add terminal printing functions

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "fimg"
-version = "0.4.36"
+version = "0.4.38"
 authors = ["bend-n <bend.n@outlook.com>"]
 license = "MIT"
 edition = "2021"
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ minifb = { version = "0.25.0", default-features = false, features = [
 ], optional = true }
 wgpu = { version = "0.19.1", default-features = false, optional = true }
 atools = "0.1.0"
+qwant = { version = "1.0.0", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 iai = { git = "https://github.com/bend-n/iai.git" }
@@ -59,6 +60,7 @@ scale = ["fr"]
 save = ["png"]
 text = ["fontdue"]
 blur = ["slur"]
+term = ["qwant", "save"]
 real-show = ["minifb", "text"]
 default = ["save", "scale"]
 wgpu-convert = ["dep:wgpu"]

src/lib.rs

@@ -47,15 +47,19 @@
 //! - `real-show`: [`Image::show`], if the `save` feature is enabled, will, by default, simply open the appropriate image viewing program.
 //! if, for some reason, this is inadequate/you dont have a good image viewer, enable the `real-show` feature to make [`Image::show`] open up a window of its own.
 //! without the `real-show` feature, [`Image::show`] will save itself to your temp directory, which you may not want.
+//! - `term`: [`term::print`]. this enables printing images directly to the terminal, if you don't want to open a window or something. supports `{iterm2, kitty, sixel, fallback}` graphics.
 //! - `default`: \[`save`, `scale`\].
 #![feature(
     maybe_uninit_write_slice,
     hint_assert_unchecked,
     slice_swap_unchecked,
     generic_const_exprs,
+    iter_array_chunks,
+    split_at_checked,
     slice_as_chunks,
     unchecked_math,
     slice_flatten,
+    rustc_private,
     portable_simd,
     array_windows,
     doc_auto_cfg,
@@ -73,7 +77,12 @@
     clippy::use_self,
     missing_docs
 )]
-#![allow(clippy::zero_prefixed_literal, incomplete_features)]
+#![allow(
+    clippy::zero_prefixed_literal,
+    mixed_script_confusables,
+    incomplete_features,
+    confusable_idents
+)]
 use std::{hint::assert_unchecked, num::NonZeroU32, ops::Range};
 
 mod affine;
@@ -100,6 +109,8 @@ pub mod pixels;
 pub mod scale;
 #[cfg(any(feature = "save", feature = "real-show"))]
 mod show;
+#[cfg(feature = "term")]
+pub mod term;
 pub use cloner::ImageCloner;
 pub use overlay::{BlendingOverlay, ClonerOverlay, ClonerOverlayAt, Overlay, OverlayAt};
 pub use r#dyn::DynImage;
@@ -600,18 +611,23 @@ impl<const CHANNELS: usize, T: ?Sized> Image<Box<T>, CHANNELS> {
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "save")]
+/// Write a png image.
+pub trait WritePng {
+    /// Write this png image.
+    fn write(&self, f: &mut impl std::io::Write) -> std::io::Result<()>;
+}
+
 /// helper macro for defining the save() method.
 macro_rules! save {
     ($channels:literal == $clr:ident ($clrhuman:literal)) => {
-        impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>> Image<T, $channels> {
+        #[cfg(feature = "save")]
-            #[cfg(feature = "save")]
+        impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>> WritePng for Image<T, $channels> {
             #[doc = "Save this "]
             #[doc = $clrhuman]
             #[doc = " image."]
-            pub fn save(&self, f: impl AsRef<std::path::Path>) {
+            fn write(&self, f: &mut impl std::io::Write) -> std::io::Result<()> {
-                let p = std::fs::File::create(f).unwrap();
+                let mut enc = png::Encoder::new(f, self.width(), self.height());
-                let w = &mut std::io::BufWriter::new(p);
-                let mut enc = png::Encoder::new(w, self.width(), self.height());
                 enc.set_color(png::ColorType::$clr);
                 enc.set_depth(png::BitDepth::Eight);
                 enc.set_source_gamma(png::ScaledFloat::new(1.0 / 2.2));
@@ -621,8 +637,21 @@ macro_rules! save {
                     (0.30000, 0.60000),
                     (0.15000, 0.06000),
                 ));
-                let mut writer = enc.write_header().unwrap();
+                let mut writer = enc.write_header()?;
-                writer.write_image_data(self.bytes()).unwrap();
+                writer.write_image_data(self.bytes())?;
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
+        impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>> Image<T, $channels> {
+            #[cfg(feature = "save")]
+            #[doc = "Save this "]
+            #[doc = $clrhuman]
+            #[doc = " image."]
+            pub fn save(&self, f: impl AsRef<std::path::Path>) {
+                self.write(&mut std::io::BufWriter::new(
+                    std::fs::File::create(f).unwrap(),
+                ))
+                .unwrap();
             }
         }
     };

src/term.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+//! terminal outputs
+//! produces output for any terminal supporting one of the
+//! ```text
+//! Kitty Graphics Protocol
+//! Iterm2 Inline Image Protocol
+//! Sixel Bitmap Graphics Format
+//! ```
+//! with a fallback for dumb terminals.
+//!
+//! the (second?) best way to debug your images.
+mod bloc;
+mod kitty;
+mod sixel;
+
+pub use bloc::Bloc;
+pub use iterm2::Iterm2;
+pub use kitty::Kitty;
+pub use sixel::Sixel;
+use std::fmt::{Result, Write};
+
+use crate::{pixels::convert::PFrom, Image, WritePng};
+
+mod b64;
+mod iterm2;
+
+impl<'a, const N: usize> std::fmt::Display for Image<&'a [u8], N>
+where
+    [u8; 3]: PFrom<N>,
+    [u8; 4]: PFrom<N>,
+    Image<&'a [u8], N>: kitty::Data + WritePng,
+{
+    /// Display an image in the terminal.
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        Display(*self).write(f)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Print an image in the terminal.
+///
+/// This is a wrapper for `print!("{}", term::Display(image))`
+pub fn print<'a, const N: usize>(i: Image<&'a [u8], N>)
+where
+    [u8; 3]: PFrom<N>,
+    [u8; 4]: PFrom<N>,
+    Image<&'a [u8], N>: kitty::Data + WritePng,
+{
+    print!("{}", Display(i))
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+/// Display an image in the terminal.
+/// This type implements [`Display`](std::fmt::Display) and [`Debug`](std::fmt::Debug).
+pub struct Display<'a, const N: usize>(pub Image<&'a [u8], N>);
+
+impl<'a, const N: usize> std::ops::Deref for Display<'a, N> {
+    type Target = Image<&'a [u8], N>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, const N: usize> std::fmt::Display for Display<'a, N>
+where
+    [u8; 4]: PFrom<N>,
+    [u8; 3]: PFrom<N>,
+    Image<&'a [u8], N>: kitty::Data + WritePng,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        self.write(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a, const N: usize> Display<'a, N>
+where
+    [u8; 4]: PFrom<N>,
+    [u8; 3]: PFrom<N>,
+    Image<&'a [u8], N>: kitty::Data + WritePng,
+{
+    /// Write $TERM protocol encoded image data.
+    pub fn write(self, f: &mut impl Write) -> Result {
+        if let Ok(term) = std::env::var("TERM") {
+            match &*term {
+                "mlterm" | "yaft-256color" => return Sixel(*self).write(f),
+                x if x.contains("kitty") => return Kitty(*self).write(f),
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+        if let Ok(term_program) = std::env::var("TERM_PROGRAM") {
+            match &*term_program {
+                "MacTerm" => return Sixel(*self).write(f),
+                "iTerm" | "WezTerm" => return Iterm2(*self).write(f),
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+        if let Ok("iTerm") = std::env::var("LC_TERMINAL").as_deref() {
+            return Iterm2(*self).write(f);
+        }
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        return self.guess_harder(f).unwrap_or_else(|| Bloc(*self).write(f));
+        #[cfg(not(unix))]
+        return Bloc(*self).write(f);
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    // https://github.com/benjajaja/ratatui-image/blob/master/src/picker.rs#L226
+    fn guess_harder(self, to: &mut impl Write) -> Option<Result> {
+        extern crate libc;
+        use std::{io::Read, mem::MaybeUninit};
+
+        fn r(result: i32) -> Option<()> {
+            (result != -1).then_some(())
+        }
+
+        let mut termios = MaybeUninit::<libc::termios>::uninit();
+        // SAFETY: get termios of stdin
+        r(unsafe { libc::tcgetattr(0, termios.as_mut_ptr()) })?;
+        // SAFETY: gotten
+        let termios = unsafe { termios.assume_init() };
+
+        // SAFETY: turn off echo and canonical (requires enter before stdin reads) modes
+        unsafe {
+            libc::tcsetattr(
+                0,
+                libc::TCSADRAIN,
+                &libc::termios {
+                    c_lflag: termios.c_lflag & !libc::ICANON & !libc::ECHO,
+                    ..termios
+                },
+            )
+        };
+        let buf = {
+            // contains a kitty gfx and sixel query, the `\x1b[c` is for sixels
+            println!(r"_Gi=31,s=1,v=1,a=q,t=d,f=24;AAAA\");
+            let mut stdin = std::io::stdin();
+            let mut buf = String::new();
+
+            let mut b = [0; 16];
+            'l: loop {
+                let n = stdin.read(&mut b).ok()?;
+                if n == 0 {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                for b in b {
+                    buf.push(b as char);
+                    if b == b'c' {
+                        break 'l;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            buf
+        };
+
+        // SAFETY: reset attrs to what they were before we became nosy
+        unsafe { libc::tcsetattr(0, libc::TCSADRAIN, &termios) };
+
+        if buf.contains("_Gi=31;OK") {
+            Some(Kitty(*self).write(to))
+        } else if buf.contains(";4;")
+            || buf.contains("?4;")
+            || buf.contains(";4c")
+            || buf.contains("?4c")
+        {
+            Some(Sixel(*self).write(to))
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}

src/term/b64.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#[test]
+fn b64() {
+    fn t(i: &'static str, o: &'static str) {
+        let mut x = vec![];
+        encode(i.as_bytes(), &mut x).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(x, o.as_bytes());
+    }
+
+    t("Hello World!", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQh");
+    t("Hello World", "SGVsbG8gV29ybGQ=");
+}
+
+pub fn encode(mut input: &[u8], output: &mut impl std::io::Write) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    const Α: &[u8; 64] = b"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+    while let [a, b, c, rest @ ..] = input {
+        let α = ((*a as usize) << 16) | ((*b as usize) << 8) | *c as usize;
+        output.write_all(&[
+            Α[α >> 18],
+            Α[(α >> 12) & 0x3F],
+            Α[(α >> 6) & 0x3F],
+            Α[α & 0x3F],
+        ])?;
+        input = rest;
+    }
+    if !input.is_empty() {
+        let mut α = (input[0] as usize) << 16;
+        if input.len() > 1 {
+            α |= (input[1] as usize) << 8;
+        }
+        output.write_all(&[Α[α >> 18], Α[α >> 12 & 0x3F]])?;
+        if input.len() > 1 {
+            output.write_all(&[Α[α >> 6 & 0x3f]])?;
+        } else {
+            output.write_all(&[b'='])?;
+        }
+        output.write_all(&[b'='])?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+pub const fn size(of: &[u8]) -> usize {
+    let use_pad = of.len() % 3 != 0;
+    if use_pad {
+        4 * (of.len() / 3 + 1)
+    } else {
+        4 * (of.len() / 3)
+    }
+}

src/term/bloc.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+use crate::{pixels::convert::PFrom, Image};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter, Result, Write};
+
+/// Colored `▀`s. The simple, stupid solution.
+/// May be too big for your terminal.
+pub struct Bloc<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize>(pub Image<T, N>);
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> std::ops::Deref for Bloc<T, N> {
+    type Target = Image<T, N>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> Display for Bloc<T, N>
+where
+    [u8; 3]: PFrom<N>,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        self.write(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> Debug for Bloc<T, N>
+where
+    [u8; 3]: PFrom<N>,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        self.write(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> Bloc<T, N>
+where
+    [u8; 3]: PFrom<N>,
+{
+    /// Write out halfblocks.
+    pub fn write(&self, to: &mut impl Write) -> Result {
+        macro_rules! c {
+            (fg $fg:expr, bg $bg:expr) => {{
+                let [fr, fg, fb] = $fg;
+                let [br, bg, bb] = $bg;
+                write!(to, "\x1b[38;2;{fr};{fg};{fb};48;2;{br};{bg};{bb}m▀")?;
+            }};
+        }
+        // TODO: scale 2 fit
+        for [a, b] in self
+            .flatten()
+            .chunks_exact(self.width() as _)
+            .map(|x| x.iter().copied().map(<[u8; 3] as PFrom<N>>::pfrom))
+            .array_chunks::<2>()
+        {
+            for (a, b) in a.zip(b) {
+                c! { fg a, bg b };
+            }
+            writeln!(to)?;
+        }
+        write!(to, "\x1b[0m")?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test() {
+    let x = Image::<_, 3>::open("tdata/small_cat.png");
+    use std::hash::Hasher;
+    let mut h = std::hash::DefaultHasher::new();
+    h.write(Bloc(x).to_string().as_bytes());
+    assert_eq!(h.finish(), 0x6546104ffee16f77);
+}

src/term/iterm2.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+use super::b64;
+use crate::{Image, WritePng};
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter, Result, Write};
+
+/// Outputs [Iterm2 Inline image protocol](https://iterm2.com/documentation-images.html) encoded data.
+pub struct Iterm2<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize>(pub Image<T, N>);
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> std::ops::Deref for Iterm2<T, N> {
+    type Target = Image<T, N>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> Display for Iterm2<T, N>
+where
+    Image<T, N>: WritePng,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        self.write(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> Debug for Iterm2<T, N>
+where
+    Image<T, N>: WritePng,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        self.write(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> Iterm2<T, N>
+where
+    Image<T, N>: WritePng,
+{
+    /// Write out kitty gfx data.
+    pub fn write(&self, to: &mut impl Write) -> Result {
+        let mut d = Vec::with_capacity(1024);
+        WritePng::write(&**self, &mut d).unwrap();
+        let mut e = Vec::with_capacity(b64::size(&d));
+        b64::encode(&d, &mut e).unwrap();
+        writeln!(
+            to,
+            "]1337;File=inline=1;preserveAspectRatio=1;size={}:{}",
+            d.len(),
+            // SAFETY: b64
+            unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(&e) }
+        )?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test() {
+    let x = Image::<_, 3>::open("tdata/small_cat.png");
+    use std::hash::Hasher;
+    let mut h = std::hash::DefaultHasher::new();
+    h.write(Iterm2(x).to_string().as_bytes());
+    assert_eq!(h.finish(), 0x32e81fb3cea8336f);
+}

src/term/kitty.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+use super::b64;
+use crate::Image;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter, Result, Write};
+
+/// Outputs [Kitty Graphics Protocol](https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/graphics-protocol) encoded data.
+pub struct Kitty<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize>(pub Image<T, N>);
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> std::ops::Deref for Kitty<T, N> {
+    type Target = Image<T, N>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> Display for Kitty<T, N>
+where
+    Image<T, N>: Data,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        self.write(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> Debug for Kitty<T, N>
+where
+    Image<T, N>: Data,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        self.write(f)
+    }
+}
+
+mod seal {
+    pub trait Sealed {}
+}
+use seal::Sealed;
+
+pub trait Data: Sealed {
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    fn get(&self) -> (Cow<[u8]>, &'static str);
+}
+macro_rules! imp {
+    ($n:literal, $f:expr) => {
+        impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>> Sealed for Image<T, $n> {}
+        impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>> Data for Image<T, $n> {
+            fn get(&self) -> (Cow<[u8]>, &'static str) {
+                const fn castor<
+                    T: AsRef<[u8]>,
+                    F: FnMut(&Image<T, $n>) -> (Cow<[u8]>, &'static str),
+                >(
+                    f: F,
+                ) -> F {
+                    f
+                }
+                castor($f)(self)
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+imp! { 4, |x| (Cow::from(x.bytes()), "32") }
+imp! { 3, |x| (Cow::from(x.bytes()), "24") }
+imp! { 2, |x| (Cow::Owned(<Image<Box<[u8]>, 3>>::from(x.as_ref()).take_buffer().to_vec()), "24") }
+imp! { 1, |x| (Cow::Owned(<Image<Box<[u8]>, 3>>::from(x.as_ref()).take_buffer().to_vec()), "24") }
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> Kitty<T, N> {
+    /// Write out kitty gfx data.
+    pub fn write(&self, to: &mut impl Write) -> Result
+    where
+        Image<T, N>: Data,
+    {
+        let (bytes, dtype) = self.get();
+        let (w, h) = (self.width(), self.height());
+
+        let mut enc = Vec::with_capacity(b64::size(&bytes));
+        b64::encode(&bytes, &mut enc).unwrap();
+        let mut chunks = enc
+            .chunks(4096)
+            // SAFETY: b64
+            .map(|x| unsafe { std::str::from_utf8_unchecked(x) });
+
+        let last = chunks.len();
+        const H: &str = "_G";
+        const MORE: &str = "m";
+
+        const DISPLAY: char = 'T';
+        const ACTION: char = 'a';
+        const DATATYPE: char = 'f';
+        const TYPE: char = 't';
+        const DIRECT: char = 'd';
+
+        const E: &str = r"\";
+
+        let payload = chunks.next().unwrap();
+        let more = (last > 1) as u8;
+        write!(to, "{H}{DATATYPE}={dtype},{ACTION}={DISPLAY},{TYPE}={DIRECT},s={w},v={h},{MORE}={more};{payload}{E}")?;
+
+        for (payload, i) in chunks.zip(2..) {
+            let more = (i != last) as u8;
+            write!(to, "{H}{MORE}={more};{payload}{E}")?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test() {
+    let x = Image::<_, 3>::open("tdata/cat.png");
+    use std::hash::Hasher;
+    let mut h = std::hash::DefaultHasher::new();
+    h.write(Kitty(x).to_string().as_bytes());
+    assert_eq!(h.finish(), 0x1cc13114bcf3cc3);
+}

src/term/sixel.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter, Result, Write};
+
+use crate::{pixels::convert::PFrom, Image};
+
+/// Outputs [sixel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixel) encoded data in its [`Display`] and [`Debug`] implementations, for easy visual debugging.
+pub struct Sixel<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize>(pub Image<T, N>);
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> std::ops::Deref for Sixel<T, N> {
+    type Target = Image<T, N>;
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        &self.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> Display for Sixel<T, N>
+where
+    [u8; 4]: PFrom<N>,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        self.write(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> Debug for Sixel<T, N>
+where
+    [u8; 4]: PFrom<N>,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result {
+        self.write(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<T: AsRef<[u8]>, const N: usize> Sixel<T, N> {
+    /// Write out sixel data.
+    pub fn write(&self, to: &mut impl Write) -> Result
+    where
+        [u8; 4]: PFrom<N>,
+    {
+        to.write_str("Pq")?;
+        write!(to, r#""1;1;{};{}"#, self.width(), self.height())?;
+        let buf;
+        let rgba = if N == 4 {
+            // SAFETY: buffer cannot have half pixels (cant use flatten bcoz N)
+            unsafe { self.buffer().as_ref().as_chunks_unchecked() }
+        } else {
+            buf = self
+                .chunked()
+                .copied()
+                .map(<[u8; 4] as PFrom<N>>::pfrom)
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            &*buf
+        };
+
+        let q = qwant::NeuQuant::new(15, 255, rgba);
+        // TODO: don't colllect
+        let pixels: Vec<u8> = rgba.iter().map(|&pix| q.index_of(pix) as u8).collect();
+
+        for ([r, g, b], i) in q
+            .color_map_rgb()
+            .map(|x| x.map(|x| (x as f32 * (100. / 255.)) as u32))
+            .zip(0u8..)
+        {
+            write!(to, "#{i};2;{r};{g};{b}")?;
+        }
+        for sixel_row in pixels.chunks_exact(self.width() as usize * 6).map(|x| {
+            let mut x = x
+                .iter()
+                .zip(0u32..)
+                .map(|(&p, j)| (p, (j % self.width(), j / self.width())))
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            x.sort_unstable();
+            x
+        }) {
+            // extracted
+            for samples in Grouped(&sixel_row, |r| r.0) {
+                write!(to, "#{}", samples[0].0)?;
+                let mut last = -1;
+                for (x, byte) in Grouped(samples, |(_, (x, _))| x).map(|v| {
+                    (
+                        v[0].1 .0 as i32,
+                        v.iter()
+                            .map(|&(_, (_, y))| (1 << y))
+                            .fold(0, |acc, x| acc | x),
+                    )
+                }) {
+                    if last + 1 != x {
+                        write!(to, "!{}?", x - last - 1)?;
+                    }
+                    to.write_char((byte + b'?') as char)?;
+                    last = x;
+                }
+
+                write!(to, "$")?;
+            }
+            write!(to, "-")?;
+        }
+        write!(to, r"\")?;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+struct Grouped<'a, K: Eq, T, F: Fn(T) -> K>(&'a [T], F);
+impl<'a, K: Eq, T: Copy, F: Fn(T) -> K> Iterator for Grouped<'a, K, T, F> {
+    type Item = &'a [T];
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        self.0.first()?;
+        self.0
+            .split_at_checked(
+                self.0
+                    .array_windows::<2>()
+                    .take_while(|&&[a, b]| (self.1)(a) == (self.1)(b))
+                    .count()
+                    + 1,
+            )
+            .inspect(|(_, t)| self.0 = t)
+            .map(|(h, _)| h)
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test() {
+    assert_eq!(
+        Sixel(Image::<Vec<u8>, 3>::open("tdata/small_cat.png")).to_string(),
+        include_str!("../../tdata/small_cat.six")
+    );
+}

src/uninit.rs

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ impl<T: Copy, const CHANNELS: usize> Image<T, CHANNELS> {
         let dat = unsafe { self.slice(i) };
         // SAFETY: caller
         unsafe { assert_unchecked(dat.len() == data.len()) };
-        MaybeUninit::write_slice(dat, data);
+        MaybeUninit::copy_from_slice(dat, data);
     }
 
     /// Slice the image.

src/wgpu_convert.rs

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl Image<Box<[u8]>, 4> {
             .chunks_exact(pad)
             .zip(out.buf().chunks_exact_mut(row))
         {
-            ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::write_slice(pixels, &padded[..row]);
+            ::core::mem::MaybeUninit::copy_from_slice(pixels, &padded[..row]);
         }
 
         unsafe { out.assume_init().boxed() }