IR pipeline

Cargo.lock

@@ -79,6 +79,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "ariadne",
  "chumsky",
  "clap",
+ "ir",
  "syntax",
  "typing",
 ]
@@ -212,6 +213,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-sys",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "ir"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "chumsky",
+ "syntax",
+ "typing",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "is-terminal"
 version = "0.4.7"

Cargo.toml

@@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ members = [
     "bin",
     "syntax",
     "typing",
+    "ir",
 ]

bin/Cargo.toml

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ chumsky = "1.0.0-alpha.3"
 clap = { version = "4.2.4", features = ["derive"] }
 syntax = { path = "../syntax" }
 typing = { path = "../typing" }
+ir = { path = "../ir" }
 
 [[bin]]
 name = "hc"

bin/src/main.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 use ariadne::{sources, Color, Label, Report, ReportKind};
 use chumsky::{Parser, prelude::Input};
+
 use syntax::parser::{lexer, exprs_parser};
 use typing::infer::{infer_exprs, InferErrorKind};
+use ir::Lowerer;
 
 pub mod args;
 
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@ fn main() {
     // Typecheck if there are no lexing or parsing errors
     if let Some(ast) = ast.filter(|_| errs.len() + parse_errs.len() == 0) {
         let (ast, e) = infer_exprs(ast.0);
+        // If there is an error, print it
         if !e.is_empty() {
             e.into_iter()
                 .for_each(|e| {
@@ -49,8 +52,12 @@ fn main() {
                         .print(sources([(filename.clone(), src.clone())]))
                         .unwrap()
                 });
+        // Else go to the next stage
         } else {
-            ast.iter().for_each(|node| println!("{:?}", node.0));
+            // ast.iter().for_each(|node| println!("{:?}", node.0));
+            let mut l = Lowerer::new();
+            let irs = l.lower_texprs(ast);
+            irs.iter().for_each(|ir| println!("{:?}", ir));
         }
     };
 

ir/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+[package]
+name = "ir"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+chumsky = "1.0.0-alpha.3"
+syntax = { path = "../syntax" }
+typing = { path = "../typing" }

ir/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+use chumsky::span::SimpleSpan;
+use syntax::expr::{Lit, UnaryOp, BinaryOp};
+use typing::typed::TExpr;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub enum IExpr<'src> {
+    IntPush(i64),
+    IntAdd,
+    IntSub,
+    VarLoad(&'src str),
+    VarStore(&'src str),
+    FnPush(Vec<Self>),
+    Call,
+    Ret,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+pub struct Lowerer {
+}
+
+impl Lowerer {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {}
+    }
+
+    fn lower_texpr<'a>(self: &mut Self, e: TExpr<'a>) -> Vec<IExpr<'a>> {
+        use IExpr::*;
+        match e {
+            TExpr::Lit(l) => match l {
+                Lit::Unit    => todo!(),
+                Lit::Bool(_) => todo!(),
+                Lit::Int(n)  => vec![IntPush(n)],
+                Lit::Str(_)  => todo!(),
+            }
+            TExpr::Ident(s) => vec![VarLoad(s)],
+            TExpr::Unary { op, expr, .. } => {
+                let mut expr = self.lower_texpr(*expr.0);
+                expr.push(match op {
+                    UnaryOp::Neg => IntSub,
+                    UnaryOp::Not => todo!(),
+                });
+                expr
+            }
+            TExpr::Binary { op, lhs, rhs, .. } if op == BinaryOp::Pipe => {
+                println!("{lhs:?}");
+                println!("{rhs:?}");
+                todo!()
+            }
+            TExpr::Binary { op, lhs, rhs, .. } => {
+                let mut lhs = self.lower_texpr(*lhs.0);
+                let mut rhs = self.lower_texpr(*rhs.0);
+                lhs.append(&mut rhs);
+                lhs.push(match op {
+                    BinaryOp::Add => IExpr::IntAdd,
+                    BinaryOp::Sub => IExpr::IntSub,
+                    BinaryOp::Mul => todo!(),
+                    BinaryOp::Div => todo!(),
+                    BinaryOp::Rem => todo!(),
+                    BinaryOp::Eq  => todo!(),
+                    BinaryOp::Ne  => todo!(),
+                    BinaryOp::Lt  => todo!(),
+                    BinaryOp::Gt  => todo!(),
+                    BinaryOp::Le  => todo!(),
+                    BinaryOp::Ge  => todo!(),
+                    BinaryOp::And => todo!(),
+                    BinaryOp::Or  => todo!(),
+                    BinaryOp::Pipe => unreachable!(),
+                });
+                lhs
+            }
+
+            TExpr::Lambda { body, .. } => {
+                let mut es = self.lower_texpr(*body.0);
+                es.push(IExpr::Ret);
+                vec![IExpr::FnPush(es)]
+            },
+            TExpr::Call { func, args } => {
+                let mut es: Vec<IExpr> = args.into_iter()
+                    .flat_map(|(e, _)| self.lower_texpr(e))
+                    .collect();
+                es.append(&mut self.lower_texpr(*func.0));
+                es.push(IExpr::Call);
+                es
+            },
+            TExpr::Define { name, value, .. } => {
+                let mut es = self.lower_texpr(*value.0);
+                es.push(IExpr::VarStore(name));
+                es
+            },
+
+            e => unimplemented!("{:?}", e)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn lower_texprs<'a>(self: &mut Self, e: Vec<(TExpr<'a>, SimpleSpan)>) -> Vec<IExpr<'a>> {
+        e.into_iter()
+            .flat_map(|(e, _)| self.lower_texpr(e))
+            .collect()
+    }
+}

ref.hlm

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+let by_ref = fn (&x: int) = *x + 1;
+let by_value = fn (x: int) = x + 1;

simple.hlm

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-let succ = fn x = x + 1;
+let a = fun (x Int, y) Int -> x + y;
-let add  = fn a b = a + b;
+let b = fun (x, y) -> x + y;
+a(34, 35);
 
-let res = 10 |> succ |> fn a = add(a, 1) |> add;
+fun (x Int, y) Int -> x + y;

simple.ir

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+succ x:
+    var_load x
+    int_push 1
+    int_add
+    ret
+
+add a b:
+    var_load a
+    var_load b
+    int_add
+    ret
+
+dedu x:
+    var_load x
+    int_push 1
+    int_sub
+    ret
+
+_lambda_0 a:
+    var_load a
+    int_push 1
+    call add
+    ret
+
+int_push 10
+call succ
+call _lambda_0
+call dedu

syntax/src/expr.rs

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ impl Display for UnaryOp {
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub enum BinaryOp {
     Add, Sub, Mul, Div, Rem,
     And, Or,

syntax/src/parser.rs

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ pub fn lexer<'src>() -> impl Parser<'src, &'src str, Vec<(Token<'src>, Span)>, e
         "false"  => Token::Bool(false),
         "let"    => Token::Let,
         "in"     => Token::In,
-        "fn"     => Token::Func,
+        "fun"    => Token::Func,
         "return" => Token::Return,
         "if"     => Token::If,
         "then"   => Token::Then,
@@ -143,29 +143,19 @@ pub fn expr_parser<'tokens, 'src: 'tokens>() -> impl Parser<
             )
             .map(|e: Spanned<Expr>| e.0);
 
-        // func (x t, y t) : rt = e
-        // func x, y = e
         let lambda = just(Token::Func)
             .ignore_then(
                 symbol
-                    .map(|s| (s, None))
+                    .then(type_parser().or_not())
-                    .or(symbol
+                    .separated_by(just(Token::Comma))
-                        .then(type_parser())
-                        .delimited_by(
-                            just(Token::Open(Delim::Paren)),
-                            just(Token::Close(Delim::Paren)),
-                        )
-                        .map(|(s, t)| (s, Some(t)))
-                    )
-                    .repeated()
                     .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    .delimited_by(
+                        just(Token::Open(Delim::Paren)),
+                        just(Token::Close(Delim::Paren)),
+                    )
             )
-            .then(
+            .then(type_parser().or_not())
-                just(Token::Colon)
+            .then_ignore(just(Token::Arrow))
-                    .ignore_then(type_parser())
-                    .or_not()
-            )
-            .then_ignore(just(Token::Assign))
             .then(expr.clone())
             .map(|((args, ret), body)| Expr::Lambda(args, ret, boxspan(body)));
 

test.hlm

@@ -1,11 +1 @@
-let addi = fn x y = x + y;
+(fun (x) -> x + 1)(68);
-
-let factorial = fn x =
-    if x == 1
-        then x
-        else x * factorial(x - 1);
-
-let result = factorial(addi(2, 3));
-
-let println = fn x = ();
-println(result);

test.ssa

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-my_add x y:
-    0:
-        v0 = iadd x y
-        ret v0
-
-factorial x:
-    0:
-        v0 = eq x 1
-        jf v0 1
-        ret x
-    1:
-        v0 = isub x 1
-        v1 = call factorial v0
-        v2 = imul x v1
-        ret v2
-
-v0 = call my_add 2 3
-v1 = call factorial v0

ty.hlm

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+let f = fn x y z = x + y + z in f(1);
+let g = fn x = x + 1; g(1, 2);

typing/src/infer.rs

@@ -187,11 +187,23 @@ impl<'src> Infer<'src> {
             (Func(a1, r1), Func(a2, r2)) => {
                 // Check the number of arguments
                 if a1.len() != a2.len() {
-                    return Err(InferError::new("Argument length mismatch", c.span)
+                    let mut e = InferError::new("Argument length mismatch", c.span)
                         .add_error(format!(
-                            "This function should take {} arguments, found {}",
+                            "This function is expected to take {} arguments, found {}",
-                            a1.len(), a2.len()
+                            a2.len(), a1.len()
-                        ), c.span));
+                        ), c.span);
+                    if a2.len() > a1.len() {
+                        // Get the types of the needed arguments
+                        let mut args = Vec::new();
+                        for i in a1.len()..a2.len() {
+                            args.push(self.substitute(a2[i].clone()).to_string());
+                        }
+                        e = e.add_hint(format!(
+                            "Need arguments of type `{}` to call this function",
+                            args.join(", ")
+                        ), c.span);
+                    }
+                    return Err(e);
                 }
                 // Unify the arguments
                 for (a1, a2) in a1.into_iter().zip(a2.into_iter()) {
@@ -231,11 +243,15 @@ impl<'src> Infer<'src> {
     }
 
     /// Solve the constraints by unifying them
-    fn solve(&mut self) -> Result<(), InferError> {
+
+    fn solve(&mut self) -> Vec<InferError> {
+        let mut errors = Vec::new();
         for c in self.constraints.clone().into_iter() {
-            self.unify(c)?;
+            if let Err(e) = self.unify(c) {
+                errors.push(e);
+            }
         }
-        Ok(())
+        errors
     }
 
     /// Substitute the type variables with the substitutions
@@ -394,10 +410,10 @@ impl<'src> Infer<'src> {
                         Type::Func(_, _) => "function",
                         _ => "value",
                     };
-                    (
+                    (TExpr::Ident(x), vec![
-                        TExpr::Ident(x),
+                        InferError::new(format!("Undefined {}", kind), span)
-                        vec![InferError::new(format!("Undefined {}", kind), span)]
+                            .add_error(format!("`{}` is not defined", x), span)
-                    )
+                    ])
                 }
             }
 
@@ -620,6 +636,17 @@ impl<'src> Infer<'src> {
                 let (bt, berrs) = inf.infer(unbox!(body), expected.clone());
                 errs.extend(berrs);
 
+                for s in inf.subst {
+                    if !self.subst.contains(&s) {
+                        self.subst.push(s);
+                    }
+                }
+                for c in inf.constraints {
+                    if !self.constraints.contains(&c) {
+                        self.constraints.push(c);
+                    }
+                }
+
                 (TExpr::Let {
                     name, ty,
                     value: (Box::new(vt), value.1),
@@ -688,29 +715,30 @@ impl<'src> Infer<'src> {
 /// Infer a list of expressions
 pub fn infer_exprs(es: Vec<(Expr, SimpleSpan)>) -> (Vec<(TExpr, SimpleSpan)>, Vec<InferError>) {
     let mut inf = Infer::new();
-    let mut typed_exprs = vec![];
+    // Type expressions
+    let mut tes = vec![];
+    // Unsubstituted typed expressions
     let mut errors = vec![];
 
     for e in es {
         let span = e.1;
         let fresh = inf.fresh();
+        // Infer the types
         let (te, err) = inf.infer(e, fresh);
-        typed_exprs.push((te, span));
+
+        // Push the expression to the list
+        tes.push((te.clone(), span));
+
         if !err.is_empty() {
             errors.extend(err);
         }
     }
 
-    match inf.solve() {
+    let solve_errors = inf.solve();
-        Ok(_) => {
+    if !solve_errors.is_empty() {
-            typed_exprs = typed_exprs.into_iter()
+        errors.extend(solve_errors);
-                .map(|(x, s)| (inf.substitute_texp(x), s))
-                .collect();
-        }
-        Err(e) => {
-            errors.push(e);
-        }
     }
 
-    (rename_exprs(typed_exprs), errors)
+
+    (rename_exprs(tes), errors)
 }