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Author SHA1 Message Date
Erin ce878c2319 a 2023-06-25 00:15:55 +02:00
Erin 498e729c90 Block memory copy 2023-06-25 00:07:53 +02:00
Erin 6356b7dd24 more docs 2023-06-23 23:55:41 +02:00
Erin a47b556317 comments 2023-06-23 23:49:53 +02:00
Erin b237ad90ba u 2023-06-23 09:50:39 +02:00
Erin 4fd96e1b0e interrupt handling 2023-06-23 09:44:26 +02:00
Erin 965a6a2c19 redone page size thing 2023-06-22 11:55:33 +02:00
Erin a08e0172c9 changed sigs 2023-06-22 11:43:32 +02:00
Erin 60ca26dcd2 table 2023-06-22 11:37:48 +02:00
69 changed files with 1777 additions and 4603 deletions
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2
.cargo/config.toml
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@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
[alias]
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checksum = "c3523ab5a71916ccf420eebdf5521fcef02141234bbc0b8a49f2fdc4544364ef"
dependencies = [
"pin-project-lite",
"tracing-core",
]
[[package]]
name = "tracing-core"
version = "0.1.32"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "c06d3da6113f116aaee68e4d601191614c9053067f9ab7f6edbcb161237daa54"
dependencies = [
"once_cell",
"valuable",
]
[[package]]
name = "tracing-error"
version = "0.2.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "d686ec1c0f384b1277f097b2f279a2ecc11afe8c133c1aabf036a27cb4cd206e"
dependencies = [
"tracing",
"tracing-subscriber",
]
[[package]]
name = "tracing-subscriber"
version = "0.3.17"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "30a651bc37f915e81f087d86e62a18eec5f79550c7faff886f7090b4ea757c77"
dependencies = [
"sharded-slab",
"thread_local",
"tracing-core",
]
[[package]] [[package]]
name = "unicode-ident" name = "unicode-ident"
version = "1.0.12" version = "1.0.9"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "3354b9ac3fae1ff6755cb6db53683adb661634f67557942dea4facebec0fee4b" checksum = "b15811caf2415fb889178633e7724bad2509101cde276048e013b9def5e51fa0"
[[package]]
name = "valuable"
version = "0.1.0"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "830b7e5d4d90034032940e4ace0d9a9a057e7a45cd94e6c007832e39edb82f6d"
[[package]] [[package]]
name = "version_check" name = "version_check"
version = "0.9.4" version = "0.9.4"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index" source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "49874b5167b65d7193b8aba1567f5c7d93d001cafc34600cee003eda787e483f" checksum = "49874b5167b65d7193b8aba1567f5c7d93d001cafc34600cee003eda787e483f"
[[package]]
name = "wasi"
version = "0.11.0+wasi-snapshot-preview1"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "9c8d87e72b64a3b4db28d11ce29237c246188f4f51057d65a7eab63b7987e423"
[[package]]
name = "with_builtin_macros"
version = "0.0.3"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "a59d55032495429b87f9d69954c6c8602e4d3f3e0a747a12dea6b0b23de685da"
dependencies = [
"with_builtin_macros-proc_macros",
]
[[package]]
name = "with_builtin_macros-proc_macros"
version = "0.0.3"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "15bd7679c15e22924f53aee34d4e448c45b674feb6129689af88593e129f8f42"
dependencies = [
"proc-macro2",
"quote",
"syn 1.0.109",
]
[[package]]
name = "xtask"
version = "0.1.0"
dependencies = [
"argh",
"color-eyre",
"once_cell",
]
[[package]]
name = "zerocopy"
version = "0.7.13"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "9ffc046c9f849405a42c87e82e2f2f861d1f0a06b855910c76c2bd1e87be900c"
dependencies = [
"zerocopy-derive",
]
[[package]]
name = "zerocopy-derive"
version = "0.7.13"
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
checksum = "246c000cfc5f942bac7ff99fde24a9ebb589d92e024bc758c6c733c15a02a73e"
dependencies = [
"proc-macro2",
"quote",
"syn 2.0.38",
]

3
Cargo.toml
View file

@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
[workspace] [workspace]
resolver = "2" members = ["hbasm", "hbbytecode", "hbvm"]
members = ["hbasm", "hbbytecode", "hbvm", "hbvm_aos_on_linux", "hbxrt", "xtask"]

100
examples/asm/hello-name.hba
View file

@ -1,100 +0,0 @@
jmp entry
puts:
-- Write string to console
-- r2: [IN] *const u8 String pointer
-- r3: [IN] usize String length
li8 r1, 0x1 -- Write syscall
brc r2, r3, 2 -- Copy parameters
li8 r2, 0x1 -- STDOUT
eca
jal r0, r31, 0
gets:
-- Read string until end of buffer or LF
-- r2: [IN] *mut u8 Buffer
-- r3: [IN] usize Buffer length
-- Register allocations:
-- r33: *mut u8 Buffer end
-- r34: u8 Immediate char
-- r35: u8 Const [0x0A = LF]
li8 r35, 0x0A
add64 r33, r2, r3
-- Setup syscall
li8 r2, 0x1 -- Stdin
cp r3, r2
li8 r4, 0x1 -- Read one char
jeq r3, r33, end
loop:
li8 r1, 0x1 -- Read syscall
eca
addi64 r3, r3, 1
ld r34, r3, 0, 1
jeq r34, r35, end
jne r3, r33, loop
end:
-- Set copied amount
sub64 r1, r33, r3
addi64 r1, -1
jal r0, r31, 0
alloc-pages:
-- Allocate pages
-- r1: [OUT] *mut u8 Pointer to page
-- r2: [IN] u16 Page count
muli16 r3, r2, 4096 -- page count
li8 r1, 0x9 -- mmap syscall
li8 r2, 0x0 -- no address set, kernel chosen
li8 r4, 0x2 -- PROT_WRITE
li8 r5, 0x20 -- MAP_ANONYMOUS
li64 r6, -1 -- Doesn't map file
li8 r7, 0x0 -- Doesn't map file
eca
jal r0, r31, 0
entry:
-- Program entrypoint
-- Register allocations:
-- r32: *mut u8 Buffer
-- r36: usize Read buffer length
-- Allocate one page (4096 KiB)
li8 r2, 1
jal r31, 0, alloc-pages
cp r32, r1
-- Print message
lra16 r2, r0, #enter-your-name
li8 r3, 17
jal r31, r0, puts
-- Read name
cp r2, r32
li16 r3, 4096
jal r31, r0, gets
cp r36, r1
-- Print your name is
lra16 r2, r0, #your-name-is
li8 r3, 15
jal r31, r0, puts
-- And now print the name
cp r2, r32
cp r3, r36
jal r31, r0, puts
tx
#enter-your-name: "Enter your name: "
#your-name-is : "\nYour name is: "

BIN
examples/bytecode/addition.hbf
View file

Binary file not shown.

BIN
examples/bytecode/linux-hello.hbf
View file

Binary file not shown.

11
hbasm/Cargo.toml
View file

@ -4,6 +4,11 @@ version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021" edition = "2021"
[dependencies] [dependencies]
paste = "1.0" hbbytecode = { path = "../hbbytecode" }
rhai = "1.16" lasso = "0.7"
with_builtin_macros = "0.0.3" paste = "1.0"
[dependencies.logos]
version = "0.13"
default-features = false
features = ["export_derive"]

7
hbasm/assets/serial_driver.hbasm Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
jmp r0, start
start:
jmp r0, init_serial_port
-- Uses r20 to set the port
init_serial_port:
add r20, r30, r10

13
hbasm/examples/ableos/main.rhai
View file

@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
import "hbasm/examples/ableos/std" as std;
fn main(){
std::Error(":+)");
std::Warn("Your mom fell in a well!");
std::Info("Hello, world!");
std::Debug("ABC");
std::Trace("Trace Deez");
tx();
}
main();

24
hbasm/examples/ableos/std.rhai
View file

@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
fn ipc_send(buffer_id, mem_addr, length){
// set the ecall
li8(r1, 3);
// Set the buffer ID to be the BufferID
li64(r2, buffer_id);
lra(r3, r0, mem_addr);
// set the length
li64(r4, length);
// ecall
eca();
}
private fn log(log_level, string){
let str = data::str(string);
ipc_send(1, str, str.len);
}
fn Error(string) {log(0, string);}
fn Warn(string) {log(1, string);}
fn Info(string) {log(2, string);}
// Due to rhai limitations this cannot be debug
// because of this all of the log levels are upper case
fn Debug(string) {log(3, string);}
fn Trace(string) {log(4, string);}

9
hbasm/examples/hello-linux.rhai
View file

@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
let hello = data::str("Hello, world!");
li8 (r1, 1); // Write syscall
li8 (r2, 1); // Stdout FD
lra16 (r3, r0, hello); // String buffer
li8 (r4, hello.len); // String length
eca (); // System call
tx (); // End program

33
hbasm/examples/macros.rhai
View file

@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
li8(r1, 69);
li8(r2, 0);
if_eq(r1, r2,
|| puts("Equals!"),
|| puts("Not equals!"),
);
tx(); // END OF MAIN
/// Inline function – write text to stdout
fn puts(string) {
let d = data::str(string);
li8 (r1, 1); // Write syscall
li8 (r2, 1); // Stdout handle
lra16 (r3, r0, d);
li64 (r4, d.len);
eca ();
}
fn if_eq(a, b, thenblk, elseblk) {
let elselbl = declabel();
let endlbl = declabel();
jne(a, b, elselbl);
thenblk.call();
jmp16(endlbl);
elselbl.here();
elseblk.call();
endlbl.here();
}

85
hbasm/src/data.rs
View file

@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
use rhai::{CustomType, Engine, ImmutableString};
use {
crate::{object::SymbolRef, SharedObject},
rhai::Module,
};
macro_rules! gen_data_insertions {
($module:expr, $obj:expr, [$($ty:ident),* $(,)?] $(,)?) => {{
let (module, obj) = ($module, $obj);
$({
let obj = ::std::rc::Rc::clone(obj);
let hash = module.set_native_fn(stringify!($ty), move |arr: ::rhai::Array| {
let obj = &mut *obj.borrow_mut();
let symbol = obj.symbol($crate::object::Section::Data);
obj.sections
.data
.reserve(arr.len() * ::std::mem::size_of::<$ty>());
for item in arr {
obj.sections.data.extend(
match item.as_int() {
Ok(num) => $ty::try_from(num).map_err(|_| "i64".to_owned()),
Err(ty) => Err(ty.to_owned()),
}
.map_err(|err| {
::rhai::EvalAltResult::ErrorMismatchDataType(
stringify!($ty).to_owned(),
err,
::rhai::Position::NONE,
)
})?
.to_le_bytes(),
);
}
Ok(DataRef {
symbol,
len: obj.sections.data.len() - symbol.0,
})
});
module.update_fn_namespace(hash, ::rhai::FnNamespace::Global);
})*
}};
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub struct DataRef {
pub symbol: SymbolRef,
pub len: usize,
}
impl CustomType for DataRef {
fn build(mut builder: rhai::TypeBuilder<Self>) {
builder
.with_name("DataRef")
.with_get("symbol", |this: &mut Self| this.symbol)
.with_get("len", |this: &mut Self| this.len as u64 as i64);
}
}
pub fn module(engine: &mut Engine, obj: SharedObject) -> Module {
let mut module = Module::new();
gen_data_insertions!(&mut module, &obj, [i8, i16, i32, i64]);
{
let hash = module.set_native_fn("str", move |s: ImmutableString| {
let obj = &mut *obj.borrow_mut();
let symbol = obj.symbol(crate::object::Section::Data);
obj.sections.data.extend(s.as_bytes());
Ok(DataRef {
symbol,
len: s.len(),
})
});
module.update_fn_namespace(hash, rhai::FnNamespace::Global);
}
engine.build_type::<DataRef>();
module
}

226
hbasm/src/ins.rs
View file

@ -1,226 +0,0 @@
use {
crate::object::Object,
rhai::{FnNamespace, Module},
std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc},
};
mod optypes {
use {
crate::{
label::UnboundLabel,
object::{Object, RelocKey, RelocType, SymbolRef},
},
rhai::{Dynamic, EvalAltResult, ImmutableString, Position},
};
pub type R = u8;
pub type B = i8;
pub type H = i16;
pub type W = i32;
pub type D = i64;
pub type A = Dynamic;
pub type O = Dynamic;
pub type P = Dynamic;
pub fn insert_reloc(
obj: &mut Object,
ty: RelocType,
val: &Dynamic,
) -> Result<(), EvalAltResult> {
match () {
_ if val.is::<SymbolRef>() => {
obj.relocation(RelocKey::Symbol(val.clone_cast::<SymbolRef>().0), ty)
}
_ if val.is::<UnboundLabel>() => {
obj.relocation(RelocKey::Symbol(val.clone_cast::<UnboundLabel>().0), ty)
}
_ if val.is::<DataRef>() => {
obj.relocation(RelocKey::Symbol(val.clone_cast::<DataRef>().symbol.0), ty)
}
_ if val.is_string() => {
obj.relocation(RelocKey::Label(val.clone_cast::<ImmutableString>()), ty)
}
_ if val.is_int() => {
let int = val.clone_cast::<i64>();
match ty {
RelocType::Rel32 => obj.sections.text.extend((int as i32).to_le_bytes()),
RelocType::Rel16 => obj.sections.text.extend((int as i16).to_le_bytes()),
RelocType::Abs64 => obj.sections.text.extend(int.to_le_bytes()),
}
}
_ => {
return Err(EvalAltResult::ErrorMismatchDataType(
"SybolRef, UnboundLabel, String or Int".to_owned(),
val.type_name().to_owned(),
Position::NONE,
))
}
}
Ok(())
}
macro_rules! gen_insert {
(le_bytes: [$($lety:ident),* $(,)?]) => {
macro_rules! insert {
$(($thing:expr, $obj: expr, $lety) => {
$obj.sections.text.extend($thing.to_le_bytes());
};)*
($thing:expr, $obj:expr, A) => {
$crate::ins::optypes::insert_reloc(
$obj,
$crate::object::RelocType::Abs64,
$thing
)?
};
($thing:expr, $obj:expr, O) => {
$crate::ins::optypes::insert_reloc(
$obj,
$crate::object::RelocType::Rel32,
$thing
)?
};
($thing:expr, $obj:expr, P) => {
$crate::ins::optypes::insert_reloc(
$obj,
$crate::object::RelocType::Rel16,
$thing
)?
};
}
};
}
gen_insert!(le_bytes: [R, B, H, W, D]);
#[allow(clippy::single_component_path_imports)]
pub(super) use insert;
use crate::data::DataRef;
}
mod rity {
pub use super::optypes::{A, O, P, R};
pub type B = i64;
pub type H = i64;
pub type W = i64;
pub type D = i64;
}
mod generic {
use {crate::object::Object, rhai::EvalAltResult};
pub(super) fn convert_op<A, B>(from: A) -> Result<B, EvalAltResult>
where
B: TryFrom<A>,
<B as TryFrom<A>>::Error: std::error::Error + Sync + Send + 'static,
{
B::try_from(from).map_err(|e| {
EvalAltResult::ErrorSystem("Data conversion error".to_owned(), Box::new(e))
})
}
macro_rules! gen_ins {
($($($name:ident : $ty:ty),*;)*) => {
paste::paste! {
$(#[inline]
pub fn [<$($ty:lower)*>](
obj: &mut Object,
opcode: u8,
$($name: $crate::ins::optypes::$ty),*,
) -> Result<(), EvalAltResult> {
obj.sections.text.push(opcode);
$($crate::ins::optypes::insert!(&$name, obj, $ty);)*
Ok(())
})*
macro_rules! gen_ins_fn {
$(($obj:expr, $opcode:expr, [<$($ty)*>]) => {
move |$($name: $crate::ins::rity::$ty),*| {
$crate::ins::generic::[<$($ty:lower)*>](
&mut *$obj.borrow_mut(),
$opcode,
$(
$crate::ins::generic::convert_op::<
_,
$crate::ins::optypes::$ty
>($name)?
),*
)?;
Ok(())
}
};)*
($obj:expr, $opcode:expr, N) => {
move || {
$crate::ins::generic::n(&mut *$obj.borrow_mut(), $opcode);
Ok(())
}
};
}
}
};
}
#[inline]
pub fn n(obj: &mut Object, opcode: u8) {
obj.sections.text.push(opcode);
}
gen_ins! {
o0: R, o1: R;
o0: R, o1: R, o2: R;
o0: R, o1: R, o2: R, o3: R;
o0: R, o1: R, o2: B;
o0: R, o1: R, o2: H;
o0: R, o1: R, o2: W;
o0: R, o1: R, o2: D;
o0: R, o1: B;
o0: R, o1: H;
o0: R, o1: W;
o0: R, o1: D;
o0: R, o1: R, o2: A;
o0: R, o1: R, o2: A, o3: H;
o0: R, o1: R, o2: O, o3: H;
o0: R, o1: R, o2: P, o3: H;
o0: R, o1: R, o2: O;
o0: R, o1: R, o2: P;
o0: O;
o0: P;
}
#[allow(clippy::single_component_path_imports)]
pub(super) use gen_ins_fn;
}
macro_rules! instructions {
(
($module:expr, $obj:expr $(,)?)
{ $($opcode:expr, $mnemonic:ident, $ops:ident, $doc:literal;)* }
) => {{
let (module, obj) = ($module, $obj);
$({
let obj = Rc::clone(&obj);
let hash = module.set_native_fn(
paste::paste!(stringify!([<$mnemonic:lower>])),
generic::gen_ins_fn!(
obj,
$opcode,
$ops
)
);
module.update_fn_namespace(hash, FnNamespace::Global);
})*
}};
}
pub fn setup(module: &mut Module, obj: Rc<RefCell<Object>>) {
with_builtin_macros::with_builtin! {
let $spec = include_from_root!("../hbbytecode/instructions.in") in {
instructions!((module, obj) { $spec });
}
}
}

76
hbasm/src/label.rs
View file

@ -1,76 +0,0 @@
use {
crate::SharedObject,
rhai::{Engine, ImmutableString, Module},
};
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub struct UnboundLabel(pub usize);
pub fn setup(engine: &mut Engine, module: &mut Module, object: SharedObject) {
{
let object = SharedObject::clone(&object);
let hash = module.set_native_fn("label", move || {
let mut obj = object.borrow_mut();
let symbol = obj.symbol(crate::object::Section::Text);
Ok(symbol)
});
module.update_fn_namespace(hash, rhai::FnNamespace::Global);
}
{
let object = SharedObject::clone(&object);
let hash = module.set_native_fn("label", move |label: ImmutableString| {
let mut obj = object.borrow_mut();
let symbol = obj.symbol(crate::object::Section::Text);
obj.labels.insert(label, symbol.0);
Ok(symbol)
});
module.update_fn_namespace(hash, rhai::FnNamespace::Global);
}
{
let object = SharedObject::clone(&object);
let hash = module.set_native_fn("declabel", move || {
let mut obj = object.borrow_mut();
let index = obj.symbols.len();
obj.symbols.push(None);
Ok(UnboundLabel(index))
});
module.update_fn_namespace(hash, rhai::FnNamespace::Global);
}
{
let object = SharedObject::clone(&object);
let hash = module.set_native_fn("declabel", move |label: ImmutableString| {
let mut obj = object.borrow_mut();
let index = obj.symbols.len();
obj.symbols.push(None);
obj.labels.insert(label, index);
Ok(UnboundLabel(index))
});
module.update_fn_namespace(hash, rhai::FnNamespace::Global);
}
{
module.set_native_fn("here", move |label: UnboundLabel| {
let mut obj = object.borrow_mut();
obj.symbols[label.0] = Some(crate::object::SymbolEntry {
location: crate::object::Section::Text,
offset: obj.sections.text.len(),
});
Ok(())
});
}
engine.register_type_with_name::<UnboundLabel>("UnboundLabel");
}

294
hbasm/src/lib.rs
View file

@ -1,45 +1,269 @@
mod data; use std::collections::HashMap;
mod ins;
mod label;
mod linker;
mod object;
use { use {
object::Object, lasso::{Rodeo, Spur},
rhai::{Engine, Module}, logos::{Lexer, Logos, Span},
std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc}, std::fmt::{Display, Formatter},
}; };
type SharedObject = Rc<RefCell<Object>>; macro_rules! tokendef {
($($opcode:literal),* $(,)?) => {
paste::paste! {
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Logos)]
#[logos(extras = Rodeo)]
#[logos(skip r"[ \t\f]+")]
#[logos(skip r"-- .*")]
pub enum Token {
$(#[token($opcode, |_| hbbytecode::opcode::[<$opcode:upper>])])*
OpCode(u8),
pub fn assembler( #[regex("[0-9]+", |l| l.slice().parse().ok())]
linkout: &mut impl std::io::Write, #[regex(
loader: impl FnOnce(&mut Engine) -> Result<(), Box<rhai::EvalAltResult>>, "-[0-9]+",
) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { |lexer| {
let mut engine = Engine::new(); Some(u64::from_ne_bytes(lexer.slice().parse::<i64>().ok()?.to_ne_bytes()))
let mut module = Module::new(); },
let obj = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Object::default())); )] Integer(u64),
ins::setup(&mut module, Rc::clone(&obj));
label::setup(&mut engine, &mut module, Rc::clone(&obj));
// Registers #[regex(
for n in 0_u8..=255 { "r[0-9]+",
module.set_var(format!("r{n}"), n); |lexer| match lexer.slice()[1..].parse() {
Ok(n) => Some(n),
_ => None
},
)] Register(u8),
#[regex(
r"\p{XID_Start}\p{XID_Continue}*:",
|lexer| lexer.extras.get_or_intern(&lexer.slice()[..lexer.slice().len() - 1]),
)] Label(Spur),
#[regex(
r"\p{XID_Start}\p{XID_Continue}*",
|lexer| lexer.extras.get_or_intern(lexer.slice()),
)] Symbol(Spur),
#[token("\n")]
#[token(";")] ISep,
#[token(",")] PSep,
}
}
};
}
#[rustfmt::skip]
tokendef![
"nop", "add", "sub", "mul", "and", "or", "xor", "sl", "sr", "srs", "cmp", "cmpu",
"dir", "neg", "not", "addi", "muli", "andi", "ori", "xori", "sli", "sri", "srsi",
"cmpi", "cmpui", "cp", "swa", "li", "ld", "st", "bmc", "brc", "jmp", "jeq", "jne",
"jlt", "jgt", "jltu", "jgtu", "ecall", "addf", "mulf", "dirf", "addfi", "mulfi",
];
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ErrorKind {
UnexpectedToken,
InvalidToken,
UnexpectedEnd,
InvalidSymbol,
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Error {
pub kind: ErrorKind,
pub span: Span,
}
impl Display for Error {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
write!(f, "Error {:?} at {:?}", self.kind, self.span)
}
}
impl std::error::Error for Error {}
macro_rules! expect_matches {
($self:expr, $($pat:pat),* $(,)?) => {$(
let $pat = $self.next()?
else { return Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken) };
)*}
}
pub fn assembly(code: &str, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<(), Error> {
struct Assembler<'a> {
lexer: Lexer<'a, Token>,
buf: &'a mut Vec<u8>,
label_map: HashMap<Spur, u64>,
to_sub_label: HashMap<usize, Spur>,
} }
module.set_native_fn("reg", |n: i64| { impl<'a> Assembler<'a> {
Ok(u8::try_from(n).map_err(|_| { fn next(&mut self) -> Result<Token, ErrorKind> {
rhai::EvalAltResult::ErrorRuntime("Invalid register value".into(), rhai::Position::NONE) match self.lexer.next() {
})?) Some(Ok(t)) => Ok(t),
}); Some(Err(())) => Err(ErrorKind::InvalidToken),
None => Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedEnd),
}
}
module.set_native_fn("as_i64", |n: u8| Ok(n as i64)); fn assemble(&mut self) -> Result<(), ErrorKind> {
use hbbytecode::opcode::*;
loop {
match self.lexer.next() {
Some(Ok(Token::OpCode(op))) => {
self.buf.push(op);
match op {
NOP | ECALL => Ok(()),
DIR | DIRF => {
expect_matches!(
self,
Token::Register(r0),
Token::PSep,
Token::Register(r1),
Token::PSep,
Token::Register(r2),
Token::PSep,
Token::Register(r3),
);
self.buf.extend([r0, r1, r2, r3]);
Ok(())
}
ADD..=CMPU | ADDF..=MULF => {
expect_matches!(
self,
Token::Register(r0),
Token::PSep,
Token::Register(r1),
Token::PSep,
Token::Register(r2),
);
self.buf.extend([r0, r1, r2]);
Ok(())
}
BRC => {
expect_matches!(
self,
Token::Register(r0),
Token::PSep,
Token::Register(r1),
Token::PSep,
Token::Integer(count),
);
self.buf.extend([
r0,
r1,
u8::try_from(count).map_err(|_| ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken)?,
]);
Ok(())
}
NEG..=NOT | CP..=SWA => {
expect_matches!(
self,
Token::Register(r0),
Token::PSep,
Token::Register(r1),
);
self.buf.extend([r0, r1]);
Ok(())
}
LI | JMP => {
expect_matches!(self, Token::Register(r0), Token::PSep);
self.buf.push(r0);
self.insert_imm()?;
Ok(())
}
ADDI..=CMPUI | BMC | JEQ..=JGTU | ADDFI..=MULFI => {
expect_matches!(
self,
Token::Register(r0),
Token::PSep,
Token::Register(r1),
Token::PSep,
);
self.buf.extend([r0, r1]);
self.insert_imm()?;
Ok(())
}
LD..=ST => {
expect_matches!(
self,
Token::Register(r0),
Token::PSep,
Token::Register(r1),
Token::PSep,
Token::Integer(offset),
Token::PSep,
Token::Integer(len),
);
self.buf.extend([r0, r1]);
self.buf.extend(offset.to_le_bytes());
self.buf.extend(
u16::try_from(len)
.map_err(|_| ErrorKind::InvalidToken)?
.to_le_bytes(),
);
Ok(())
}
_ => unreachable!(),
}?;
match self.next() {
Ok(Token::ISep) => (),
Ok(_) => return Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken),
Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedEnd) => return Ok(()),
Err(e) => return Err(e),
}
}
Some(Ok(Token::Label(lbl))) => {
self.label_map.insert(lbl, self.buf.len() as u64);
}
Some(Ok(Token::ISep)) => (),
Some(Ok(_)) => return Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken),
Some(Err(())) => return Err(ErrorKind::InvalidToken),
None => return Ok(()),
}
}
}
let datamod = Rc::new(data::module(&mut engine, SharedObject::clone(&obj))); fn link_local_syms(&mut self) -> Result<(), ErrorKind> {
engine.register_global_module(Rc::new(module)); for (ix, sym) in &self.to_sub_label {
engine.register_static_module("data", datamod); self.label_map
engine.register_type_with_name::<object::SymbolRef>("SymbolRef"); .get(sym)
loader(&mut engine)?; .ok_or(ErrorKind::InvalidSymbol)?
linker::link(obj, linkout)?; .to_le_bytes()
Ok(()) .iter()
.enumerate()
.for_each(|(i, b)| {
self.buf[ix + i] = *b;
});
}
Ok(())
}
fn insert_imm(&mut self) -> Result<(), ErrorKind> {
let imm = match self.next()? {
Token::Integer(i) => i.to_le_bytes(),
Token::Symbol(s) => {
self.to_sub_label.insert(self.buf.len(), s);
[0; 8]
}
_ => return Err(ErrorKind::UnexpectedToken),
};
self.buf.extend(imm);
Ok(())
}
}
let mut asm = Assembler {
lexer: Token::lexer(code),
label_map: Default::default(),
to_sub_label: Default::default(),
buf,
};
asm.assemble().map_err(|kind| Error {
kind,
span: asm.lexer.span(),
})?;
asm.link_local_syms()
.map_err(|kind| Error { kind, span: 0..0 })
} }

35
hbasm/src/linker.rs
View file

@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
use {
crate::{
object::{RelocKey, RelocType, Section},
SharedObject,
},
std::io::Write,
};
pub fn link(object: SharedObject, out: &mut impl Write) -> std::io::Result<()> {
let obj = &mut *object.borrow_mut();
for (&loc, entry) in &obj.relocs {
let value = match &entry.key {
RelocKey::Symbol(sym) => obj.symbols[*sym],
RelocKey::Label(label) => obj.symbols[obj.labels[label]],
}
.ok_or_else(|| std::io::Error::other("Invalid symbol"))?;
let offset = match value.location {
Section::Text => value.offset,
Section::Data => value.offset + obj.sections.text.len(),
};
match entry.ty {
RelocType::Rel32 => obj.sections.text[loc..loc + 4]
.copy_from_slice(&((offset as isize - loc as isize) as i32).to_le_bytes()),
RelocType::Rel16 => obj.sections.text[loc..loc + 2]
.copy_from_slice(&((offset as isize - loc as isize) as i16).to_le_bytes()),
RelocType::Abs64 => obj.sections.text[loc..loc + 8]
.copy_from_slice(&(offset as isize - loc as isize).to_le_bytes()),
}
}
out.write_all(&obj.sections.text)?;
out.write_all(&obj.sections.data)
}

21
hbasm/src/main.rs
View file

@ -1,8 +1,21 @@
use std::{io::stdout, path::PathBuf}; use std::{
error::Error,
io::{stdin, stdout, Read, Write},
};
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> { fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
let path = PathBuf::from(std::env::args().nth(1).ok_or("Missing path")?); let mut code = String::new();
hbasm::assembler(&mut stdout(), |engine| engine.run_file(path))?; stdin().read_to_string(&mut code)?;
let mut buf = vec![];
if let Err(e) = hbasm::assembly(&code, &mut buf) {
eprintln!(
"Error {:?} at {:?} (`{}`)",
e.kind,
e.span.clone(),
&code[e.span],
);
}
stdout().write_all(&buf)?;
Ok(()) Ok(())
} }

77
hbasm/src/object.rs
View file

@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
use {rhai::ImmutableString, std::collections::HashMap};
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum Section {
Text,
Data,
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub struct SymbolEntry {
pub location: Section,
pub offset: usize,
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub enum RelocKey {
Symbol(usize),
Label(ImmutableString),
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub enum RelocType {
Rel32,
Rel16,
Abs64,
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct RelocEntry {
pub key: RelocKey,
pub ty: RelocType,
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct Sections {
pub text: Vec<u8>,
pub data: Vec<u8>,
}
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
pub struct Object {
pub sections: Sections,
pub symbols: Vec<Option<SymbolEntry>>,
pub labels: HashMap<ImmutableString, usize>,
pub relocs: HashMap<usize, RelocEntry>,
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct SymbolRef(pub usize);
impl Object {
pub fn symbol(&mut self, section: Section) -> SymbolRef {
let section_buf = match section {
Section::Text => &mut self.sections.text,
Section::Data => &mut self.sections.data,
};
self.symbols.push(Some(SymbolEntry {
location: section,
offset: section_buf.len(),
}));
SymbolRef(self.symbols.len() - 1)
}
pub fn relocation(&mut self, key: RelocKey, ty: RelocType) {
self.relocs
.insert(self.sections.text.len(), RelocEntry { key, ty });
self.sections.text.extend(match ty {
RelocType::Rel32 => &[0_u8; 4] as &[u8],
RelocType::Rel16 => &[0; 2],
RelocType::Abs64 => &[0; 8],
});
}
}

3
hbbytecode/Cargo.toml
View file

@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
[package] [package]
name = "hbbytecode" name = "hbbytecode"
version = "0.1.0" version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2018" edition = "2021"
[dependencies] [dependencies]
with_builtin_macros = "0.0.3"

79
hbbytecode/hbbytecode.h
View file

@ -1,75 +1,60 @@
/* HoleyBytes Bytecode representation in C /* HoleyBytes Bytecode representation in C
* Requires C23 compiler or better * Requires C23 compiler or better
*
* Uses MSVC pack pragma extension,
* proved to work with Clang and GNU® GCC™.
*/ */
#pragma once #pragma once
#include <assert.h> #include <assert.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdint.h> #include <stdint.h>
static_assert(CHAR_BIT == 8, "Cursed architectures are not supported"); typedef enum hbbc_Opcode: uint8_t {
hbbc_Op_NOP, hbbc_Op_ADD, hbbc_Op_MUL, hbbc_Op_AND, hbbc_Op_OR, hbbc_Op_XOR, hbbc_Op_SL,
enum hbbc_Opcode: uint8_t { hbbc_Op_SR, hbbc_Op_SRS, hbbc_Op_CMP, hbbc_Op_CMPU, hbbc_Op_DIR, hbbc_Op_NEG, hbbc_Op_NOT,
hbbc_Op_UN , hbbc_Op_TX , hbbc_Op_NOP , hbbc_Op_ADD , hbbc_Op_SUB , hbbc_Op_MUL , hbbc_Op_ADDI, hbbc_Op_MULI, hbbc_Op_ANDI, hbbc_Op_ORI, hbbc_Op_XORI, hbbc_Op_SLI, hbbc_Op_SRI,
hbbc_Op_AND , hbbc_Op_OR , hbbc_Op_XOR , hbbc_Op_SL , hbbc_Op_SR , hbbc_Op_SRS , hbbc_Op_SRSI, hbbc_Op_CMPI, hbbc_Op_CMPUI, hbbc_Op_CP, hbbc_Op_SWA, hbbc_Op_LI, hbbc_Op_LD,
hbbc_Op_CMP , hbbc_Op_CMPU , hbbc_Op_DIR , hbbc_Op_NEG , hbbc_Op_NOT , hbbc_Op_ADDI , hbbc_Op_ST, hbbc_Op_BMC, hbbc_Op_BRC, hbbc_Op_JMP, hbbc_Op_JEQ, hbbc_Op_JNE, hbbc_Op_JLT,
hbbc_Op_MULI , hbbc_Op_ANDI , hbbc_Op_ORI , hbbc_Op_XORI , hbbc_Op_SLI , hbbc_Op_SRI , hbbc_Op_JGT, hbbc_Op_JLTU, hbbc_Op_JGTU, hbbc_Op_ECALL, hbbc_Op_ADDF, hbbc_Op_MULF,
hbbc_Op_SRSI , hbbc_Op_CMPI , hbbc_Op_CMPUI , hbbc_Op_CP , hbbc_Op_SWA , hbbc_Op_LI , hbbc_Op_DIRF, hbbc_Op_ADDFI, hbbc_Op_MULFI,
hhbc_Op_LRA , hbbc_Op_LD , hbbc_Op_ST , hbbc_Op_LDR , hhbc_Op_STR , hbbc_Op_BMC , } hbbc_Opcode;
hbbc_Op_BRC , hbbc_Op_JMP , hbbc_Op_JMPR , hbbc_Op_JAL , hbbc_Op_JALR , hbbc_Op_JEQ ,
hbbc_Op_JNE , hbbc_Op_JLT , hbbc_Op_JGT , hbbc_Op_JLTU , hbbc_Op_JGTU , hbbc_Op_ECALL ,
hbbc_Op_ADDF , hbbc_Op_SUBF , hbbc_Op_MULF , hbbc_Op_DIRF , hbbc_Op_FMAF , hbbc_Op_NEGF ,
hbbc_Op_ITF , hbbc_Op_FTI , hbbc_Op_ADDFI , hbbc_Op_MULFI ,
} typedef hbbc_Opcode;
static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_Opcode) == 1); static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_Opcode) == 1);
#pragma pack(push, 1) #pragma pack(push, 1)
struct hbbc_ParamBBBB typedef struct hbbc_ParamBBBB
{ uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint8_t _2; uint8_t _3; } { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint8_t _2; uint8_t _3; }
typedef hbbc_ParamBBBB; hbbc_ParamBBBB;
static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBBB) == 32 / 8); static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBBB) == 4);
struct hbbc_ParamBBB typedef struct hbbc_ParamBBB
{ uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint8_t _2; } { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint8_t _2; }
typedef hbbc_ParamBBB; hbbc_ParamBBB;
static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBB) == 24 / 8); static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBB) == 3);
struct hbbc_ParamBBDH typedef struct hbbc_ParamBBDH
{ uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint64_t _2; uint16_t _3; } { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint64_t _2; uint16_t _3; }
typedef hbbc_ParamBBDH; hbbc_ParamBBDH;
static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBDH) == 96 / 8); static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBDH) == 12);
struct hbbc_ParamBBWH typedef struct hbbc_ParamBBDB
{ uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint32_t _2; uint16_t _3; } { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint64_t _2; uint8_t _3; }
typedef hbbc_ParamBBWH; hbbc_ParamBBDB;
static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBWH) == 64 / 8); static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBDB) == 11);
typedef struct hbbc_ParamBBD
struct hbbc_ParamBBD
{ uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint64_t _2; } { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint64_t _2; }
typedef hbbc_ParamBBD; hbbc_ParamBBD;
static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBD) == 80 / 8); static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBD) == 10);
struct hbbc_ParamBBW typedef struct hbbc_ParamBB
{ uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; uint32_t _2; }
typedef hbbc_ParamBBW;
static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBBW) == 48 / 8);
struct hbbc_ParamBB
{ uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; } { uint8_t _0; uint8_t _1; }
typedef hbbc_ParamBB; hbbc_ParamBB;
static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBB) == 16 / 8); static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBB) == 2);
struct hbbc_ParamBD typedef struct hbbc_ParamBD
{ uint8_t _0; uint64_t _1; } { uint8_t _0; uint64_t _1; }
typedef hbbc_ParamBD; hbbc_ParamBD;
static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBD) == 72 / 8); static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamBD) == 9);
typedef uint64_t hbbc_ParamD; typedef uint64_t hbbc_ParamD;
static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamD) == 64 / 8); static_assert(sizeof(hbbc_ParamD) == 8);
#pragma pack(pop) #pragma pack(pop)

120
hbbytecode/instructions.in
View file

@ -1,120 +0,0 @@
0x00, UN, N, "Cause an unreachable code trap" ;
0x01, TX, N, "Termiante execution" ;
0x02, NOP, N, "Do nothing" ;
0x03, ADD8, RRR, "Addition (8b)" ;
0x04, ADD16, RRR, "Addition (16b)" ;
0x05, ADD32, RRR, "Addition (32b)" ;
0x06, ADD64, RRR, "Addition (64b)" ;
0x07, SUB8, RRR, "Subtraction (8b)" ;
0x08, SUB16, RRR, "Subtraction (16b)" ;
0x09, SUB32, RRR, "Subtraction (32b)" ;
0x0A, SUB64, RRR, "Subtraction (64b)" ;
0x0B, MUL8, RRR, "Multiplication (8b)" ;
0x0C, MUL16, RRR, "Multiplication (16b)" ;
0x0D, MUL32, RRR, "Multiplication (32b)" ;
0x0E, MUL64, RRR, "Multiplication (64b)" ;
0x0F, AND, RRR, "Bitand" ;
0x10, OR, RRR, "Bitor" ;
0x11, XOR, RRR, "Bitxor" ;
0x12, SLU8, RRR, "Unsigned left bitshift (8b)" ;
0x13, SLU16, RRR, "Unsigned left bitshift (16b)" ;
0x14, SLU32, RRR, "Unsigned left bitshift (32b)" ;
0x15, SLU64, RRR, "Unsigned left bitshift (64b)" ;
0x16, SRU8, RRR, "Unsigned right bitshift (8b)" ;
0x17, SRU16, RRR, "Unsigned right bitshift (16b)" ;
0x18, SRU32, RRR, "Unsigned right bitshift (32b)" ;
0x19, SRU64, RRR, "Unsigned right bitshift (64b)" ;
0x1A, SRS8, RRR, "Signed right bitshift (8b)" ;
0x1B, SRS16, RRR, "Signed right bitshift (16b)" ;
0x1C, SRS32, RRR, "Signed right bitshift (32b)" ;
0x1D, SRS64, RRR, "Signed right bitshift (64b)" ;
0x1E, CMPU, RRR, "Unsigned comparsion" ;
0x1F, CMPS, RRR, "Signed comparsion" ;
0x20, DIRU8, RRRR, "Merged divide-remainder (unsigned 8b)" ;
0x21, DIRU16, RRRR, "Merged divide-remainder (unsigned 16b)" ;
0x22, DIRU32, RRRR, "Merged divide-remainder (unsigned 32b)" ;
0x23, DIRU64, RRRR, "Merged divide-remainder (unsigned 64b)" ;
0x24, DIRS8, RRRR, "Merged divide-remainder (signed 8b)" ;
0x25, DIRS16, RRRR, "Merged divide-remainder (signed 16b)" ;
0x26, DIRS32, RRRR, "Merged divide-remainder (signed 32b)" ;
0x27, DIRS64, RRRR, "Merged divide-remainder (signed 64b)" ;
0x28, NEG, RR, "Bit negation" ;
0x29, NOT, RR, "Logical negation" ;
0x2A, SXT8, RR, "Sign extend 8b to 64b" ;
0x2B, SXT16, RR, "Sign extend 16b to 64b" ;
0x2C, SXT32, RR, "Sign extend 32b to 64b" ;
0x2D, ADDI8, RRB, "Addition with immediate (8b)" ;
0x2E, ADDI16, RRH, "Addition with immediate (16b)" ;
0x2F, ADDI32, RRW, "Addition with immediate (32b)" ;
0x30, ADDI64, RRD, "Addition with immediate (64b)" ;
0x31, MULI8, RRB, "Multiplication with immediate (8b)" ;
0x32, MULI16, RRH, "Multiplication with immediate (16b)" ;
0x33, MULI32, RRW, "Multiplication with immediate (32b)" ;
0x34, MULI64, RRD, "Multiplication with immediate (64b)" ;
0x35, ANDI, RRD, "Bitand with immediate" ;
0x36, ORI, RRD, "Bitor with immediate" ;
0x37, XORI, RRD, "Bitxor with immediate" ;
0x38, SLUI8, RRB, "Unsigned left bitshift with immedidate (8b)" ;
0x39, SLUI16, RRB, "Unsigned left bitshift with immedidate (16b)";
0x3A, SLUI32, RRB, "Unsigned left bitshift with immedidate (32b)";
0x3B, SLUI64, RRB, "Unsigned left bitshift with immedidate (64b)";
0x3C, SRUI8, RRB, "Unsigned right bitshift with immediate (8b)" ;
0x3D, SRUI16, RRB, "Unsigned right bitshift with immediate (16b)";
0x3E, SRUI32, RRB, "Unsigned right bitshift with immediate (32b)";
0x3F, SRUI64, RRB, "Unsigned right bitshift with immediate (64b)";
0x40, SRSI8, RRB, "Signed right bitshift with immediate" ;
0x41, SRSI16, RRB, "Signed right bitshift with immediate" ;
0x42, SRSI32, RRB, "Signed right bitshift with immediate" ;
0x43, SRSI64, RRB, "Signed right bitshift with immediate" ;
0x44, CMPUI, RRD, "Unsigned compare with immediate" ;
0x45, CMPSI, RRD, "Signed compare with immediate" ;
0x46, CP, RR, "Copy register" ;
0x47, SWA, RR, "Swap registers" ;
0x48, LI8, RB, "Load immediate (8b)" ;
0x49, LI16, RH, "Load immediate (16b)" ;
0x4A, LI32, RW, "Load immediate (32b)" ;
0x4B, LI64, RD, "Load immediate (64b)" ;
0x4C, LRA, RRO, "Load relative address" ;
0x4D, LD, RRAH, "Load from absolute address" ;
0x4E, ST, RRAH, "Store to absolute address" ;
0x4F, LDR, RROH, "Load from relative address" ;
0x50, STR, RROH, "Store to relative address" ;
0x51, BMC, RRH, "Copy block of memory" ;
0x52, BRC, RRB, "Copy register block" ;
0x53, JMP, O, "Relative jump" ;
0x54, JAL, RRO, "Linking relative jump" ;
0x55, JALA, RRA, "Linking absolute jump" ;
0x56, JEQ, RRP, "Branch on equal" ;
0x57, JNE, RRP, "Branch on nonequal" ;
0x58, JLTU, RRP, "Branch on lesser-than (unsigned)" ;
0x59, JGTU, RRP, "Branch on greater-than (unsigned)" ;
0x5A, JLTS, RRP, "Branch on lesser-than (signed)" ;
0x5B, JGTS, RRP, "Branch on greater-than (signed)" ;
0x5C, ECA, N, "Environment call trap" ;
0x5D, EBP, N, "Environment breakpoint" ;
0x5E, FADD32, RRR, "Floating point addition (32b)" ;
0x5F, FADD64, RRR, "Floating point addition (64b)" ;
0x60, FSUB32, RRR, "Floating point subtraction (32b)" ;
0x61, FSUB64, RRR, "Floating point subtraction (64b)" ;
0x62, FMUL32, RRR, "Floating point multiply (32b)" ;
0x63, FMUL64, RRR, "Floating point multiply (64b)" ;
0x64, FDIV32, RRR, "Floating point division (32b)" ;
0x65, FDIV64, RRR, "Floating point division (64b)" ;
0x66, FMA32, RRRR, "Float fused multiply-add (32b)" ;
0x67, FMA64, RRRR, "Float fused multiply-add (64b)" ;
0x68, FINV32, RR, "Float reciprocal (32b)" ;
0x69, FINV64, RR, "Float reciprocal (64b)" ;
0x6A, FCMPLT32, RRR, "Flaot compare less than (32b)" ;
0x6B, FCMPLT64, RRR, "Flaot compare less than (64b)" ;
0x6C, FCMPGT32, RRR, "Flaot compare greater than (32b)" ;
0x6D, FCMPGT64, RRR, "Flaot compare greater than (64b)" ;
0x6E, ITF32, RR, "Int to 32 bit float" ;
0x6F, ITF64, RR, "Int to 64 bit float" ;
0x70, FTI32, RRB, "Float 32 to int" ;
0x71, FTI64, RRB, "Float 64 to int" ;
0x72, FC32T64, RR, "Float 64 to Float 32" ;
0x73, FC64T32, RRB, "Float 32 to Float 64" ;
0x74, LRA16, RRO, "Load relative immediate (16 bit)" ;
0x75, LDR16, RRPH, "Load from relative address (16 bit)" ;
0x76, STR16, RRPH, "Store to relative address (16 bit)" ;
0x77, JMP16, P, "Relative jump (16 bit)" ;

203
hbbytecode/src/lib.rs
View file

@ -1,119 +1,106 @@
#![no_std] #![no_std]
use core::convert::TryFrom; macro_rules! constmod {
($vis:vis $mname:ident($repr:ty) {
type OpR = u8; $(#![doc = $mdoc:literal])?
$($cname:ident = $val:expr $(,$doc:literal)?;)*
type OpA = u64; }) => {
type OpO = i32; $(#[doc = $mdoc])?
type OpP = i16; $vis mod $mname {
type OpB = u8;
type OpH = u16;
type OpW = u32;
type OpD = u64;
/// # Safety
/// Has to be valid to be decoded from bytecode.
pub unsafe trait BytecodeItem {}
macro_rules! define_items {
($($name:ident ($($item:ident),* $(,)?)),* $(,)?) => {
$(
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
#[repr(packed)]
pub struct $name($(pub $item),*);
unsafe impl BytecodeItem for $name {}
)*
};
}
define_items! {
OpsRR (OpR, OpR ),
OpsRRR (OpR, OpR, OpR ),
OpsRRRR (OpR, OpR, OpR, OpR),
OpsRRB (OpR, OpR, OpB ),
OpsRRH (OpR, OpR, OpH ),
OpsRRW (OpR, OpR, OpW ),
OpsRRD (OpR, OpR, OpD ),
OpsRB (OpR, OpB ),
OpsRH (OpR, OpH ),
OpsRW (OpR, OpW ),
OpsRD (OpR, OpD ),
OpsRRA (OpR, OpR, OpA ),
OpsRRAH (OpR, OpR, OpA, OpH),
OpsRROH (OpR, OpR, OpO, OpH),
OpsRRPH (OpR, OpR, OpP, OpH),
OpsRRO (OpR, OpR, OpO ),
OpsRRP (OpR, OpR, OpP ),
OpsO (OpO, ),
OpsP (OpP, ),
OpsN ( ),
}
unsafe impl BytecodeItem for u8 {}
::with_builtin_macros::with_builtin! {
let $spec = include_from_root!("instructions.in") in {
/// Invoke macro with bytecode definition
///
/// # Format
/// ```text
/// Opcode, Mnemonic, Type, Docstring;
/// ```
///
/// # Type
/// ```text
/// Types consist of letters meaning a single field
/// | Type | Size (B) | Meaning |
/// |:-----|:---------|:------------------------|
/// | N | 0 | Empty |
/// | R | 1 | Register |
/// | A | 8 | Absolute address |
/// | O | 4 | Relative address offset |
/// | P | 2 | Relative address offset |
/// | B | 1 | Immediate |
/// | H | 2 | Immediate |
/// | W | 4 | Immediate |
/// | D | 8 | Immediate |
/// ```
#[macro_export]
macro_rules! invoke_with_def {
($macro:path) => {
$macro! { $spec }
};
}
}
}
macro_rules! gen_opcodes {
($($opcode:expr, $mnemonic:ident, $_ty:ident, $doc:literal;)*) => {
pub mod opcode {
$( $(
#[doc = $doc] $(#[doc = $doc])?
pub const $mnemonic: u8 = $opcode; pub const $cname: $repr = $val;
)* )*
} }
}; };
} }
/// Rounding mode constmod!(pub opcode(u8) {
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)] //! Opcode constant module
#[repr(u8)]
pub enum RoundingMode {
NearestEven = 0,
Truncate = 1,
Up = 2,
Down = 3,
}
impl TryFrom<u8> for RoundingMode { NOP = 0, "N; Do nothing";
type Error = ();
fn try_from(value: u8) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> { ADD = 1, "BBB; #0 ← #1 + #2";
(value <= 3) SUB = 2, "BBB; #0 ← #1 - #2";
.then(|| unsafe { core::mem::transmute(value) }) MUL = 3, "BBB; #0 ← #1 × #2";
.ok_or(()) AND = 4, "BBB; #0 ← #1 & #2";
} OR = 5, "BBB; #0 ← #1 | #2";
} XOR = 6, "BBB; #0 ← #1 ^ #2";
SL = 7, "BBB; #0 ← #1 « #2";
SR = 8, "BBB; #0 ← #1 » #2";
SRS = 9, "BBB; #0 ← #1 » #2 (signed)";
CMP = 10, "BBB; #0 ← #1 <=> #2";
CMPU = 11, "BBB; #0 ← #1 <=> #2 (unsigned)";
DIR = 12, "BBBB; #0 ← #2 / #3, #1 ← #2 % #3";
NEG = 13, "BB; #0 ← ~#1";
NOT = 14, "BB; #0 ← !#1";
invoke_with_def!(gen_opcodes); ADDI = 15, "BBD; #0 ← #1 + imm #2";
MULI = 16, "BBD; #0 ← #1 × imm #2";
ANDI = 17, "BBD; #0 ← #1 & imm #2";
ORI = 18, "BBD; #0 ← #1 | imm #2";
XORI = 19, "BBD; #0 ← #1 ^ imm #2";
SLI = 20, "BBD; #0 ← #1 « imm #2";
SRI = 21, "BBD; #0 ← #1 » imm #2";
SRSI = 22, "BBD; #0 ← #1 » imm #2 (signed)";
CMPI = 23, "BBD; #0 ← #1 <=> imm #2";
CMPUI = 24, "BBD; #0 ← #1 <=> imm #2 (unsigned)";
CP = 25, "BB; Copy #0 ← #1";
SWA = 26, "BB; Swap #0 and #1";
LI = 27, "BD; #0 ← imm #1";
LD = 28, "BBDB; #0 ← [#1 + imm #3], imm #4 bytes, overflowing";
ST = 29, "BBDB; [#1 + imm #3] ← #0, imm #4 bytes, overflowing";
BMC = 30, "BBD; [#0] ← [#1], imm #2 bytes";
BRC = 31, "BBB; #0 ← #1, imm #2 registers";
JMP = 32, "BD; Unconditional jump [#0 + imm #1]";
JEQ = 33, "BBD; if #0 = #1 → jump imm #2";
JNE = 34, "BBD; if #0 ≠ #1 → jump imm #2";
JLT = 35, "BBD; if #0 < #1 → jump imm #2";
JGT = 36, "BBD; if #0 > #1 → jump imm #2";
JLTU = 37, "BBD; if #0 < #1 → jump imm #2 (unsigned)";
JGTU = 38, "BBD; if #0 > #1 → jump imm #2 (unsigned)";
ECALL = 39, "N; Issue system call";
ADDF = 40, "BBB; #0 ← #1 +. #2";
MULF = 41, "BBB; #0 ← #1 +. #2";
DIRF = 42, "BBBB; #0 ← #2 / #3, #1 ← #2 % #3";
ADDFI = 43, "BBD; #0 ← #1 +. imm #2";
MULFI = 44, "BBD; #0 ← #1 *. imm #2";
});
#[repr(packed)]
pub struct ParamBBBB(pub u8, pub u8, pub u8, pub u8);
#[repr(packed)]
pub struct ParamBBB(pub u8, pub u8, pub u8);
#[repr(packed)]
pub struct ParamBBDH(pub u8, pub u8, pub u64, pub u16);
#[repr(packed)]
pub struct ParamBBDB(pub u8, pub u8, pub u64, pub u8);
#[repr(packed)]
pub struct ParamBBD(pub u8, pub u8, pub u64);
#[repr(packed)]
pub struct ParamBB(pub u8, pub u8);
#[repr(packed)]
pub struct ParamBD(pub u8, pub u64);
/// # Safety
/// Has to be valid to be decoded from bytecode.
pub unsafe trait OpParam {}
unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBBBB {}
unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBBB {}
unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBBDB {}
unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBBDH {}
unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBBD {}
unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBB {}
unsafe impl OpParam for ParamBD {}
unsafe impl OpParam for u64 {}
unsafe impl OpParam for () {}

13
hbvm/Cargo.toml
View file

@ -6,10 +6,11 @@ edition = "2021"
[profile.release] [profile.release]
lto = true lto = true
[features]
default = ["alloc"]
alloc = []
nightly = []
[dependencies] [dependencies]
hbbytecode.path = "../hbbytecode" delegate = "0.9"
derive_more = "0.99"
hashbrown = "0.13"
hbbytecode.path = "../hbbytecode"
log = "0.4"
paste = "1.0"
static_assertions = "1.0"

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hbvm/README.md
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5
hbvm/fuzz/.gitignore vendored
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@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
target
artifacts
corpus
coverage
Cargo.lock

30
hbvm/fuzz/Cargo.toml
View file

@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
[package]
name = "hbvm-fuzz"
version = "0.0.0"
publish = false
edition = "2021"
[package.metadata]
cargo-fuzz = true
[dependencies]
libfuzzer-sys = "0.4"
[dependencies.hbvm]
path = ".."
[dependencies.hbbytecode]
path = "../../hbbytecode"
# Prevent this from interfering with workspaces
[workspace]
members = ["."]
[profile.release]
debug = 1
[[bin]]
name = "vm"
path = "fuzz_targets/vm.rs"
test = false
doc = false

82
hbvm/fuzz/fuzz_targets/vm.rs
View file

@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
#![no_main]
use {
hbvm::{
mem::{
softpaging::{
paging::{PageTable, Permission},
HandlePageFault, PageSize, SoftPagedMem,
},
Address, MemoryAccessReason,
},
Vm,
},
libfuzzer_sys::fuzz_target,
};
fuzz_target!(|data: &[u8]| {
let mut vm = unsafe {
Vm::<_, 16384>::new(
SoftPagedMem::<_, true> {
pf_handler: TestTrapHandler,
program: data,
root_pt: Box::into_raw(Default::default()),
icache: Default::default(),
},
Address::new(4),
)
};
// Alloc and map some memory
let pages = [
alloc_and_map(&mut vm.memory, 0),
alloc_and_map(&mut vm.memory, 4096),
];
// Run VM
let _ = vm.run();
// Unmap and dealloc the memory
for (i, page) in pages.into_iter().enumerate() {
unmap_and_dealloc(&mut vm.memory, page, i as u64 * 4096);
}
let _ = unsafe { Box::from_raw(vm.memory.root_pt) };
});
fn alloc_and_map(memory: &mut SoftPagedMem<TestTrapHandler>, at: u64) -> *mut u8 {
let ptr = Box::into_raw(Box::<Page>::default()).cast();
unsafe {
memory
.map(ptr, Address::new(at), Permission::Write, PageSize::Size4K)
.unwrap()
};
ptr
}
fn unmap_and_dealloc(memory: &mut SoftPagedMem<TestTrapHandler>, ptr: *mut u8, from: u64) {
memory.unmap(Address::new(from)).unwrap();
let _ = unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr.cast::<Page>()) };
}
#[repr(align(4096))]
struct Page([u8; 4096]);
impl Default for Page {
fn default() -> Self {
unsafe { std::mem::MaybeUninit::zeroed().assume_init() }
}
}
struct TestTrapHandler;
impl HandlePageFault for TestTrapHandler {
fn page_fault(
&mut self,
_: MemoryAccessReason,
_: &mut PageTable,
_: Address,
_: PageSize,
_: *mut u8,
) -> bool {
false
}
}

141
hbvm/src/bmc.rs
View file

@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
//! Block memory copier state machine
use {
super::{mem::MemoryAccessReason, Memory, VmRunError},
crate::mem::Address,
core::{mem::MaybeUninit, task::Poll},
};
/// Buffer size (defaults to 4 KiB, a smallest page size on most platforms)
const BUF_SIZE: usize = 4096;
/// Buffer of possibly uninitialised bytes, aligned to [`BUF_SIZE`]
#[repr(align(4096))]
struct AlignedBuf([MaybeUninit<u8>; BUF_SIZE]);
/// State for block memory copy
pub struct BlockCopier {
/// Source address
src: Address,
/// Destination address
dst: Address,
/// How many buffer sizes to copy?
n_buffers: usize,
/// …and what remainds after?
rem: usize,
}
impl BlockCopier {
/// Construct a new one
#[inline]
pub fn new(src: Address, dst: Address, count: usize) -> Self {
Self {
src,
dst,
n_buffers: count / BUF_SIZE,
rem: count % BUF_SIZE,
}
}
/// Copy one block
///
/// # Safety
/// - Same as for [`Memory::load`] and [`Memory::store`]
pub unsafe fn poll(&mut self, memory: &mut impl Memory) -> Poll<Result<(), BlkCopyError>> {
// Safety: Assuming uninit of array of MaybeUninit is sound
let mut buf = AlignedBuf(unsafe { MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init() });
// We have at least one buffer size to copy
if self.n_buffers != 0 {
if let Err(e) = unsafe {
act(
memory,
self.src,
self.dst,
buf.0.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
BUF_SIZE,
)
} {
return Poll::Ready(Err(e));
}
// Bump source and destination address
self.src += BUF_SIZE;
self.dst += BUF_SIZE;
self.n_buffers -= 1;
return if self.n_buffers + self.rem == 0 {
// If there is nothing left, we are done
Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
} else {
// Otherwise let's advice to run it again
Poll::Pending
};
}
if self.rem != 0 {
if let Err(e) = unsafe {
act(
memory,
self.src,
self.dst,
buf.0.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
self.rem,
)
} {
return Poll::Ready(Err(e));
}
}
Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
}
}
/// Load to buffer and store from buffer
#[inline]
unsafe fn act(
memory: &mut impl Memory,
src: Address,
dst: Address,
buf: *mut u8,
count: usize,
) -> Result<(), BlkCopyError> {
unsafe {
// Load to buffer
memory
.load(src, buf, count)
.map_err(|super::mem::LoadError(addr)| BlkCopyError {
access_reason: MemoryAccessReason::Load,
addr,
})?;
// Store from buffer
memory
.store(dst, buf, count)
.map_err(|super::mem::StoreError(addr)| BlkCopyError {
access_reason: MemoryAccessReason::Store,
addr,
})?;
}
Ok(())
}
/// Error occured when copying a block of memory
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct BlkCopyError {
/// Kind of access
access_reason: MemoryAccessReason,
/// VM Address
addr: Address,
}
impl From<BlkCopyError> for VmRunError {
fn from(value: BlkCopyError) -> Self {
match value.access_reason {
MemoryAccessReason::Load => Self::LoadAccessEx(value.addr),
MemoryAccessReason::Store => Self::StoreAccessEx(value.addr),
}
}
}

66
hbvm/src/float/aarch64.rs
View file

@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
use {core::arch::asm, hbbytecode::RoundingMode};
macro_rules! fnsdef {
{$(
$(#[$attr:meta])*
$vis:vis fn $name:ident[$inreg:ident -> $outreg:ident]($from:ident -> $to:ident): $ins:literal;
)*} => {$(
$(#[$attr])*
$vis fn $name(val: $from, mode: RoundingMode) -> $to {
let result: $to;
unsafe {
set_rounding_mode(mode);
asm!(
$ins,
out($outreg) result,
in($inreg) val,
);
default_rounding_mode();
}
result
}
)*};
}
fnsdef! {
/// Convert [`f64`] to [`f32`] with chosen rounding mode
pub fn conv64to32[vreg -> vreg](f64 -> f32): "fcvt {:s}, {:d}";
/// Convert [`f32`] to [`i64`] with chosen rounding mode
pub fn f32toint[vreg -> reg](f32 -> i64): "fcvtzs {}, {:s}";
/// Convert [`f64`] to [`i64`] with chosen rounding mode
pub fn f64toint[vreg -> reg](f64 -> i64): "fcvtzs {}, {:d}";
}
/// Set rounding mode
///
/// # Safety
/// - Do not call if rounding mode isn't [`RoundingMode::NearestEven`]
/// - Do not perform any Rust FP operations until reset using
/// [`default_rounding_mode`], you have to rely on inline assembly
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn set_rounding_mode(mode: RoundingMode) {
if mode == RoundingMode::NearestEven {
return;
}
let fpcr: u64;
unsafe { asm!("mrs {}, fpcr", out(reg) fpcr) };
let fpcr = fpcr & !(0b11 << 22)
| (match mode {
RoundingMode::NearestEven => 0b00,
RoundingMode::Truncate => 0b11,
RoundingMode::Up => 0b01,
RoundingMode::Down => 0b10,
}) << 22;
unsafe { asm!("msr fpcr, {}", in(reg) fpcr) };
}
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn default_rounding_mode() {
// I hope so much it gets optimised
set_rounding_mode(RoundingMode::NearestEven);
}

17
hbvm/src/float/mod.rs
View file

@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
macro_rules! arch_specific {
{
$({$($cfg:tt)*} : $mod:ident;)*
} => {$(
#[cfg($($cfg)*)]
mod $mod;
#[cfg($($cfg)*)]
pub use $mod::*;
)*};
}
arch_specific! {
{target_arch = "x86_64" }: x86_64;
{target_arch = "riscv64"}: riscv64;
{target_arch = "aarch64"}: aarch64;
}

59
hbvm/src/float/riscv64.rs
View file

@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
use {core::arch::asm, hbbytecode::RoundingMode};
macro_rules! roundm_op_litmode_internal {
($ins:literal, $in:expr, $out:expr => $outy:ident, $mode:literal $(,)?) => {
asm!(
concat!($ins, " {}, {}, ", $mode),
out($outy) $out,
in(freg) $in,
)
};
}
macro_rules! gen_roundm_op_litmode {
[$($ty:ident => $reg:ident),* $(,)?] => {
macro_rules! roundm_op_litmode {
$(
($ins:literal, $in:expr, $out:expr => $ty, $mode:literal) => {
roundm_op_litmode_internal!($ins, $in, $out => $reg, $mode)
};
)*
}
};
}
gen_roundm_op_litmode![
f32 => freg,
f64 => freg,
i64 => reg,
];
macro_rules! fnsdef {
{$(
$(#[$attr:meta])*
$vis:vis fn $name:ident($from:ident -> $to:ident): $ins:literal;
)*} => {$(
$(#[$attr])*
$vis fn $name(val: $from, mode: RoundingMode) -> $to {
let result: $to;
unsafe {
match mode {
RoundingMode::NearestEven => roundm_op_litmode!($ins, val, result => $to, "rne"),
RoundingMode::Truncate => roundm_op_litmode!($ins, val, result => $to, "rtz"),
RoundingMode::Up => roundm_op_litmode!($ins, val, result => $to, "rup"),
RoundingMode::Down => roundm_op_litmode!($ins, val, result => $to, "rdn"),
}
}
result
}
)*};
}
fnsdef! {
/// Convert [`f64`] to [`f32`] with chosen rounding mode
pub fn conv64to32(f64 -> f32): "fcvt.s.d";
/// Convert [`f32`] to [`i64`] with chosen rounding mode
pub fn f32toint(f32 -> i64): "fcvt.l.s";
/// Convert [`f64`] to [`i64`] with chosen rounding mode
pub fn f64toint(f64 -> i64): "fcvt.l.d";
}

73
hbvm/src/float/x86_64.rs
View file

@ -1,73 +0,0 @@
use {
core::arch::{asm, x86_64 as arin},
hbbytecode::RoundingMode,
};
macro_rules! gen_op {
[$($ty:ident => $reg:ident),* $(,)?] => {
macro_rules! op {
$(
($ins:literal, $in:expr, $out:expr => $ty) => {
asm!(concat!($ins, " {}, {}"), out($reg) $out, in(xmm_reg) $in)
};
)*
}
};
}
gen_op![
f32 => xmm_reg,
f64 => xmm_reg,
i64 => reg,
];
macro_rules! fnsdef {
{$(
$(#[$attr:meta])*
$vis:vis fn $name:ident($from:ident -> $to:ident): $ins:literal;
)*} => {$(
$(#[$attr])*
$vis fn $name(val: $from, mode: RoundingMode) -> $to {
let result: $to;
unsafe {
set_rounding_mode(mode);
op!($ins, val, result => $to);
default_rounding_mode();
}
result
}
)*};
}
fnsdef! {
/// Convert [`f64`] to [`f32`] with chosen rounding mode
pub fn conv64to32(f64 -> f32): "cvtsd2ss";
/// Convert [`f32`] to [`i64`] with chosen rounding mode
pub fn f32toint(f32 -> i64): "cvttss2si";
/// Convert [`f64`] to [`i64`] with chosen rounding mode
pub fn f64toint(f64 -> i64): "cvttsd2si";
}
/// Set rounding mode
///
/// # Safety
/// - Do not call if rounding mode isn't [`RoundingMode::NearestEven`]
/// - Do not perform any Rust FP operations until reset using
/// [`default_rounding_mode`], you have to rely on inline assembly
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn set_rounding_mode(mode: RoundingMode) {
unsafe {
arin::_MM_SET_ROUNDING_MODE(match mode {
RoundingMode::NearestEven => return,
RoundingMode::Truncate => arin::_MM_ROUND_TOWARD_ZERO,
RoundingMode::Up => arin::_MM_ROUND_UP,
RoundingMode::Down => arin::_MM_ROUND_DOWN,
})
}
}
#[inline(always)]
fn default_rounding_mode() {
// SAFETY: This is said to be the default mode, do not trust me.
unsafe { arin::_MM_SET_ROUNDING_MODE(arin::_MM_ROUND_NEAREST) };
}

140
hbvm/src/lib.rs
View file

@ -1,141 +1,5 @@
//! HoleyBytes Virtual Machine
//!
//! # Alloc feature
//! - Enabled by default
//! - Provides mapping / unmapping, as well as [`Default`] and [`Drop`]
//! implementations for soft-paged memory implementation
// # General safety notice:
// - Validation has to assure there is 256 registers (r0 - r255)
// - Instructions have to be valid as specified (values and sizes)
// - Mapped pages should be at least 4 KiB
#![no_std] #![no_std]
#![cfg_attr(feature = "nightly", feature(fn_align))]
#![deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
extern crate alloc; extern crate alloc;
pub mod mem; pub mod validate;
pub mod value; pub mod vm;
mod bmc;
mod float;
mod utils;
mod vmrun;
use {
bmc::BlockCopier,
mem::{Address, Memory},
value::{Value, ValueVariant},
};
/// HoleyBytes Virtual Machine
pub struct Vm<Mem, const TIMER_QUOTIENT: usize> {
/// Holds 256 registers
///
/// Writing to register 0 is considered undefined behaviour
/// in terms of HoleyBytes program execution
pub registers: [Value; 256],
/// Memory implementation
pub memory: Mem,
/// Program counter
pub pc: Address,
/// Program timer
timer: usize,
/// Saved block copier
copier: Option<BlockCopier>,
}
impl<Mem, const TIMER_QUOTIENT: usize> Vm<Mem, TIMER_QUOTIENT>
where
Mem: Memory,
{
/// Create a new VM with program and trap handler
///
/// # Safety
/// Program code has to be validated
pub unsafe fn new(memory: Mem, entry: Address) -> Self {
Self {
registers: [Value::from(0_u64); 256],
memory,
pc: entry,
timer: 0,
copier: None,
}
}
/// Read register
#[inline(always)]
pub fn read_reg(&self, n: u8) -> Value {
unsafe { *self.registers.get_unchecked(n as usize) }
}
/// Write a register.
/// Writing to register 0 is no-op.
#[inline(always)]
pub fn write_reg<T: ValueVariant>(&mut self, n: u8, value: T) {
if n != 0 {
unsafe {
core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(
(&value as *const T).cast::<u8>(),
self.registers.as_mut_ptr().add(n.into()).cast::<u8>(),
core::mem::size_of::<T>(),
);
};
}
}
}
/// Virtual machine halt error
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[repr(u8)]
pub enum VmRunError {
/// Tried to execute invalid instruction
InvalidOpcode(u8),
/// Unhandled load access exception
LoadAccessEx(Address),
/// Unhandled instruction load access exception
ProgramFetchLoadEx(Address),
/// Unhandled store access exception
StoreAccessEx(Address),
/// Register out-of-bounds access
RegOutOfBounds,
/// Address out-of-bounds
AddrOutOfBounds,
/// Reached unreachable code
Unreachable,
/// Invalid operand
InvalidOperand,
/// Unimplemented feature
Unimplemented,
}
/// Virtual machine halt ok
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum VmRunOk {
/// Program has eached its end
End,
/// Program was interrupted by a timer
Timer,
/// Environment call
Ecall,
/// Breakpoint
Breakpoint,
}

59
hbvm/src/main.rs Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
use hbvm::vm::{
mem::{Memory, MemoryAccessReason, PageSize},
trap::HandleTrap,
value::Value,
};
use {
hbvm::{validate::validate, vm::Vm},
std::io::{stdin, Read},
};
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
let mut prog = vec![];
stdin().read_to_end(&mut prog)?;
if let Err(e) = validate(&prog) {
eprintln!("Program validation error: {e:?}");
return Ok(());
} else {
unsafe {
let mut vm = Vm::new_unchecked(&prog, TestTrapHandler);
vm.memory.insert_test_page();
println!("Program interrupt: {:?}", vm.run());
println!("{:?}", vm.registers);
}
}
Ok(())
}
pub fn time() -> u32 {
9
}
struct TestTrapHandler;
impl HandleTrap for TestTrapHandler {
fn page_fault(
&mut self,
_: MemoryAccessReason,
_: &mut Memory,
_: u64,
_: PageSize,
_: *mut u8,
) -> bool {
false
}
fn invalid_op(&mut self, _: &mut [Value; 256], _: &mut usize, _: &mut Memory, _: u8) -> bool
where
Self: Sized,
{
false
}
fn ecall(&mut self, _: &mut [Value; 256], _: &mut usize, _: &mut Memory)
where
Self: Sized,
{
}
}

131
hbvm/src/mem/addr.rs
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@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
//! Virtual(?) memory address
use {
crate::utils::impl_display,
core::{fmt::Debug, ops},
};
/// Memory address
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct Address(u64);
impl Address {
/// A null address
pub const NULL: Self = Self(0);
/// Saturating integer addition. Computes self + rhs, saturating at the numeric bounds instead of overflowing.
#[inline]
pub fn saturating_add<T: AddressOp>(self, rhs: T) -> Self {
Self(self.0.saturating_add(rhs.cast_u64()))
}
/// Saturating integer subtraction. Computes self - rhs, saturating at the numeric bounds instead of overflowing.
#[inline]
pub fn saturating_sub<T: AddressOp>(self, rhs: T) -> Self {
Self(self.0.saturating_sub(rhs.cast_u64()))
}
/// Wrapping integer addition. Computes self + rhs, wrapping the numeric bounds.
#[inline]
pub fn wrapping_add<T: AddressOp>(self, rhs: T) -> Self {
Self(self.0.wrapping_add(rhs.cast_u64()))
}
/// Wrapping integer subtraction. Computes self + rhs, wrapping the numeric bounds.
#[inline]
pub fn wrapping_sub<T: AddressOp>(self, rhs: T) -> Self {
Self(self.0.wrapping_sub(rhs.cast_u64()))
}
/// Cast or if smaller, truncate to [`usize`]
pub fn truncate_usize(self) -> usize {
self.0 as _
}
/// Get inner value
#[inline(always)]
pub fn get(self) -> u64 {
self.0
}
/// Construct new address
#[inline(always)]
pub fn new(val: u64) -> Self {
Self(val)
}
/// Do something with inner value
#[inline(always)]
pub fn map(self, f: impl Fn(u64) -> u64) -> Self {
Self(f(self.0))
}
}
impl_display!(for Address =>
|Address(a)| "{a:0x}"
);
impl<T: AddressOp> ops::Add<T> for Address {
type Output = Self;
#[inline]
fn add(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output {
Self(self.0.wrapping_add(rhs.cast_u64()))
}
}
impl<T: AddressOp> ops::Sub<T> for Address {
type Output = Self;
#[inline]
fn sub(self, rhs: T) -> Self::Output {
Self(self.0.wrapping_sub(rhs.cast_u64()))
}
}
impl<T: AddressOp> ops::AddAssign<T> for Address {
fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: T) {
self.0 = self.0.wrapping_add(rhs.cast_u64())
}
}
impl<T: AddressOp> ops::SubAssign<T> for Address {
fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: T) {
self.0 = self.0.wrapping_sub(rhs.cast_u64())
}
}
impl From<Address> for u64 {
#[inline(always)]
fn from(value: Address) -> Self {
value.0
}
}
impl Debug for Address {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
write!(f, "[{:0x}]", self.0)
}
}
/// Can perform address operations with
pub trait AddressOp {
/// Cast to u64, truncating or extending
fn cast_u64(self) -> u64;
}
macro_rules! impl_address_ops_u(($($ty:ty),* $(,)?) => {
$(impl AddressOp for $ty {
#[inline(always)]
fn cast_u64(self) -> u64 { self as _ }
})*
});
macro_rules! impl_address_ops_i(($($ty:ty),* $(,)?) => {
$(impl AddressOp for $ty {
#[inline(always)]
fn cast_u64(self) -> u64 { self as i64 as u64 }
})*
});
impl_address_ops_u!(u8, u16, u32, u64, usize);
impl_address_ops_i!(i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);

80
hbvm/src/mem/mod.rs
View file

@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
//! Memory implementations
pub mod softpaging;
pub(crate) mod addr;
pub use addr::Address;
use crate::utils::impl_display;
/// Load-store memory access
pub trait Memory {
/// Load data from memory on address
///
/// # Safety
/// - Shall not overrun the buffer
unsafe fn load(
&mut self,
addr: Address,
target: *mut u8,
count: usize,
) -> Result<(), LoadError>;
/// Store data to memory on address
///
/// # Safety
/// - Shall not overrun the buffer
unsafe fn store(
&mut self,
addr: Address,
source: *const u8,
count: usize,
) -> Result<(), StoreError>;
/// Read from program memory to execute
///
/// # Safety
/// - Data read have to be valid
unsafe fn prog_read<T: Copy>(&mut self, addr: Address) -> T;
}
/// Unhandled load access trap
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct LoadError(pub Address);
impl_display!(for LoadError =>
|LoadError(a)| "Load access error at address {a}",
);
/// Unhandled store access trap
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct StoreError(pub Address);
impl_display!(for StoreError =>
|StoreError(a)| "Load access error at address {a}",
);
/// Reason to access memory
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum MemoryAccessReason {
/// Memory was accessed for load (read)
Load,
/// Memory was accessed for store (write)
Store,
}
impl_display!(for MemoryAccessReason => match {
Self::Load => const "Load";
Self::Store => const "Store";
});
impl From<LoadError> for crate::VmRunError {
fn from(value: LoadError) -> Self {
Self::LoadAccessEx(value.0)
}
}
impl From<StoreError> for crate::VmRunError {
fn from(value: StoreError) -> Self {
Self::StoreAccessEx(value.0)
}
}

111
hbvm/src/mem/softpaging/icache.rs
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@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
//! Program instruction cache
use crate::mem::Address;
use {
super::{lookup::AddrPageLookuper, paging::PageTable, PageSize},
core::{
mem::{size_of, MaybeUninit},
ptr::{copy_nonoverlapping, NonNull},
},
};
/// Instruction cache
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct ICache {
/// Current page address base
base: Address,
/// Curent page pointer
data: Option<NonNull<u8>>,
/// Current page size
size: PageSize,
/// Address mask
mask: u64,
}
impl Default for ICache {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
base: Address::NULL,
data: Default::default(),
size: PageSize::Size4K,
mask: Default::default(),
}
}
}
impl ICache {
/// Fetch instruction from cache
///
/// # Safety
/// `T` should be valid to read from instruction memory
pub(super) unsafe fn fetch<T>(
&mut self,
addr: Address,
root_pt: *const PageTable,
) -> Option<T> {
let mut ret = MaybeUninit::<T>::uninit();
let pbase = self
.data
.or_else(|| unsafe { self.fetch_page(self.base + self.size, root_pt) })?;
// Get address base
let base = addr.map(|x| x & self.mask);
// Base not matching, fetch anew
if base != self.base {
unsafe { self.fetch_page(base, root_pt) }?;
};
let offset = addr.get() & !self.mask;
let requ_size = size_of::<T>();
// Page overflow
let rem = (offset as usize)
.saturating_add(requ_size)
.saturating_sub(self.size as _);
let first_copy = requ_size.saturating_sub(rem);
// Copy non-overflowing part
unsafe { copy_nonoverlapping(pbase.as_ptr(), ret.as_mut_ptr().cast::<u8>(), first_copy) };
// Copy overflow
if rem != 0 {
let pbase = unsafe { self.fetch_page(self.base + self.size, root_pt) }?;
// Unlikely, unsupported scenario
if rem > self.size as _ {
return None;
}
unsafe {
copy_nonoverlapping(
pbase.as_ptr(),
ret.as_mut_ptr().cast::<u8>().add(first_copy),
rem,
)
};
}
Some(unsafe { ret.assume_init() })
}
/// Fetch a page
unsafe fn fetch_page(&mut self, addr: Address, pt: *const PageTable) -> Option<NonNull<u8>> {
let res = AddrPageLookuper::new(addr, 0, pt).next()?.ok()?;
if !super::perm_check::executable(res.perm) {
return None;
}
(self.size, self.mask) = match res.size {
4096 => (PageSize::Size4K, !((1 << 8) - 1)),
2097152 => (PageSize::Size2M, !((1 << (8 * 2)) - 1)),
1073741824 => (PageSize::Size1G, !((1 << (8 * 3)) - 1)),
_ => return None,
};
self.data = Some(NonNull::new(res.ptr)?);
self.base = addr.map(|x| x & self.mask);
self.data
}
}

126
hbvm/src/mem/softpaging/lookup.rs
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@ -1,126 +0,0 @@
//! Address lookup
use crate::mem::addr::Address;
use super::{
addr_extract_index,
paging::{PageTable, Permission},
PageSize,
};
/// Good result from address split
pub struct AddrPageLookupOk {
/// Virtual address
pub vaddr: Address,
/// Pointer to the start for perform operation
pub ptr: *mut u8,
/// Size to the end of page / end of desired size
pub size: usize,
/// Page permission
pub perm: Permission,
}
/// Errornous address split result
pub struct AddrPageLookupError {
/// Address of failure
pub addr: Address,
/// Requested page size
pub size: PageSize,
}
/// Address splitter into pages
pub struct AddrPageLookuper {
/// Current address
addr: Address,
/// Size left
size: usize,
/// Page table
pagetable: *const PageTable,
}
impl AddrPageLookuper {
/// Create a new page lookuper
#[inline]
pub const fn new(addr: Address, size: usize, pagetable: *const PageTable) -> Self {
Self {
addr,
size,
pagetable,
}
}
/// Bump address by size X
pub fn bump(&mut self, page_size: PageSize) {
self.addr += page_size;
self.size = self.size.saturating_sub(page_size as _);
}
}
impl Iterator for AddrPageLookuper {
type Item = Result<AddrPageLookupOk, AddrPageLookupError>;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
// The end, everything is fine
if self.size == 0 {
return None;
}
let (base, perm, size, offset) = 'a: {
let mut current_pt = self.pagetable;
// Walk the page table
for lvl in (0..5).rev() {
// Get an entry
unsafe {
let entry = (*current_pt)
.table
.get_unchecked(addr_extract_index(self.addr, lvl));
let ptr = entry.ptr();
match entry.permission() {
// No page → page fault
Permission::Empty => {
return Some(Err(AddrPageLookupError {
addr: self.addr,
size: PageSize::from_lvl(lvl)?,
}))
}
// Node → proceed waking
Permission::Node => current_pt = ptr as _,
// Leaf → return relevant data
perm => {
break 'a (
// Pointer in host memory
ptr as *mut u8,
perm,
PageSize::from_lvl(lvl)?,
// In-page offset
addr_extract_index(self.addr, lvl),
);
}
}
}
}
return None; // Reached the end (should not happen)
};
// Get available byte count in the selected page with offset
let avail = (size as usize).saturating_sub(offset).clamp(0, self.size);
self.bump(size);
Some(Ok(AddrPageLookupOk {
vaddr: self.addr,
ptr: unsafe { base.add(offset) }, // Return pointer to the start of region
size: avail,
perm,
}))
}
}

172
hbvm/src/mem/softpaging/mapping.rs
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@ -1,172 +0,0 @@
//! Automatic memory mapping
use crate::{mem::addr::Address, utils::impl_display};
use {
super::{
addr_extract_index,
paging::{PageTable, Permission, PtEntry, PtPointedData},
PageSize, SoftPagedMem,
},
alloc::boxed::Box,
};
impl<'p, A, const OUT_PROG_EXEC: bool> SoftPagedMem<'p, A, OUT_PROG_EXEC> {
/// Maps host's memory into VM's memory
///
/// # Safety
/// - Your faith in the gods of UB
/// - Addr-san claims it's fine but who knows is she isn't lying :ferrisSus:
/// - Alright, Miri-sama is also fine with this, who knows why
pub unsafe fn map(
&mut self,
host: *mut u8,
target: Address,
perm: Permission,
pagesize: PageSize,
) -> Result<(), MapError> {
let mut current_pt = self.root_pt;
// Decide on what level depth are we going
let lookup_depth = match pagesize {
PageSize::Size4K => 0,
PageSize::Size2M => 1,
PageSize::Size1G => 2,
};
// Walk pagetable levels
for lvl in (lookup_depth + 1..5).rev() {
let entry = unsafe {
(*current_pt)
.table
.get_unchecked_mut(addr_extract_index(target, lvl))
};
let ptr = entry.ptr();
match entry.permission() {
// Still not on target and already seeing empty entry?
// No worries! Let's create one (allocates).
Permission::Empty => {
// Increase children count
unsafe { *current_pt }.childen += 1;
let table = Box::into_raw(Box::new(PtPointedData {
pt: PageTable::default(),
}));
unsafe { core::ptr::write(entry, PtEntry::new(table, Permission::Node)) };
current_pt = table as _;
}
// Continue walking
Permission::Node => current_pt = ptr as _,
// There is some entry on place of node
_ => return Err(MapError::PageOnNode),
}
}
let node = unsafe {
(*current_pt)
.table
.get_unchecked_mut(addr_extract_index(target, lookup_depth))
};
// Check if node is not mapped
if node.permission() != Permission::Empty {
return Err(MapError::AlreadyMapped);
}
// Write entry
unsafe {
(*current_pt).childen += 1;
core::ptr::write(node, PtEntry::new(host.cast(), perm));
}
Ok(())
}
/// Unmaps pages from VM's memory
///
/// If errors, it only means there is no entry to unmap and in most cases
/// just should be ignored.
pub fn unmap(&mut self, addr: Address) -> Result<(), NothingToUnmap> {
let mut current_pt = self.root_pt;
let mut page_tables = [core::ptr::null_mut(); 5];
// Walk page table in reverse
for lvl in (0..5).rev() {
let entry = unsafe {
(*current_pt)
.table
.get_unchecked_mut(addr_extract_index(addr, lvl))
};
let ptr = entry.ptr();
match entry.permission() {
// Nothing is there, throw an error, not critical!
Permission::Empty => return Err(NothingToUnmap),
// Node – Save to visited pagetables and continue walking
Permission::Node => {
page_tables[lvl as usize] = entry;
current_pt = ptr as _
}
// Page entry – zero it out!
// Zero page entry is completely valid entry with
// empty permission - no UB here!
_ => unsafe {
core::ptr::write_bytes(entry, 0, 1);
break;
},
}
}
// Now walk in order visited page tables
for entry in page_tables.into_iter() {
// Level not visited, skip.
if entry.is_null() {
continue;
}
unsafe {
let children = &mut (*(*entry).ptr()).pt.childen;
*children -= 1; // Decrease children count
// If there are no children, deallocate.
if *children == 0 {
let _ = Box::from_raw((*entry).ptr() as *mut PageTable);
// Zero visited entry
core::ptr::write_bytes(entry, 0, 1);
} else {
break;
}
}
}
Ok(())
}
}
/// Error mapping
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum MapError {
/// Entry was already mapped
AlreadyMapped,
/// When walking a page entry was
/// encounterd.
PageOnNode,
}
impl_display!(for MapError => match {
Self::AlreadyMapped => "There is already a page mapped on specified address";
Self::PageOnNode => "There was a page mapped on the way instead of node";
});
/// There was no entry in page table to unmap
///
/// No worry, don't panic, nothing bad has happened,
/// but if you are 120% sure there should be something,
/// double-check your addresses.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
pub struct NothingToUnmap;
impl_display!(for NothingToUnmap => "There is no entry to unmap");

282
hbvm/src/mem/softpaging/mod.rs
View file

@ -1,282 +0,0 @@
//! Platform independent, software paged memory implementation
pub mod icache;
pub mod lookup;
pub mod paging;
#[cfg(feature = "alloc")]
pub mod mapping;
use {
super::{addr::Address, LoadError, Memory, MemoryAccessReason, StoreError},
core::mem::size_of,
icache::ICache,
lookup::{AddrPageLookupError, AddrPageLookupOk, AddrPageLookuper},
paging::{PageTable, Permission},
};
/// HoleyBytes software paged memory
///
/// - `OUT_PROG_EXEC`: set to `false` to disable executing program
/// not contained in initially provided program, even the pages
/// are executable
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct SoftPagedMem<'p, PfH, const OUT_PROG_EXEC: bool = true> {
/// Root page table
pub root_pt: *mut PageTable,
/// Page fault handler
pub pf_handler: PfH,
/// Program memory segment
pub program: &'p [u8],
/// Program instruction cache
pub icache: ICache,
}
impl<'p, PfH: HandlePageFault, const OUT_PROG_EXEC: bool> Memory
for SoftPagedMem<'p, PfH, OUT_PROG_EXEC>
{
/// Load value from an address
///
/// # Safety
/// Applies same conditions as for [`core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping`]
unsafe fn load(
&mut self,
addr: Address,
target: *mut u8,
count: usize,
) -> Result<(), LoadError> {
self.memory_access(
MemoryAccessReason::Load,
addr,
target,
count,
perm_check::readable,
|src, dst, count| unsafe { core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, dst, count) },
)
.map_err(LoadError)
}
/// Store value to an address
///
/// # Safety
/// Applies same conditions as for [`core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping`]
unsafe fn store(
&mut self,
addr: Address,
source: *const u8,
count: usize,
) -> Result<(), StoreError> {
self.memory_access(
MemoryAccessReason::Store,
addr,
source.cast_mut(),
count,
perm_check::writable,
|dst, src, count| unsafe { core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, dst, count) },
)
.map_err(StoreError)
}
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn prog_read<T>(&mut self, addr: Address) -> T {
if OUT_PROG_EXEC && addr.truncate_usize() > self.program.len() {
return unsafe { self.icache.fetch::<T>(addr, self.root_pt) }
.unwrap_or_else(|| unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() });
}
let addr = addr.truncate_usize();
self.program
.get(addr..addr + size_of::<T>())
.map(|x| unsafe { x.as_ptr().cast::<T>().read() })
.unwrap_or_else(|| unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() })
}
}
impl<'p, PfH: HandlePageFault, const OUT_PROG_EXEC: bool> SoftPagedMem<'p, PfH, OUT_PROG_EXEC> {
// Everyone behold, the holy function, the god of HBVM memory accesses!
/// Split address to pages, check their permissions and feed pointers with offset
/// to a specified function.
///
/// If page is not found, execute page fault trap handler.
#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)] // Silence peasant
fn memory_access(
&mut self,
reason: MemoryAccessReason,
src: Address,
mut dst: *mut u8,
len: usize,
permission_check: fn(Permission) -> bool,
action: fn(*mut u8, *mut u8, usize),
) -> Result<(), Address> {
// Memory load from program section
let (src, len) = if src.truncate_usize() < self.program.len() as _ {
// Allow only loads
if reason != MemoryAccessReason::Load {
return Err(src);
}
// Determine how much data to copy from here
let to_copy = len.clamp(0, self.program.len().saturating_sub(src.truncate_usize()));
// Perform action
action(
unsafe { self.program.as_ptr().add(src.truncate_usize()).cast_mut() },
dst,
to_copy,
);
// Return shifted from what we've already copied
(
src.saturating_add(to_copy as u64),
len.saturating_sub(to_copy),
)
} else {
(src, len) // Nothing weird!
};
// Nothing to copy? Don't bother doing anything, bail.
if len == 0 {
return Ok(());
}
// Create new splitter
let mut pspl = AddrPageLookuper::new(src, len, self.root_pt);
loop {
match pspl.next() {
// Page is found
Some(Ok(AddrPageLookupOk {
vaddr,
ptr,
size,
perm,
})) => {
if !permission_check(perm) {
return Err(vaddr);
}
// Perform specified memory action and bump destination pointer
action(ptr, dst, size);
dst = unsafe { dst.add(size) };
}
// No page found
Some(Err(AddrPageLookupError { addr, size })) => {
// Attempt to execute page fault handler
if self.pf_handler.page_fault(
reason,
unsafe { &mut *self.root_pt },
addr,
size,
dst,
) {
// Shift the splitter address
pspl.bump(size);
// Bump dst pointer
dst = unsafe { dst.add(size as _) };
} else {
return Err(addr); // Unhandleable, VM will yield.
}
}
// No remaining pages, we are done!
None => return Ok(()),
}
}
}
}
/// Extract index in page table on specified level
///
/// The level shall not be larger than 4, otherwise
/// the output of the function is unspecified (yes, it can also panic :)
pub fn addr_extract_index(addr: Address, lvl: u8) -> usize {
debug_assert!(lvl <= 4);
let addr = addr.get();
usize::try_from((addr >> (lvl * 8 + 12)) & ((1 << 8) - 1)).expect("?conradluget a better CPU")
}
/// Page size
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum PageSize {
/// 4 KiB page (on level 0)
Size4K = 4096,
/// 2 MiB page (on level 1)
Size2M = 1024 * 1024 * 2,
/// 1 GiB page (on level 2)
Size1G = 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
}
impl PageSize {
/// Convert page table level to size of page
const fn from_lvl(lvl: u8) -> Option<Self> {
match lvl {
0 => Some(PageSize::Size4K),
1 => Some(PageSize::Size2M),
2 => Some(PageSize::Size1G),
_ => None,
}
}
}
impl core::ops::Add<PageSize> for Address {
type Output = Self;
#[inline(always)]
fn add(self, rhs: PageSize) -> Self::Output {
self + (rhs as u64)
}
}
impl core::ops::AddAssign<PageSize> for Address {
#[inline(always)]
fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: PageSize) {
*self = Self::new(self.get().wrapping_add(rhs as u64));
}
}
/// Permisison checks
pub mod perm_check {
use super::paging::Permission;
/// Page is readable
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn readable(perm: Permission) -> bool {
matches!(
perm,
Permission::Readonly | Permission::Write | Permission::Exec
)
}
/// Page is writable
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn writable(perm: Permission) -> bool {
matches!(perm, Permission::Write)
}
/// Page is executable
#[inline(always)]
pub const fn executable(perm: Permission) -> bool {
matches!(perm, Permission::Exec)
}
}
/// Handle VM traps
pub trait HandlePageFault {
/// Handle page fault
///
/// Return true if handling was sucessful,
/// otherwise the program will be interrupted and will
/// yield an error.
fn page_fault(
&mut self,
reason: MemoryAccessReason,
pagetable: &mut PageTable,
vaddr: Address,
size: PageSize,
dataptr: *mut u8,
) -> bool
where
Self: Sized;
}

53
hbvm/src/utils.rs
View file

@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
macro_rules! impl_display {
(for $ty:ty => $(|$selfty:pat_param|)? $fmt:literal $(, $($param:expr),+)? $(,)?) => {
impl ::core::fmt::Display for $ty {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
$(let $selfty = self;)?
write!(f, $fmt, $($param),*)
}
}
};
(for $ty:ty => $str:literal) => {
impl ::core::fmt::Display for $ty {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
f.write_str($str)
}
}
};
(for $ty:ty => match {$(
$bind:pat => $($const:ident)? $fmt:literal $(,$($params:tt)*)?;
)*}) => {
impl ::core::fmt::Display for $ty {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut ::core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> ::core::fmt::Result {
match self {
$(
$bind => $crate::utils::internal::impl_display_match_fragment!($($const,)? f, $fmt $(, $($params)*)?)
),*
}
}
}
}
}
#[doc(hidden)]
pub(crate) mod internal {
macro_rules! impl_display_match_fragment {
(const, $f:expr, $lit:literal) => {
$f.write_str($lit)
};
($f:expr, $fmt:literal $(, $($params:tt)*)?) => {
write!($f, $fmt, $($($params)*)?)
};
}
pub(crate) use impl_display_match_fragment;
}
macro_rules! static_assert(($expr:expr $(,)?) => {
const _: [(); !$expr as usize] = [];
});
pub(crate) use {impl_display, static_assert};

62
hbvm/src/validate.rs Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
/// Program validation error kind
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum ErrorKind {
/// Unknown opcode
InvalidInstruction,
/// VM doesn't implement this valid opcode
Unimplemented,
/// Attempted to copy over register boundary
RegisterArrayOverflow,
}
/// Error
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct Error {
/// Kind
pub kind: ErrorKind,
/// Location in bytecode
pub index: usize,
}
/// Perform bytecode validation. If it passes, the program should be
/// sound to execute.
pub fn validate(mut program: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error> {
use hbbytecode::opcode::*;
let start = program;
loop {
// Match on instruction types and perform necessary checks
program = match program {
[] => return Ok(()),
[LD..=ST, reg, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, count, ..]
if usize::from(*reg) * 8 + usize::from(*count) > 2048 =>
{
return Err(Error {
kind: ErrorKind::RegisterArrayOverflow,
index: (program.as_ptr() as usize) - (start.as_ptr() as usize),
})
}
[BRC, src, dst, count, ..]
if src.checked_add(*count).is_none() || dst.checked_add(*count).is_none() =>
{
return Err(Error {
kind: ErrorKind::RegisterArrayOverflow,
index: (program.as_ptr() as usize) - (start.as_ptr() as usize),
})
}
[NOP | ECALL, rest @ ..]
| [DIR | DIRF, _, _, _, _, rest @ ..]
| [ADD..=CMPU | BRC | ADDF..=MULF, _, _, _, rest @ ..]
| [NEG..=NOT | CP..=SWA, _, _, rest @ ..]
| [LI | JMP, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, rest @ ..]
| [ADDI..=CMPUI | BMC | JEQ..=JGTU | ADDFI..=MULFI, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, rest @ ..]
| [LD..=ST, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, _, rest @ ..] => rest,
_ => {
return Err(Error {
kind: ErrorKind::InvalidInstruction,
index: (program.as_ptr() as usize) - (start.as_ptr() as usize),
})
}
}
}
}

88
hbvm/src/value.rs
View file

@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
//! HoleyBytes register value definition
use crate::utils::static_assert;
/// Define [`Value`] »union« (it's fake)
///
/// # Safety
/// Its variants have to be sound to byte-reinterpretate
/// between each other. Otherwise the behaviour is undefined.
macro_rules! value_def {
($($ty:ident),* $(,)?) => {
/// HBVM register value
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct Value(pub u64);
$(
impl From<$ty> for Value {
#[inline]
fn from(value: $ty) -> Self {
let mut new = core::mem::MaybeUninit::<u64>::zeroed();
unsafe {
new.as_mut_ptr().cast::<$ty>().write(value);
Self(new.assume_init())
}
}
}
static_assert!(core::mem::size_of::<$ty>() <= core::mem::size_of::<Value>());
impl private::Sealed for $ty {}
unsafe impl ValueVariant for $ty {}
)*
};
}
impl Value {
/// Byte reinterpret value to target variant
#[inline]
pub fn cast<V: ValueVariant>(self) -> V {
unsafe { core::mem::transmute_copy(&self.0) }
}
}
/// # Safety
/// - N/A, not to be implemented manually
pub unsafe trait ValueVariant: private::Sealed + Copy + Into<Value> {}
impl private::Sealed for Value {}
unsafe impl ValueVariant for Value {}
mod private {
pub trait Sealed {}
}
value_def!(u8, u16, u32, u64, i8, i16, i32, i64, f32, f64);
static_assert!(core::mem::size_of::<Value>() == 8);
impl core::fmt::Debug for Value {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
// Print formatted as hexadecimal, unsigned integer
write!(f, "{:x}", self.cast::<u64>())
}
}
pub(crate) trait CheckedDivRem {
fn checked_div(self, other: Self) -> Option<Self>
where
Self: Sized;
fn checked_rem(self, other: Self) -> Option<Self>
where
Self: Sized;
}
macro_rules! impl_checked_div_rem {
($($ty:ty),* $(,)?) => {
$(impl CheckedDivRem for $ty {
#[inline(always)]
fn checked_div(self, another: Self) -> Option<Self>
{ self.checked_div(another) }
#[inline(always)]
fn checked_rem(self, another: Self) -> Option<Self>
{ self.checked_rem(another) }
})*
};
}
impl_checked_div_rem!(u8, u16, u32, u64, i8, i16, i32, i64);

406
hbvm/src/vm/mem/mod.rs Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
mod paging;
use core::mem::MaybeUninit;
use self::paging::{PageTable, Permission, PtEntry};
use super::{trap::HandleTrap, VmRunError};
use alloc::boxed::Box;
use derive_more::Display;
/// HoleyBytes virtual memory
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct Memory {
/// Root page table
root_pt: *mut PageTable,
}
impl Default for Memory {
fn default() -> Self {
Self {
root_pt: Box::into_raw(Box::default()),
}
}
}
impl Drop for Memory {
fn drop(&mut self) {
let _ = unsafe { Box::from_raw(self.root_pt) };
}
}
impl Memory {
// HACK: Just for allocation testing, will be removed when proper memory interfaces
// implemented.
pub fn insert_test_page(&mut self) {
unsafe {
let mut entry = PtEntry::new(
{
let layout = alloc::alloc::Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(4096, 4096);
let ptr = alloc::alloc::alloc_zeroed(layout);
if ptr.is_null() {
alloc::alloc::handle_alloc_error(layout);
}
core::ptr::write_bytes(ptr, 69, 10);
ptr.cast()
},
Permission::Write,
);
for _ in 0..4 {
let mut pt = Box::<PageTable>::default();
pt[0] = entry;
entry = PtEntry::new(Box::into_raw(pt) as _, Permission::Node);
}
(*self.root_pt)[0] = entry;
}
}
/// Load value from an address
///
/// # Safety
/// Applies same conditions as for [`core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping`]
pub unsafe fn load(
&mut self,
addr: u64,
target: *mut u8,
count: usize,
traph: &mut impl HandleTrap,
) -> Result<(), LoadError> {
self.memory_access(
MemoryAccessReason::Load,
addr,
target,
count,
|perm| {
matches!(
perm,
Permission::Readonly | Permission::Write | Permission::Exec
)
},
|src, dst, count| core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, dst, count),
traph,
)
.map_err(|_| LoadError)
}
/// Store value to an address
///
/// # Safety
/// Applies same conditions as for [`core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping`]
pub unsafe fn store(
&mut self,
addr: u64,
source: *const u8,
count: usize,
traph: &mut impl HandleTrap,
) -> Result<(), StoreError> {
self.memory_access(
MemoryAccessReason::Store,
addr,
source.cast_mut(),
count,
|perm| perm == Permission::Write,
|dst, src, count| core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src, dst, count),
traph,
)
.map_err(|_| StoreError)
}
/// Copy a block of memory
///
/// # Safety
/// - Same as for [`Self::load`] and [`Self::store`]
/// - Your faith in the gods of UB
/// - Addr-san claims it's fine but who knows is she isn't lying :ferrisSus:
pub unsafe fn block_copy(
&mut self,
src: u64,
dst: u64,
count: usize,
traph: &mut impl HandleTrap,
) -> Result<(), MemoryAccessReason> {
// Yea, i know it is possible to do this more efficiently, but I am too lazy.
const STACK_BUFFER_SIZE: usize = 512;
// Decide if to use stack-allocated buffer or to heap allocate
// Deallocation is again decided on size at the end of the function
let mut buf = MaybeUninit::<[u8; STACK_BUFFER_SIZE]>::uninit();
let buf = if count <= STACK_BUFFER_SIZE {
buf.as_mut_ptr().cast()
} else {
unsafe {
let layout = core::alloc::Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(count, 1);
let ptr = alloc::alloc::alloc(layout);
if ptr.is_null() {
alloc::alloc::handle_alloc_error(layout);
}
ptr
}
};
// Perform memory block transfer
let status = (|| {
// Load to buffer
self.memory_access(
MemoryAccessReason::Load,
src,
buf,
count,
|perm| {
matches!(
perm,
Permission::Readonly | Permission::Write | Permission::Exec
)
},
|src, dst, count| core::ptr::copy(src, dst, count),
traph,
)
.map_err(|_| MemoryAccessReason::Load)?;
// Store from buffer
self.memory_access(
MemoryAccessReason::Store,
dst,
buf,
count,
|perm| perm == Permission::Write,
|dst, src, count| core::ptr::copy(src, dst, count),
traph,
)
.map_err(|_| MemoryAccessReason::Store)?;
Ok::<_, MemoryAccessReason>(())
})();
// Deallocate if used heap-allocated array
if count > STACK_BUFFER_SIZE {
alloc::alloc::dealloc(
buf,
core::alloc::Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(count, 1),
);
}
status
}
/// Split address to pages, check their permissions and feed pointers with offset
/// to a specified function.
///
/// If page is not found, execute page fault trap handler.
#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)] // Silence peasant
fn memory_access(
&mut self,
reason: MemoryAccessReason,
src: u64,
mut dst: *mut u8,
len: usize,
permission_check: fn(Permission) -> bool,
action: fn(*mut u8, *mut u8, usize),
traph: &mut impl HandleTrap,
) -> Result<(), ()> {
let mut pspl = AddrSplitter::new(src, len, self.root_pt);
loop {
match pspl.next() {
// Page found
Some(Ok(AddrSplitOk { ptr, size, perm })) => {
if !permission_check(perm) {
return Err(());
}
// Perform memory action and bump dst pointer
action(ptr, dst, size);
dst = unsafe { dst.add(size) };
}
Some(Err(AddrSplitError { addr, size })) => {
// Execute page fault handler
if traph.page_fault(reason, self, addr, size, dst) {
// Shift the splitter address
pspl.bump(size);
// Bump dst pointer
dst = unsafe { dst.add(size as _) };
} else {
return Err(()); // Unhandleable
}
}
None => return Ok(()),
}
}
}
}
/// Result from address split
struct AddrSplitOk {
/// Pointer to the start for perform operation
ptr: *mut u8,
/// Size to the end of page / end of desired size
size: usize,
/// Page permission
perm: Permission,
}
struct AddrSplitError {
/// Address of failure
addr: u64,
/// Requested page size
size: PageSize,
}
/// Address splitter into pages
struct AddrSplitter {
/// Current address
addr: u64,
/// Size left
size: usize,
/// Page table
pagetable: *const PageTable,
}
impl AddrSplitter {
/// Create a new page splitter
pub const fn new(addr: u64, size: usize, pagetable: *const PageTable) -> Self {
Self {
addr,
size,
pagetable,
}
}
/// Bump address by size X
fn bump(&mut self, page_size: PageSize) {
self.addr += page_size as u64;
self.size = self.size.saturating_sub(page_size as _);
}
}
impl Iterator for AddrSplitter {
type Item = Result<AddrSplitOk, AddrSplitError>;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
// The end, everything is fine
if self.size == 0 {
return None;
}
let (base, perm, size, offset) = 'a: {
let mut current_pt = self.pagetable;
// Walk the page table
for lvl in (0..5).rev() {
// Get an entry
unsafe {
let entry = (*current_pt).get_unchecked(
usize::try_from((self.addr >> (lvl * 9 + 12)) & ((1 << 9) - 1))
.expect("?conradluget a better CPU"),
);
let ptr = entry.ptr();
match entry.permission() {
// No page → page fault
Permission::Empty => {
return Some(Err(AddrSplitError {
addr: self.addr,
size: PageSize::from_lvl(lvl)?,
}))
}
// Node → proceed waking
Permission::Node => current_pt = ptr as _,
// Leaft → return relevant data
perm => {
break 'a (
// Pointer in host memory
ptr as *mut u8,
perm,
PageSize::from_lvl(lvl)?,
// In-page offset
self.addr as usize & ((1 << (lvl * 9 + 12)) - 1),
);
}
}
}
}
return None; // Reached the end (should not happen)
};
// Get available byte count in the selected page with offset
let avail = (size as usize - offset).clamp(0, self.size);
self.bump(size);
Some(Ok(AddrSplitOk {
ptr: unsafe { base.add(offset) }, // Return pointer to the start of region
size: avail,
perm,
}))
}
}
/// Page size
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum PageSize {
/// 4 KiB page (on level 0)
Size4K = 4096,
/// 2 MiB page (on level 1)
Size2M = 1024 * 1024 * 2,
/// 1 GiB page (on level 2)
Size1G = 1024 * 1024 * 1024,
}
impl PageSize {
/// Convert page table level to size of page
fn from_lvl(lvl: u8) -> Option<Self> {
match lvl {
0 => Some(PageSize::Size4K),
1 => Some(PageSize::Size2M),
2 => Some(PageSize::Size1G),
_ => None,
}
}
}
/// Unhandled load access trap
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Display, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct LoadError;
/// Unhandled store access trap
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Display, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct StoreError;
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Display, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum MemoryAccessReason {
Load,
Store,
}
impl From<MemoryAccessReason> for VmRunError {
fn from(value: MemoryAccessReason) -> Self {
match value {
MemoryAccessReason::Load => Self::LoadAccessEx,
MemoryAccessReason::Store => Self::StoreAccessEx,
}
}
}
impl From<LoadError> for VmRunError {
fn from(_: LoadError) -> Self {
Self::LoadAccessEx
}
}
impl From<StoreError> for VmRunError {
fn from(_: StoreError) -> Self {
Self::StoreAccessEx
}
}

65
hbvm/src/mem/softpaging/paging.rs → hbvm/src/vm/mem/paging.rs
View file

@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
//! Page table and associated structures implementation use core::{
fmt::Debug,
use core::{fmt::Debug, mem::MaybeUninit}; mem::MaybeUninit,
ops::{Index, IndexMut},
slice::SliceIndex,
};
use delegate::delegate;
/// Page entry permission /// Page entry permission
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)] #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
@ -24,10 +28,6 @@ pub enum Permission {
pub struct PtEntry(u64); pub struct PtEntry(u64);
impl PtEntry { impl PtEntry {
/// Create new /// Create new
///
/// # Safety
/// - `ptr` has to point to valid data and shall not be deallocated
/// troughout the entry lifetime
#[inline] #[inline]
pub unsafe fn new(ptr: *mut PtPointedData, permission: Permission) -> Self { pub unsafe fn new(ptr: *mut PtPointedData, permission: Permission) -> Self {
Self(ptr as u64 | permission as u64) Self(ptr as u64 | permission as u64)
@ -55,23 +55,54 @@ impl Debug for PtEntry {
} }
} }
/// Page table /// Page table
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)] #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[repr(align(4096))] #[repr(align(4096))]
pub struct PageTable { pub struct PageTable([PtEntry; 512]);
/// How much entries are in use
pub childen: u8, impl PageTable {
/// Entries delegate!(to self.0 {
pub table: [PtEntry; 256], pub unsafe fn get<I>(&self, ix: I) -> Option<&I::Output>
where I: SliceIndex<[PtEntry]>;
pub unsafe fn get_mut<I>(&mut self, ix: I) -> Option<&mut I::Output>
where I: SliceIndex<[PtEntry]>;
pub unsafe fn get_unchecked<I>(&self, index: I) -> &I::Output
where I: SliceIndex<[PtEntry]>;
pub unsafe fn get_unchecked_mut<I>(&mut self, index: I) -> &mut I::Output
where I: SliceIndex<[PtEntry]>;
});
}
impl<Idx> Index<Idx> for PageTable
where
Idx: SliceIndex<[PtEntry]>,
{
type Output = Idx::Output;
#[inline(always)]
fn index(&self, index: Idx) -> &Self::Output {
&self.0[index]
}
}
impl<Idx> IndexMut<Idx> for PageTable
where
Idx: SliceIndex<[PtEntry]>,
{
#[inline(always)]
fn index_mut(&mut self, index: Idx) -> &mut Self::Output {
&mut self.0[index]
}
} }
impl Default for PageTable { impl Default for PageTable {
fn default() -> Self { fn default() -> Self {
// SAFETY: It's fine, zeroed page table entry is valid (= empty) // SAFETY: It's fine, zeroed page table entry is valid (= empty)
Self { Self(unsafe { MaybeUninit::zeroed().assume_init() })
childen: 0,
table: unsafe { MaybeUninit::zeroed().assume_init() },
}
} }
} }
@ -80,7 +111,7 @@ impl Default for PageTable {
#[repr(C, align(4096))] #[repr(C, align(4096))]
pub union PtPointedData { pub union PtPointedData {
/// Node - next page table /// Node - next page table
pub pt: PageTable, pub pt: PageTable,
/// Leaf /// Leaf
pub page: u8, pub page: u8,
} }

336
hbvm/src/vm/mod.rs Normal file
View file

@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
//! HoleyBytes Virtual Machine
//!
//! All unsafe code here should be sound, if input bytecode passes validation.
// # General safety notice:
// - Validation has to assure there is 256 registers (r0 - r255)
// - Instructions have to be valid as specified (values and sizes)
// - Mapped pages should be at least 4 KiB
// - Yes, I am aware of the UB when jumping in-mid of instruction where
// the read byte corresponds to an instruction whose lenght exceets the
// program size. If you are (rightfully) worried about the UB, for now just
// append your program with 11 zeroes.
use self::trap::HandleTrap;
pub mod mem;
pub mod trap;
pub mod value;
use {
crate::validate,
core::ops,
hbbytecode::{OpParam, ParamBB, ParamBBB, ParamBBBB, ParamBBD, ParamBBDH, ParamBD},
mem::Memory,
static_assertions::assert_impl_one,
value::Value,
};
/// Extract a parameter from program
macro_rules! param {
($self:expr, $ty:ty) => {{
assert_impl_one!($ty: OpParam);
let data = $self
.program
.as_ptr()
.add($self.pc + 1)
.cast::<$ty>()
.read();
$self.pc += 1 + core::mem::size_of::<$ty>();
data
}};
}
/// Perform binary operation `#0 ← #1 OP #2`
macro_rules! binary_op {
($self:expr, $ty:ident, $handler:expr) => {{
let ParamBBB(tg, a0, a1) = param!($self, ParamBBB);
$self.write_reg(
tg,
$handler(
Value::$ty(&$self.read_reg(a0)),
Value::$ty(&$self.read_reg(a1)),
)
.into(),
);
}};
}
/// Perform binary operation with immediate `#0 ← #1 OP imm #2`
macro_rules! binary_op_imm {
($self:expr, $ty:ident, $handler:expr) => {{
let ParamBBD(tg, a0, imm) = param!($self, ParamBBD);
$self.write_reg(
tg,
$handler(Value::$ty(&$self.read_reg(a0)), Value::$ty(&imm.into())).into(),
);
}};
}
/// Jump at `#3` if ordering on `#0 <=> #1` is equal to expected
macro_rules! cond_jump {
($self:expr, $ty:ident, $expected:ident) => {{
let ParamBBD(a0, a1, jt) = param!($self, ParamBBD);
if core::cmp::Ord::cmp(&$self.read_reg(a0).as_u64(), &$self.read_reg(a1).as_u64())
== core::cmp::Ordering::$expected
{
$self.pc = jt as usize;
}
}};
}
/// HoleyBytes Virtual Machine
pub struct Vm<'a, T> {
/// Holds 256 registers
///
/// Writing to register 0 is considered undefined behaviour
/// in terms of HoleyBytes program execution
pub registers: [Value; 256],
/// Memory implementation
pub memory: Memory,
/// Trap handler
pub traph: T,
// Program counter
pc: usize,
/// Program
program: &'a [u8],
}
impl<'a, T: HandleTrap> Vm<'a, T> {
/// Create a new VM with program and trap handler
///
/// # Safety
/// Program code has to be validated
pub unsafe fn new_unchecked(program: &'a [u8], traph: T) -> Self {
Self {
registers: [Value::from(0_u64); 256],
memory: Default::default(),
traph,
pc: 0,
program,
}
}
/// Create a new VM with program and trap handler only if it passes validation
pub fn new_validated(program: &'a [u8], traph: T) -> Result<Self, validate::Error> {
validate::validate(program)?;
Ok(unsafe { Self::new_unchecked(program, traph) })
}
/// Execute program
///
/// Program can return [`VmRunError`] if a trap handling failed
pub fn run(&mut self) -> Result<(), VmRunError> {
use hbbytecode::opcode::*;
loop {
// Fetch instruction
let Some(&opcode) = self.program.get(self.pc)
else { return Ok(()) };
// Big match
unsafe {
match opcode {
NOP => param!(self, ()),
ADD => binary_op!(self, as_u64, u64::wrapping_add),
SUB => binary_op!(self, as_u64, u64::wrapping_sub),
MUL => binary_op!(self, as_u64, u64::wrapping_mul),
AND => binary_op!(self, as_u64, ops::BitAnd::bitand),
OR => binary_op!(self, as_u64, ops::BitOr::bitor),
XOR => binary_op!(self, as_u64, ops::BitXor::bitxor),
SL => binary_op!(self, as_u64, ops::Shl::shl),
SR => binary_op!(self, as_u64, ops::Shr::shr),
SRS => binary_op!(self, as_i64, ops::Shr::shr),
CMP => {
let ParamBBB(tg, a0, a1) = param!(self, ParamBBB);
self.write_reg(
tg,
(self.read_reg(a0).as_i64().cmp(&self.read_reg(a1).as_i64()) as i64)
.into(),
);
}
CMPU => {
let ParamBBB(tg, a0, a1) = param!(self, ParamBBB);
self.write_reg(
tg,
(self.read_reg(a0).as_u64().cmp(&self.read_reg(a1).as_u64()) as i64)
.into(),
);
}
NOT => {
let param = param!(self, ParamBB);
self.write_reg(param.0, (!self.read_reg(param.1).as_u64()).into());
}
NEG => {
let param = param!(self, ParamBB);
self.write_reg(
param.0,
match self.read_reg(param.1).as_u64() {
0 => 1_u64,
_ => 0,
}
.into(),
);
}
DIR => {
let ParamBBBB(dt, rt, a0, a1) = param!(self, ParamBBBB);
let a0 = self.read_reg(a0).as_u64();
let a1 = self.read_reg(a1).as_u64();
self.write_reg(dt, (a0.checked_div(a1).unwrap_or(u64::MAX)).into());
self.write_reg(rt, (a0.checked_rem(a1).unwrap_or(u64::MAX)).into());
}
ADDI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::Add::add),
MULI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::Mul::mul),
ANDI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::BitAnd::bitand),
ORI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::BitOr::bitor),
XORI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::BitXor::bitxor),
SLI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::Shl::shl),
SRI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_u64, ops::Shr::shr),
SRSI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_i64, ops::Shr::shr),
CMPI => {
let ParamBBD(tg, a0, imm) = param!(self, ParamBBD);
self.write_reg(
tg,
(self.read_reg(a0).as_i64().cmp(&Value::from(imm).as_i64()) as i64)
.into(),
);
}
CMPUI => {
let ParamBBD(tg, a0, imm) = param!(self, ParamBBD);
self.write_reg(tg, (self.read_reg(a0).as_u64().cmp(&imm) as i64).into());
}
CP => {
let param = param!(self, ParamBB);
self.write_reg(param.0, self.read_reg(param.1));
}
SWA => {
let ParamBB(src, dst) = param!(self, ParamBB);
if src + dst != 0 {
core::ptr::swap(
self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(usize::from(src)),
self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(usize::from(dst)),
);
}
}
LI => {
let param = param!(self, ParamBD);
self.write_reg(param.0, param.1.into());
}
LD => {
let ParamBBDH(dst, base, off, count) = param!(self, ParamBBDH);
let n: usize = match dst {
0 => 1,
_ => 0,
};
self.memory.load(
self.read_reg(base).as_u64() + off + n as u64,
self.registers.as_mut_ptr().add(usize::from(dst) + n).cast(),
usize::from(count).saturating_sub(n),
&mut self.traph,
)?;
}
ST => {
let ParamBBDH(dst, base, off, count) = param!(self, ParamBBDH);
self.memory.store(
self.read_reg(base).as_u64() + off,
self.registers.as_ptr().add(usize::from(dst)).cast(),
count.into(),
&mut self.traph,
)?;
}
BMC => {
let ParamBBD(src, dst, count) = param!(self, ParamBBD);
self.memory.block_copy(
self.read_reg(src).as_u64(),
self.read_reg(dst).as_u64(),
count as _,
&mut self.traph,
)?;
}
BRC => {
let ParamBBB(src, dst, count) = param!(self, ParamBBB);
core::ptr::copy(
self.registers.get_unchecked(usize::from(src)),
self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(usize::from(dst)),
usize::from(count * 8),
);
}
JMP => {
let ParamBD(reg, offset) = param!(self, ParamBD);
self.pc = (self.read_reg(reg).as_u64() + offset) as usize;
}
JEQ => cond_jump!(self, int, Equal),
JNE => {
let ParamBBD(a0, a1, jt) = param!(self, ParamBBD);
if self.read_reg(a0).as_u64() != self.read_reg(a1).as_u64() {
self.pc = jt as usize;
}
}
JLT => cond_jump!(self, int, Less),
JGT => cond_jump!(self, int, Greater),
JLTU => cond_jump!(self, sint, Less),
JGTU => cond_jump!(self, sint, Greater),
ECALL => {
param!(self, ());
self.traph
.ecall(&mut self.registers, &mut self.pc, &mut self.memory);
}
ADDF => binary_op!(self, as_f64, ops::Add::add),
MULF => binary_op!(self, as_f64, ops::Mul::mul),
DIRF => {
let ParamBBBB(dt, rt, a0, a1) = param!(self, ParamBBBB);
let a0 = self.read_reg(a0).as_f64();
let a1 = self.read_reg(a1).as_f64();
self.write_reg(dt, (a0 / a1).into());
self.write_reg(rt, (a0 % a1).into());
}
ADDFI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_f64, ops::Add::add),
MULFI => binary_op_imm!(self, as_f64, ops::Mul::mul),
op => {
if !self.traph.invalid_op(
&mut self.registers,
&mut self.pc,
&mut self.memory,
op,
) {
return Err(VmRunError::InvalidOpcodeEx);
}
}
}
}
}
}
/// Read register
#[inline]
unsafe fn read_reg(&self, n: u8) -> Value {
*self.registers.get_unchecked(n as usize)
}
/// Write a register.
/// Writing to register 0 is no-op.
#[inline]
unsafe fn write_reg(&mut self, n: u8, value: Value) {
if n != 0 {
*self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(n as usize) = value;
}
}
}
/// Virtual machine halt error
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
#[repr(u8)]
pub enum VmRunError {
/// Unhandled invalid opcode exceptions
InvalidOpcodeEx,
/// Unhandled load access exception
LoadAccessEx,
/// Unhandled store access exception
StoreAccessEx,
}

33
hbvm/src/vm/trap.rs Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
use super::{
mem::{Memory, MemoryAccessReason, PageSize},
value::Value,
};
/// Handle VM traps
pub trait HandleTrap {
/// Handle page fault
fn page_fault(
&mut self,
reason: MemoryAccessReason,
memory: &mut Memory,
vaddr: u64,
size: PageSize,
dataptr: *mut u8,
) -> bool;
/// Handle invalid opcode exception
fn invalid_op(
&mut self,
regs: &mut [Value; 256],
pc: &mut usize,
memory: &mut Memory,
op: u8,
) -> bool
where
Self: Sized;
/// Handle environment calls
fn ecall(&mut self, regs: &mut [Value; 256], pc: &mut usize, memory: &mut Memory)
where
Self: Sized;
}

46
hbvm/src/vm/value.rs Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
use core::fmt::Debug;
/// Define [`Value`] union
///
/// # Safety
/// Union variants have to be sound to byte-reinterpretate
/// between each other. Otherwise the behaviour is undefined.
macro_rules! value_def {
($($ty:ident),* $(,)?) => {
/// HBVM register value
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
#[repr(packed)]
pub union Value {
$(pub $ty: $ty),*
}
paste::paste! {
impl Value {$(
#[doc = "Byte-reinterpret [`Value`] as [`" $ty "`]"]
#[inline]
pub fn [<as_ $ty>](&self) -> $ty {
unsafe { self.$ty }
}
)*}
}
$(
impl From<$ty> for Value {
#[inline]
fn from(value: $ty) -> Self {
Self { $ty: value }
}
}
)*
};
}
value_def!(u64, i64, f64);
static_assertions::const_assert_eq!(core::mem::size_of::<Value>(), 8);
impl Debug for Value {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
// Print formatted as hexadecimal, unsigned integer
write!(f, "{:x}", self.as_u64())
}
}

578
hbvm/src/vmrun.rs
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@ -1,578 +0,0 @@
//! Welcome to the land of The Great Dispatch Loop
//!
//! Have fun
use {
super::{bmc::BlockCopier, mem::Memory, value::ValueVariant, Vm, VmRunError, VmRunOk},
crate::{
mem::{addr::AddressOp, Address},
value::CheckedDivRem,
},
core::{cmp::Ordering, ops},
hbbytecode::{
OpsN, OpsO, OpsP, OpsRB, OpsRD, OpsRH, OpsRR, OpsRRA, OpsRRAH, OpsRRB, OpsRRD, OpsRRH,
OpsRRO, OpsRROH, OpsRRP, OpsRRPH, OpsRRR, OpsRRRR, OpsRRW, OpsRW, RoundingMode,
},
};
macro_rules! handler {
($self:expr, |$ty:ident ($($ident:pat),* $(,)?)| $expr:expr) => {{
#[allow(unused_unsafe)]
let $ty($($ident),*) = unsafe { $self.decode::<$ty>() };
#[allow(clippy::no_effect)] let e = $expr;
$self.bump_pc::<$ty>();
e
}};
}
impl<Mem, const TIMER_QUOTIENT: usize> Vm<Mem, TIMER_QUOTIENT>
where
Mem: Memory,
{
/// Execute program
///
/// Program can return [`VmRunError`] if a trap handling failed
#[cfg_attr(feature = "nightly", repr(align(4096)))]
pub fn run(&mut self) -> Result<VmRunOk, VmRunError> {
use hbbytecode::opcode::*;
loop {
// Big match
//
// Contribution guide:
// - Zero register shall never be overwitten. It's value has to always be 0.
// - Prefer `Self::read_reg` and `Self::write_reg` functions
// - Try to use `handler!` macro for decoding and then bumping program counter
// - Prioritise speed over code size
// - Memory is cheap, CPUs not that much
// - Do not heap allocate at any cost
// - Yes, user-provided trap handler may allocate,
// but that is not our »fault«.
// - Unsafe is kinda must, but be sure you have validated everything
// - Your contributions have to pass sanitizers, fuzzer and Miri
// - Strictly follow the spec
// - The spec does not specify how you perform actions, in what order,
// just that the observable effects have to be performed in order and
// correctly.
// - Yes, we assume you run 64 bit CPU. Else ?conradluget a better CPU
// sorry 8 bit fans, HBVM won't run on your Speccy :(
unsafe {
match self.memory.prog_read::<u8>(self.pc as _) {
UN => {
self.bump_pc::<OpsN>();
return Err(VmRunError::Unreachable);
}
TX => {
self.bump_pc::<OpsN>();
return Ok(VmRunOk::End);
}
NOP => handler!(self, |OpsN()| ()),
ADD8 => self.binary_op(u8::wrapping_add),
ADD16 => self.binary_op(u16::wrapping_add),
ADD32 => self.binary_op(u32::wrapping_add),
ADD64 => self.binary_op(u64::wrapping_add),
SUB8 => self.binary_op(u8::wrapping_sub),
SUB16 => self.binary_op(u16::wrapping_sub),
SUB32 => self.binary_op(u32::wrapping_sub),
SUB64 => self.binary_op(u64::wrapping_sub),
MUL8 => self.binary_op(u8::wrapping_mul),
MUL16 => self.binary_op(u16::wrapping_mul),
MUL32 => self.binary_op(u32::wrapping_mul),
MUL64 => self.binary_op(u64::wrapping_mul),
AND => self.binary_op::<u64>(ops::BitAnd::bitand),
OR => self.binary_op::<u64>(ops::BitOr::bitor),
XOR => self.binary_op::<u64>(ops::BitXor::bitxor),
SLU8 => self.binary_op_shift::<u8>(u8::wrapping_shl),
SLU16 => self.binary_op_shift::<u16>(u16::wrapping_shl),
SLU32 => self.binary_op_shift::<u32>(u32::wrapping_shl),
SLU64 => self.binary_op_shift::<u64>(u64::wrapping_shl),
SRU8 => self.binary_op_shift::<u8>(u8::wrapping_shr),
SRU16 => self.binary_op_shift::<u16>(u16::wrapping_shr),
SRU32 => self.binary_op_shift::<u32>(u32::wrapping_shr),
SRU64 => self.binary_op_shift::<u64>(u64::wrapping_shr),
SRS8 => self.binary_op_shift::<i8>(i8::wrapping_shr),
SRS16 => self.binary_op_shift::<i16>(i16::wrapping_shr),
SRS32 => self.binary_op_shift::<i32>(i32::wrapping_shr),
SRS64 => self.binary_op_shift::<i64>(i64::wrapping_shr),
CMPU => handler!(self, |OpsRRR(tg, a0, a1)| self.cmp(
tg,
a0,
self.read_reg(a1).cast::<u64>()
)),
CMPS => handler!(self, |OpsRRR(tg, a0, a1)| self.cmp(
tg,
a0,
self.read_reg(a1).cast::<i64>()
)),
DIRU8 => self.dir::<u8>(),
DIRU16 => self.dir::<u16>(),
DIRU32 => self.dir::<u32>(),
DIRU64 => self.dir::<u64>(),
DIRS8 => self.dir::<i8>(),
DIRS16 => self.dir::<i16>(),
DIRS32 => self.dir::<i32>(),
DIRS64 => self.dir::<i64>(),
NEG => handler!(self, |OpsRR(tg, a0)| {
// Bit negation
self.write_reg(tg, !self.read_reg(a0).cast::<u64>())
}),
NOT => handler!(self, |OpsRR(tg, a0)| {
// Logical negation
self.write_reg(tg, u64::from(self.read_reg(a0).cast::<u64>() == 0));
}),
SXT8 => handler!(self, |OpsRR(tg, a0)| {
self.write_reg(tg, self.read_reg(a0).cast::<i8>() as i64)
}),
SXT16 => handler!(self, |OpsRR(tg, a0)| {
self.write_reg(tg, self.read_reg(a0).cast::<i16>() as i64)
}),
SXT32 => handler!(self, |OpsRR(tg, a0)| {
self.write_reg(tg, self.read_reg(a0).cast::<i32>() as i64)
}),
ADDI8 => self.binary_op_imm(u8::wrapping_add),
ADDI16 => self.binary_op_imm(u16::wrapping_add),
ADDI32 => self.binary_op_imm(u32::wrapping_add),
ADDI64 => self.binary_op_imm(u64::wrapping_add),
MULI8 => self.binary_op_imm(u8::wrapping_sub),
MULI16 => self.binary_op_imm(u16::wrapping_sub),
MULI32 => self.binary_op_imm(u32::wrapping_sub),
MULI64 => self.binary_op_imm(u64::wrapping_sub),
ANDI => self.binary_op_imm::<u64>(ops::BitAnd::bitand),
ORI => self.binary_op_imm::<u64>(ops::BitOr::bitor),
XORI => self.binary_op_imm::<u64>(ops::BitXor::bitxor),
SLUI8 => self.binary_op_ims::<u8>(u8::wrapping_shl),
SLUI16 => self.binary_op_ims::<u16>(u16::wrapping_shl),
SLUI32 => self.binary_op_ims::<u32>(u32::wrapping_shl),
SLUI64 => self.binary_op_ims::<u64>(u64::wrapping_shl),
SRUI8 => self.binary_op_ims::<u8>(u8::wrapping_shr),
SRUI16 => self.binary_op_ims::<u16>(u16::wrapping_shr),
SRUI32 => self.binary_op_ims::<u32>(u32::wrapping_shr),
SRUI64 => self.binary_op_ims::<u64>(u64::wrapping_shr),
SRSI8 => self.binary_op_ims::<i8>(i8::wrapping_shr),
SRSI16 => self.binary_op_ims::<i16>(i16::wrapping_shr),
SRSI32 => self.binary_op_ims::<i32>(i32::wrapping_shr),
SRSI64 => self.binary_op_ims::<i64>(i64::wrapping_shr),
CMPUI => handler!(self, |OpsRRD(tg, a0, imm)| { self.cmp(tg, a0, imm) }),
CMPSI => handler!(self, |OpsRRD(tg, a0, imm)| { self.cmp(tg, a0, imm as i64) }),
CP => handler!(self, |OpsRR(tg, a0)| self.write_reg(tg, self.read_reg(a0))),
SWA => handler!(self, |OpsRR(r0, r1)| {
// Swap registers
match (r0, r1) {
(0, 0) => (),
(dst, 0) | (0, dst) => self.write_reg(dst, 0_u64),
(r0, r1) => {
core::ptr::swap(
self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(usize::from(r0)),
self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(usize::from(r1)),
);
}
}
}),
LI8 => handler!(self, |OpsRB(tg, imm)| self.write_reg(tg, imm)),
LI16 => handler!(self, |OpsRH(tg, imm)| self.write_reg(tg, imm)),
LI32 => handler!(self, |OpsRW(tg, imm)| self.write_reg(tg, imm)),
LI64 => handler!(self, |OpsRD(tg, imm)| self.write_reg(tg, imm)),
LRA => handler!(self, |OpsRRO(tg, reg, off)| self.write_reg(
tg,
self.pcrel(off, 3)
.wrapping_add(self.read_reg(reg).cast::<i64>())
.get(),
)),
// Load. If loading more than register size, continue on adjecent registers
LD => handler!(self, |OpsRRAH(dst, base, off, count)| self
.load(dst, base, off, count)?),
// Store. Same rules apply as to LD
ST => handler!(self, |OpsRRAH(dst, base, off, count)| self
.store(dst, base, off, count)?),
LDR => handler!(self, |OpsRROH(dst, base, off, count)| self.load(
dst,
base,
self.pcrel(off, 3).get(),
count
)?),
STR => handler!(self, |OpsRROH(dst, base, off, count)| self.store(
dst,
base,
self.pcrel(off, 3).get(),
count
)?),
BMC => {
// Block memory copy
match if let Some(copier) = &mut self.copier {
// There is some copier, poll.
copier.poll(&mut self.memory)
} else {
// There is none, make one!
let OpsRRH(src, dst, count) = self.decode();
self.copier = Some(BlockCopier::new(
Address::new(self.read_reg(src).cast()),
Address::new(self.read_reg(dst).cast()),
count as _,
));
self.copier
.as_mut()
.unwrap_unchecked() // SAFETY: We just assigned there
.poll(&mut self.memory)
} {
// We are done, shift program counter
core::task::Poll::Ready(Ok(())) => {
self.copier = None;
self.bump_pc::<OpsRRH>();
}
// Error, shift program counter (for consistency)
// and yield error
core::task::Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => {
return Err(e.into());
}
// Not done yet, proceed to next cycle
core::task::Poll::Pending => (),
}
}
BRC => handler!(self, |OpsRRB(src, dst, count)| {
// Block register copy
if src.checked_add(count).is_none() || dst.checked_add(count).is_none() {
return Err(VmRunError::RegOutOfBounds);
}
core::ptr::copy(
self.registers.get_unchecked(usize::from(src)),
self.registers.get_unchecked_mut(usize::from(dst)),
usize::from(count),
);
}),
JMP => {
let OpsO(off) = self.decode();
self.pc = self.pc.wrapping_add(off).wrapping_add(1);
}
JAL => {
// Jump and link. Save PC after this instruction to
// specified register and jump to reg + relative offset.
let OpsRRO(save, reg, offset) = self.decode();
self.write_reg(save, self.pc.get());
self.pc = self
.pcrel(offset, 3)
.wrapping_add(self.read_reg(reg).cast::<i64>());
}
JALA => {
// Jump and link. Save PC after this instruction to
// specified register and jump to reg
let OpsRRA(save, reg, offset) = self.decode();
self.write_reg(save, self.pc.get());
self.pc =
Address::new(self.read_reg(reg).cast::<u64>().wrapping_add(offset));
}
// Conditional jumps, jump only to immediates
JEQ => self.cond_jmp::<u64>(Ordering::Equal),
JNE => {
let OpsRRP(a0, a1, ja) = self.decode();
if self.read_reg(a0).cast::<u64>() != self.read_reg(a1).cast::<u64>() {
self.pc = self.pcrel(ja, 3);
} else {
self.bump_pc::<OpsRRP>();
}
}
JLTS => self.cond_jmp::<u64>(Ordering::Less),
JGTS => self.cond_jmp::<u64>(Ordering::Greater),
JLTU => self.cond_jmp::<i64>(Ordering::Less),
JGTU => self.cond_jmp::<i64>(Ordering::Greater),
ECA => {
// So we don't get timer interrupt after ECALL
if TIMER_QUOTIENT != 0 {
self.timer = self.timer.wrapping_add(1);
}
self.bump_pc::<OpsN>();
return Ok(VmRunOk::Ecall);
}
EBP => {
self.bump_pc::<OpsN>();
return Ok(VmRunOk::Breakpoint);
}
FADD32 => self.binary_op::<f32>(ops::Add::add),
FADD64 => self.binary_op::<f64>(ops::Add::add),
FSUB32 => self.binary_op::<f32>(ops::Sub::sub),
FSUB64 => self.binary_op::<f64>(ops::Sub::sub),
FMUL32 => self.binary_op::<f32>(ops::Mul::mul),
FMUL64 => self.binary_op::<f64>(ops::Mul::mul),
FDIV32 => self.binary_op::<f32>(ops::Div::div),
FDIV64 => self.binary_op::<f64>(ops::Div::div),
FMA32 => self.fma::<f32>(),
FMA64 => self.fma::<f64>(),
FINV32 => handler!(self, |OpsRR(tg, reg)| self
.write_reg(tg, 1. / self.read_reg(reg).cast::<f32>())),
FINV64 => handler!(self, |OpsRR(tg, reg)| self
.write_reg(tg, 1. / self.read_reg(reg).cast::<f64>())),
FCMPLT32 => self.fcmp::<f32>(Ordering::Less),
FCMPLT64 => self.fcmp::<f64>(Ordering::Less),
FCMPGT32 => self.fcmp::<f32>(Ordering::Greater),
FCMPGT64 => self.fcmp::<f64>(Ordering::Greater),
ITF32 => handler!(self, |OpsRR(tg, reg)| self
.write_reg(tg, self.read_reg(reg).cast::<i64>() as f32)),
ITF64 => handler!(self, |OpsRR(tg, reg)| self
.write_reg(tg, self.read_reg(reg).cast::<i64>() as f64)),
FTI32 => handler!(self, |OpsRRB(tg, reg, mode)| self.write_reg(
tg,
crate::float::f32toint(
self.read_reg(reg).cast::<f32>(),
RoundingMode::try_from(mode)
.map_err(|()| VmRunError::InvalidOperand)?,
),
)),
FTI64 => handler!(self, |OpsRRB(tg, reg, mode)| self.write_reg(
tg,
crate::float::f64toint(
self.read_reg(reg).cast::<f64>(),
RoundingMode::try_from(mode)
.map_err(|()| VmRunError::InvalidOperand)?,
),
)),
FC32T64 => handler!(self, |OpsRR(tg, reg)| self
.write_reg(tg, self.read_reg(reg).cast::<f32>() as f64)),
FC64T32 => handler!(self, |OpsRRB(tg, reg, mode)| self.write_reg(
tg,
crate::float::conv64to32(
self.read_reg(reg).cast(),
RoundingMode::try_from(mode)
.map_err(|()| VmRunError::InvalidOperand)?,
),
)),
LRA16 => handler!(self, |OpsRRP(tg, reg, imm)| self.write_reg(
tg,
(self.pc + self.read_reg(reg).cast::<u64>() + imm + 3_u16).get(),
)),
LDR16 => handler!(self, |OpsRRPH(dst, base, off, count)| self.load(
dst,
base,
self.pcrel(off, 3).get(),
count
)?),
STR16 => handler!(self, |OpsRRPH(dst, base, off, count)| self.store(
dst,
base,
self.pcrel(off, 3).get(),
count
)?),
JMP16 => {
let OpsP(off) = self.decode();
self.pc = self.pcrel(off, 1);
}
op => return Err(VmRunError::InvalidOpcode(op)),
}
}
if TIMER_QUOTIENT != 0 {
self.timer = self.timer.wrapping_add(1);
if self.timer % TIMER_QUOTIENT == 0 {
return Ok(VmRunOk::Timer);
}
}
}
}
/// Bump instruction pointer
#[inline(always)]
fn bump_pc<T: Copy>(&mut self) {
self.pc = self
.pc
.wrapping_add(core::mem::size_of::<T>())
.wrapping_add(1);
}
/// Decode instruction operands
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn decode<T: Copy>(&mut self) -> T {
unsafe { self.memory.prog_read::<T>(self.pc + 1_u64) }
}
/// Load
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn load(
&mut self,
dst: u8,
base: u8,
offset: u64,
count: u16,
) -> Result<(), VmRunError> {
let n: u8 = match dst {
0 => 1,
_ => 0,
};
unsafe {
self.memory.load(
self.ldst_addr_uber(dst, base, offset, count, n)?,
self.registers
.as_mut_ptr()
.add(usize::from(dst) + usize::from(n))
.cast(),
usize::from(count).saturating_sub(n.into()),
)
}?;
Ok(())
}
/// Store
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn store(
&mut self,
dst: u8,
base: u8,
offset: u64,
count: u16,
) -> Result<(), VmRunError> {
unsafe {
self.memory.store(
self.ldst_addr_uber(dst, base, offset, count, 0)?,
self.registers.as_ptr().add(usize::from(dst)).cast(),
count.into(),
)
}?;
Ok(())
}
/// Three-way comparsion
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn cmp<T: ValueVariant + Ord>(&mut self, to: u8, reg: u8, val: T) {
self.write_reg(to, self.read_reg(reg).cast::<T>().cmp(&val) as i64);
}
/// Perform binary operating over two registers
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn binary_op<T: ValueVariant>(&mut self, op: impl Fn(T, T) -> T) {
let OpsRRR(tg, a0, a1) = unsafe { self.decode() };
self.write_reg(
tg,
op(self.read_reg(a0).cast::<T>(), self.read_reg(a1).cast::<T>()),
);
self.bump_pc::<OpsRRR>();
}
/// Perform binary operation over register and immediate
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn binary_op_imm<T: ValueVariant>(&mut self, op: impl Fn(T, T) -> T) {
#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
#[repr(packed)]
struct OpsRRImm<I>(OpsRR, I);
let OpsRRImm::<T>(OpsRR(tg, reg), imm) = unsafe { self.decode() };
self.write_reg(tg, op(self.read_reg(reg).cast::<T>(), imm));
self.bump_pc::<OpsRRImm<T>>();
}
/// Perform binary operation over register and shift immediate
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn binary_op_shift<T: ValueVariant>(&mut self, op: impl Fn(T, u32) -> T) {
let OpsRRR(tg, a0, a1) = unsafe { self.decode() };
self.write_reg(
tg,
op(
self.read_reg(a0).cast::<T>(),
self.read_reg(a1).cast::<u32>(),
),
);
self.bump_pc::<OpsRRR>();
}
/// Perform binary operation over register and shift immediate
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn binary_op_ims<T: ValueVariant>(&mut self, op: impl Fn(T, u32) -> T) {
let OpsRRB(tg, reg, imm) = unsafe { self.decode() };
self.write_reg(tg, op(self.read_reg(reg).cast::<T>(), imm.into()));
self.bump_pc::<OpsRRW>();
}
/// Fused division-remainder
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn dir<T: ValueVariant + CheckedDivRem>(&mut self) {
handler!(self, |OpsRRRR(td, tr, a0, a1)| {
let a0 = self.read_reg(a0).cast::<T>();
let a1 = self.read_reg(a1).cast::<T>();
if let Some(div) = a0.checked_div(a1) {
self.write_reg(td, div);
} else {
self.write_reg(td, -1_i64);
}
if let Some(rem) = a0.checked_rem(a1) {
self.write_reg(tr, rem);
} else {
self.write_reg(tr, a0);
}
});
}
/// Fused multiply-add
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn fma<T>(&mut self)
where
T: ValueVariant + core::ops::Mul<Output = T> + core::ops::Add<Output = T>,
{
handler!(self, |OpsRRRR(tg, a0, a1, a2)| {
let a0 = self.read_reg(a0).cast::<T>();
let a1 = self.read_reg(a1).cast::<T>();
let a2 = self.read_reg(a2).cast::<T>();
self.write_reg(tg, a0 * a1 + a2)
});
}
/// Float comparsion
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn fcmp<T: PartialOrd + ValueVariant>(&mut self, nan: Ordering) {
handler!(self, |OpsRRR(tg, a0, a1)| {
let a0 = self.read_reg(a0).cast::<T>();
let a1 = self.read_reg(a1).cast::<T>();
self.write_reg(tg, (a0.partial_cmp(&a1).unwrap_or(nan) as i8 + 1) as u8)
});
}
/// Calculate pc-relative address
#[inline(always)]
fn pcrel(&self, offset: impl AddressOp, pos: u8) -> Address {
self.pc.wrapping_add(pos).wrapping_add(offset)
}
/// Jump at `PC + #3` if ordering on `#0 <=> #1` is equal to expected
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn cond_jmp<T: ValueVariant + Ord>(&mut self, expected: Ordering) {
let OpsRRP(a0, a1, ja) = unsafe { self.decode() };
if self
.read_reg(a0)
.cast::<T>()
.cmp(&self.read_reg(a1).cast::<T>())
== expected
{
self.pc = self.pcrel(ja, 3);
} else {
self.bump_pc::<OpsRRP>();
}
}
/// Load / Store Address check-computation überfunction
#[inline(always)]
unsafe fn ldst_addr_uber(
&self,
dst: u8,
base: u8,
offset: u64,
size: u16,
adder: u8,
) -> Result<Address, VmRunError> {
let reg = dst.checked_add(adder).ok_or(VmRunError::RegOutOfBounds)?;
if usize::from(reg) * 8 + usize::from(size) > 2048 {
Err(VmRunError::RegOutOfBounds)
} else {
self.read_reg(base)
.cast::<u64>()
.checked_add(offset)
.and_then(|x| x.checked_add(adder.into()))
.ok_or(VmRunError::AddrOutOfBounds)
.map(Address::new)
}
}
}

9
hbvm_aos_on_linux/Cargo.toml
View file

@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
[package]
name = "hbvm_aos_on_linux"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
default-run = "hbvm_aos_on_linux"
[dependencies]
hbvm.path = "../hbvm"
nix = { version = "0.27", features = ["mman", "signal"] }

3
hbvm_aos_on_linux/readme.md
View file

@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
As close to the AbleOS runtime as possible
useful for me to spec out things on my laptop

96
hbvm_aos_on_linux/src/main.rs
View file

@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
//! Holey Bytes Experimental Runtime
mod mem;
use {
hbvm::{mem::Address, Vm, VmRunOk},
nix::sys::mman::{mmap, MapFlags, ProtFlags},
std::{env::args, fs::File, num::NonZeroUsize, process::exit},
};
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
eprintln!("== HB×RT (Holey Bytes Linux Runtime) v0.1 ==");
eprintln!("[W] Currently supporting only flat images");
let Some(image_path) = args().nth(1) else {
eprintln!("[E] Missing image path");
exit(1);
};
// Load program
eprintln!("[I] Loading image from \"{image_path}\"");
let file = File::open(image_path)?;
let ptr = unsafe {
mmap(
None,
NonZeroUsize::new(file.metadata()?.len() as usize).ok_or("File is empty")?,
ProtFlags::PROT_READ,
MapFlags::MAP_PRIVATE,
Some(&file),
0,
)?
};
eprintln!("[I] Image loaded at {ptr:p}");
// Execute program
let mut vm = unsafe { Vm::<_, 0>::new(mem::HostMemory, Address::new(ptr as u64)) };
// Memory access fault handling
unsafe {
use nix::sys::signal;
extern "C" fn action(
_: std::ffi::c_int,
info: *mut nix::libc::siginfo_t,
_: *mut std::ffi::c_void,
) {
unsafe {
eprintln!("[E] Memory access fault at {:p}", (*info).si_addr());
}
}
signal::sigaction(
signal::Signal::SIGSEGV,
&nix::sys::signal::SigAction::new(
signal::SigHandler::SigAction(action),
signal::SaFlags::SA_NODEFER,
nix::sys::signalfd::SigSet::empty(),
),
)?;
}
let stat = loop {
match vm.run() {
Ok(VmRunOk::Breakpoint) => eprintln!(
"[I] Hit breakpoint\nIP: {}\n== Registers ==\n{:?}",
vm.pc, vm.registers
),
Ok(VmRunOk::Timer) => (),
Ok(VmRunOk::Ecall) => {
// unsafe {
// std::arch::asm!(
// "syscall",
// inlateout("rax") vm.registers[1].0,
// in("rdi") vm.registers[2].0,
// in("rsi") vm.registers[3].0,
// in("rdx") vm.registers[4].0,
// in("r10") vm.registers[5].0,
// in("r8") vm.registers[6].0,
// in("r9") vm.registers[7].0,
// )
// }
}
Ok(VmRunOk::End) => break Ok(()),
Err(e) => break Err(e),
}
};
eprintln!("\n== Registers ==\n{:?}", vm.registers);
if let Err(e) = stat {
eprintln!("\n[E] Runtime error: {e:?}");
exit(2);
}
Ok(())
}

31
hbvm_aos_on_linux/src/mem.rs
View file

@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
use hbvm::mem::{Address, LoadError, Memory, StoreError};
pub struct HostMemory;
impl Memory for HostMemory {
#[inline]
unsafe fn load(
&mut self,
addr: Address,
target: *mut u8,
count: usize,
) -> Result<(), LoadError> {
unsafe { core::ptr::copy(addr.get() as *const u8, target, count) }
Ok(())
}
#[inline]
unsafe fn store(
&mut self,
addr: Address,
source: *const u8,
count: usize,
) -> Result<(), StoreError> {
unsafe { core::ptr::copy(source, addr.get() as *mut u8, count) }
Ok(())
}
#[inline]
unsafe fn prog_read<T: Copy>(&mut self, addr: Address) -> T {
core::ptr::read(addr.get() as *const T)
}
}

9
hbxrt/Cargo.toml
View file

@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
[package]
name = "hbxrt"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
default-run = "hbxrt"
[dependencies]
hbvm.path = "../hbvm"
memmap2 = "0.9"

83
hbxrt/src/main.rs
View file

@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
//! Holey Bytes Experimental Runtime
#![deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
mod mem;
use {
hbvm::{mem::Address, Vm, VmRunOk},
memmap2::Mmap,
std::{env::args, fs::File, mem::MaybeUninit, process::exit},
};
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
eprintln!("== HB×RT (Holey Bytes Experimental Runtime) v0.1 ==");
eprintln!("[W] Currently supporting only flat images");
let mut args = args().skip(1);
let Some(image_path) = args.next() else {
eprintln!("[E] Missing image path");
exit(1);
};
let dsls = args.next().as_deref() == Some("-L");
if cfg!(not(target_os = "linux")) && dsls {
eprintln!("[E] Unsupported platform for Direct Linux syscall mode");
exit(1);
}
if dsls {
eprintln!("[I] Direct Linux syscall mode activated")
}
// Allocate stack
let mut stack = Box::new(MaybeUninit::<[u8; 1024 * 1024 * 2]>::uninit());
eprintln!("[I] Stack allocated at {:p}", stack.as_ptr());
// Load program
eprintln!("[I] Loading image from \"{image_path}\"");
let file_handle = File::open(image_path)?;
let mmap = unsafe { Mmap::map(&file_handle) }?;
eprintln!("[I] Image loaded at {:p}", mmap.as_ptr());
let mut vm = unsafe { Vm::<_, 0>::new(mem::HostMemory, Address::new(mmap.as_ptr() as u64)) };
vm.write_reg(254, stack.as_mut_ptr() as u64);
// Execute program
let stat = loop {
match vm.run() {
Ok(VmRunOk::Breakpoint) => eprintln!(
"[I] Hit breakpoint\nIP: {}\n== Registers ==\n{:?}",
vm.pc, vm.registers
),
Ok(VmRunOk::Timer) => (),
Ok(VmRunOk::Ecall) if dsls => unsafe {
std::arch::asm!(
"syscall",
inlateout("rax") vm.registers[1].0,
in("rdi") vm.registers[2].0,
in("rsi") vm.registers[3].0,
in("rdx") vm.registers[4].0,
in("r10") vm.registers[5].0,
in("r8") vm.registers[6].0,
in("r9") vm.registers[7].0,
)
},
Ok(VmRunOk::Ecall) => {
eprintln!("[E] General environment calls not supported");
exit(1);
}
Ok(VmRunOk::End) => break Ok(()),
Err(e) => break Err(e),
}
};
eprintln!("\n== Registers ==\n{:?}", vm.registers);
if let Err(e) = stat {
eprintln!("\n[E] Runtime error: {e:?}");
exit(2);
}
Ok(())
}

31
hbxrt/src/mem.rs
View file

@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
use hbvm::mem::{Address, LoadError, Memory, StoreError};
pub struct HostMemory;
impl Memory for HostMemory {
#[inline]
unsafe fn load(
&mut self,
addr: Address,
target: *mut u8,
count: usize,
) -> Result<(), LoadError> {
unsafe { core::ptr::copy(addr.get() as *const u8, target, count) }
Ok(())
}
#[inline]
unsafe fn store(
&mut self,
addr: Address,
source: *const u8,
count: usize,
) -> Result<(), StoreError> {
unsafe { core::ptr::copy(source, addr.get() as *mut u8, count) }
Ok(())
}
#[inline]
unsafe fn prog_read<T: Copy>(&mut self, addr: Address) -> T {
unsafe { core::ptr::read(addr.get() as *const T) }
}
}

2
rust-toolchain
View file

@ -1 +1 @@
nightly stable

3
rustfmt.toml
View file

@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
hex_literal_case = "Upper" hex_literal_case = "Upper"
imports_granularity = "One" imports_granularity = "One"
struct_field_align_threshold = 8 struct_field_align_threshold = 5
enum_discrim_align_threshold = 8

753
spec.md
View file

@ -1,505 +1,272 @@
# HoleyBytes ISA Specification # HoleyBytes ISA Specification
# Bytecode format # Bytecode format
- Image format is not specified, though ELF is recommended
- All numbers are encoded little-endian - All numbers are encoded little-endian
- There is 256 registers, they are represented by a byte - There is 256 registers, they are represented by a byte
- Immediate values are 8, 16, 32 or 64 bit - Immediate values are 64 bit
## Instruction encoding ### Instruction encoding
- Instruction operands are packed (no alignment) - Instruction parameters are packed (no alignment)
- [opcode, operand 0, operand 1, …] - [opcode, …parameters…]
## Instruction parameter types ### Instruction parameter types
- `R`: Register (8 bits) - B = Byte
- Relative program-counter offset immediates: - D = Doubleword (64 bits)
- `O`: 32 bit (Si32) - H = Halfword (16 bits)
- `P`: 16 bit (Si16)
- Immediates:
- `B`: Byte, 8 bit (Xi8)
- `H`: Half-word, 16 bit (Xi16)
- `W`: Word, 32 bit (Xi32)
- `D`: Double-word, 64 bit (Xi64)
- `A`: Absolute address immediate, 64 bit (Ui64)
## Types | Name | Size |
- Si*n*: Signed integer of size *n* bits (Si8, Si16, Si32, Si64) |:----:|:--------|
- Ui*n*: Unsigned integer of size *n* bits (Ui8, Ui16, Ui32, Ui64) | BBBB | 32 bits |
- Xi*n*: Sign-agnostic integer of size *n* bits (Xi8, Xi16, Xi32, Xi64) | BBB | 24 bits |
- Fl*n*: Floating point number of size *n* bits (Fl32, Fl64) | BBDH | 96 bits |
| BBDB | 88 bits |
# Behaviour | BBD | 80 bits |
- There is only one type of register, a general-purpose one. | BB | 16 bits |
Used for both integers and floats. | BD | 72 bits |
- Integer operations are wrapping, including signed numbers | D | 64 bits |
- Bitshifts are truncating | N | 0 bits |
- Two's complement
- Floats as specified by IEEE 754
- Execution model is implementation defined as long all observable
effects are performed in correct order
## Relative addressing
Relative addresses are computed from address of the first byte
of offset in the code. Not from the beginning of current or following instruction.
## Zero register
- Register 0
- Cannot be clobbered
- Write is no-op
- Load always yields 0
## Rounding modes
| Rounding mode | Value |
|:-------------------------|:------|
| To nearest, ties to even | 0b00 |
| Towards 0 (truncate) | 0b01 |
| Towards +∞ (up) | 0b10 |
| Towards -∞ (down) | 0b11 |
- Remaining values in the byte traps with invalid operand exception
# Memory
- Memory implementation is implementation-defined
- Zero address (`0x0`) is considered invalid
# Traps
- Environment call
- Environment breakpoint
Program counter goes to the following instruction
## Exceptions
- Memory access fault
- Invalid operand
- Unknown opcode
Program counter stays on the currently executed instruction
# Instructions # Instructions
- `#n`: register in parameter *n* - `#n`: register in parameter *n*
- `$n`: for immediate in parameter *n* - `imm #n`: for immediate in parameter *n*
- `#P ← V`: Set register P to value V - `P ← V`: Set register P to value V
- `[x]`: Address x - `[x]`: Address x
- `XY`: X bytes from location Y
- `pc`: Program counter ## No-op
- `<XYZ>`: Placeholder - N type
- `Type(X)`: Cast
| Opcode | Name | Action |
## Program execution control |:------:|:----:|:----------:|
- Type `N` | 0 | NOP | Do nothing |
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Action | ## Integer binary ops.
|:-------|:---------|:--------------------------------------------| - BBB type
| 0x00 | UN | Throw unreachable code exception | - `#0 ← #1 <op> #2`
| 0x01 | TX | Terminate execution (eg. on end of program) |
| 0x02 | NOP | Do nothing | | Opcode | Name | Action |
|:------:|:----:|:-----------------------:|
## Binary register-register ops | 1 | ADD | Wrapping addition |
- Type `RRR` | 2 | SUB | Wrapping subtraction |
- Action: `#0 ← #1 <OP> #2` | 3 | MUL | Wrapping multiplication |
| 4 | AND | Bitand |
## Addition (`+`) | 5 | OR | Bitor |
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | | 6 | XOR | Bitxor |
|:-------|:---------|:-----| | 7 | SL | Unsigned left bitshift |
| 0x03 | ADD8 | Xi8 | | 8 | SR | Unsigned right bitshift |
| 0x04 | ADD16 | Xi16 | | 9 | SRS | Signed right bitshift |
| 0x05 | ADD32 | Xi32 |
| 0x06 | ADD64 | Xi64 | ### Comparsion
| Opcode | Name | Action |
## Subtraction (`-`) |:------:|:----:|:-------------------:|
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | | 10 | CMP | Signed comparsion |
|:-------|:---------|:-----| | 11 | CMPU | Unsigned comparsion |
| 0x07 | SUB8 | Xi8 |
| 0x08 | SUB16 | Xi16 | #### Comparsion table
| 0x09 | SUB32 | Xi32 | | #1 *op* #2 | Result |
| 0x0A | SUB64 | Xi64 | |:----------:|:------:|
| < | -1 |
## Multiplication (`*`) | = | 0 |
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | | > | 1 |
|:-------|:---------|:-----|
| 0x0B | MUL8 | Xi8 | ### Division-remainder
| 0x0C | MUL16 | Xi16 | - Type BBBB
| 0x0D | MUL32 | Xi32 | - In case of `#3` is zero, the resulting value is all-ones
| 0x0E | MUL64 | Xi64 | - `#0 ← #2 ÷ #3`
- `#1 ← #2 % #3`
## Bitwise ops (type: Xi64)
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Operation | | Opcode | Name | Action |
|:-------|:---------|:--------------------| |:------:|:----:|:-------------------------------:|
| 0x0F | AND | Conjunction (&) | | 12 | DIR | Divide and remainder combinated |
| 0x10 | OR | Disjunction (\|) |
| 0x11 | XOR | Non-equivalence (^) | ### Negations
- Type BB
## Unsigned left bitshift (`<<`) - `#0 ← #1 <op> #2`
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type |
|:-------|:---------|:-----| | Opcode | Name | Action |
| 0x12 | SLU8 | Ui8 | |:------:|:----:|:----------------:|
| 0x13 | SLU16 | Ui16 | | 13 | NEG | Bit negation |
| 0x14 | SLU32 | Ui32 | | 14 | NOT | Logical negation |
| 0x15 | SLU64 | Ui64 |
## Integer immediate binary ops.
## Unsigned right bitshift (`>>`) - Type BBD
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | - `#0 ← #1 <op> imm #2`
|:-------|:---------|:-----|
| 0x16 | SRU8 | Ui8 | | Opcode | Name | Action |
| 0x17 | SRU16 | Ui16 | |:------:|:----:|:-----------------------:|
| 0x18 | SRU32 | Ui32 | | 15 | ADDI | Wrapping addition |
| 0x19 | SRU64 | Ui64 | | 16 | MULI | Wrapping subtraction |
| 17 | ANDI | Bitand |
## Signed right bitshift (`>>`) | 18 | ORI | Bitor |
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | | 19 | XORI | Bitxor |
|:-------|:---------|:-----| | 20 | SLI | Unsigned left bitshift |
| 0x1A | SRS8 | Si8 | | 21 | SRI | Unsigned right bitshift |
| 0x1B | SRS16 | Si16 | | 22 | SRSI | Signed right bitshift |
| 0x1C | SRS32 | Si32 |
| 0x1D | SRS64 | Si64 | ### Comparsion
- Comparsion is the same as when RRR type
## Comparsion
- Compares two numbers, saves result to register | Opcode | Name | Action |
- Operation: `#0 ← #1 <=> #2` |:------:|:-----:|:-------------------:|
| 23 | CMPI | Signed comparsion |
| Ordering | Number | | 24 | CMPUI | Unsigned comparsion |
|:---------|:-------|
| < | -1 | ## Register value set / copy
| = | 0 |
| > | 1 | ### Copy
- Type BB
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | - `#0 ← #1`
|:-------|:---------|:-----|
| 0x1E | CMPU | Ui64 | | Opcode | Name | Action |
| 0x1F | CMPS | Si64 | |:------:|:----:|:------:|
| 25 | CP | Copy |
# Merged divide-remainder
- Type `RRRR` ### Swap
- Operation: - Type BB
- `#0 ← #2 / #3` - Swap #0 and #1
- `#1 ← #2 % #3`
| Opcode | Name | Action |
- If dividing by zero: |:------:|:----:|:------:|
- `#0 ← Ui64(-1)` | 26 | SWA | Swap |
- `#1 ← #2`
### Load immediate
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | - Type BD
|:-------|:---------|:-----| - `#0 ← #1`
| 0x20 | DIRU8 | Ui8 |
| 0x21 | DIRU16 | Ui16 | | Opcode | Name | Action |
| 0x22 | DIRU32 | Ui32 | |:------:|:----:|:--------------:|
| 0x23 | DIRU64 | Ui64 | | 27 | LI | Load immediate |
| 0x24 | DIRS8 | Si8 |
| 0x25 | DIRS16 | Si16 | ## Memory operations
| 0x26 | DIRS32 | Si32 | - Type BBDH
| 0x27 | DIRS64 | Si64 | - If loaded/store value exceeds one register size, continue accessing following registers
# Unary register operations (type: Xi64) ### Load / Store
- Type: `RR` | Opcode | Name | Action |
- Operation: `#0 ← <OP> #1` |:------:|:----:|:---------------------------------------:|
| 28 | LD | `#0 ← [#1 + imm #3], copy imm #4 bytes` |
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Operation | | 29 | ST | `[#1 + imm #3] ← #0, copy imm #4 bytes` |
|:-------|:---------|:-------------------------|
| 0x28 | NEG | Bitwise complement (`~`) | ## Block copy
| 0x29 | NOT | Logical negation (`!`) | - Block copy source and target can overlap
## Sign extensions ### Memory copy
- Operation: `#0 ← Si64(#1)` - Type BBD
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Source type | | Opcode | Name | Action |
|:-------|:---------|:------------| |:------:|:----:|:--------------------------------:|
| 0x2A | SXT8 | Si8 | | 30 | BMC | `[#0] ← [#1], copy imm #2 bytes` |
| 0x2B | SXT16 | Si16 |
| 0x2C | SXT32 | Si32 | ### Register copy
- Type BBB
# Binary register-immediate operations - Copy a block a register to another location (again, overflowing to following registers)
- Type: `RR<IMM>`
- Operation: `#0 ← #1 <OP> $2` | Opcode | Name | Action |
|:------:|:----:|:--------------------------------:|
## Addition (`+`) | 31 | BRC | `#0 ← #1, copy imm #2 registers` |
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type |
|:-------|:---------|:-----| ## Control flow
| 0x2D | ADDI8 | Xi8 |
| 0x2E | ADDI16 | Xi16 | ### Unconditional jump
| 0x2F | ADDI32 | Xi32 | - Type BD
| 0x30 | ADDI64 | Xi64 |
| Opcode | Name | Action |
## Multiplication (`*`) |:------:|:----:|:---------------------:|
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | | 32 | JMP | Jump at `#0 + imm #1` |
|:-------|:---------|:-----|
| 0x31 | MULI8 | Xi8 | ### Conditional jumps
| 0x32 | MULI16 | Xi16 | - Type BBD
| 0x33 | MULI32 | Xi32 | - Jump at `imm #2` if `#0 <op> #1`
| 0x34 | MULI64 | Xi64 |
| Opcode | Name | Comparsion |
## Bitwise ops (type: Xi64) |:------:|:----:|:------------:|
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Operation | | 33 | JEQ | = |
|:-------|:---------|:--------------------| | 34 | JNE | ≠ |
| 0x35 | ANDI | Conjunction (&) | | 35 | JLT | < (signed) |
| 0x36 | ORI | Disjunction (\|) | | 36 | JGT | > (signed) |
| 0x37 | XORI | Non-equivalence (^) | | 37 | JLTU | < (unsigned) |
| 38 | JGTU | > (unsigned) |
# Register-immediate bitshifts
- Type: `RRB` ### Environment call
- Operation: `#0 ← #1 <OP> $2` - Type N
## Unsigned left bitshift (`<<`) | Opcode | Name | Action |
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | |:------:|:-----:|:-------------------------------------:|
|:-------|:---------|:-----| | 39 | ECALL | Cause an trap to the host environment |
| 0x38 | SLUI8 | Ui8 |
| 0x39 | SLUI16 | Ui16 | ## Floating point operations
| 0x3A | SLUI32 | Ui32 | - Type BBB
| 0x3B | SLUI64 | Ui64 | - `#0 ← #1 <op> #2`
## Unsigned right bitshift (`>>`) | Opcode | Name | Action |
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | |:------:|:----:|:--------------:|
|:-------|:---------|:-----| | 40 | ADDF | Addition |
| 0x3C | SRUI8 | Ui8 | | 41 | MULF | Multiplication |
| 0x3D | SRUI16 | Ui16 |
| 0x3E | SRUI32 | Ui32 | ### Division-remainder
| 0x3F | SRUI64 | Ui64 | - Type BBBB
## Signed right bitshift (`>>`) | Opcode | Name | Action |
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | |:------:|:----:|:--------------------------------------:|
|:-------|:---------|:-----| | 42 | DIRF | Same flow applies as for integer `DIR` |
| 0x40 | SRSI8 | Si8 |
| 0x41 | SRSI16 | Si16 | ## Floating point immediate operations
| 0x42 | SRSI32 | Si32 | - Type BBD
| 0x43 | SRSI64 | Si64 | - `#0 ← #1 <op> imm #2`
## Comparsion | Opcode | Name | Action |
- Compares two numbers, saves result to register |:------:|:-----:|:--------------:|
- Operation: `#0 ← #1 <=> $2` | 43 | ADDFI | Addition |
- Comparsion table same for register-register one | 44 | MULFI | Multiplication |
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | # Registers
|:-------|:---------|:-----| - There is 255 registers + one zero register (with index 0)
| 0x44 | CMPUI | Ui64 | - Reading from zero register yields zero
| 0x45 | CMPSI | Si64 | - Writing to zero register is a no-op
# Register copies # Memory
- Type: `RR` - Addresses are 64 bit
- Memory implementation is arbitrary
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Operation | - In case of accessing invalid address:
|:-------|:---------|:---------------------------------| - Program shall trap (LoadAccessEx, StoreAccessEx) with parameter of accessed address
| 0x46 | CP | Copy register value (`#0 ← #1`) | - Value of register when trapped is undefined
| 0x47 | SWA | Swap register values (`#0 ⇆ #1`) |
## Recommendations
# Load immediate - Leave address `0x0` as invalid
- Load immediate value from code to register - If paging used:
- Type: `R<IMM>` - Leave first page invalid
- Operation: `#0 ← $1` - Pages should be at least 4 KiB
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | # Program execution
|:-------|:---------|:-----| - The way of program execution is implementation defined
| 0x48 | LI8 | Xi8 | - The order of instruction is arbitrary, as long all observable
| 0x49 | LI16 | Xi16 | effects are applied in the program's order
| 0x4A | Li32 | Xi32 |
| 0x4B | Li64 | Xi64 | # Program validation
- Invalid program should cause runtime error:
# Load relative address - The form of error is arbitrary. Can be a trap or an interpreter-specified error
- Compute value from program counter, register value and offset - It shall not be handleable from within the program
- Type: `RRO` - Executing invalid opcode should trap
- Operation: `#0 ← pc + #1 + $2` - Program can be validaded either before execution or when executing
| Opcode | Mnemonic | # Traps
|:-------|:---------| Program should at least implement these traps:
| 0x4C | LRA | - Environment call
- Invalid instruction exception
# Memory access operations - Load address exception
- Immediate `$3` specifies size - Store address exception
- If size is greater than register size,
it overflows to adjecent register and executing environment should be able to get information about them,
(eg. copying 16 bytes to register `r1` copies first 8 bytes to it like the opcode of invalid instruction or attempted address to load/store.
and the remaining to `r2`) Details about these are left as an implementation detail.
## Absolute addressing # Assembly
- Type: `RRAH` HoleyBytes assembly format is not defined, this is just a weak description
- Computes address from base register and absolute offset of `hbasm` syntax.
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Operation | - Opcode names correspond to specified opcode names, lowercase (`nop`)
|:-------|:---------|:-------------------| - Parameters are separated by comma (`addi r0, r0, 1`)
| 0x4D | LD | `#0 ← $3[#1 + $2]` | - Instructions are separated by either line feed or semicolon
| 0x4E | ST | `$3[#1 + $2] ← #0` | - Registers are represented by `r` followed by the number (`r10`)
- Labels are defined by label name followed with colon (`loop:`)
## Relative addressing - Labels are references simply by their name (`print`)
- Type: `RROH` - Immediates are entered plainly. Negative numbers supported.
- Computes address from register and offset from program counter
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Operation |
|:-------|:---------|:------------------------|
| 0x4F | LDR | `#0 ← $3[pc + #1 + $2]` |
| 0x50 | STR | `$3[pc + #1 + $2] ← #0` |
# Block memory copy
- Type: `RRH`
- Copies block of `$3` bytes from memory location on address on `#0` to `#1`
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Operation |
|:-------|:---------|:------------------|
| 0x51 | BMC | `$3[#1] ← $3[x0]` |
# Block register copy
- Type: `RRB`
- Copy block of `$3` registers starting with `#0` to `#1`
- Copying over the 256 registers causes an exception
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Operation |
|:-------|:---------|:--------------|
| 0x52 | BRC | `$3#1 ← $3#0` |
# Relative jump
- Type: `O`
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Operation |
|:-------|:---------|:---------------|
| 0x53 | JMP | `pc ← pc + $0` |
# Linking jump
- Operation:
- Save address of following instruction to `#0`
- `#0 ← pc+<instruction size>`
- Jump to specified address
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Instruction type | Address |
|:-------|:---------|:------------------|:-------------------------|
| 0x54 | JAL | RRO (size = 6 B) | Relative, `pc + #1 + $2` |
| 0x55 | JALA | RRA (size = 10 B) | Absolute, `#1 + $2` |
# Conditional jump
- Perform comparsion, if operation met, jump to relative address
- Type: `RRP`
- Operation: `if #0 <CMP> #1 { pc ← pc + $2 }`
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Condition | Type |
|:-------|:---------|:-------------------|:-----|
| 0x56 | JEQ | Equals (`=`) | Xi64 |
| 0x57 | JNE | Not-equals (`≠`) | Xi64 |
| 0x58 | JLTU | Less-than (`<`) | Ui64 |
| 0x59 | JGTU | Greater-than (`>`) | Ui64 |
| 0x5A | JLTS | Less-than (`<`) | Si64 |
| 0x5B | JGTS | Greater-than (`>`) | Si64 |
# Environment traps
- Traps to the environment
- Type: `N`
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Trap type |
|:-------|:---------|:-----------------|
| 0x5C | ECA | Environment call |
| 0x5D | EBP | Breakpoint |
# Floating point binary operations
- Type: `RRR`
- Operation: `#0 ← #1 <OP> #2`
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Operation | Type |
|:-------|:---------|:---------------------|:-----|
| 0x5E | FADD32 | Addition (`+`) | Fl32 |
| 0x5F | FADD64 | Addition (`+`) | Fl64 |
| 0x60 | FSUB32 | Subtraction (`-`) | Fl32 |
| 0x61 | FSUB64 | Subtraction (`-`) | Fl64 |
| 0x62 | FMUL32 | Multiplication (`*`) | Fl32 |
| 0x63 | FMUL64 | Multiplication (`*`) | Fl64 |
| 0x64 | FDIV32 | Division (`/`) | Fl32 |
| 0x65 | FDIV64 | Division (`/`) | Fl64 |
# Fused multiply-add
- Type: `RRRR`
- Operation: `#0 ← (#1 * #2) + #3`
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type |
|:-------|:---------|:-----|
| 0x66 | FMA32 | Fl32 |
| 0x67 | FMA64 | Fl64 |
# Comparsions
- Type: `RRR`
- Operation: `#0 ← #1 <=> #2`
- Comparsion table same as for `CMPx`/`CMPxI`
- NaN is less-than/greater-than depends on variant
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | NaN is |
|:-------|:---------|:-----|:-------|
| 0x6A | FCMPLT32 | Fl32 | < |
| 0x6B | FCMPLT64 | Fl64 | < |
| 0x6C | FCMPGT32 | Fl32 | > |
| 0x6D | FCMPGT64 | Fl64 | > |
# Int to float
- Type: `RR`
- Converts from `Si64`
- Operation: `#0 ← Fl<SIZE>(#1)`
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type |
|:-------|:---------|:-----|
| 0x6E | ITF32 | Fl32 |
| 0x6F | ITF64 | Fl64 |
# Float to int
- Type: `RRB`
- Operation: `#0 ← Si64(#1)`
- Immediate `$2` specifies rounding mode
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type |
|:-------|:---------|:-----|
| 0x70 | FTI32 | Fl32 |
| 0x71 | FTI64 | Fl64 |
# Fl32 to Fl64
- Type: `RR`
- Operation: `#0 ← Fl64(#1)`
| Opcode | Mnemonic |
|:-------|:---------|
| 0x72 | FC32T64 |
# Fl64 to Fl32
- Type: `RRB`
- Operation: `#0 ← Fl32(#1)`
- Immediate `$2` specified rounding mode
| Opcode | Mnemonic |
|:-------|:---------|
| 0x73 | FC64T32 |
# 16-bit relative address instruction variants
| Opcode | Mnemonic | Type | Variant of |
|:-------|:---------|:-----|:-----------|
| 0x74 | LRA16 | RRP | LRA |
| 0x75 | LDR16 | RRPH | LDR |
| 0x76 | STR16 | RRPH | STR |
| 0x77 | JMP16 | P | JMP |
# psABI
## C datatypes and alignment
- One byte is 8 bits
| C Type | Description | Byte sizes |
|:------------|:-------------------------|:-----------|
| char | Character / byte | 1 |
| short | Short integer | 2 |
| int | Integer | 4 |
| long | Long integer | 8 |
| long long | Long long integer | 8 |
| float | Single-precision float | 4 |
| double | Double-precision float | 8 |
| long double | Extended-precision float | 8 |
- Bikeshedding note: `long double` is now 8 bytes as
the base ISA does not support `f128`. an extension
for that should be made.
## Call convention
- Registers r1 – r31 are caller saved
- Registers r32 – r255 are callee saved
| Register | Description | Saver |
|:-----------|:--------------------|:-------|
| r0 | Hard-wired zero | N/A |
| r1 - r2 | Return values | Caller |
| r2 - r11 | Function parameters | Caller |
| r12 - r30 | General purpose | Caller |
| r31 | Return address | Caller |
| r32 - r253 | General purpose | Callee |
| r254 | Stack pointer | Callee |
| r255 | Thread pointer | N/A |
- If return value is too big to fit r1, r2 is also used.
- Values larger than two double-words are passed by reference

9
xtask/Cargo.toml
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@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
[package]
name = "xtask"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "2021"
[dependencies]
argh = "0.1"
color-eyre = "0.6"
once_cell = "1.18"

93
xtask/src/fmt.rs
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@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
use {
crate::{utils::IterExt, ROOT},
argh::FromArgs,
color_eyre::{eyre::eyre, Result},
std::{
fs::File,
io::{BufRead, BufReader, BufWriter, Seek, Write},
},
};
/// Format `instructions.in`
#[derive(Debug, FromArgs, PartialEq)]
#[argh(subcommand, name = "fmt")]
pub struct Command {
/// renumber instructions in their definition order
#[argh(switch, short = 'r')]
renumber: bool,
}
pub fn command(args: Command) -> Result<()> {
let mut file = File::options()
.read(true)
.write(true)
.open(ROOT.join("hbbytecode/instructions.in"))?;
// Extract records
let reader = BufReader::new(&file);
let mut recs = vec![];
let mut lens = [0_usize; 4];
for rec in reader.split(b';').filter_map(|r| {
r.map(|ln| {
let s = String::from_utf8_lossy(&ln);
let s = s.trim_matches('\n');
if s.is_empty() {
return None;
}
s.split(',')
.map(|s| Box::<str>::from(s.trim()))
.collect_array::<4>()
.map(Ok::<_, ()>)
})
.transpose()
}) {
let rec = rec?.map_err(|_| eyre!("Invalid record format"))?;
for (current, next) in lens.iter_mut().zip(rec.iter()) {
*current = (*current).max(next.len());
}
recs.push(rec);
}
// Clear file!
file.set_len(0)?;
file.seek(std::io::SeekFrom::Start(0))?;
let mut writer = BufWriter::new(file);
let ord_opco_len = digit_count(recs.len()) as usize;
for (n, rec) in recs.iter().enumerate() {
// Write opcode number
if args.renumber {
let n = format!("{n:#04X}");
write!(writer, "{n}, {}", padding(ord_opco_len, &n))?;
} else {
write!(writer, "{}, {}", rec[0], padding(lens[0], &rec[0]))?;
}
// Write other fields
writeln!(
writer,
"{}, {}{},{} {}{};",
rec[1],
padding(lens[1], &rec[1]),
rec[2],
padding(lens[2], &rec[2]),
rec[3],
padding(lens[3], &rec[3]),
)?;
}
Ok(())
}
fn padding(req: usize, s: &str) -> Box<str> {
" ".repeat(req.saturating_sub(s.len())).into()
}
#[inline]
fn digit_count(n: usize) -> u32 {
n.checked_ilog10().unwrap_or(0) + 1
}

25
xtask/src/main.rs
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@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
mod fmt;
mod utils;
use {argh::FromArgs, color_eyre::Result, once_cell::sync::Lazy, std::path::Path};
static ROOT: Lazy<&Path> = Lazy::new(|| Path::new(env!("CARGO_MANIFEST_DIR")).parent().unwrap());
/// xTask for Holey Bytes project
#[derive(FromArgs)]
struct Command {
#[argh(subcommand)]
subcom: Subcommands,
}
#[derive(FromArgs)]
#[argh(subcommand)]
enum Subcommands {
Format(fmt::Command),
}
fn main() -> Result<()> {
match argh::from_env::<Command>().subcom {
Subcommands::Format(com) => fmt::command(com),
}
}

19
xtask/src/utils.rs
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@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
use std::mem::MaybeUninit;
pub trait IterExt: Iterator {
fn collect_array<const N: usize>(&mut self) -> Option<[Self::Item; N]>
where
Self: Sized,
{
let mut array: [MaybeUninit<Self::Item>; N] =
unsafe { MaybeUninit::uninit().assume_init() };
for item in &mut array {
item.write(self.next()?);
}
Some(array.map(|item| unsafe { item.assume_init() }))
}
}
impl<T: Iterator> IterExt for T {}