a touch more fiddling

Cargo.lock

@@ -166,15 +166,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "windows-targets",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "convert_case"
-version = "0.6.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "ec182b0ca2f35d8fc196cf3404988fd8b8c739a4d270ff118a398feb0cbec1ca"
-dependencies = [
- "unicode-segmentation",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation-sys"
 version = "0.8.7"
@@ -211,7 +202,6 @@ version = "1.0.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "cb7330aeadfbe296029522e6c40f315320aba36fc43a5b3632f3795348f3bd22"
 dependencies = [
- "convert_case",
  "proc-macro2",
  "quote",
  "syn",
@@ -391,17 +381,17 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "hbbytecode"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git#e8a5027cab7ce008dbb0964fe0522c8fef585979"
+source = "git+https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git#67b8ffe2f223629850c293858abbb0cc5337a850"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hbbytecode"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/holey-bytes#e8a5027cab7ce008dbb0964fe0522c8fef585979"
+source = "git+https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/holey-bytes#67b8ffe2f223629850c293858abbb0cc5337a850"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hblang"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git#e8a5027cab7ce008dbb0964fe0522c8fef585979"
+source = "git+https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git#67b8ffe2f223629850c293858abbb0cc5337a850"
 dependencies = [
  "hbvm 0.1.0 (git+https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git)",
 ]
@@ -409,7 +399,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "hbvm"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git#e8a5027cab7ce008dbb0964fe0522c8fef585979"
+source = "git+https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git#67b8ffe2f223629850c293858abbb0cc5337a850"
 dependencies = [
  "hbbytecode 0.1.0 (git+https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git)",
 ]
@@ -417,7 +407,7 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "hbvm"
 version = "0.1.0"
-source = "git+https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/holey-bytes#e8a5027cab7ce008dbb0964fe0522c8fef585979"
+source = "git+https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/holey-bytes#67b8ffe2f223629850c293858abbb0cc5337a850"
 dependencies = [
  "hbbytecode 0.1.0 (git+https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/holey-bytes)",
 ]
@@ -507,9 +497,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "hyper-util"
-version = "0.1.7"
+version = "0.1.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cde7055719c54e36e95e8719f95883f22072a48ede39db7fc17a4e1d5281e9b9"
+checksum = "da62f120a8a37763efb0cf8fdf264b884c7b8b9ac8660b900c8661030c00e6ba"
 dependencies = [
  "bytes",
  "futures-channel",
@@ -594,16 +584,14 @@ name = "kernel"
 version = "0.2.0"
 dependencies = [
  "crossbeam-queue",
+ "crossbeam-utils",
  "derive_more",
  "embedded-graphics",
  "hashbrown",
  "hbvm 0.1.0 (git+https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/holey-bytes)",
- "kiam",
  "limine",
  "log",
- "rdrand",
  "sbi",
- "slab",
  "spin",
  "uart_16550",
  "versioning",
@@ -613,12 +601,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "xml",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "kiam"
-version = "0.1.1"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "cb0fc32485e41ae5e9dedd1442f36dec998431adc9f321224c2c5d645f38fdcb"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "lazy_static"
 version = "1.5.0"
@@ -907,15 +889,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "rdrand"
-version = "0.8.3"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d92195228612ac8eed47adbc2ed0f04e513a4ccb98175b6f2bd04d963b533655"
-dependencies = [
- "rand_core",
-]
-
 [[package]]
 name = "regex-syntax"
 version = "0.8.4"
@@ -1046,9 +1019,9 @@ checksum = "fc0a2ce646f8655401bb81e7927b812614bd5d91dbc968696be50603510fcaf0"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "rustls-webpki"
-version = "0.102.7"
+version = "0.102.8"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "84678086bd54edf2b415183ed7a94d0efb049f1b646a33e22a36f3794be6ae56"
+checksum = "64ca1bc8749bd4cf37b5ce386cc146580777b4e8572c7b97baf22c83f444bee9"
 dependencies = [
  "ring",
  "rustls-pki-types",
@@ -1389,12 +1362,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "tinyvec",
 ]
 
-[[package]]
-name = "unicode-segmentation"
-version = "1.11.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "d4c87d22b6e3f4a18d4d40ef354e97c90fcb14dd91d7dc0aa9d8a1172ebf7202"
-
 [[package]]
 name = "unicode-xid"
 version = "0.2.5"

kernel/Cargo.toml

@@ -9,13 +9,11 @@ embedded-graphics = "0.8"
 hbvm.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/holey-bytes"
 log = "0.4"
 spin = "0.9"
-uart_16550 = "0.3"
+uart_16550 = { version = "0.3", features = ["nightly"] }
-slab = { version = "0.4", default-features = false }
 xml.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
 versioning.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
 # able_graphics_library.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
-hashbrown = "0.14"
+hashbrown = { version = "0.14", features = ["nightly"] }
-kiam = "0.1"
 
 [dependencies.limine]
 version = "0.1"
@@ -24,7 +22,11 @@ version = "0.1"
 [dependencies.crossbeam-queue]
 version = "0.3"
 default-features = false
-features = ["alloc"]
+features = ["alloc", "nightly"]
+
+[dependencies.crossbeam-utils]
+version = "0.8"
+default-features = false
 
 # [dependencies.clparse]
 # git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
@@ -51,9 +53,6 @@ features = [
 x86_64 = "0.15"
 x2apic = "0.4"
 virtio-drivers = "0.7"
-# rdrand = "*"
-rdrand = { version = "0.8", default-features = false }
-
 
 [target.'cfg(target_arch = "riscv64")'.dependencies]
 sbi = "0.2.0"

kernel/src/arch/riscv64/memory.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 use core::num;
 
-use alloc::boxed::Box;
+use {
-use spin::{Mutex, Once};
+    crate::memory::{MemoryManager, PhysicalAddress, VirtualAddress},
-use crate::memory::{MemoryManager, PhysicalAddress, VirtualAddress};
+    alloc::boxed::Box,
+    spin::{Mutex, Once},
+};
 
 use super::PAGE_SIZE;
 
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ impl PageSize {
 }
 
 pub struct PageTable {
-    entries: [PageEntry; 512]
+    entries: [PageEntry; 512],
 }
 
 impl PageTable {
@@ -72,8 +74,14 @@ impl PageTable {
     /// flags MUST include one or more of the following:
     ///   Read, Write, Execute
     /// The valid bit automatically gets added
-    pub fn map(&mut self, vaddr: VirtualAddress, paddr: PhysicalAddress, flags: PageEntryFlags, page_size: PageSize) {
+    pub fn map(
-        assert!(flags as usize & 0xe != 0);
+        &mut self,
+        vaddr: VirtualAddress,
+        paddr: PhysicalAddress,
+        flags: PageEntryFlags,
+        page_size: PageSize,
+    ) {
+        assert!(flags as usize & 0xE != 0);
 
         let vpn = vaddr.vpns();
         let ppn = paddr.ppns();
@@ -105,14 +113,24 @@ impl PageTable {
     }
 
     /// Identity maps a page of memory
-    pub fn identity_map(&mut self, addr: PhysicalAddress, flags: PageEntryFlags, page_size: PageSize) {
+    pub fn identity_map(
+        &mut self,
+        addr: PhysicalAddress,
+        flags: PageEntryFlags,
+        page_size: PageSize,
+    ) {
         // log::debug!("identity mapped {addr}");
         self.map(addr.as_addr().into(), addr, flags, page_size);
     }
 
     /// Identity maps a range of contiguous memory
     /// This assumes that start <= end
-    pub fn identity_map_range(&mut self, start: PhysicalAddress, end: PhysicalAddress, flags: PageEntryFlags) {
+    pub fn identity_map_range(
+        &mut self,
+        start: PhysicalAddress,
+        end: PhysicalAddress,
+        flags: PageEntryFlags,
+    ) {
         log::debug!("start: {start}, end: {end}");
         let mut mem_addr = start.as_addr() & !(PAGE_SIZE - 1);
         let num_pages = (align_val(end.as_addr(), 12) - mem_addr - 1) / PAGE_SIZE + 1;
@@ -228,7 +246,7 @@ impl PageEntry {
     }
 
     fn addr(&self) -> PhysicalAddress {
-        ((self.entry() as usize & !0x3ff) << 2).into()
+        ((self.entry() as usize & !0x3FF) << 2).into()
     }
 
     fn destroy(&mut self) {

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-use {crate::bootmodules::BootModule, core::arch::asm, log::warn, rdrand::RdSeed};
+use core::arch::x86_64::{_rdrand32_step, _rdrand64_step, _rdseed32_step, _rdseed64_step};
+
+use {crate::bootmodules::BootModule, core::arch::asm, log::warn};
 pub mod memory;
 
 mod cpuid;
@@ -189,62 +191,43 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn start() -> ! {
     )
 }
 
+use crossbeam_utils::Backoff;
+
 /// Spin loop
 pub fn spin_loop() -> ! {
+    let backoff = Backoff::new();
     loop {
-        x86_64::instructions::hlt();
+        core::hint::spin_loop();
+        // x86_64::instructions::hlt();
+        backoff.spin()
     }
 }
 
 pub fn hardware_random_u64() -> u64 {
-    use {log::trace, rdrand::RdRand};
+    let mut out: u64 = 0;
-    let gen = RdRand::new();
+    match unsafe { _rdrand64_step(&mut out) } {
-    match gen {
+        1 => out,
-        Ok(gen) => {
+        _ => {
-            let ret = gen.try_next_u64().unwrap();
-            trace!("Random {}", ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        Err(_) => {
             warn!("RDRand not supported.");
             // Try rdseed
-            let gen = RdSeed::new();
+            match unsafe { _rdseed64_step(&mut out) } {
-            match gen {
+                1 => out,
-                Ok(gen) => {
+                _ => panic!("Neither RDRand or RDSeed are supported"),
-                    let ret = gen.try_next_u64().unwrap();
-                    trace!("Random {}", ret);
-                    return ret;
-                }
-                Err(_) => {
-                    panic!("Neither RDRand or RDSeed are supported")
-                }
             }
         }
     }
 }
 
 pub fn hardware_random_u32() -> u32 {
-    use {log::trace, rdrand::RdRand};
+    let mut out: u32 = 0;
-    let gen = RdRand::new();
+    match unsafe { _rdrand32_step(&mut out) } {
-    match gen {
+        1 => out,
-        Ok(gen) => {
+        _ => {
-            let ret = gen.try_next_u32().unwrap();
-            trace!("Random {}", ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        Err(_) => {
             warn!("RDRand not supported.");
             // Try rdseed
-            let gen = RdSeed::new();
+            match unsafe { _rdseed32_step(&mut out) } {
-            match gen {
+                1 => out,
-                Ok(gen) => {
+                _ => panic!("Neither RDRand or RDSeed are supported"),
-                    let ret = gen.try_next_u32().unwrap();
-                    trace!("Random {}", ret);
-                    return ret;
-                }
-                Err(_) => {
-                    panic!("Neither RDRand or RDSeed are supported")
-                }
             }
         }
     }

kernel/src/holeybytes/mod.rs

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ impl<'p> Drop for ExecThread<'p> {
 
 impl<'p> Future for ExecThread<'p> {
     type Output = Result<(), VmRunError>;
-
+    #[inline(always)]
     fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
         match self.vm.run() {
             Err(err) => {
@@ -110,10 +110,12 @@ impl HandlePageFault for PageFaultHandler {
     }
 }
 
+#[inline(always)]
 const fn stack_layout() -> Layout {
     unsafe { Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(STACK_SIZE, 4096) }
 }
 
+#[inline(always)]
 fn allocate_stack() -> NonNull<u8> {
     let layout = stack_layout();
     NonNull::new(unsafe { alloc::alloc::alloc_zeroed(layout) })

kernel/src/kmain.rs

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ pub fn kmain(_cmdline: &str, boot_modules: BootModules) -> ! {
         fb1.address.as_ptr().unwrap() as *const u8
     );
 
-    let mut executor = crate::task::Executor::default();
+    let mut executor = crate::task::Executor::new(256);
     let bm_take = boot_modules.len();
     unsafe {
         for module in boot_modules.into_iter().take(bm_take) {
@@ -80,16 +80,17 @@ pub fn kmain(_cmdline: &str, boot_modules: BootModules) -> ! {
 
             log::info!("Spawning {} with arguments \"{}\"", module.path, cmd);
 
-            executor.spawn(async move {
+            executor
+                .spawn(async move {
                     let mut thr = ExecThread::new(&module.bytes, Address::new(0));
                     if cmd_len > 0 {
                         thr.set_arguments(cmd.as_bytes().as_ptr() as u64, cmd_len);
                     }
-
                     if let Err(e) = thr.await {
                         log::error!("{e:?}");
                     }
-            });
+                })
+                .unwrap();
         }
 
         info!("Random number: {}", hardware_random_u64());

kernel/src/task.rs

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
-#![allow(unused)]
-
 use {
     alloc::{boxed::Box, sync::Arc, task::Wake},
     core::{
         future::Future,
         pin::Pin,
+        sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering},
         task::{Context, Poll, Waker},
     },
     crossbeam_queue::SegQueue,
-    hashbrown::HashMap,
+    crossbeam_utils::CachePadded,
-    slab::Slab,
-    spin::Mutex,
 };
 
+use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
 pub fn yield_now() -> impl Future<Output = ()> {
     struct YieldNow(bool);
     impl Future for YieldNow {
         type Output = ();
 
+        #[inline(always)]
         fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
             if self.0 {
                 Poll::Ready(())
@@ -34,52 +34,70 @@ pub fn yield_now() -> impl Future<Output = ()> {
 
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct Executor {
-    tasks:  Slab<Task>,
+    tasks:      Vec<CachePadded<TaskSlot>>,
-    queue:  Arc<SegQueue<TaskId>>,
+    task_queue: Arc<TaskQueue>,
-    wakers: HashMap<TaskId, Waker>, // Keeping HashMap as it is more performant for lookups.
+    max_tasks:  usize,
 }
 
 impl Executor {
-    pub fn new() -> Self {
+    pub fn new(max_tasks: usize) -> Self {
         Self {
-            tasks:  Slab::new(),
+            tasks: (0..max_tasks)
-            queue:  Arc::new(SegQueue::new()),
+                .map(|_| CachePadded::new(TaskSlot::default()))
-            wakers: HashMap::new(),
+                .collect(),
+            task_queue: Arc::new(TaskQueue::new(max_tasks)),
+            max_tasks,
         }
     }
 
-    pub fn spawn(&mut self, future: impl Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static) {
+    pub fn spawn(&mut self, future: impl Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static) -> Result<(), ()> {
-        let task_id = TaskId(self.tasks.insert(Task::new(future)));
+        let task_id = self.task_queue.allocate_task_id().ok_or(())?;
-        self.queue.push(task_id);
+        self.tasks[task_id.0].lock.replace(Task::new(future));
+        self.task_queue.push(task_id);
+        Ok(())
     }
 
     pub fn run(&mut self) {
+        let mut task_batch = Vec::with_capacity(16);
+
         loop {
-            while let Some(id) = self.queue.pop() {
+            self.task_queue.batch_pop(&mut task_batch);
-                if let Some(task) = self.tasks.get_mut(id.0) {
+            if task_batch.is_empty() {
-                    let waker = self.wakers.entry(id).or_insert_with(|| {
+                if self.task_queue.is_empty() {
-                        Waker::from(Arc::new(TaskWaker {
+                    break;
-                            id,
+                } else {
-                            queue: Arc::clone(&self.queue),
+                    continue;
-                        }))
+                }
+            }
+
+            for id in task_batch.drain(..) {
+                let task_slot = &mut self.tasks[id.0];
+
+                let mut task_opt = task_slot.lock.take();
+                if let Some(task) = &mut task_opt {
+                    let waker = task_slot.waker.get_or_insert_with(|| {
+                        Arc::new(TaskWaker::new(id, Arc::clone(&self.task_queue)))
                     });
 
-                    let mut cx = Context::from_waker(waker);
+                    let waker = Waker::from(Arc::clone(waker));
+                    let mut cx = Context::from_waker(&waker);
 
                     if let Poll::Ready(()) = task.poll(&mut cx) {
-                        self.tasks.remove(id.0);
+                        task_slot.waker = None;
-                        self.wakers.remove(&id);
+                        self.task_queue.free_task_id(id);
-                    }
                     } else {
-                    panic!("Attempted to get task from empty slot: {}", id.0);
+                        task_slot.lock.replace(task_opt.take().unwrap());
                     }
                 }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
 
-            if self.tasks.is_empty() {
+#[derive(Default)]
-                break;
+struct TaskSlot {
-            }
+    lock:  Option<Task>,
-        }
+    waker: Option<Arc<TaskWaker>>,
-    }
 }
 
 struct Task {
@@ -87,33 +105,97 @@ struct Task {
 }
 
 impl Task {
+    #[inline(always)]
     pub fn new(future: impl Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static) -> Self {
-        log::trace!("New task scheduled");
         Self {
             future: Box::pin(future),
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     fn poll(&mut self, cx: &mut Context) -> Poll<()> {
         self.future.as_mut().poll(cx)
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Hash, Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 struct TaskId(usize);
 
 struct TaskWaker {
     id: TaskId,
-    queue: Arc<SegQueue<TaskId>>,
+    task_queue: Arc<TaskQueue>,
+}
+
+impl TaskWaker {
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn new(id: TaskId, task_queue: Arc<TaskQueue>) -> Self {
+        Self { id, task_queue }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Wake for TaskWaker {
+    #[inline(always)]
     fn wake(self: Arc<Self>) {
-        log::trace!("Woke Task-{:?}", self.id);
+        self.task_queue.push(self.id);
-        self.queue.push(self.id);
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     fn wake_by_ref(self: &Arc<Self>) {
-        self.queue.push(self.id);
+        self.task_queue.push(self.id);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct TaskQueue {
+    queue:      SegQueue<TaskId>,
+    next_task:  AtomicUsize,
+    max_tasks:  usize,
+    free_tasks: SegQueue<TaskId>,
+}
+
+impl TaskQueue {
+    fn new(max_tasks: usize) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            queue: SegQueue::new(),
+            next_task: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+            max_tasks,
+            free_tasks: SegQueue::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn allocate_task_id(&self) -> Option<TaskId> {
+        self.free_tasks.pop().or_else(|| {
+            let id = self.next_task.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+            if id < self.max_tasks {
+                Some(TaskId(id))
+            } else {
+                None
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn free_task_id(&self, id: TaskId) {
+        self.free_tasks.push(id);
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn push(&self, id: TaskId) {
+        self.queue.push(id);
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn batch_pop(&self, output: &mut Vec<TaskId>) {
+        while let Some(id) = self.queue.pop() {
+            output.push(id);
+            if output.len() >= output.capacity() {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.queue.is_empty()
     }
 }

repbuild/Cargo.toml

@@ -5,7 +5,18 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 str-reader = "0.1"
-derive_more = { version = "1", features = ["full"] }
+derive_more = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = [
+  "add",
+  "add_assign",
+  "constructor",
+  "display",
+  "from",
+  "into",
+  "mul",
+  "mul_assign",
+  "not",
+  "sum",
+] }
 error-stack = "0.5"
 fatfs = "0.3"
 toml = "0.8"

repbuild/src/main.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#![allow(unused)]
+// #![allow(unused)]
 
 mod dev;
 
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ TERM_BACKDROP={}
         let modules = value.get_mut("modules").unwrap().as_table_mut().unwrap();
         // let mut real_modules = modules.clone();
 
-        modules.into_iter().for_each(|(key, value)| {
+        modules.into_iter().for_each(|(_, value)| {
             if value.is_table() {
                 let path = get_path_without_boot_prefix(
                     value.get("path").expect("You must have `path` as a value"),
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ TERM_BACKDROP={}
     let bootdir = fs.root_dir().create_dir("efi")?.create_dir("boot")?;
 
     let mut f = fs.root_dir().create_file("limine.cfg")?;
-    let a = f.write(limine_str.as_bytes())?;
+    let _ = f.write(limine_str.as_bytes())?;
     drop(f);
 
     io::copy(
@@ -446,6 +446,7 @@ enum Target {
     Aarch64,
 }
 
+#[allow(unused)]
 #[derive(Debug, Display)]
 enum Error {
     #[display("Failed to build the kernel")]
@@ -466,6 +467,7 @@ enum Error {
 
 impl Context for Error {}
 
+#[allow(dead_code)]
 fn fmt_qemu_err(e: Option<i32>) -> impl Display {
     struct W(Option<i32>);
     impl Display for W {

sysdata/libraries/render/src/software.hb

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ fb_width := 1024
 fb_height := 768
 fb_pixels := fb_width * fb_height
 fb_bytes := fb_pixels << 2
-copy_pixels := math.min(0x1800, fb_bytes) >> 2
+copy_pixels := math.min(0xC000, fb_bytes) >> 2
 partitions := fb_pixels / copy_pixels
 total_pages := 1 + fb_bytes >> 12
 
@@ -51,12 +51,22 @@ create_back_buffer := fn(): ^Color {
 
 clear := fn(color: Color): void {
 	n := 0
-	loop if n >= copy_pixels break else {
+	loop if n == 512 break else {
 		*(back_buffer + n) = color
 		n += 1
 	}
 	n = 1
-	loop if n >= partitions break else {
+	loop if n == 8 break else {
+		*(@as(^[Color; 512], @bitcast(back_buffer)) + n) = *@as(^[Color; 512], @bitcast(back_buffer))
+		n += 1
+	}
+	n = 1
+	loop if n == copy_pixels >> 12 break else {
+		*(@as(^[Color; 4096], @bitcast(back_buffer)) + n) = *@as(^[Color; 4096], @bitcast(back_buffer))
+		n += 1
+	}
+	n = 1
+	loop if n == partitions break else {
 		*(@as(^[Color; copy_pixels], @bitcast(back_buffer)) + n) = *@as(^[Color; copy_pixels], @bitcast(back_buffer))
 		n += 1
 	}
@@ -65,7 +75,7 @@ clear := fn(color: Color): void {
 
 sync := fn(): void {
 	n := 0
-	loop if n >= partitions break else {
+	loop if n == partitions break else {
 		*(@as(^[Color; copy_pixels], @bitcast(front_buffer)) + n) = *(@as(^[Color; copy_pixels], @bitcast(back_buffer)) + n)
 		n += 1
 	}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/main.hb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.{example} := @use("./examples/lines.hb")
+.{example} := @use("./examples/amogus.hb")
 
 main := fn(): void {
 	@inline(example)