From fa0e5239ac664827248e573fc7f14925a73dbd60 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mlokr Date: Thu, 20 Jun 2024 11:18:36 +0200 Subject: [PATCH] cleaning up the docs --- hblang/README.md | 382 +++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------- 1 file changed, 205 insertions(+), 177 deletions(-) diff --git a/hblang/README.md b/hblang/README.md index 966e4585..1a996091 100644 --- a/hblang/README.md +++ b/hblang/README.md @@ -1,8 +1,26 @@ # HERE SHALL THE DOCUMENTATION RESIDE -### Examples +## Enforced Political Views -Examples are also used in tests, to and an example that runs during testing add: +- worse is better +- less is more +- embrace `unsafe {}` +- adhere `macro_rules!` +- pessimization == death (put in `std::pin::Pin` and left with hungry crabs) +- importing external dependencies == death (`fn(dependencies) -> ExecutionStrategy`) +- above sell not be disputed, discussed, or questioned + +## What hblang is + +Holey-Bytes-Language (hblang for short) (*.hb) is the only true language targeting hbvm byte code. hblang is low level, manually managed, and procedural. Its rumored to be better then writing hbasm and you should probably use it for complex applications. + +## What hblang isnt't + +hblang knows what it isn't, because it knows what it is, hblang computes this by sub... + +## Examples + +Examples are also used in tests. To add an example that runs during testing add: 
 #### <name>
 ```hb
@@ -15,6 +33,183 @@ and also:
 ```
 to the `run_tests` macro at the bottom of the `src/codegen.rs`.
 
+### Tour Examples
+
+Following examples incrementally introduce language features and syntax.
+
+#### main_fn
+```hb
+main := fn(): int {
+	return 1;
+}
+```
+
+#### arithmetic
+```hb
+main := fn(): int {
+	return 10 - 20 / 2 + 4 * (2 + 2) - 4 * 4 + 1;
+}
+```
+
+#### functions
+```hb
+main := fn(): int {
+	return add_one(10) + add_two(20);
+}
+
+add_two := fn(x: int): int {
+	return x + 2;
+}
+
+add_one := fn(x: int): int {
+	return x + 1;
+}
+```
+
+#### if_statements
+```hb
+main := fn(): int {
+	return fib(10);
+}
+
+fib := fn(x: int): int {
+	if x <= 2 {
+		return 1;
+	} else {
+		return fib(x - 1) + fib(x - 2);
+	}
+}
+```
+
+#### variables
+```hb
+main := fn(): int {
+	a := 1;
+	b := 2;
+	a = a + 1;
+	return a - b;
+}
+```
+
+#### loops
+```hb
+main := fn(): int {
+	return fib(10);
+}
+
+fib := fn(n: int): int {
+	a := 0;
+	b := 1;
+	loop {
+		if n == 0 break;
+		c := a + b;
+		a = b;
+		b = c;
+		n -= 1;
+
+		stack_reclamation_edge_case := 0;
+
+		continue;
+	}
+	return a;
+}
+```
+
+#### pointers
+```hb
+main := fn(): int {
+	a := 1;
+	b := &a;
+	modify(b);
+	drop(a);
+	stack_reclamation_edge_case := 0;
+	return *b - 2;
+}
+
+modify := fn(a: ^int): void {
+	*a = 2;
+	return;
+}
+
+drop := fn(a: int): void {
+	return;
+}
+```
+
+#### structs
+```hb
+Ty := struct {
+	a: int,
+	b: int,
+}
+
+Ty2 := struct {
+	ty: Ty,
+	c: int,
+}
+
+main := fn(): int {
+	finst := Ty2.{ ty: Ty.{ a: 4, b: 1 }, c: 3 };
+	inst := odher_pass(finst);
+	if inst.c == 3 {
+		return pass(&inst.ty);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+pass := fn(t: ^Ty): int {
+	return t.a - t.b;
+}
+
+odher_pass := fn(t: Ty2): Ty2 {
+	return t;
+}
+```
+
+#### struct_operators
+```hb
+Point := struct {
+	x: int,
+	y: int,
+}
+
+Rect := struct {
+	a: Point,
+	b: Point,
+}
+
+main := fn(): int {
+	a := Point.(1, 2);
+	b := Point.(3, 4);
+
+	d := Rect.(a + b, b - a);
+	d2 := Rect.(Point.(0, 0) - b, a);
+	d2 = d2 + d;
+
+	c := d2.a + d2.b;
+	return c.x + c.y;
+}
+```
+
+#### global_variables
+```hb
+global_var := 10;
+
+complex_global_var := fib(global_var) - 5;
+
+fib := fn(n: int): int {
+	if 2 > n {
+		return n;
+	}
+	return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
+}
+
+main := fn(): int {
+	return complex_global_var;
+}
+```
+note: values of global variables are evaluated at compile time
+
 #### directives
 ```hb
 Type := struct {
@@ -35,39 +230,14 @@ main := fn(): int {
 }
 ```
 
-#### if_statements
-```hb
-main := fn(): int {
-	return fib(10);
-}
+- `@TypeOf()`: results into literal type of whatever the type of `` is, `` is not included in final binary
+- `@as(, )`: hint to the compiler that  `@TypeOf() == `
+- `@intcast()`: needs to be used when conversion of `@TypeOf()` would loose precision (widening of integers is implicit)
+- `@sizeof(), @alignof()`: I think explaining this would insult your intelligence
+- `@bitcast()`: tell compiler to assume `@TypeOf()` is whatever is inferred, so long as size and alignment did not change
+- `@eca(, ...)`: invoke `eca` instruction, where `` is the type this will return and `...` are arguments passed to the call
 
-fib := fn(x: int): int {
-	if x <= 2 {
-		return 1;
-	} else {
-		return fib(x - 1) + fib(x - 2);
-	}
-}
-```
-
-#### global_variables
-```hb
-global_var := 10;
-
-complex_global_var := fib(global_var) - 5;
-
-fib := fn(n: int): int {
-	if 2 > n {
-		return n;
-	}
-	return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);
-}
-
-main := fn(): int {
-	return complex_global_var;
-}
-
-```
+### Incomplete Examples
 
 #### generic_types
 ```hb
@@ -130,142 +300,7 @@ main := fn(): int {
 }
 ```
 
-#### struct_operators
-```hb
-Point := struct {
-	x: int,
-	y: int,
-}
-
-Rect := struct {
-	a: Point,
-	b: Point,
-}
-
-main := fn(): int {
-	a := Point.(1, 2);
-	b := Point.(3, 4);
-
-	d := Rect.(a + b, b - a);
-	d2 := Rect.(Point.(0, 0) - b, a);
-	d2 = d2 + d;
-
-	c := d2.a + d2.b;
-	return c.x + c.y;
-}
-```
-
-#### main_fn
-```hb
-main := fn(): int {
-	return 1;
-}
-```
-
-#### structs
-```hb
-Ty := struct {
-	a: int,
-	b: int,
-}
-
-Ty2 := struct {
-	ty: Ty,
-	c: int,
-}
-
-main := fn(): int {
-	finst := Ty2.{ ty: Ty.{ a: 4, b: 1 }, c: 3 };
-	inst := odher_pass(finst);
-	if inst.c == 3 {
-		return pass(&inst.ty);
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-pass := fn(t: ^Ty): int {
-	return t.a - t.b;
-}
-
-odher_pass := fn(t: Ty2): Ty2 {
-	return t;
-}
-```
-
-#### pointers
-```hb
-main := fn(): int {
-	a := 1;
-	b := &a;
-	modify(b);
-	drop(a);
-	stack_reclamation_edge_case := 0;
-	return *b - 2;
-}
-
-modify := fn(a: ^int): void {
-	*a = 2;
-	return;
-}
-
-drop := fn(a: int): void {
-	return;
-}
-```
-
-#### functions
-```hb
-
-main := fn(): int {
-	return add_one(10) + add_two(20);
-}
-
-add_two := fn(x: int): int {
-	return x + 2;
-}
-
-add_one := fn(x: int): int {
-	return x + 1;
-}
-
-
-```
-
-#### variables
-```hb
-main := fn(): int {
-	a := 1;
-	b := 2;
-	a = a + 1;
-	return a - b;
-}
-```
-
-#### loops
-```hb
-main := fn(): int {
-	return fib(10);
-}
-
-fib := fn(n: int): int {
-	a := 0;
-	b := 1;
-	loop {
-		if n == 0 {
-			break;
-		}
-		c := a + b;
-		a = b;
-		b = c;
-		n -= 1;
-
-		stack_reclamation_edge_case := 0;
-
-		continue;
-	}
-	return a;
-}
-```
+### Purely Testing Examples
 
 #### different_types
 ```hb
@@ -314,10 +349,3 @@ main := fn(): int {
 }
 ```
 
-#### arithmetic
-```hb
-main := fn(): int {
-	return 10 - 20 / 2 + 4 * (2 + 2) - 4 * 4 + 1;
-}
-```
-