLE, HOST, PORT, PATH, TARGET, OPTIONS...) ## ## Opens an HTTP connection to HOST:PORT and requests PATH. ## TARGET is used only for informational messages to the user. ## ## If PORT and PATH are undefined, HOST is taken as an http URL and TARGET ## is filled in as needed. ## ## Otherwise, it's the same as open_http_url (including return value, etc.). ##< ## sub open_http_connection { local(*HTTP, $host, $port, $path, $target, @options) = @_; local($post_text, @error, %seen); local(%info); &ensure_proper_network_library; ## options allowed: local($post, $retry, $authorization, $nofollow, $noproxy, $head, $debug, $ifmodifiedsince, $quiet, ) = (0) x 10; ## parse options: foreach $opt (@options) { next unless defined($opt) && $opt ne ''; local($var, $val); if ($opt =~ m/^(\w+)=(.*)/) { ($var, $val) = ($1, $2); } else { $var = $opt; $val = 1; } $var =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/; ## ensure variable is lowercase. local(@error); eval "if (defined \$$var) { \$$var = \$val; } else { \@error = ('error', 'bad open_http_connection option [$opt]'); }"; return ('error', "open_http_connection eval: $@") if $@; return @error if defined @error; } $quiet = 0 if $debug; ## debug overrides quiet local($protocol, $error, $code, $URL, %info, $tmp, $aite); ## ## if both PORT and PATH are undefined, treat HOST as a URL. ## unless (defined($port) && defined($path)) { ($protocol,$host,$port,$path,$target)=&grok_URL($host,$noproxy,'http'); if ($protocol ne "http") { return ('error',"open_http_connection doesn't grok [$protocol]"); } unless (defined($host)) { return ('error', "can't grok [$URL]"); } } return ('error', "no port in URL [$URL]") unless defined $port; return ('error', "no path in URL [$URL]") unless defined $path; RETRY: while(1) { ## we'll want $URL around for error messages and such. if ($port == $default_port{'http'}) { $URL = "http://$host"; } else { $URL = "http://$host:$default_port{'http'}"; } $URL .= ord($path) eq ord('/') ? $path : "/$path"; $aite = defined($target) ? "$target via $host" : $host; &message($debug, "connecting to $aite ...") unless $quiet; ## ## note some info that might be of use to the caller. ## local(%preinfo) = ( 'PROTOCOL', 'http', 'HOST', $host, 'PORT', $port, 'PATH', $path, ); if (defined $target) { $preinfo{'TARGET'} = $target; } elsif ($default_port{'http'} == $port) { $preinfo{'TARGET'} = $host; } else { $preinfo{'TARGET'} = "$host:$port"; } ## connect to the site $error = &network'connect_to(*HTTP, $host, $port); if (defined $error) { return('error', "can't connect to $aite: $error", %preinfo); } ## If we're asked to POST and it looks like a POST, note post text. if ($post && $path =~ m/\?/) { $post_text = $'; ## everything after the '?' $path = $`; ## everything before the '?' } ## send the POST or GET request $tmp = $head ? 'HEAD' : (defined $post_text ? 'POST' : 'GET'); &message($debug, "sending request to $aite ...") if !$quiet; print HTTP $tmp, " $path HTTP/1.0\n"; ## send the If-Modified-Since field if needed. if ($ifmodifiedsince) { print HTTP "If-Modified-Since: $ifmodifiedsince\n"; } ## oh, let's sputter a few platitudes..... print HTTP "Accept: */*\n"; print HTTP "User-Agent: $useragent\n" if defined $useragent; ## If doing Authorization, do so now. if ($authorization) { print HTTP "Authorization: Basic ", &htuu_encode($authorization), "\n"; } ## If it's a post, send it. if (defined $post_text) { print HTTP "Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n"; print HTTP "Content-length: ", length $post_text, "\n\n"; print HTTP $post_text, "\n"; } print HTTP "\n"; &message($debug, "waiting for data from $aite ...") unless $quiet; ## we can now read the response (header, then body) via HTTP. binmode(HTTP); ## just in case. ($code, %info) = &read_http_header(*HTTP); &message(1, "header returns code $code ($info{'TYPE'})") if $debug; ## fill in info from %preinfo local($val, $key); while (($val, $key) = each %preinfo) { $info{$val} = $key; } if ($code == 0) { return('error',"empty response for $URL") if $info{'TYPE'} eq 'empty'; return('error', "non-HTTP response for $URL", %info) if $info{'TYPE'} eq 'unknown'; return('error', "unknown zero-code for $URL", %info); } if ($code == 302) ## 302 is magic for "Found" { if (!defined $info{'location'}) { return('error', "No location info for Found URL $URL", %info); } local($newURL) = $info{'location'}; ## Remove :80 from hostname, if there. Looks ugly. $newURL =~ s,^(http:/+[^/:]+):80/,$1/,i; $info{"NewURL"} = $newURL; ## if we're not following links or if it's not to HTTP, return. return('follow', $newURL, %info) if $nofollow || $newURL!~m/^http:/i; ## note that we've seen this current URL. $seen{$host, $port, $path} = 1; &message(1, qq/[note: now moved to "$newURL"]/) unless $quiet; ## get the new one and return an error if it's been seen. ($protocol, $host, $port, $path, $target) = &www'grok_URL($newURL, $noproxy); &message(1, "[$protocol][$host][$port][$path]") if $debug; if (defined $seen{$host, $port, $path}) { return('error', "circular reference among:\n ". join("\n ", sort grep(/^http/i, keys %seen)), %seen); } next RETRY; } elsif ($code == 500) ## 500 is magic for "internal error" { ## ## A proxy will often return this with text saying "can't find ## host" when in reality it's just because the nslookup returned ## null at the time. Such a thing should be retied again after a ## few seconds. ## if ($retry) { local($_) = $info{'BODY'} = join('', ); if (/Can't locate remote host:\s*(\S+)/i) { local($times) = ($retry == 1) ? "once more" : "up to $retry more times"; &message(0, "can't locate $1, will try $times ...") unless $quiet; sleep(5); $retry--; next RETRY; } } } if ($code != 200) ## 200 is magic for "OK"; { ## I'll deal with these as I see them..... &clear_message; if ($info{'TYPE'} eq '') { if (defined $http_return_code{$code}) { $info{'TYPE'} = $http_return_code{$code}; } else { $info{'TYPE'} = "(unknown status code $code)"; } } return ('status', $info{'TYPE'}, %info); } &clear_message; return ('ok', 'ok', %info); } } ## ## Hyper Text UUencode. Somewhat different from regular uuencode. ## ## Logic taken from Mosaic for X code by Mark Riordan and Ari Luotonen. ## sub htuu_encode { local(@in) = unpack("C*", $_[0]); local(@out); push(@in, 0, 0); ## in case we need to round off an odd byte or two while (@in >= 3) { ## ## From the next three input bytes, ## construct four encoded output bytes. ## push(@out, $in[0] >> 2); push(@out, (($in[0] << 4) & 060) | (($in[1] >> 4) & 017)); push(@out, (($in[1] << 2) & 074) | (($in[2] >> 6) & 003)); push(@out, $in[2] & 077); splice(@in, 0, 3); ## remove these three } ## ## @out elements are now indices to the string below. Convert to ## the appropriate actual text. ## foreach $new (@out) { $new = substr( "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/", $new, 1); } if (@in == 2) { ## the two left over are the two extra nulls, so we encoded the proper ## amount as-is. } elsif (@in == 1) { ## We encoded one extra null too many. Undo it. $out[$#out] = '='; } else { ## We must have encoded two nulls... Undo both. $out[$#out ] = '='; $out[$#out -1] = '='; } join('', @out); } ## ## This message stuff really shouldn't be here, but in some seperate library. ## Sorry. ## ## Called as &message(SAVE, TEXT ....), it shoves the text to the screen. ## If SAVE is true, bumps the text out as a printed line. Otherwise, ## will shove out without a newline so that the next message overwrites it, ## or it is clearded via &clear_message(). ## sub message { local($nl) = shift; die "oops $nl." unless $nl =~ m/^\d+$/; local($text) = join('', @_); local($NL) = $nl ? "\n" : "\r"; $thislength = length($text); if ($thislength >= $last_message_length) { print STDERR $text, $NL; } else { print STDERR $text, ' 'x ($last_message_length-$thislength), $NL; } $last_message_length = $nl ? 0 : $thislength; } sub clear_message { if ($last_message_length) { print STDERR ' ' x $last_message_length, "\r"; $last_message_length = 0; } } 1; __END__ __END__ :endofperl