1731 lines
35 KiB
Plaintext
1731 lines
35 KiB
Plaintext
=head1 NAME
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POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
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=head1 SYNOPSIS
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use POSIX;
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use POSIX qw(setsid);
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use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h);
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printf "EINTR is %d\n", EINTR;
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$sess_id = POSIX::setsid();
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$fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644);
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# note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle
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=head1 DESCRIPTION
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The POSIX module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard
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POSIX 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given Perl-ish
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interfaces. Things which are C<#defines> in C, like EINTR or O_NDELAY, are
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automatically exported into your namespace. All functions are only exported
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if you ask for them explicitly. Most likely people will prefer to use the
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fully-qualified function names.
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This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the POSIX
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module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general information on
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most features. Consult L<perlfunc> for functions which are noted as being
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identical to Perl's builtin functions.
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The first section describes POSIX functions from the 1003.1 specification.
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The second section describes some classes for signal objects, TTY objects,
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and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections list various
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constants and macros in an organization which roughly follows IEEE Std
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1003.1b-1993.
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=head1 NOTE
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The POSIX module is probably the most complex Perl module supplied with
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the standard distribution. It incorporates autoloading, namespace games,
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and dynamic loading of code that's in Perl, C, or both. It's a great
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source of wisdom.
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=head1 CAVEATS
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A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If you
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attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that they
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aren't implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent should one
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exist. For example, trying to access the setjmp() call will elicit the
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message "setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead".
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Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in fact
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are not so: they will not pass the PCTS (POSIX Compliance Test Suites).
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For example, one vendor may not define EDEADLK, or the semantics of the
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errno values set by open(2) might not be quite right. Perl does not
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attempt to verify POSIX compliance. That means you can currently
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successfully say "use POSIX", and then later in your program you find
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that your vendor has been lax and there's no usable ICANON macro after
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all. This could be construed to be a bug.
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=head1 FUNCTIONS
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=over 8
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=item _exit
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This is identical to the C function C<_exit()>.
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=item abort
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This is identical to the C function C<abort()>.
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=item abs
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<abs()> function.
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=item access
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Determines the accessibility of a file.
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if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){
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print "have read permission\n";
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}
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Returns C<undef> on failure.
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=item acos
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This is identical to the C function C<acos()>.
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=item alarm
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<alarm()> function.
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=item asctime
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This is identical to the C function C<asctime()>.
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=item asin
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This is identical to the C function C<asin()>.
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=item assert
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Unimplemented.
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=item atan
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This is identical to the C function C<atan()>.
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=item atan2
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<atan2()> function.
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=item atexit
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atexit() is C-specific: use END {} instead.
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=item atof
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atof() is C-specific.
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=item atoi
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atoi() is C-specific.
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=item atol
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atol() is C-specific.
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=item bsearch
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bsearch() not supplied.
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=item calloc
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calloc() is C-specific.
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=item ceil
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This is identical to the C function C<ceil()>.
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=item chdir
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chdir()> function.
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=item chmod
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chmod()> function.
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=item chown
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<chown()> function.
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=item clearerr
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Use method C<IO::Handle::clearerr()> instead.
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=item clock
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This is identical to the C function C<clock()>.
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=item close
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Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
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C<POSIX::open>.
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$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
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POSIX::close( $fd );
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Returns C<undef> on failure.
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=item closedir
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<closedir()> function.
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=item cos
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<cos()> function.
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=item cosh
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This is identical to the C function C<cosh()>.
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=item creat
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Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the ones returned by
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C<POSIX::open>. Use C<POSIX::close> to close the file.
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$fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 );
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POSIX::close( $fd );
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=item ctermid
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Generates the path name for the controlling terminal.
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$path = POSIX::ctermid();
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=item ctime
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This is identical to the C function C<ctime()>.
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=item cuserid
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Get the character login name of the user.
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$name = POSIX::cuserid();
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=item difftime
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This is identical to the C function C<difftime()>.
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=item div
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div() is C-specific.
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=item dup
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This is similar to the C function C<dup()>.
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This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
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C<POSIX::open>.
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Returns C<undef> on failure.
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=item dup2
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This is similar to the C function C<dup2()>.
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This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling
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C<POSIX::open>.
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Returns C<undef> on failure.
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=item errno
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Returns the value of errno.
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$errno = POSIX::errno();
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=item execl
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execl() is C-specific.
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=item execle
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execle() is C-specific.
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=item execlp
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execlp() is C-specific.
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=item execv
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execv() is C-specific.
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=item execve
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execve() is C-specific.
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=item execvp
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execvp() is C-specific.
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=item exit
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<exit()> function.
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=item exp
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<exp()> function.
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=item fabs
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<abs()> function.
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=item fclose
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Use method C<IO::Handle::close()> instead.
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=item fcntl
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<fcntl()> function.
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=item fdopen
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Use method C<IO::Handle::new_from_fd()> instead.
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=item feof
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Use method C<IO::Handle::eof()> instead.
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=item ferror
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Use method C<IO::Handle::error()> instead.
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=item fflush
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Use method C<IO::Handle::flush()> instead.
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=item fgetc
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Use method C<IO::Handle::getc()> instead.
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=item fgetpos
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Use method C<IO::Seekable::getpos()> instead.
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=item fgets
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Use method C<IO::Handle::gets()> instead.
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=item fileno
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Use method C<IO::Handle::fileno()> instead.
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=item floor
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This is identical to the C function C<floor()>.
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=item fmod
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This is identical to the C function C<fmod()>.
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=item fopen
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Use method C<IO::File::open()> instead.
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=item fork
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<fork()> function.
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=item fpathconf
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Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. This
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uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>.
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The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
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pathname on the filesystem which holds C</tmp/foo>.
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$fd = POSIX::open( "/tmp/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
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$path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
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Returns C<undef> on failure.
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=item fprintf
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fprintf() is C-specific--use printf instead.
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=item fputc
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fputc() is C-specific--use print instead.
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=item fputs
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fputs() is C-specific--use print instead.
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=item fread
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fread() is C-specific--use read instead.
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=item free
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free() is C-specific.
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=item freopen
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freopen() is C-specific--use open instead.
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=item frexp
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Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point number.
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($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 3.14 );
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=item fscanf
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fscanf() is C-specific--use <> and regular expressions instead.
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=item fseek
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Use method C<IO::Seekable::seek()> instead.
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=item fsetpos
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Use method C<IO::Seekable::setpos()> instead.
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=item fstat
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Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
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calling C<POSIX::open>. The data returned is identical to the data from
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Perl's builtin C<stat> function.
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$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
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@stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd );
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=item ftell
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Use method C<IO::Seekable::tell()> instead.
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=item fwrite
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fwrite() is C-specific--use print instead.
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=item getc
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getc()> function.
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=item getchar
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Returns one character from STDIN.
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=item getcwd
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Returns the name of the current working directory.
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=item getegid
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Returns the effective group id.
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=item getenv
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Returns the value of the specified enironment variable.
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=item geteuid
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Returns the effective user id.
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=item getgid
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Returns the user's real group id.
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=item getgrgid
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getgrgid()> function.
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=item getgrnam
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getgrnam()> function.
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=item getgroups
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Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups.
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=item getlogin
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getlogin()> function.
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=item getpgrp
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpgrp()> function.
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=item getpid
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Returns the process's id.
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=item getppid
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getppid()> function.
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=item getpwnam
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpwnam()> function.
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=item getpwuid
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<getpwuid()> function.
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=item gets
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Returns one line from STDIN.
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=item getuid
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Returns the user's id.
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=item gmtime
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<gmtime()> function.
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=item isalnum
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This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
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character or to a whole string.
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=item isalpha
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This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
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character or to a whole string.
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=item isatty
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Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified filehandle is connected
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to a tty.
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=item iscntrl
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This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
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character or to a whole string.
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=item isdigit
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This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
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character or to a whole string.
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=item isgraph
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This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
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character or to a whole string.
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=item islower
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This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
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character or to a whole string.
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=item isprint
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This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
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character or to a whole string.
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=item ispunct
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This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
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character or to a whole string.
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=item isspace
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This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
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character or to a whole string.
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=item isupper
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This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
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character or to a whole string.
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=item isxdigit
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This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single
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character or to a whole string.
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=item kill
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<kill()> function.
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=item labs
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labs() is C-specific, use abs instead.
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=item ldexp
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This is identical to the C function C<ldexp()>.
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=item ldiv
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ldiv() is C-specific, use / and int instead.
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=item link
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<link()> function.
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=item localeconv
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Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to a hash
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containing the current locale formatting values.
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The database for the B<de> (Deutsch or German) locale.
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$loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" );
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print "Locale = $loc\n";
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$lconv = POSIX::localeconv();
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print "decimal_point = ", $lconv->{decimal_point}, "\n";
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print "thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep}, "\n";
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print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping}, "\n";
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print "int_curr_symbol = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\n";
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print "currency_symbol = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\n";
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print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\n";
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print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\n";
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print "mon_grouping = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping}, "\n";
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print "positive_sign = ", $lconv->{positive_sign}, "\n";
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print "negative_sign = ", $lconv->{negative_sign}, "\n";
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print "int_frac_digits = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\n";
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print "frac_digits = ", $lconv->{frac_digits}, "\n";
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print "p_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes}, "\n";
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print "p_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space}, "\n";
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print "n_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes}, "\n";
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print "n_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space}, "\n";
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print "p_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn}, "\n";
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print "n_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn}, "\n";
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=item localtime
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<localtime()> function.
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=item log
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This is identical to Perl's builtin C<log()> function.
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=item log10
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This is identical to the C function C<log10()>.
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=item longjmp
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longjmp() is C-specific: use die instead.
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=item lseek
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Move the file's read/write position. This uses file descriptors such as
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those obtained by calling C<POSIX::open>.
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$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
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$off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET );
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Returns C<undef> on failure.
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=item malloc
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malloc() is C-specific.
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=item mblen
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This is identical to the C function C<mblen()>.
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=item mbstowcs
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This is identical to the C function C<mbstowcs()>.
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=item mbtowc
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This is identical to the C function C<mbtowc()>.
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=item memchr
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memchr() is C-specific, use index() instead.
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|
|
=item memcmp
|
|
|
|
memcmp() is C-specific, use eq instead.
|
|
|
|
=item memcpy
|
|
|
|
memcpy() is C-specific, use = instead.
|
|
|
|
=item memmove
|
|
|
|
memmove() is C-specific, use = instead.
|
|
|
|
=item memset
|
|
|
|
memset() is C-specific, use x instead.
|
|
|
|
=item mkdir
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<mkdir()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item mkfifo
|
|
|
|
This is similar to the C function C<mkfifo()>.
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item mktime
|
|
|
|
Convert date/time info to a calendar time.
|
|
|
|
Synopsis:
|
|
|
|
mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = 0)
|
|
|
|
The month (C<mon>), weekday (C<wday>), and yearday (C<yday>) begin at zero.
|
|
I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The
|
|
year (C<year>) is given in years since 1900. I.e. The year 1995 is 95; the
|
|
year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's C<mktime()> manpage for details
|
|
about these and the other arguments.
|
|
|
|
Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am.
|
|
|
|
$time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 );
|
|
print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t);
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item modf
|
|
|
|
Return the integral and fractional parts of a floating-point number.
|
|
|
|
($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 );
|
|
|
|
=item nice
|
|
|
|
This is similar to the C function C<nice()>.
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item offsetof
|
|
|
|
offsetof() is C-specific.
|
|
|
|
=item open
|
|
|
|
Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file descriptors, not
|
|
Perl filehandles. Use C<POSIX::close> to close the file.
|
|
|
|
Open a file read-only with mode 0666.
|
|
|
|
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo" );
|
|
|
|
Open a file for read and write.
|
|
|
|
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR );
|
|
|
|
Open a file for write, with truncation.
|
|
|
|
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC );
|
|
|
|
Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing.
|
|
|
|
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 );
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item opendir
|
|
|
|
Open a directory for reading.
|
|
|
|
$dir = POSIX::opendir( "/tmp" );
|
|
@files = POSIX::readdir( $dir );
|
|
POSIX::closedir( $dir );
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item pathconf
|
|
|
|
Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory.
|
|
|
|
The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable
|
|
pathname on the filesystem which holds C</tmp>.
|
|
|
|
$path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/tmp", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX );
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item pause
|
|
|
|
This is similar to the C function C<pause()>.
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item perror
|
|
|
|
This is identical to the C function C<perror()>.
|
|
|
|
=item pipe
|
|
|
|
Create an interprocess channel. This returns file descriptors like those
|
|
returned by C<POSIX::open>.
|
|
|
|
($fd0, $fd1) = POSIX::pipe();
|
|
POSIX::write( $fd0, "hello", 5 );
|
|
POSIX::read( $fd1, $buf, 5 );
|
|
|
|
=item pow
|
|
|
|
Computes $x raised to the power $exponent.
|
|
|
|
$ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent );
|
|
|
|
=item printf
|
|
|
|
Prints the specified arguments to STDOUT.
|
|
|
|
=item putc
|
|
|
|
putc() is C-specific--use print instead.
|
|
|
|
=item putchar
|
|
|
|
putchar() is C-specific--use print instead.
|
|
|
|
=item puts
|
|
|
|
puts() is C-specific--use print instead.
|
|
|
|
=item qsort
|
|
|
|
qsort() is C-specific, use sort instead.
|
|
|
|
=item raise
|
|
|
|
Sends the specified signal to the current process.
|
|
|
|
=item rand
|
|
|
|
rand() is non-portable, use Perl's rand instead.
|
|
|
|
=item read
|
|
|
|
Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
|
|
calling C<POSIX::open>. If the buffer C<$buf> is not large enough for the
|
|
read then Perl will extend it to make room for the request.
|
|
|
|
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY );
|
|
$bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 );
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item readdir
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<readdir()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item realloc
|
|
|
|
realloc() is C-specific.
|
|
|
|
=item remove
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<unlink()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item rename
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rename()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item rewind
|
|
|
|
Seeks to the beginning of the file.
|
|
|
|
=item rewinddir
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rewinddir()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item rmdir
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<rmdir()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item scanf
|
|
|
|
scanf() is C-specific--use <> and regular expressions instead.
|
|
|
|
=item setgid
|
|
|
|
Sets the real group id for this process.
|
|
|
|
=item setjmp
|
|
|
|
setjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead.
|
|
|
|
=item setlocale
|
|
|
|
Modifies and queries program's locale.
|
|
|
|
The following will set the traditional UNIX system locale behavior
|
|
(the second argument C<"C">).
|
|
|
|
$loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "C" );
|
|
|
|
The following will query (the missing second argument) the current
|
|
LC_CTYPE category.
|
|
|
|
$loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_CTYPE);
|
|
|
|
The following will set the LC_CTYPE behaviour according to the locale
|
|
environment variables (the second argument C<"">).
|
|
Please see your systems L<setlocale(3)> documentation for the locale
|
|
environment variables' meaning or consult L<perllocale>.
|
|
|
|
$loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_CTYPE, "");
|
|
|
|
The following will set the LC_COLLATE behaviour to Argentinian
|
|
Spanish. B<NOTE>: The naming and availability of locales depends on
|
|
your operating system. Please consult L<perllocale> for how to find
|
|
out which locales are available in your system.
|
|
|
|
$loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" );
|
|
|
|
=item setpgid
|
|
|
|
This is similar to the C function C<setpgid()>.
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item setsid
|
|
|
|
This is identical to the C function C<setsid()>.
|
|
|
|
=item setuid
|
|
|
|
Sets the real user id for this process.
|
|
|
|
=item sigaction
|
|
|
|
Detailed signal management. This uses C<POSIX::SigAction> objects for the
|
|
C<action> and C<oldaction> arguments. Consult your system's C<sigaction>
|
|
manpage for details.
|
|
|
|
Synopsis:
|
|
|
|
sigaction(sig, action, oldaction = 0)
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item siglongjmp
|
|
|
|
siglongjmp() is C-specific: use die instead.
|
|
|
|
=item sigpending
|
|
|
|
Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This uses C<POSIX::SigSet>
|
|
objects for the C<sigset> argument. Consult your system's C<sigpending>
|
|
manpage for details.
|
|
|
|
Synopsis:
|
|
|
|
sigpending(sigset)
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item sigprocmask
|
|
|
|
Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask. This uses
|
|
C<POSIX::SigSet> objects for the C<sigset> and C<oldsigset> arguments.
|
|
Consult your system's C<sigprocmask> manpage for details.
|
|
|
|
Synopsis:
|
|
|
|
sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0)
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item sigsetjmp
|
|
|
|
sigsetjmp() is C-specific: use eval {} instead.
|
|
|
|
=item sigsuspend
|
|
|
|
Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal arrives. This uses
|
|
C<POSIX::SigSet> objects for the C<signal_mask> argument. Consult your
|
|
system's C<sigsuspend> manpage for details.
|
|
|
|
Synopsis:
|
|
|
|
sigsuspend(signal_mask)
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item sin
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sin()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item sinh
|
|
|
|
This is identical to the C function C<sinh()>.
|
|
|
|
=item sleep
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sleep()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item sprintf
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sprintf()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item sqrt
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<sqrt()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item srand
|
|
|
|
srand().
|
|
|
|
=item sscanf
|
|
|
|
sscanf() is C-specific--use regular expressions instead.
|
|
|
|
=item stat
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<stat()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item strcat
|
|
|
|
strcat() is C-specific, use .= instead.
|
|
|
|
=item strchr
|
|
|
|
strchr() is C-specific, use index() instead.
|
|
|
|
=item strcmp
|
|
|
|
strcmp() is C-specific, use eq instead.
|
|
|
|
=item strcoll
|
|
|
|
This is identical to the C function C<strcoll()>.
|
|
|
|
=item strcpy
|
|
|
|
strcpy() is C-specific, use = instead.
|
|
|
|
=item strcspn
|
|
|
|
strcspn() is C-specific, use regular expressions instead.
|
|
|
|
=item strerror
|
|
|
|
Returns the error string for the specified errno.
|
|
|
|
=item strftime
|
|
|
|
Convert date and time information to string. Returns the string.
|
|
|
|
Synopsis:
|
|
|
|
strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1)
|
|
|
|
The month (C<mon>), weekday (C<wday>), and yearday (C<yday>) begin at zero.
|
|
I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The
|
|
year (C<year>) is given in years since 1900. I.e., the year 1995 is 95; the
|
|
year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's C<strftime()> manpage for details
|
|
about these and the other arguments. The given arguments are made consistent
|
|
by calling C<mktime()> before calling your system's C<strftime()> function.
|
|
|
|
The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995.
|
|
|
|
$str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 );
|
|
print "$str\n";
|
|
|
|
=item strlen
|
|
|
|
strlen() is C-specific, use length instead.
|
|
|
|
=item strncat
|
|
|
|
strncat() is C-specific, use .= instead.
|
|
|
|
=item strncmp
|
|
|
|
strncmp() is C-specific, use eq instead.
|
|
|
|
=item strncpy
|
|
|
|
strncpy() is C-specific, use = instead.
|
|
|
|
=item stroul
|
|
|
|
stroul() is C-specific.
|
|
|
|
=item strpbrk
|
|
|
|
strpbrk() is C-specific.
|
|
|
|
=item strrchr
|
|
|
|
strrchr() is C-specific, use rindex() instead.
|
|
|
|
=item strspn
|
|
|
|
strspn() is C-specific.
|
|
|
|
=item strstr
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<index()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item strtod
|
|
|
|
String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and the number
|
|
of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly
|
|
POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation
|
|
error, so clear $! before calling strtod. However, non-POSIX systems
|
|
may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
|
|
|
|
strtod should respect any POSIX I<setlocale()> settings.
|
|
|
|
To parse a string $str as a floating point number use
|
|
|
|
$! = 0;
|
|
($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str);
|
|
|
|
The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:
|
|
|
|
if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
|
|
die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
When called in a scalar context strtod returns the parsed number.
|
|
|
|
=item strtok
|
|
|
|
strtok() is C-specific.
|
|
|
|
=item strtol
|
|
|
|
String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed number and
|
|
the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly
|
|
POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation
|
|
error, so clear $! before calling strtol. However, non-POSIX systems
|
|
may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!.
|
|
|
|
strtol should respect any POSIX I<setlocale()> settings.
|
|
|
|
To parse a string $str as a number in some base $base use
|
|
|
|
$! = 0;
|
|
($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base);
|
|
|
|
The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When the base
|
|
is zero or omitted strtol will use the string itself to determine the
|
|
base: a leading "0x" or "0X" means hexadecimal; a leading "0" means
|
|
octal; any other leading characters mean decimal. Thus, "1234" is
|
|
parsed as a decimal number, "01234" as an octal number, and "0x1234"
|
|
as a hexadecimal number.
|
|
|
|
The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input:
|
|
|
|
if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) {
|
|
die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\n" : "\n";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
When called in a scalar context strtol returns the parsed number.
|
|
|
|
=item strtoul
|
|
|
|
String to unsigned (long) integer translation. strtoul is identical
|
|
to strtol except that strtoul only parses unsigned integers. See
|
|
I<strtol> for details.
|
|
|
|
Note: Some vendors supply strtod and strtol but not strtoul.
|
|
Other vendors that do suply strtoul parse "-1" as a valid value.
|
|
|
|
=item strxfrm
|
|
|
|
String transformation. Returns the transformed string.
|
|
|
|
$dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src );
|
|
|
|
=item sysconf
|
|
|
|
Retrieves values of system configurable variables.
|
|
|
|
The following will get the machine's clock speed.
|
|
|
|
$clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK );
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item system
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<system()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item tan
|
|
|
|
This is identical to the C function C<tan()>.
|
|
|
|
=item tanh
|
|
|
|
This is identical to the C function C<tanh()>.
|
|
|
|
=item tcdrain
|
|
|
|
This is similar to the C function C<tcdrain()>.
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item tcflow
|
|
|
|
This is similar to the C function C<tcflow()>.
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item tcflush
|
|
|
|
This is similar to the C function C<tcflush()>.
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item tcgetpgrp
|
|
|
|
This is identical to the C function C<tcgetpgrp()>.
|
|
|
|
=item tcsendbreak
|
|
|
|
This is similar to the C function C<tcsendbreak()>.
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item tcsetpgrp
|
|
|
|
This is similar to the C function C<tcsetpgrp()>.
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item time
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<time()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item times
|
|
|
|
The times() function returns elapsed realtime since some point in the past
|
|
(such as system startup), user and system times for this process, and user
|
|
and system times used by child processes. All times are returned in clock
|
|
ticks.
|
|
|
|
($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times();
|
|
|
|
Note: Perl's builtin C<times()> function returns four values, measured in
|
|
seconds.
|
|
|
|
=item tmpfile
|
|
|
|
Use method C<IO::File::new_tmpfile()> instead.
|
|
|
|
=item tmpnam
|
|
|
|
Returns a name for a temporary file.
|
|
|
|
$tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam();
|
|
|
|
=item tolower
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<lc()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item toupper
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<uc()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item ttyname
|
|
|
|
This is identical to the C function C<ttyname()>.
|
|
|
|
=item tzname
|
|
|
|
Retrieves the time conversion information from the C<tzname> variable.
|
|
|
|
POSIX::tzset();
|
|
($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname();
|
|
|
|
=item tzset
|
|
|
|
This is identical to the C function C<tzset()>.
|
|
|
|
=item umask
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<umask()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item uname
|
|
|
|
Get name of current operating system.
|
|
|
|
($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine ) = POSIX::uname();
|
|
|
|
=item ungetc
|
|
|
|
Use method C<IO::Handle::ungetc()> instead.
|
|
|
|
=item unlink
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<unlink()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item utime
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<utime()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item vfprintf
|
|
|
|
vfprintf() is C-specific.
|
|
|
|
=item vprintf
|
|
|
|
vprintf() is C-specific.
|
|
|
|
=item vsprintf
|
|
|
|
vsprintf() is C-specific.
|
|
|
|
=item wait
|
|
|
|
This is identical to Perl's builtin C<wait()> function.
|
|
|
|
=item waitpid
|
|
|
|
Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical to Perl's
|
|
builtin C<waitpid()> function.
|
|
|
|
$pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, &POSIX::WNOHANG );
|
|
print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\n";
|
|
|
|
=item wcstombs
|
|
|
|
This is identical to the C function C<wcstombs()>.
|
|
|
|
=item wctomb
|
|
|
|
This is identical to the C function C<wctomb()>.
|
|
|
|
=item write
|
|
|
|
Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by
|
|
calling C<POSIX::open>.
|
|
|
|
$fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY );
|
|
$buf = "hello";
|
|
$bytes = POSIX::write( $b, $buf, 5 );
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 CLASSES
|
|
|
|
=head2 POSIX::SigAction
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item new
|
|
|
|
Creates a new C<POSIX::SigAction> object which corresponds to the C
|
|
C<struct sigaction>. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is
|
|
no longer needed. The first parameter is the fully-qualified name of a sub
|
|
which is a signal-handler. The second parameter is a C<POSIX::SigSet>
|
|
object, it defaults to the empty set. The third parameter contains the
|
|
C<sa_flags>, it defaults to 0.
|
|
|
|
$sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT);
|
|
$sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( 'main::handler', $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP );
|
|
|
|
This C<POSIX::SigAction> object should be used with the C<POSIX::sigaction()>
|
|
function.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head2 POSIX::SigSet
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item new
|
|
|
|
Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed automatically
|
|
when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be supplied to initialize the
|
|
set.
|
|
|
|
Create an empty set.
|
|
|
|
$sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new;
|
|
|
|
Create a set with SIGUSR1.
|
|
|
|
$sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 );
|
|
|
|
=item addset
|
|
|
|
Add a signal to a SigSet object.
|
|
|
|
$sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item delset
|
|
|
|
Remove a signal from the SigSet object.
|
|
|
|
$sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 );
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item emptyset
|
|
|
|
Initialize the SigSet object to be empty.
|
|
|
|
$sigset->emptyset();
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item fillset
|
|
|
|
Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals.
|
|
|
|
$sigset->fillset();
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item ismember
|
|
|
|
Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific signal.
|
|
|
|
if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){
|
|
print "contains SIGUSR1\n";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head2 POSIX::Termios
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item new
|
|
|
|
Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed automatically
|
|
when it is no longer needed. A Termios object corresponds to the termios
|
|
C struct. new() mallocs a new one, getattr() fills it from a file descriptor,
|
|
and setattr() sets a file descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents.
|
|
|
|
$termios = POSIX::Termios->new;
|
|
|
|
=item getattr
|
|
|
|
Get terminal control attributes.
|
|
|
|
Obtain the attributes for stdin.
|
|
|
|
$termios->getattr()
|
|
|
|
Obtain the attributes for stdout.
|
|
|
|
$termios->getattr( 1 )
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item getcc
|
|
|
|
Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is
|
|
an array so an index must be specified.
|
|
|
|
$c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1);
|
|
|
|
=item getcflag
|
|
|
|
Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object.
|
|
|
|
$c_cflag = $termios->getcflag;
|
|
|
|
=item getiflag
|
|
|
|
Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object.
|
|
|
|
$c_iflag = $termios->getiflag;
|
|
|
|
=item getispeed
|
|
|
|
Retrieve the input baud rate.
|
|
|
|
$ispeed = $termios->getispeed;
|
|
|
|
=item getlflag
|
|
|
|
Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object.
|
|
|
|
$c_lflag = $termios->getlflag;
|
|
|
|
=item getoflag
|
|
|
|
Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object.
|
|
|
|
$c_oflag = $termios->getoflag;
|
|
|
|
=item getospeed
|
|
|
|
Retrieve the output baud rate.
|
|
|
|
$ospeed = $termios->getospeed;
|
|
|
|
=item setattr
|
|
|
|
Set terminal control attributes.
|
|
|
|
Set attributes immediately for stdout.
|
|
|
|
$termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW );
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item setcc
|
|
|
|
Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an
|
|
array so an index must be specified.
|
|
|
|
$termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 );
|
|
|
|
=item setcflag
|
|
|
|
Set the c_cflag field of a termios object.
|
|
|
|
$termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL );
|
|
|
|
=item setiflag
|
|
|
|
Set the c_iflag field of a termios object.
|
|
|
|
$termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT );
|
|
|
|
=item setispeed
|
|
|
|
Set the input baud rate.
|
|
|
|
$termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item setlflag
|
|
|
|
Set the c_lflag field of a termios object.
|
|
|
|
$termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO );
|
|
|
|
=item setoflag
|
|
|
|
Set the c_oflag field of a termios object.
|
|
|
|
$termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST );
|
|
|
|
=item setospeed
|
|
|
|
Set the output baud rate.
|
|
|
|
$termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 );
|
|
|
|
Returns C<undef> on failure.
|
|
|
|
=item Baud rate values
|
|
|
|
B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200 B1200 B9600 B600 B4800 B50 B2400 B110
|
|
|
|
=item Terminal interface values
|
|
|
|
TCSADRAIN TCSANOW TCOON TCIOFLUSH TCOFLUSH TCION TCIFLUSH TCSAFLUSH TCIOFF TCOOFF
|
|
|
|
=item c_cc field values
|
|
|
|
VEOF VEOL VERASE VINTR VKILL VQUIT VSUSP VSTART VSTOP VMIN VTIME NCCS
|
|
|
|
=item c_cflag field values
|
|
|
|
CLOCAL CREAD CSIZE CS5 CS6 CS7 CS8 CSTOPB HUPCL PARENB PARODD
|
|
|
|
=item c_iflag field values
|
|
|
|
BRKINT ICRNL IGNBRK IGNCR IGNPAR INLCR INPCK ISTRIP IXOFF IXON PARMRK
|
|
|
|
=item c_lflag field values
|
|
|
|
ECHO ECHOE ECHOK ECHONL ICANON IEXTEN ISIG NOFLSH TOSTOP
|
|
|
|
=item c_oflag field values
|
|
|
|
OPOST
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 PATHNAME CONSTANTS
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
_PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON _PC_MAX_INPUT _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC _PC_PATH_MAX _PC_PIPE_BUF _PC_VDISABLE
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 POSIX CONSTANTS
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
_POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL _POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_INPUT _POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX _POSIX_NO_TRUNC _POSIX_OPEN_MAX _POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF _POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX _POSIX_STREAM_MAX _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDISABLE _POSIX_VERSION
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
_SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK _SC_JOB_CONTROL _SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX _SC_SAVED_IDS _SC_STREAM_MAX _SC_TZNAME_MAX _SC_VERSION
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 ERRNO
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
E2BIG EACCES EADDRINUSE EADDRNOTAVAIL EAFNOSUPPORT EAGAIN EALREADY EBADF
|
|
EBUSY ECHILD ECONNABORTED ECONNREFUSED ECONNRESET EDEADLK EDESTADDRREQ
|
|
EDOM EDQUOT EEXIST EFAULT EFBIG EHOSTDOWN EHOSTUNREACH EINPROGRESS EINTR
|
|
EINVAL EIO EISCONN EISDIR ELOOP EMFILE EMLINK EMSGSIZE ENAMETOOLONG
|
|
ENETDOWN ENETRESET ENETUNREACH ENFILE ENOBUFS ENODEV ENOENT ENOEXEC
|
|
ENOLCK ENOMEM ENOPROTOOPT ENOSPC ENOSYS ENOTBLK ENOTCONN ENOTDIR
|
|
ENOTEMPTY ENOTSOCK ENOTTY ENXIO EOPNOTSUPP EPERM EPFNOSUPPORT EPIPE
|
|
EPROCLIM EPROTONOSUPPORT EPROTOTYPE ERANGE EREMOTE ERESTART EROFS
|
|
ESHUTDOWN ESOCKTNOSUPPORT ESPIPE ESRCH ESTALE ETIMEDOUT ETOOMANYREFS
|
|
ETXTBSY EUSERS EWOULDBLOCK EXDEV
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 FCNTL
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
FD_CLOEXEC F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK F_RDLCK F_SETFD F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC O_WRONLY
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 FLOAT
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
DBL_DIG DBL_EPSILON DBL_MANT_DIG DBL_MAX DBL_MAX_10_EXP DBL_MAX_EXP DBL_MIN DBL_MIN_10_EXP DBL_MIN_EXP FLT_DIG FLT_EPSILON FLT_MANT_DIG FLT_MAX FLT_MAX_10_EXP FLT_MAX_EXP FLT_MIN FLT_MIN_10_EXP FLT_MIN_EXP FLT_RADIX FLT_ROUNDS LDBL_DIG LDBL_EPSILON LDBL_MANT_DIG LDBL_MAX LDBL_MAX_10_EXP LDBL_MAX_EXP LDBL_MIN LDBL_MIN_10_EXP LDBL_MIN_EXP
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 LIMITS
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
ARG_MAX CHAR_BIT CHAR_MAX CHAR_MIN CHILD_MAX INT_MAX INT_MIN LINK_MAX LONG_MAX LONG_MIN MAX_CANON MAX_INPUT MB_LEN_MAX NAME_MAX NGROUPS_MAX OPEN_MAX PATH_MAX PIPE_BUF SCHAR_MAX SCHAR_MIN SHRT_MAX SHRT_MIN SSIZE_MAX STREAM_MAX TZNAME_MAX UCHAR_MAX UINT_MAX ULONG_MAX USHRT_MAX
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 LOCALE
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_CTYPE LC_MONETARY LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 MATH
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
HUGE_VAL
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 SIGNAL
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
SA_NOCLDSTOP SA_NOCLDWAIT SA_NODEFER SA_ONSTACK SA_RESETHAND SA_RESTART
|
|
SA_SIGINFO SIGABRT SIGALRM SIGCHLD SIGCONT SIGFPE SIGHUP SIGILL SIGINT
|
|
SIGKILL SIGPIPE SIGQUIT SIGSEGV SIGSTOP SIGTERM SIGTSTP SIGTTIN SIGTTOU
|
|
SIGUSR1 SIGUSR2 SIG_BLOCK SIG_DFL SIG_ERR SIG_IGN SIG_SETMASK
|
|
SIG_UNBLOCK
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 STAT
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU S_ISGID S_ISUID S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP S_IXOTH S_IXUSR
|
|
|
|
=item Macros
|
|
|
|
S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 STDLIB
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
EXIT_FAILURE EXIT_SUCCESS MB_CUR_MAX RAND_MAX
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 STDIO
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
BUFSIZ EOF FILENAME_MAX L_ctermid L_cuserid L_tmpname TMP_MAX
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 TIME
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
CLK_TCK CLOCKS_PER_SEC
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 UNISTD
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
R_OK SEEK_CUR SEEK_END SEEK_SET STDIN_FILENO STDOUT_FILENO STRERR_FILENO W_OK X_OK
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 WAIT
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item Constants
|
|
|
|
WNOHANG WUNTRACED
|
|
|
|
=item Macros
|
|
|
|
WIFEXITED WEXITSTATUS WIFSIGNALED WTERMSIG WIFSTOPPED WSTOPSIG
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 CREATION
|
|
|
|
This document generated by ./mkposixman.PL version 19960129.
|
|
|