minor jank auto resolution detection

memory bug fixes
update hblang
update render examples
obliterate render_driver (not useful)

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
 [workspace]
 resolver = "2"
-members = [ "dev","kernel", "repbuild"]
+members = ["dev", "kernel", "repbuild"]
+
+# [profile.release]
+# strip = "symbols"
+# codegen-units = 1
+# lto = true
+# panic = "abort"

kernel/Cargo.toml

@@ -5,17 +5,16 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 
 
 [dependencies]
-embedded-graphics = "0.7"
+embedded-graphics = "0.8"
 hbvm.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/holey-bytes"
 log = "0.4"
 spin = "0.9"
-uart_16550 = "0.2"
 slab = { version = "0.4", default-features = false }
+uart_16550 = { version = "0.3", features = ["nightly"] }
 xml.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
 versioning.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
-able_graphics_library.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
+# able_graphics_library.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
-hashbrown = "*"
+hashbrown = { version = "0.14", features = ["nightly"] }
-kiam = "0.1.1"
 
 [dependencies.limine]
 version = "0.1"
@@ -24,14 +23,14 @@ version = "0.1"
 [dependencies.crossbeam-queue]
 version = "0.3"
 default-features = false
-features = ["alloc"]
+features = ["alloc", "nightly"]
 
-[dependencies.clparse]
+# [dependencies.clparse]
-git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
+# git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
-default-features = false
+# default-features = false
 
 [dependencies.derive_more]
-version = "0.99"
+version = "1"
 default-features = false
 features = [
     "add",
@@ -48,12 +47,12 @@ features = [
 
 
 [target.'cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")'.dependencies]
-x86_64 = "0.14"
+x86_64 = "0.15"
 x2apic = "0.4"
-virtio-drivers = "0.4.0"
+virtio-drivers = "0.7"
-# rdrand = "*"
-rdrand = { version = "0.8", default-features = false }
-
 
 [target.'cfg(target_arch = "riscv64")'.dependencies]
 sbi = "0.2.0"
+
+[target.'cfg(target_arch = "aarch64")'.dependencies]
+aarch64-cpu = "9"

kernel/src/arch/aarch64/device_info_collector.rs

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ fn collect_cpu_info(device_tree: &mut DeviceTree) {
 }
 
 fn cpu_id() -> (String, u64) {
-    let mut cpu_id: u64 = 0;
+    let mut cpu_id: u64;
     unsafe {
         asm!("mrs {cpu_id}, MIDR_EL1",
                 cpu_id = out(reg) cpu_id,
@@ -41,6 +41,8 @@ fn cpu_id() -> (String, u64) {
         // https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/117175/how-do-i-read-the-cpuid-in-aarch64-asm
         0x410FD034 => "Cortex-A53".to_string(),
         0x410FD083 => "Cortex-A72".to_string(),
+        // the source of this one was checking the cpu id :thinking:
+        0x410FD493 => "Neoverse N2".to_string(),
         _ => "Unknown".to_string(),
     };
     log::trace!("CPU Name: {cpu_name} - CPU ID: 0x{:X}", cpu_id);

kernel/src/arch/aarch64/logging.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use {crate::logger::TERMINAL_LOGGER, core::fmt::Write, spin::Mutex};
-const SERIAL_CONSOLE: Mutex<SerialConsole> = Mutex::new(SerialConsole {
+static SERIAL_CONSOLE: Mutex<SerialConsole> = Mutex::new(SerialConsole {
     uart: 0x09000000 as *mut u8,
 });
 
@@ -17,6 +17,9 @@ impl core::fmt::Write for SerialConsole {
     }
 }
 
+unsafe impl Sync for SerialConsole {}
+unsafe impl Send for SerialConsole {}
+
 pub fn log(args: core::fmt::Arguments<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
     SERIAL_CONSOLE.lock().write_fmt(args)?;
     TERMINAL_LOGGER.lock().write_fmt(args)?;

kernel/src/arch/aarch64/mod.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 pub use logging::log;
 use {
     crate::{allocator, bootmodules::BootModule, kmain::kmain},
+    alloc::vec::Vec,
     core::arch::asm,
     limine::FramebufferRequest,
 };
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn _kernel_start() -> ! {
     static KFILE_REQ: KernelFileRequest = KernelFileRequest::new(0);
     static MOD_REQ: ModuleRequest = ModuleRequest::new(0);
 
-    let mut bootmodules = alloc::vec::Vec::new();
+    let mut bootmodules = Vec::new();
 
     if bm.is_some() {
         let bm = bm.unwrap();
@@ -52,18 +53,13 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn _kernel_start() -> ! {
                 let raw_bytes = core::slice::from_raw_parts(
                     file.base.as_ptr().expect("invalid initrd"),
                     file.length as usize,
-                )
-                .to_vec();
-
-                let file_path = alloc::string::String::from_utf8(
-                    file.path.to_str().unwrap().to_bytes().to_vec(),
                 );
+
+                let file_path = file.path.to_str().unwrap().to_str();
                 if file_path.is_err() {
                     panic!("invalid file path: {:?}", file_path);
                 }
-                let file_cmd = alloc::string::String::from_utf8(
+                let file_cmd = file.cmdline.to_str().unwrap().to_str();
-                    file.cmdline.to_str().unwrap().to_bytes().to_vec(),
-                );
                 if file_cmd.is_err() {
                     panic!("invalid module cmd: {:?}", file_cmd);
                 }
@@ -85,7 +81,7 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn _kernel_start() -> ! {
         assert_eq!(bm.module_count, bootmodules.len() as u64);
     }
 
-    crate::kmain::kmain(
+    kmain(
         KFILE_REQ
             .get_response()
             .get()
@@ -99,8 +95,6 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn _kernel_start() -> ! {
             .unwrap_or_default(),
         bootmodules,
     );
-
-    spin_loop();
 }
 
 pub fn spin_loop() -> ! {
@@ -109,8 +103,19 @@ pub fn spin_loop() -> ! {
     }
 }
 
+/// I am sorry.
+static mut A_REAL_RANDOM_U64_I_PROMISE: u64 = 0;
+
 pub fn hardware_random_u64() -> u64 {
-    0
+    if let Some(rng) = aarch64_cpu::asm::random::ArmRng::new() {
+        if let Some(rnd) = rng.rndr() {
+            return rnd;
+        }
+    }
+    unsafe {
+        A_REAL_RANDOM_U64_I_PROMISE += 1;
+        A_REAL_RANDOM_U64_I_PROMISE
+    }
 }
 
 pub fn register_dump() {}

kernel/src/arch/riscv64/memory.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 use core::num;
 
-use alloc::boxed::Box;
+use {
-use spin::{Mutex, Once};
+    crate::memory::{MemoryManager, PhysicalAddress, VirtualAddress},
-use crate::memory::{MemoryManager, PhysicalAddress, VirtualAddress};
+    alloc::boxed::Box,
+    spin::{Mutex, Once},
+};
 
 use super::PAGE_SIZE;
 
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ impl PageSize {
 }
 
 pub struct PageTable {
-    entries: [PageEntry; 512]
+    entries: [PageEntry; 512],
 }
 
 impl PageTable {
@@ -72,8 +74,14 @@ impl PageTable {
     /// flags MUST include one or more of the following:
     ///   Read, Write, Execute
     /// The valid bit automatically gets added
-    pub fn map(&mut self, vaddr: VirtualAddress, paddr: PhysicalAddress, flags: PageEntryFlags, page_size: PageSize) {
+    pub fn map(
-        assert!(flags as usize & 0xe != 0);
+        &mut self,
+        vaddr: VirtualAddress,
+        paddr: PhysicalAddress,
+        flags: PageEntryFlags,
+        page_size: PageSize,
+    ) {
+        assert!(flags as usize & 0xE != 0);
 
         let vpn = vaddr.vpns();
         let ppn = paddr.ppns();
@@ -91,7 +99,7 @@ impl PageTable {
             }
 
             let entry = v.addr().as_mut_ptr::<PageEntry>();
-	        v = unsafe { entry.add(vpn[i]).as_mut().unwrap() };
+            v = unsafe { entry.add(vpn[i]).as_mut().unwrap() };
         }
 
         // When we get here, we should be at VPN[0] and v should be pointing to our entry.
@@ -105,14 +113,24 @@ impl PageTable {
     }
 
     /// Identity maps a page of memory
-    pub fn identity_map(&mut self, addr: PhysicalAddress, flags: PageEntryFlags, page_size: PageSize) {
+    pub fn identity_map(
+        &mut self,
+        addr: PhysicalAddress,
+        flags: PageEntryFlags,
+        page_size: PageSize,
+    ) {
         // log::debug!("identity mapped {addr}");
         self.map(addr.as_addr().into(), addr, flags, page_size);
     }
 
     /// Identity maps a range of contiguous memory
     /// This assumes that start <= end
-    pub fn identity_map_range(&mut self, start: PhysicalAddress, end: PhysicalAddress, flags: PageEntryFlags) {
+    pub fn identity_map_range(
+        &mut self,
+        start: PhysicalAddress,
+        end: PhysicalAddress,
+        flags: PageEntryFlags,
+    ) {
         log::debug!("start: {start}, end: {end}");
         let mut mem_addr = start.as_addr() & !(PAGE_SIZE - 1);
         let num_pages = (align_val(end.as_addr(), 12) - mem_addr - 1) / PAGE_SIZE + 1;
@@ -142,7 +160,7 @@ impl PageTable {
             }
 
             let entry = v.addr().as_mut_ptr::<PageEntry>();
-	        v = unsafe { entry.add(vpn[i]).as_mut().unwrap() };
+            v = unsafe { entry.add(vpn[i]).as_mut().unwrap() };
         }
 
         // If we're here this is an unmapped page
@@ -228,7 +246,7 @@ impl PageEntry {
     }
 
     fn addr(&self) -> PhysicalAddress {
-        ((self.entry() as usize & !0x3ff) << 2).into()
+        ((self.entry() as usize & !0x3FF) << 2).into()
     }
 
     fn destroy(&mut self) {

kernel/src/arch/riscv64/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 mod memory;
 
 use {
-    alloc::boxed::Box,
+    alloc::{boxed::Box, vec::Vec},
     core::{
         arch::{asm, global_asm},
         fmt::Write,
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ extern "C" {
     static USABLE_MEMORY_SIZE: usize;
 }
 
-static SERIAL_CONSOLE: Once<Mutex<MmioSerialPort>> = Once::new();
+pub static SERIAL_CONSOLE: Once<Mutex<MmioSerialPort>> = Once::new();
 
 #[no_mangle]
 unsafe extern "C" fn _kernel_start() -> ! {
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn _kernel_start() -> ! {
         in(reg) satp_value,
     );
 
-    crate::kmain::kmain("baka=9", None);
+    crate::kmain::kmain("baka=9", Vec::new());
 }
 
 /// Spin loop
@@ -105,6 +105,12 @@ pub fn spin_loop() -> ! {
     }
 }
 
+pub fn hardware_random_u64() -> u64 {
+    0
+}
+
+pub fn register_dump() {}
+
 pub fn log(args: core::fmt::Arguments<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
     SERIAL_CONSOLE.get().unwrap().lock().write_fmt(args)
 }

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/gdt.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ use {
 
 pub const DOUBLE_FAULT_IX: u16 = 0;
 
+const STACK_SIZE: usize = 5 * 1024;
+const STACK_ALIGNMENT: usize = 4096;
+
 pub unsafe fn init() {
     use x86_64::instructions::{
         segmentation::{Segment, CS, SS},
@@ -32,24 +35,24 @@ struct Selectors {
 
 static TSS: Lazy<TaskStateSegment> = Lazy::new(|| {
     let mut tss = TaskStateSegment::new();
-    tss.interrupt_stack_table[usize::from(DOUBLE_FAULT_IX)] = {
+
-        const SIZE: usize = 5 * 1024;
+    let stack_ptr = unsafe {
-        let stack = unsafe {
+        let layout = alloc::alloc::Layout::from_size_align(STACK_SIZE, STACK_ALIGNMENT)
-            alloc::alloc::alloc_zeroed(
+            .expect("Failed to create stack layout");
-                alloc::alloc::Layout::from_size_align(SIZE, 1).expect("stack pointer"),
+        let stack = alloc::alloc::alloc_zeroed(layout);
-            )
+        VirtAddr::from_ptr(stack) + STACK_SIZE as u64
-        };
-        VirtAddr::from_ptr(stack) + SIZE
     };
+
+    tss.interrupt_stack_table[usize::from(DOUBLE_FAULT_IX)] = stack_ptr;
     tss
 });
 
 static GDT: Lazy<(GlobalDescriptorTable, Selectors)> = Lazy::new(|| {
     let mut gdt = GlobalDescriptorTable::new();
     let sels = Selectors {
-        kcode: gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::kernel_code_segment()),
+        kcode: gdt.append(Descriptor::kernel_code_segment()),
-        kdata: gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::kernel_data_segment()),
+        kdata: gdt.append(Descriptor::kernel_data_segment()),
-        tss:   gdt.add_entry(Descriptor::tss_segment(&TSS)),
+        tss:   gdt.append(Descriptor::tss_segment(&TSS)),
     };
     (gdt, sels)
 });

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/interrupts.rs

@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ static IDT: Lazy<InterruptDescriptorTable> = Lazy::new(|| {
     }
     idt.page_fault.set_handler_fn(page_fault);
 
-    idt[Interrupt::ApicErr as usize].set_handler_fn(apic_err);
+    idt[Interrupt::ApicErr as u8].set_handler_fn(apic_err);
-    idt[Interrupt::Spurious as usize].set_handler_fn(spurious);
+    idt[Interrupt::Spurious as u8].set_handler_fn(spurious);
-    idt[Interrupt::Timer as usize].set_handler_fn(timer);
+    idt[Interrupt::Timer as u8].set_handler_fn(timer);
 
     idt
 });

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/logging.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 //! Logging (as in terms of console / serial output)
 #![allow(deprecated)]
-use {
+use {core::fmt::Write, spin::Mutex, uart_16550::SerialPort};
-    core::fmt::Write,
-    limine::{TerminalRequest, TerminalResponse},
-    spin::{Lazy, Mutex},
-    uart_16550::SerialPort,
-};
 
 pub static SERIAL_CONSOLE: Mutex<SerialPort> = Mutex::new(unsafe { SerialPort::new(0x3F8) });
 

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-use {
+use core::arch::x86_64::{_rdrand64_step, _rdseed64_step};
-    crate::bootmodules::BootModule, core::arch::asm, embedded_graphics::pixelcolor::Rgb888,
+
-    log::warn, rdrand::RdSeed,
+use {crate::bootmodules::BootModule, core::arch::asm, log::warn};
-};
 pub mod memory;
 
 mod cpuid;
@@ -143,18 +142,13 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn start() -> ! {
                 let raw_bytes = core::slice::from_raw_parts(
                     file.base.as_ptr().expect("invalid initrd"),
                     file.length as usize,
-                )
-                .to_vec();
-
-                let file_path = alloc::string::String::from_utf8(
-                    file.path.to_str().unwrap().to_bytes().to_vec(),
                 );
+
+                let file_path = file.path.to_str().unwrap().to_str();
                 if file_path.is_err() {
                     panic!("invalid file path: {:?}", file_path);
                 }
-                let file_cmd = alloc::string::String::from_utf8(
+                let file_cmd = file.cmdline.to_str().unwrap().to_str();
-                    file.cmdline.to_str().unwrap().to_bytes().to_vec(),
-                );
                 if file_cmd.is_err() {
                     panic!("invalid module cmd: {:?}", file_cmd);
                 }
@@ -195,59 +189,20 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn start() -> ! {
 /// Spin loop
 pub fn spin_loop() -> ! {
     loop {
-        x86_64::instructions::hlt();
+        x86_64::instructions::hlt()
     }
 }
 
 pub fn hardware_random_u64() -> u64 {
-    use {log::trace, rdrand::RdRand};
+    let mut out: u64 = 0;
-    let gen = RdRand::new();
+    match unsafe { _rdrand64_step(&mut out) } {
-    match gen {
+        1 => out,
-        Ok(gen) => {
+        _ => {
-            let ret = gen.try_next_u64().unwrap();
-            trace!("Random {}", ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        Err(err) => {
             warn!("RDRand not supported.");
             // Try rdseed
-            let gen = RdSeed::new();
+            match unsafe { _rdseed64_step(&mut out) } {
-            match gen {
+                1 => out,
-                Ok(gen) => {
+                _ => panic!("Neither RDRand or RDSeed are supported"),
-                    let ret = gen.try_next_u64().unwrap();
-                    trace!("Random {}", ret);
-                    return ret;
-                }
-                Err(err) => {
-                    panic!("Neither RDRand or RDSeed are supported")
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn hardware_random_u32() -> u32 {
-    use {log::trace, rdrand::RdRand};
-    let gen = RdRand::new();
-    match gen {
-        Ok(gen) => {
-            let ret = gen.try_next_u32().unwrap();
-            trace!("Random {}", ret);
-            return ret;
-        }
-        Err(err) => {
-            warn!("RDRand not supported.");
-            // Try rdseed
-            let gen = RdSeed::new();
-            match gen {
-                Ok(gen) => {
-                    let ret = gen.try_next_u32().unwrap();
-                    trace!("Random {}", ret);
-                    return ret;
-                }
-                Err(err) => {
-                    panic!("Neither RDRand or RDSeed are supported")
-                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -255,6 +210,7 @@ pub fn hardware_random_u32() -> u32 {
 
 pub fn get_edid() {}
 
+#[allow(unused)]
 pub fn register_dump() {
     let rax: u64;
     let rbx: u64 = 0;

kernel/src/bootmodules.rs

@@ -1,36 +1,36 @@
 use {
-    crate::alloc::string::ToString,
+    // crate::alloc::string::ToString,
-    alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec},
+    alloc::vec::Vec,
-    clparse::Arguments,
+    // clparse::Arguments,
-    core::fmt::{Debug, Display},
+    // core::fmt::{Debug, Display},
-    log::trace,
+    // log::trace,
-    xml::XMLElement,
+    // xml::XMLElement,
 };
-pub type BootModules = Vec<BootModule>;
+pub type BootModules<'a> = Vec<BootModule<'a>>;
 
-pub struct BootModule {
+pub struct BootModule<'a> {
-    pub path:  String,
+    pub path:  &'a str,
-    pub bytes: Vec<u8>,
+    pub bytes: &'a [u8],
-    pub cmd:   String,
+    pub cmd:   &'a str,
 }
-impl BootModule {
+impl<'a> BootModule<'a> {
-    pub fn new(path: String, bytes: Vec<u8>, cmd: String) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(path: &'a str, bytes: &'a [u8], cmd: &'a str) -> Self {
         Self { path, bytes, cmd }
     }
 }
 
-pub fn build_cmd<T: Display + Debug>(name: T, cmdline: T) -> XMLElement {
+// pub fn build_cmd<T: Display + Debug>(name: T, cmdline: T) -> XMLElement {
-    let mut cmdline = cmdline.to_string();
+//     let mut cmdline = cmdline.to_string();
-    cmdline.pop();
+//     cmdline.pop();
-    cmdline.remove(0);
+//     cmdline.remove(0);
 
-    let cmd = Arguments::parse(cmdline.to_string()).unwrap();
+//     let cmd = Arguments::parse(cmdline.to_string()).unwrap();
-    trace!("Cmdline: {cmd:?}");
+//     trace!("Cmdline: {cmd:?}");
 
-    let mut clo = XMLElement::new(name);
+//     let mut clo = XMLElement::new(name);
-    for (key, value) in cmd.arguments {
+//     for (key, value) in cmd.arguments {
-        clo.set_attribute(key, value);
+//         clo.set_attribute(key, value);
-    }
+//     }
-    trace!("command line object: {:?}", clo);
+//     trace!("command line object: {:?}", clo);
-    clo
+//     clo
-}
+// }

kernel/src/holeybytes/ecah.rs

@@ -1,19 +1,10 @@
 //! Environment call handling routines
 
-use core::borrow::Borrow;
+use crate::holeybytes::kernel_services::{block_read, service_definition_service::sds_msg_handler};
-
-use crate::{
-    allocator,
-    holeybytes::kernel_services::{
-        block_read,
-        service_definition_service::{sds_msg_handler, SERVICES},
-    },
-};
 
 use {
-    super::{mem::Memory, Vm},
+    super::Vm,
-    crate::{arch, holeybytes::mem, ipc::buffer::IpcBuffer, kmain::IPC_BUFFERS},
+    crate::{arch, ipc::buffer::IpcBuffer, kmain::IPC_BUFFERS},
-    alloc::string::String,
     log::{debug, error, info, trace, warn},
 };
 
@@ -78,7 +69,7 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
                 },
                 1 => match log_msg_handler(vm, mem_addr, length) {
                     Ok(()) => {}
-                    Err(err) => log::error!("Improper log format"),
+                    Err(_) => log::error!("Improper log format"),
                 },
                 2 => {
                     use crate::holeybytes::kernel_services::mem_serve::memory_msg_handler;
@@ -87,29 +78,21 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
                         Err(_) => {}
                     }
                 }
+                #[cfg(not(target_arch = "x86_64"))]
+                3 => info!("TODO: implement whatever buffer 3 does for no x86_64"),
+                #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
                 3 => {
-                    unsafe fn x86_in(address: u16) -> u8 {
+                    unsafe fn x86_out<T: x86_64::instructions::port::PortWrite>(
-                        x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).read()
+                        address: u16,
-                    }
+                        value: T,
-                    unsafe fn x86_in_16(address: u16) -> u16 {
+                    ) {
-                        x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).read()
-                    }
-                    unsafe fn x86_in_32(address: u16) -> u32 {
-                        x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).read()
-                    }
-                    unsafe fn x86_out(address: u16, value: u8) {
                         x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).write(value);
                     }
-                    unsafe fn x86_out_16(address: u16, value: u16) {
+                    unsafe fn x86_in<T: x86_64::instructions::port::PortRead>(address: u16) -> T {
-                        x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).write(value);
+                        x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).read()
                     }
-                    unsafe fn x86_out_32(address: u16, value: u32) {
+                    let msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
-                        x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).write(value);
-                    }
-
-                    let mut msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
                     let msg_type = msg_vec[0];
-                    msg_vec.remove(0);
                     match msg_type {
                         0 => 'wow: {
                             let size = match msg_vec[0] {
@@ -121,24 +104,20 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
                                     break 'wow;
                                 }
                             };
-                            msg_vec.remove(0);
+                            let addr = u16::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[1..3].try_into().unwrap());
-                            let addr = u16::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[0..2].try_into().unwrap());
-                            msg_vec.remove(0);
-                            msg_vec.remove(0);
                             let value = unsafe {
                                 match size {
-                                    1 => x86_in(addr) as u64,
+                                    1 => x86_in::<u8>(addr) as u64,
-                                    2 => x86_in_16(addr) as u64,
+                                    2 => x86_in::<u16>(addr) as u64,
-                                    4 => x86_in_32(addr) as u64,
+                                    4 => x86_in::<u32>(addr) as u64,
                                     _ => panic!("how?"),
                                 }
                             };
-                            msg_vec.clear();
                             trace!("Read the value {} from address {}", value, addr);
                             vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(value);
                         }
                         1 => 'wow: {
-                            let size = match msg_vec[0] {
+                            let size = match msg_vec[1] {
                                 0 => 1,
                                 1 => 2,
                                 2 => 4,
@@ -147,50 +126,88 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
                                     break 'wow;
                                 }
                             };
-                            msg_vec.remove(0);
+                            let addr = unsafe {
-                            let addr = u16::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[0..2].try_into().unwrap());
+                                u16::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[1..3].try_into().unwrap_unchecked())
-                            msg_vec.remove(0);
+                            };
-                            msg_vec.remove(0);
                             trace!("Setting address {}", addr);
                             unsafe {
                                 match size {
-                                    1 => x86_out(addr, msg_vec[0]),
+                                    1 => x86_out(addr, msg_vec[3]),
-                                    2 => x86_out_16(
+                                    2 => x86_out(
                                         addr,
-                                        u16::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[0..2].try_into().unwrap()),
+                                        u16::from_le_bytes(
+                                            msg_vec[3..5].try_into().unwrap_unchecked(),
+                                        ),
                                     ),
-                                    4 => x86_out_32(
+                                    4 => x86_out(
                                         addr,
-                                        u32::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[0..4].try_into().unwrap()),
+                                        u32::from_le_bytes(
+                                            msg_vec[3..7].try_into().unwrap_unchecked(),
+                                        ),
                                     ),
                                     _ => panic!("How?"),
                                 }
                             }
-                            msg_vec.clear();
                         }
                         _ => {}
                     }
                 }
                 // source of rng
                 4 => {
-                    vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(crate::arch::hardware_random_u32() as u64);
+                    // limit to last 32 bits
+                    vm.registers[1] =
+                        hbvm::value::Value(crate::arch::hardware_random_u64() & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+                }
+                // get arch
+                5 => {
+                    if cfg!(target_arch = "x86_64") {
+                        vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(0);
+                    } else if cfg!(target_arch = "aarch64") {
+                        vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(1);
+                    } else {
+                        vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(u64::MAX)
+                    }
+                }
+                // AbleCode™ (get fb ptr)
+                6 => {
+                    use {
+                        crate::kmain::FB_REQ,
+                        limine::{Framebuffer, NonNullPtr},
+                    };
+                    let fb1: &NonNullPtr<Framebuffer> =
+                        &FB_REQ.get_response().get().unwrap().framebuffers()[0];
+                    let msg = block_read(mem_addr, length)[0];
+                    if msg == b'p' {
+                        // ptr
+                        let fb_front = fb1.address.as_ptr().unwrap() as *const u8;
+                        log::info!("Graphics front ptr {:?}", fb_front);
+                        vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(fb_front as u64);
+                    } else if msg == b'w' {
+                        // width
+                        log::info!("FB Width: {}", fb1.width);
+                        vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(fb1.width);
+                    } else if msg == b'h' {
+                        // height
+                        log::info!("FB Height: {}", fb1.height);
+                        vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(fb1.height);
+                    }
                 }
                 buffer_id => {
                     let mut buffs = IPC_BUFFERS.lock();
                     match buffs.get_mut(&buffer_id) {
                         Some(buff) => {
-                            let mut msg_vec = vec![];
+                            let mut msg_vec = Vec::with_capacity(length);
 
                             for x in 0..(length as isize) {
                                 let xyz = mem_addr as *const u8;
                                 let value = unsafe { xyz.offset(x).read() };
                                 msg_vec.push(value);
                             }
-                            buff.push(msg_vec.clone());
                             debug!(
                                 "Message {:?} has been sent to Buffer({})",
                                 msg_vec, buffer_id
                             );
+                            buff.push(msg_vec);
                         }
                         None => {
                             log::error!("Access of non-existent buffer {}", buffer_id)
@@ -206,7 +223,7 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
             let max_length = vm.registers[5].cast::<u64>();
 
             let mut buffs = IPC_BUFFERS.lock();
-            let mut buff: &mut IpcBuffer;
+            let buff: &mut IpcBuffer;
 
             if buffs.get_mut(&buffer_id).is_some() {
                 buff = buffs.get_mut(&buffer_id).unwrap();
@@ -255,16 +272,16 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
     }
 }
 
-fn log_msg_handler(vm: &mut Vm, mem_addr: u64, length: usize) -> Result<(), LogError> {
+fn log_msg_handler(_vm: &mut Vm, mem_addr: u64, length: usize) -> Result<(), LogError> {
     // let message_length = 8 + 8 + 8;
     // log::info!("Mem Addr 0x{:x?} length {}", mem_addr, length);
-    let mut msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
+    let msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
 
-    let log_level = msg_vec.pop().unwrap();
+    let log_level = msg_vec.last().unwrap();
-    match String::from_utf8(msg_vec) {
+    match core::str::from_utf8(&msg_vec[1..]) {
         Ok(strr) => {
             // use LogLevel::*;
-            let ll = match log_level {
+            let _ll = match log_level {
                 0 | 48 => error!("{}", strr),
                 1 | 49 => warn!("{}", strr),
                 2 | 50 => info!("{}", strr),
@@ -288,8 +305,8 @@ pub enum LogError {
     NoMessages,
     InvalidLogFormat,
 }
-use {alloc::vec, log::Record};
 
+// use {alloc::vec, log::Record};
 // fn memory_msg_handler(vm: &mut Vm, mem_addr: u64, length: usize) -> Result<(), LogError> {
 //     let mut val = alloc::vec::Vec::new();
 //     for _ in 0..4096 {

kernel/src/holeybytes/kernel_services/mem_serve.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 use {
-    crate::holeybytes::{
+    crate::holeybytes::{kernel_services::block_read, Vm},
-        ecah::LogError,
+    alloc::alloc::{alloc_zeroed, dealloc},
-        kernel_services::{block_read, mem_serve},
+    core::alloc::Layout,
-        Vm,
-    },
-    alloc::alloc::alloc_zeroed,
     log::{debug, info},
 };
 
@@ -19,13 +16,10 @@ pub enum MemoryQuotaType {
     KillQuota = 3,
 }
 
-fn alloc_page(vm: &mut Vm, mem_addr: u64, length: usize) -> Result<(), MemoryServiceError> {
+fn alloc_page(vm: &mut Vm, _mem_addr: u64, _length: usize) -> Result<(), MemoryServiceError> {
-    let mut val = alloc::vec::Vec::new();
+    let ptr = unsafe { alloc_zeroed(Layout::new::<[u8; 4096]>()) };
-    for _ in 0..4096 {
+    info!("Block address: {:?}", ptr);
-        val.push(0);
+    vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(ptr as u64);
-    }
-    info!("Block address: {:?}", val.as_ptr());
-    vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(val.as_ptr() as u64);
     vm.registers[2] = hbvm::value::Value(4096);
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -35,34 +29,39 @@ pub fn memory_msg_handler(
     mem_addr: u64,
     length: usize,
 ) -> Result<(), MemoryServiceError> {
-    let mut msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
+    let msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
     let msg_type = msg_vec[0];
-
-    msg_vec.remove(0);
     match msg_type {
         0 => {
-            let page_count = msg_vec[0];
+            let page_count = msg_vec[1];
-            msg_vec.remove(0);
+            let mptr_raw: [u8; 8] = msg_vec[2..10].try_into().unwrap();
-
-            let mptr_raw: [u8; 8] = msg_vec[0..8].try_into().unwrap();
             let mptr: u64 = u64::from_le_bytes(mptr_raw);
 
             log::debug!("Allocating {} pages @ {:x}", page_count, mptr);
 
-            let mut val = alloc::vec::Vec::new();
+            let ptr = unsafe {
-            for _ in 0..(page_count as isize * 4096) {
+                alloc_zeroed(Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(
-                val.push(0);
+                    page_count as usize * 4096,
-            }
+                    1,
-            vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(val.as_ptr() as u64);
+                ))
-            log::debug!("Kernel ptr: {:x}", val.as_ptr() as u64);
+            };
-        }
-        1 => {
-            let page_count = msg_vec[0];
-            msg_vec.remove(0);
 
-            let mptr_raw: [u8; 8] = msg_vec[0..8].try_into().unwrap();
+            vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(ptr as u64);
+            log::debug!("Kernel ptr: {:x}", ptr as u64);
+        }
+
+        1 => {
+            let page_count = msg_vec[1];
+
+            let mptr_raw: [u8; 8] = msg_vec[2..10].try_into().unwrap();
             let mptr: u64 = u64::from_le_bytes(mptr_raw);
             log::debug!("Deallocating {} pages @ {:x}", page_count, mptr);
+            unsafe {
+                dealloc(
+                    mptr as *mut u8,
+                    Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(page_count as usize * 4096, 1),
+                )
+            }
         }
         2 => {
             use MemoryQuotaType::*;
@@ -73,19 +72,10 @@ pub fn memory_msg_handler(
                 3 => KillQuota,
                 _ => NoQuota,
             };
-            msg_vec.remove(0);
+            let hid_raw: [u8; 8] = msg_vec[2..10].try_into().unwrap();
-            let hid_raw: [u8; 8] = msg_vec[0..8].try_into().unwrap();
             let hid: u64 = u64::from_le_bytes(hid_raw);
-            for _ in 0..8 {
+            let pid_raw: [u8; 8] = msg_vec[10..18].try_into().unwrap();
-                msg_vec.remove(0);
+            let pid: u64 = u64::from_le_bytes(pid_raw);
-            }
-
-            let pid_raw: [u8; 8] = msg_vec[0..8].try_into().unwrap();
-            let pid: u64 = u64::from_le_bytes(hid_raw);
-            for _ in 0..8 {
-                msg_vec.remove(0);
-            }
-
             debug!(
                 "Setting HID-{:x}:PID-{:x}'s quota type to {:?}",
                 hid, pid, quota_type
@@ -94,7 +84,6 @@ pub fn memory_msg_handler(
         3 => {
             let page_count = msg_vec[0];
             log::debug!(" {} pages", page_count);
-            msg_vec.remove(0);
         }
 
         _ => {

kernel/src/holeybytes/kernel_services/mod.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,9 @@
-use alloc::{vec, vec::Vec};
+use core::slice;
 
 pub mod mem_serve;
 pub mod service_definition_service;
 
-pub fn block_read(mem_addr: u64, length: usize) -> Vec<u8> {
+#[inline(always)]
-    let mut msg_vec = vec![];
+pub fn block_read<'a>(mem_addr: u64, length: usize) -> &'a [u8] {
-
+    unsafe { slice::from_raw_parts(mem_addr as *const u8, length) }
-    for x in 0..(length as isize) {
-        let xyz = mem_addr as *const u8;
-        let value = unsafe { xyz.offset(x).read() };
-        msg_vec.push(value);
-    }
-    msg_vec
 }

kernel/src/holeybytes/kernel_services/service_definition_service.rs

@@ -1,20 +1,15 @@
 use {
     crate::{
-        alloc::string::ToString,
         arch::hardware_random_u64,
         holeybytes::{ecah::LogError, kernel_services::block_read, Vm},
-        ipc::{
+        ipc::{buffer::IpcBuffer, protocol::Protocol},
-            buffer::IpcBuffer,
-            protocol::{self, Protocol},
-        },
         kmain::IPC_BUFFERS,
     },
-    alloc::string::String,
     hashbrown::HashMap,
     log::{info, trace},
     spin::{lazy::Lazy, Mutex},
 };
-pub struct Services(HashMap<u64, Protocol>);
+pub struct Services<'a>(HashMap<u64, Protocol<'a>>);
 pub static SERVICES: Lazy<Mutex<Services>> = Lazy::new(|| {
     let mut dt = Services(HashMap::new());
     dt.0.insert(0, Protocol::void());
@@ -22,25 +17,26 @@ pub static SERVICES: Lazy<Mutex<Services>> = Lazy::new(|| {
 });
 
 pub fn sds_msg_handler(vm: &mut Vm, mem_addr: u64, length: usize) -> Result<(), LogError> {
-    let mut msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
+    let msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
     if msg_vec.is_empty() {
         return Err(LogError::NoMessages);
     }
     let sds_event_type: ServiceEventType = msg_vec[0].into();
-    msg_vec.remove(0);
 
     // info!("Length {}", msg_vec.len());
 
     use ServiceEventType::*;
     match sds_event_type {
         CreateService => {
-            let string = String::from_utf8(msg_vec).expect("Our bytes should be valid utf8");
+            let string =
+                core::str::from_utf8(&msg_vec[1..]).expect("Our bytes should be valid utf8");
             let ret = sds_create_service(string);
             vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(ret as u64);
         }
         DeleteService => todo!(),
         SearchServices => {
-            let string = String::from_utf8(msg_vec).expect("Our bytes should be valid utf8");
+            let string =
+                core::str::from_utf8(&msg_vec[1..]).expect("Our bytes should be valid utf8");
             let ret = sds_search_service(string);
             vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(ret as u64);
         }
@@ -82,16 +78,16 @@ impl From<u8> for ServiceEventType {
     }
 }
 
-fn sds_create_service(protocol: String) -> u64 {
+fn sds_create_service(protocol: &'static str) -> u64 {
     let buff_id = hardware_random_u64();
     let mut services = SERVICES.lock();
     let mut buffers = IPC_BUFFERS.lock();
 
-    let protocol_ = Protocol::from(protocol.clone());
+    let protocol_ = Protocol::from(protocol);
     let mut buff = IpcBuffer::new(false, 0);
 
     services.0.insert(buff_id, protocol_.clone());
-    buff.protocol = protocol_.clone();
+    buff.protocol = protocol_;
     buffers.insert(buff_id, buff);
 
     trace!("BufferID({}) => {}", buff_id, protocol);
@@ -99,13 +95,13 @@ fn sds_create_service(protocol: String) -> u64 {
     buff_id
 }
 
-fn sds_search_service(protocol: String) -> u64 {
+fn sds_search_service(protocol: &str) -> u64 {
-    let mut services = SERVICES.lock();
+    let services = SERVICES.lock();
-    let compare = Protocol::from(protocol.clone());
+    let compare = Protocol::from(protocol);
     for (bid, protocol_canidate) in &services.0 {
         trace!("BID-{bid} protocol_canidate {:?}", protocol_canidate);
         if protocol_canidate == &compare {
-            trace!("BufferID({}) => {}", bid, protocol.clone());
+            trace!("BufferID({}) => {}", bid, protocol);
             return *bid;
         }
     }

kernel/src/holeybytes/mem.rs

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 use hbvm::mem::Address;
 
 fn calc_start_of_page(ptr: u64) -> u64 {
-    let mut page_aligned = false;
+    let _page_aligned = false;
     if ptr % 4096 == 0 {
         // page_aligned = true;
         return ptr / 4096;
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ pub struct Memory {
 
 impl Memory {
     #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
-    fn read_device(addr: Address) {
+    fn read_device(_addr: Address) {
-        unsafe {
+        //unsafe {
-            //
+        //
-            // x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(addr.get()).read()
+        // x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(addr.get()).read()
-        }
+        //}
     }
 }
 
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ impl hbvm::mem::Memory for Memory {
         target: *mut u8,
         count: usize,
     ) -> Result<(), hbvm::mem::LoadError> {
-        use log::{error, info};
         if addr.get() % 4096 == 0 {}
         core::ptr::copy(addr.get() as *const u8, target, count);
         Ok(())
@@ -56,6 +55,6 @@ impl hbvm::mem::Memory for Memory {
 
     #[inline]
     unsafe fn prog_read<T: Copy>(&mut self, addr: Address) -> T {
-        (addr.get() as *const T).read_unaligned()
+        (addr.get() as *const T).read()
     }
 }

kernel/src/holeybytes/mod.rs

@@ -3,86 +3,86 @@ mod kernel_services;
 mod mem;
 
 use {
-    crate::{arch, ipc::buffer::IpcBuffer, kmain::IPC_BUFFERS},
+    alloc::alloc::{alloc_zeroed, dealloc},
-    alloc::boxed::Box,
+    core::{
-    core::{default, future::Future, marker::PhantomData, ptr::NonNull, task::Poll},
+        alloc::Layout,
+        future::Future,
+        pin::Pin,
+        task::{Context, Poll},
+    },
     hbvm::{
-        mem::{
+        mem::{softpaging::HandlePageFault, Address},
-            softpaging::{icache::ICache, HandlePageFault, SoftPagedMem},
-            Address, Memory,
-        },
         VmRunError, VmRunOk,
     },
-    log::{debug, error, info, trace, warn},
+    log::error,
 };
 
 const STACK_SIZE: usize = 1024 * 1024;
-const TIMER_QUOTIENT: usize = 100;
+const TIMER_QUOTIENT: usize = 1000;
 type Vm = hbvm::Vm<mem::Memory, TIMER_QUOTIENT>;
 
-pub struct ExecThread<'p> {
+pub struct ExecThread {
     vm: Vm,
     stack_bottom: *mut u8,
-    _phantom: PhantomData<&'p [u8]>,
 }
 
-unsafe impl<'p> Send for ExecThread<'p> {}
+unsafe impl Send for ExecThread {}
-impl<'p> ExecThread<'p> {
+
+impl ExecThread {
     pub fn set_arguments(&mut self, ptr: u64, length: u64) {
         self.vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(ptr);
         self.vm.registers[2] = hbvm::value::Value(length);
     }
 
-    pub unsafe fn new(program: &'p [u8], entrypoint: Address) -> Self {
+    pub unsafe fn new(program: &[u8], entrypoint: Address) -> Self {
-        let mut vm = unsafe {
+        let mut vm = Vm::new(
-            Vm::new(
+            mem::Memory {},
-                mem::Memory {},
+            Address::new(program.as_ptr() as u64 + entrypoint.get()),
-                Address::new(program.as_ptr() as u64 + entrypoint.get()),
+        );
-            )
+
-        };
+        let stack_bottom = allocate_stack();
 
-        let stack_bottom = unsafe { allocate_stack().as_ptr() };
         vm.write_reg(254, (stack_bottom as usize + STACK_SIZE - 1) as u64);
 
-        ExecThread {
+        ExecThread { vm, stack_bottom }
-            vm,
-            stack_bottom,
-            _phantom: Default::default(),
-        }
     }
 }
 
-impl<'p> Drop for ExecThread<'p> {
+impl<'p> Drop for ExecThread {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        unsafe { alloc::alloc::dealloc(self.stack_bottom, stack_layout()) };
+        unsafe { dealloc(self.stack_bottom, stack_layout()) };
     }
 }
 
-impl<'p> Future for ExecThread<'p> {
+impl<'p> Future for ExecThread {
     type Output = Result<(), VmRunError>;
 
-    fn poll(
+    #[inline(always)]
-        mut self: core::pin::Pin<&mut Self>,
+    fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        cx: &mut core::task::Context<'_>,
-    ) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
         match self.vm.run() {
             Err(err) => {
-                log::error!("HBVM Error\r\nRegister dump: {:?}", self.vm.registers,);
+                error!("HBVM Error\r\nRegister dump: {:?}", self.vm.registers);
-                return Poll::Ready(Err(err));
+                Poll::Ready(Err(err))
+            }
+            Ok(VmRunOk::End) => Poll::Ready(Ok(())),
+            Ok(VmRunOk::Ecall) => {
+                ecah::handler(&mut self.vm);
+                cx.waker().wake_by_ref();
+                Poll::Pending
+            }
+            Ok(VmRunOk::Timer) => {
+                cx.waker().wake_by_ref();
+                Poll::Pending
             }
-            Ok(VmRunOk::End) => return Poll::Ready(Ok(())),
-            Ok(VmRunOk::Ecall) => ecah::handler(&mut self.vm),
-            Ok(VmRunOk::Timer) => (),
             Ok(VmRunOk::Breakpoint) => {
-                log::error!(
+                error!(
                     "HBVM Debug breakpoint\r\nRegister dump: {:?}",
-                    self.vm.registers,
+                    self.vm.registers
                 );
+                cx.waker().wake_by_ref();
+                Poll::Pending
             }
         }
-
-        cx.waker().wake_by_ref();
-        Poll::Pending
     }
 }
 
@@ -91,33 +91,22 @@ impl HandlePageFault for PageFaultHandler {
     fn page_fault(
         &mut self,
         reason: hbvm::mem::MemoryAccessReason,
-        pagetable: &mut hbvm::mem::softpaging::paging::PageTable,
+        _pagetable: &mut hbvm::mem::softpaging::paging::PageTable,
         vaddr: hbvm::mem::Address,
         size: hbvm::mem::softpaging::PageSize,
         dataptr: *mut u8,
-    ) -> bool
+    ) -> bool {
-    where
+        error!("REASON: {reason} vaddr: {vaddr} size: {size:?} Dataptr {dataptr:p}");
-        Self: Sized,
-    {
-        log::error!(
-            "REASON: {reason} \
-             vaddr: {vaddr} \
-             size: {size:?} \
-             Dataptr {dataptr:p}",
-        );
-
         false
     }
 }
 
-const fn stack_layout() -> core::alloc::Layout {
+#[inline(always)]
-    unsafe { alloc::alloc::Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(STACK_SIZE, 4096) }
+const fn stack_layout() -> Layout {
+    unsafe { Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(STACK_SIZE, 4096) }
 }
 
-fn allocate_stack() -> NonNull<u8> {
+#[inline(always)]
-    let layout = stack_layout();
+fn allocate_stack() -> *mut u8 {
-    match NonNull::new(unsafe { alloc::alloc::alloc_zeroed(layout) }) {
+    unsafe { alloc_zeroed(stack_layout()) }
-        Some(ptr) => ptr,
-        None => alloc::alloc::handle_alloc_error(layout),
-    }
 }

kernel/src/ipc/buffer.rs

@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ pub enum BufferTypes {
     Bound(ArrayQueue<Message>),
 }
 /// Interproccess buffer
-pub struct IpcBuffer {
+pub struct IpcBuffer<'a> {
-    pub protocol: Protocol,
+    pub protocol: Protocol<'a>,
     pub buffer:   BufferTypes,
 }
 
-impl IpcBuffer {
+impl<'a> IpcBuffer<'a> {
     pub fn new(bounded: bool, length: u64) -> Self {
         log::debug!(
             "New IPCBuffer\r
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ impl IpcBuffer {
             length
         );
         match (bounded, length) {
-            (false, a) => {
+            (false, ..) => {
                 let buftype = BufferTypes::Unbound(SegQueue::new());
 
                 Self {
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ impl IpcBuffer {
     }
     pub fn push(&mut self, msg: Message) {
         match &self.buffer {
-            BufferTypes::Unbound(buff) => buff.push(msg.clone()),
+            BufferTypes::Unbound(buff) => buff.push(msg),
             BufferTypes::Bound(buff) => {
-                let _ = buff.push(msg.clone());
+                let _ = buff.push(msg);
             }
         };
     }

kernel/src/ipc/protocol.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 use {
     alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec},
     hashbrown::HashMap,
-    log::info,
 };
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
 pub struct Type {}
@@ -11,11 +10,11 @@ pub struct Funct {
     gives: Vec<String>,
 }
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub struct Protocol {
+pub struct Protocol<'a> {
-    types: HashMap<String, Type>,
+    types: HashMap<&'a str, Type>,
-    fns:   HashMap<String, Funct>,
+    fns:   HashMap<&'a str, Funct>,
 }
-impl Protocol {
+impl<'a> Protocol<'a> {
     pub fn void() -> Self {
         Self {
             types: HashMap::new(),
@@ -28,8 +27,8 @@ impl Protocol {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<String> for Protocol {
+impl<'a> From<&'a str> for Protocol<'a> {
-    fn from(value: alloc::string::String) -> Self {
+    fn from(value: &'a str) -> Self {
         let mut hm_t = HashMap::new();
         hm_t.insert(value, Type {});
         Self {

kernel/src/kmain.rs

@@ -2,27 +2,25 @@
 
 use {
     crate::{
-        arch::{hardware_random_u64, logging::SERIAL_CONSOLE},
+        arch::hardware_random_u64,
-        bootmodules::{build_cmd, BootModules},
+        bootmodules::BootModules,
-        capabilities,
+        //bootmodules::build_cmd,
         device_tree::DeviceTree,
         holeybytes::ExecThread,
-        ipc::buffer::{self, IpcBuffer},
+        ipc::buffer::IpcBuffer,
     },
-    alloc::format,
     hashbrown::HashMap,
     hbvm::mem::Address,
     limine::{Framebuffer, FramebufferRequest, NonNullPtr},
-    log::{debug, info, trace},
+    log::{debug, info},
     spin::{Lazy, Mutex},
-    xml::XMLElement,
 };
 
-pub fn kmain(cmdline: &str, boot_modules: BootModules) -> ! {
+pub fn kmain(_cmdline: &str, boot_modules: BootModules) -> ! {
     debug!("Entered kmain");
 
-    let kcmd = build_cmd("Kernel Command Line", cmdline);
+    // let kcmd = build_cmd("Kernel Command Line", cmdline);
-    trace!("Cmdline: {kcmd:?}");
+    // trace!("Cmdline: {kcmd:?}");
 
     // for (i, bm) in boot_modules.iter().enumerate() {
     //     let name = format!("module-{}", i);
@@ -68,17 +66,18 @@ pub fn kmain(cmdline: &str, boot_modules: BootModules) -> ! {
         fb1.address.as_ptr().unwrap() as *const u8
     );
 
-    let mut executor = crate::task::Executor::default();
+    let mut executor = crate::task::Executor::new(256);
     let bm_take = boot_modules.len();
     unsafe {
         for module in boot_modules.into_iter().take(bm_take) {
             let mut cmd = module.cmd;
             if cmd.len() > 2 {
-                // Remove the quotes
+                // // Remove the quotes
-                cmd.remove(0);
+                // cmd.remove(0);
-                cmd.pop();
+                // cmd.pop();
+                cmd = &cmd[1..cmd.len()]
             }
-            let cmd_len = cmd.as_bytes().len() as u64;
+            let cmd_len = cmd.len() as u64;
 
             log::info!("Spawning {} with arguments \"{}\"", module.path, cmd);
 
@@ -87,11 +86,10 @@ pub fn kmain(cmdline: &str, boot_modules: BootModules) -> ! {
                 if cmd_len > 0 {
                     thr.set_arguments(cmd.as_bytes().as_ptr() as u64, cmd_len);
                 }
-
                 if let Err(e) = thr.await {
                     log::error!("{e:?}");
                 }
-            });
+            })
         }
 
         info!("Random number: {}", hardware_random_u64());
@@ -108,8 +106,7 @@ pub static DEVICE_TREE: Lazy<Mutex<DeviceTree>> = Lazy::new(|| {
 });
 pub static FB_REQ: FramebufferRequest = FramebufferRequest::new(0);
 
-use alloc::vec::Vec;
+pub type IpcBuffers<'a> = HashMap<u64, IpcBuffer<'a>>;
-pub type IpcBuffers = HashMap<u64, IpcBuffer>;
 pub static IPC_BUFFERS: Lazy<Mutex<IpcBuffers>> = Lazy::new(|| {
     let mut bufs = HashMap::new();
     let log_buffer = IpcBuffer::new(false, 0);

kernel/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,19 @@
 //! The ableOS kernel.
 //! Named akern.
 //! Akern is woefully undersupported at the moment but we are looking to add support improve hardware discovery and make our lives as kernel and operating system developers easier and better
-
 #![no_std]
+#![feature(new_uninit)]
 #![feature(
     abi_x86_interrupt,
     alloc_error_handler,
-    inline_const,
-    panic_info_message,
-    pointer_is_aligned,
     ptr_sub_ptr,
     custom_test_frameworks,
     naked_functions,
     pointer_is_aligned_to
 )]
-#![allow(dead_code)]
 #![test_runner(crate::test_runner)]
+#![cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), allow(unused, deprecated))]
+#![allow(dead_code)]
 extern crate alloc;
 
 mod allocator;
@@ -42,6 +40,7 @@ pub const VERSION: Version = Version {
 };
 
 #[panic_handler]
+#[cfg(target_os = "none")]
 fn panic(info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
     arch::register_dump();
 
@@ -54,10 +53,8 @@ fn panic(info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
         ));
     }
 
-    if let Some(msg) = info.message() {
+    let msg = info.message();
-        let _ = crate::arch::log(format_args!("{msg}\r\n"));
+    let _ = crate::arch::log(format_args!("{msg}\r\n"));
-    }
-
     loop {}
 }
 

kernel/src/logger.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#![allow(deprecated)]
 // TODO: Add a logger api with logger levels and various outputs
 pub static TERMINAL_LOGGER: Lazy<Mutex<TermLogger>> = Lazy::new(|| Mutex::new(TermLogger::new()));
 

kernel/src/memory.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 //! The Memory Manager
 
-use alloc::collections::VecDeque;
+use {alloc::collections::VecDeque, derive_more::*};
-use derive_more::*;
 
 pub use crate::arch::PAGE_SIZE;
 pub const MAX_ORDER: usize = 10;
@@ -44,7 +43,7 @@ pub const MAX_ORDER: usize = 10;
     Sum,
     UpperHex,
 )]
-#[display(fmt = "0x{:x}", _0)]
+#[display("0x{:x}", _0)]
 #[from(forward)]
 pub struct VirtualAddress(usize);
 
@@ -55,11 +54,11 @@ impl VirtualAddress {
     pub fn vpns(&self) -> [usize; 3] {
         [
             // [20:12]
-            (self.0 >> 12) & 0x1ff,
+            (self.0 >> 12) & 0x1FF,
             // [29:21]
-            (self.0 >> 21) & 0x1ff,
+            (self.0 >> 21) & 0x1FF,
             // [38:30]
-            (self.0 >> 30) & 0x1ff,
+            (self.0 >> 30) & 0x1FF,
         ]
     }
 
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ impl VirtualAddress {
     Sum,
     UpperHex,
 )]
-#[display(fmt = "0x{:x}", _0)]
+#[display("0x{:x}", _0)]
 #[from(forward)]
 pub struct PhysicalAddress(usize);
 
@@ -125,11 +124,11 @@ impl PhysicalAddress {
     pub fn ppns(&self) -> [usize; 3] {
         [
             // [20:12]
-            (self.0 >> 12) & 0x1ff,
+            (self.0 >> 12) & 0x1FF,
             // [29:21]
-            (self.0 >> 21) & 0x1ff,
+            (self.0 >> 21) & 0x1FF,
             // [55:30]
-            (self.0 >> 30) & 0x3ffffff,
+            (self.0 >> 30) & 0x3FFFFFF,
         ]
     }
 

kernel/src/task.rs

@@ -1,31 +1,20 @@
-#![allow(unused)]
-
 use {
-    alloc::{boxed::Box, collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc, task::Wake},
+    alloc::{boxed::Box, sync::Arc},
     core::{
         future::Future,
         pin::Pin,
-        task::{Context, Poll, Waker},
+        task::{Context, Poll, RawWaker, RawWakerVTable, Waker},
     },
     crossbeam_queue::SegQueue,
-    kiam::when,
     slab::Slab,
-    spin::RwLock,
 };
 
-static SPAWN_QUEUE: RwLock<Option<SpawnQueue>> = RwLock::new(None);
-pub fn spawn(future: impl Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static) {
-    match &*SPAWN_QUEUE.read() {
-        Some(s) => s.push(Task::new(future)),
-        None => panic!("no task executor is running"),
-    }
-}
-
 pub fn yield_now() -> impl Future<Output = ()> {
     struct YieldNow(bool);
     impl Future for YieldNow {
         type Output = ();
 
+        #[inline(always)]
         fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
             if self.0 {
                 Poll::Ready(())
@@ -40,101 +29,150 @@ pub fn yield_now() -> impl Future<Output = ()> {
     YieldNow(false)
 }
 
-#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Executor<F: Future<Output = ()> + Send> {
-pub struct Executor {
+    tasks:      Slab<Task<F>>,
-    tasks:    Slab<Task>,
+    task_queue: Arc<TaskQueue>,
-    queue:    TaskQueue,
-    to_spawn: SpawnQueue,
-    wakers:   BTreeMap<TaskId, Waker>,
 }
 
-impl Executor {
+impl<F: Future<Output = ()> + Send> Executor<F> {
-    pub fn spawn(&mut self, future: impl Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static) {
+    pub fn new(size: usize) -> Self {
-        self.queue
+        Self {
-            .push(TaskId(self.tasks.insert(Task::new(future))));
+            tasks:      Slab::with_capacity(size),
+            task_queue: Arc::new(TaskQueue::new()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn spawn(&mut self, future: F) {
+        self.task_queue
+            .queue
+            .push(self.tasks.insert(Task::new(future)));
     }
 
     pub fn run(&mut self) {
-        {
+        let mut task_batch = [0; 32];
-            let mut global_spawner = SPAWN_QUEUE.write();
+        let mut batch_len = 0;
-            if global_spawner.is_some() {
-                panic!("Task executor is already running");
-            }
-
-            *global_spawner = Some(Arc::clone(&self.to_spawn));
-        }
 
         loop {
-            when! {
+            self.task_queue.batch_pop(&mut task_batch, &mut batch_len);
-                let Some(id) = self
-                    .to_spawn
-                    .pop()
-                    .map(|t| TaskId(self.tasks.insert(t)))
-                    .or_else(|| self.queue.pop())
-                => {
-                    let Some(task) = self.tasks.get_mut(id.0) else {
-                        panic!("Attempted to get task from empty slot: {}", id.0);
-                    };
 
-                    let mut cx = Context::from_waker(self.wakers.entry(id).or_insert_with(|| {
+            if batch_len == 0 {
-                        Waker::from(Arc::new(TaskWaker {
+                if self.task_queue.is_empty() {
-                            id,
+                    break;
-                            queue: Arc::clone(&self.queue),
+                } else {
-                        }))
+                    continue;
-                    }));
+                }
+            }
 
-                    match task.poll(&mut cx) {
+            for &id in &task_batch[..batch_len] {
-                        Poll::Ready(()) => {
+                if let Some(task) = self.tasks.get_mut(id) {
-                            self.tasks.remove(id.0);
+                    let waker = task
-                            self.wakers.remove(&id);
+                        .waker
-                        }
+                        .get_or_insert_with(|| TaskWaker::new(id, Arc::clone(&self.task_queue)));
-                        Poll::Pending => (),
+
+                    let waker = unsafe { Waker::from_raw(TaskWaker::into_raw_waker(waker)) };
+                    let mut cx = Context::from_waker(&waker);
+
+                    if let Poll::Ready(()) = task.poll(&mut cx) {
+                        self.tasks.remove(id);
+                        self.task_queue.free_tasks.push(id);
                     }
-                },
+                }
-                self.tasks.is_empty() => break,
-                _ => (),
             }
         }
-
-        *SPAWN_QUEUE.write() = None;
     }
 }
 
-struct Task {
+struct Task<F: Future<Output = ()> + Send> {
-    future: Pin<Box<dyn Future<Output = ()> + Send>>,
+    future: Pin<Box<F>>,
+    waker:  Option<TaskWaker>,
 }
 
-impl Task {
+impl<F: Future<Output = ()> + Send> Task<F> {
-    pub fn new(future: impl Future<Output = ()> + Send + 'static) -> Self {
+    #[inline(always)]
-        log::trace!("New task scheduled");
+    pub fn new(future: F) -> Self {
         Self {
             future: Box::pin(future),
+            waker:  None,
         }
     }
 
+    #[inline(always)]
     fn poll(&mut self, cx: &mut Context) -> Poll<()> {
         self.future.as_mut().poll(cx)
     }
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
-struct TaskId(usize);
-
-type TaskQueue = Arc<SegQueue<TaskId>>;
-type SpawnQueue = Arc<SegQueue<Task>>;
-
 struct TaskWaker {
-    id:    TaskId,
+    id: usize,
-    queue: TaskQueue,
+    task_queue: Arc<TaskQueue>,
 }
 
-impl Wake for TaskWaker {
+impl TaskWaker {
-    fn wake(self: Arc<Self>) {
+    #[inline(always)]
-        log::trace!("Woke Task-{:?}", self.id);
+    fn new(id: usize, task_queue: Arc<TaskQueue>) -> Self {
-        self.wake_by_ref();
+        Self { id, task_queue }
     }
 
-    fn wake_by_ref(self: &Arc<Self>) {
+    #[inline(always)]
-        self.queue.push(self.id);
+    fn wake(&self) {
+        self.task_queue.queue.push(self.id);
+    }
+
+    fn into_raw_waker(waker: &TaskWaker) -> RawWaker {
+        let ptr = waker as *const TaskWaker;
+        RawWaker::new(ptr.cast(), &VTABLE)
+    }
+}
+
+const VTABLE: RawWakerVTable = RawWakerVTable::new(clone_raw, wake_raw, wake_by_ref_raw, drop_raw);
+
+unsafe fn clone_raw(ptr: *const ()) -> RawWaker {
+    let waker = &*(ptr as *const TaskWaker);
+    TaskWaker::into_raw_waker(waker)
+}
+
+unsafe fn wake_raw(ptr: *const ()) {
+    let waker = &*(ptr as *const TaskWaker);
+    waker.wake();
+}
+
+unsafe fn wake_by_ref_raw(ptr: *const ()) {
+    let waker = &*(ptr as *const TaskWaker);
+    waker.wake();
+}
+
+unsafe fn drop_raw(_: *const ()) {}
+
+struct TaskQueue {
+    queue:      SegQueue<usize>,
+    next_task:  usize,
+    free_tasks: SegQueue<usize>,
+}
+
+impl TaskQueue {
+    fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            queue:      SegQueue::new(),
+            next_task:  0,
+            free_tasks: SegQueue::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn batch_pop(&self, output: &mut [usize], len: &mut usize) {
+        *len = 0;
+        while let Some(id) = self.queue.pop() {
+            output[*len] = id;
+            *len += 1;
+            if *len == output.len() {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.queue.is_empty()
     }
 }

repbuild/Cargo.toml

@@ -4,15 +4,26 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
-str-reader = "0.1.2"
+str-reader = "0.1"
-derive_more = "0.99"
+derive_more = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = [
-error-stack = "0.4"
+  "add",
+  "add_assign",
+  "constructor",
+  "display",
+  "from",
+  "into",
+  "mul",
+  "mul_assign",
+  "not",
+  "sum",
+] }
+error-stack = "0.5"
 fatfs = "0.3"
-toml = "0.5.2"
+toml = "0.8"
 # hbasm.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git"
 hblang.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git"
 
 [dependencies.reqwest]
-version = "0.11"
+version = "0.12"
 default-features = false
 features = ["rustls-tls", "blocking"]

repbuild/src/dev.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+#![allow(unused)]
 use std::{
     fmt::format,
     fs::{read_to_string, File},

repbuild/src/main.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+// #![allow(unused)]
+
 mod dev;
 
 use {
@@ -6,7 +8,7 @@ use {
     error_stack::{bail, report, Context, Report, Result, ResultExt},
     fatfs::{FileSystem, FormatVolumeOptions, FsOptions, ReadWriteSeek},
     std::{
-        fmt::Display,
+        // fmt::Display,
         fs::{self, File},
         io::{self, Write},
         path::Path,
@@ -193,7 +195,7 @@ TERM_BACKDROP={}
         let modules = value.get_mut("modules").unwrap().as_table_mut().unwrap();
         // let mut real_modules = modules.clone();
 
-        modules.into_iter().for_each(|(key, value)| {
+        modules.into_iter().for_each(|(_, value)| {
             if value.is_table() {
                 let path = get_path_without_boot_prefix(
                     value.get("path").expect("You must have `path` as a value"),
@@ -242,7 +244,7 @@ TERM_BACKDROP={}
     let bootdir = fs.root_dir().create_dir("efi")?.create_dir("boot")?;
 
     let mut f = fs.root_dir().create_file("limine.cfg")?;
-    let a = f.write(limine_str.as_bytes())?;
+    let _ = f.write(limine_str.as_bytes())?;
     drop(f);
 
     io::copy(
@@ -368,7 +370,7 @@ fn run(release: bool, target: Target) -> Result<(), Error> {
             #[rustfmt::skip]
             com.args([
                 "-M", "virt",
-                "-cpu", "cortex-a72",
+                "-cpu", "neoverse-n2",
                 "-device", "ramfb",
                 "-device", "qemu-xhci",
                 "-device", "usb-kbd",
@@ -427,11 +429,11 @@ fn fetch_ovmf(target: Target) -> Result<String, OvmfFetchError> {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Display)]
 enum OvmfFetchError {
-    #[display(fmt = "Failed to fetch OVMF package")]
+    #[display("Failed to fetch OVMF package")]
     Fetch,
-    #[display(fmt = "No OVMF package available")]
+    #[display("No OVMF package available")]
     Empty,
-    #[display(fmt = "IO Error")]
+    #[display("IO Error")]
     Io,
 }
 
@@ -444,26 +446,28 @@ enum Target {
     Aarch64,
 }
 
+#[allow(unused)]
 #[derive(Debug, Display)]
 enum Error {
-    #[display(fmt = "Failed to build the kernel")]
+    #[display("Failed to build the kernel")]
     Build,
-    #[display(fmt = "Missing or invalid subcommand (available: build, run)")]
+    #[display("Missing or invalid subcommand (available: build, run)")]
     InvalidSubCom,
-    #[display(fmt = "IO Error")]
+    #[display("IO Error")]
     Io,
-    #[display(fmt = "Failed to spawn a process")]
+    #[display("Failed to spawn a process")]
     ProcessSpawn,
-    #[display(fmt = "Failed to fetch UEFI firmware")]
+    #[display("Failed to fetch UEFI firmware")]
     OvmfFetch,
-    #[display(fmt = "Failed to assemble Holey Bytes code")]
+    #[display("Failed to assemble Holey Bytes code")]
     Assembler,
-    #[display(fmt = "QEMU Error: {}", "fmt_qemu_err(*_0)")]
+    #[display("QEMU Error: {}", "fmt_qemu_err(*_0)")]
     Qemu(Option<i32>),
 }
 
 impl Context for Error {}
 
+#[allow(dead_code)]
 fn fmt_qemu_err(e: Option<i32>) -> impl Display {
     struct W(Option<i32>);
     impl Display for W {

rust-toolchain.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 [toolchain]
-channel = "nightly-2024-05-17"
+channel = "nightly-2024-07-27"
 components = ["rust-src", "llvm-tools"]

sysdata/libraries/render/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Rendering interface for SVGA and Software renderers
+
+# TODO:
+
+- SVGA Driver
+  - needs pci driver
+  - needs init (requiring program)
+- Double Buffer mode for Software renderer
+  - needs init (requiring program)

sysdata/libraries/render/src/lib.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+svga := @use("rel:svga.hb")
+software := @use("rel:software.hb")
+
+// default mode
+mode := software
+
+init := mode.init
+doublebuffer := mode.doublebuffer
+
+// Colours
+Color := mode.Color
+white := mode.white
+black := mode.black
+gray := mode.gray
+red := mode.red
+green := mode.green
+yellow := mode.yellow
+blue := mode.blue
+magenta := mode.magenta
+cyan := mode.cyan
+light_gray := mode.light_gray
+light_red := mode.light_red
+light_green := mode.light_green
+light_yellow := mode.light_yellow
+light_blue := mode.light_blue
+light_magenta := mode.light_magenta
+light_cyan := mode.light_cyan
+
+// Drawing
+put_pixel := mode.put_pixel
+put_rect := mode.put_rect
+put_filled_rect := mode.put_filled_rect
+put_line := mode.put_line
+clear := mode.clear
+
+// Display
+width := mode.width
+height := mode.height
+dimensions := mode.dimensions
+set_height := mode.set_height
+set_width := mode.set_width
+set_dimensions := mode.set_dimensions
+sync := mode.sync
+
+// Math
+UVec2 := struct {x: uint, y: uint}
+IVec2 := struct {x: int, y: int}

sysdata/libraries/render/src/software.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+.{math, memory} := @use("../../stn/src/lib.hb");
+.{IVec2} := @use("rel:lib.hb")
+
+Color := struct {b: u8, g: u8, r: u8, a: u8}
+white := Color.(255, 255, 255, 255)
+black := Color.(0, 0, 0, 255)
+gray := Color.(127, 127, 127, 255)
+red := Color.(0, 0, 205, 255)
+green := Color.(0, 205, 0, 255)
+yellow := Color.(0, 205, 205, 255)
+blue := Color.(205, 0, 0, 255)
+magenta := Color.(205, 0, 205, 255)
+cyan := Color.(205, 205, 0, 255)
+light_gray := Color.(229, 229, 229, 255)
+light_red := Color.(0, 0, 255, 255)
+light_green := Color.(0, 255, 0, 255)
+light_yellow := Color.(0, 255, 255, 255)
+light_blue := Color.(255, 0, 0, 255)
+light_magenta := Color.(255, 0, 255, 255)
+light_cyan := Color.(255, 255, 0, 255)
+
+// fb_width := 1024
+// fb_height := 768
+// fb_pixels := fb_width * fb_height
+// fb_bytes := fb_pixels << 2
+copy_pixels := 0xC000 >> 2
+// partitions := fb_pixels / copy_pixels
+// total_pages := 1 + fb_bytes >> 12
+
+ctx := @as(Context, idk)
+
+Context := struct {
+	fb: ^Color,
+	bb: ^Color,
+	buf: ^Color,
+	width: int,
+	height: int,
+	partitions: int,
+	pixels: int,
+	bb_pages: int,
+	double_buffer: bool,
+}
+
+init := fn(): void {
+	width := @eca(int, 3, 6, "w\0", 2)
+	height := @eca(int, 3, 6, "h\0", 2)
+	// width := 1024
+	// height := 768
+	pixels := width * height
+	bytes := pixels << 2
+	partitions := pixels / copy_pixels
+	pages := 1 + bytes >> 12
+	back_buffer := create_back_buffer(pages)
+	ctx = Context.{
+		fb: @eca(^Color, 3, 6, "p\0", 2),
+		bb: back_buffer,
+		buf: back_buffer,
+		width,
+		height,
+		partitions,
+		pixels,
+		bb_pages: pages,
+		double_buffer: true,
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+doublebuffer := fn(enable: bool): void {
+	if enable {
+		ctx.buf = ctx.bb
+	} else {
+		ctx.buf = ctx.fb
+	}
+	ctx.double_buffer = enable
+	return
+}
+
+create_back_buffer := fn(pages: int): ^Color {
+	if pages <= 0xFF {
+		return @bitcast(@inline(memory.request_page, pages))
+	}
+	ptr := @inline(memory.request_page, 255)
+	remaining := pages - 0xFF
+	loop if remaining <= 0 break else {
+		if remaining < 0xFF {
+			memory.request_page(remaining)
+		} else {
+			memory.request_page(0xFF)
+		}
+		remaining -= 0xFF
+	}
+	return @bitcast(ptr)
+}
+
+clear := fn(color: Color): void {
+	cursor := ctx.buf
+	boundary := cursor + 512
+	loop if cursor == boundary break else {
+		*cursor = color
+		cursor += 1
+	}
+	boundary += 512 * 7
+	loop if cursor == boundary break else {
+		*@as(^[Color; 512], @bitcast(cursor)) = *@as(^[Color; 512], @bitcast(ctx.buf))
+		cursor += 512
+	}
+	boundary += copy_pixels - 4096
+	loop if cursor == boundary break else {
+		*@as(^[Color; 4096], @bitcast(cursor)) = *@as(^[Color; 4096], @bitcast(ctx.buf))
+		cursor += 4096
+	}
+	boundary += (ctx.partitions - 1) * copy_pixels
+	loop if cursor == boundary break else {
+		*@as(^[Color; copy_pixels], @bitcast(cursor)) = *@as(^[Color; copy_pixels], @bitcast(ctx.buf))
+		cursor += @sizeof([u8; copy_pixels])
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+sync := fn(): void {
+	if ctx.double_buffer {
+		bb := ctx.buf
+		fb := ctx.fb
+		boundary := bb + ctx.pixels
+		loop if bb == boundary break else {
+			*@as(^[Color; copy_pixels], @bitcast(fb)) = *@as(^[Color; copy_pixels], @bitcast(bb))
+			bb += copy_pixels
+			fb += copy_pixels
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+width := fn(): int {
+	return ctx.width
+}
+
+height := fn(): int {
+	return ctx.height
+}
+
+screenidx := fn(x: int, y: int): int {
+	return x + ctx.width * y
+}
+
+put_pixel := fn(pos: IVec2, color: Color): void {
+	*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, pos.x, pos.y)) = color
+	return
+}
+
+put_filled_rect := fn(pos: IVec2, tr: IVec2, color: Color): void {
+	x := pos.x
+	y := pos.y
+	end := pos + tr
+	loop if x == end.x break else {
+		loop if y == end.y break else {
+			*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x, y)) = color
+			y += 1
+		}
+		x += 1
+		y = pos.y
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+put_rect := fn(pos: IVec2, tr: IVec2, color: Color): void {
+	x := pos.x
+	y := pos.y
+	end := pos + tr
+	loop if y == end.y break else {
+		*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x, y)) = color;
+		*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x + tr.x, y)) = color
+		y += 1
+	}
+	y = pos.y
+	loop if x == end.x break else {
+		*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x, y)) = color;
+		*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x, y + tr.y)) = color
+		x += 1
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+put_line_low := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
+	dx := p1.x - p0.x
+	dy := p1.y - p0.y
+	yi := 1
+	if dy < 0 {
+		yi = 0 - 1
+		dy = 0 - dy
+	}
+	D := 2 * dy - dx
+	y := p0.y
+	x := p0.x
+	loop if x == p1.x break else {
+		*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x, y)) = color
+		if D > 0 {
+			y += yi
+			D += 2 * (dy - dx)
+		} else {
+			D += 2 * dy
+		}
+		x += 1
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+put_line_high := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
+	dx := p1.x - p0.x
+	dy := p1.y - p0.y
+	xi := 1
+	if dy < 0 {
+		xi = 0 - 1
+		dx = 0 - dx
+	}
+	D := 2 * dx - dy
+	x := p0.x
+	y := p0.y
+	loop if y == p1.y break else {
+		*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x, y)) = color
+		if D > 0 {
+			x += xi
+			D += 2 * (dx - dy)
+		} else {
+			D += 2 * dx
+		}
+		y += 1
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+put_line := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
+	if @inline(math.abs, p1.y - p0.y) < @inline(math.abs, p1.x - p0.x) {
+		if p0.x > p1.x {
+			@inline(put_line_low, p1, p0, color)
+		} else {
+			@inline(put_line_low, p0, p1, color)
+		}
+	} else {
+		if p0.y > p1.y {
+			@inline(put_line_high, p1, p0, color)
+		} else {
+			@inline(put_line_high, p0, p1, color)
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+set_height := fn(new: int): void {
+	return
+}
+
+set_width := fn(new: int): void {
+	return
+}
+
+dimensions := fn(): IVec2 {
+	return .(ctx.width, ctx.height)
+}
+
+set_dimensions := fn(new: IVec2): void {
+	return
+}

sysdata/libraries/render/src/svga.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+.{pci, memory, string, log} := @use("../../stn/src/lib.hb");
+.{IVec2} := @use("rel:lib.hb")
+
+Color := struct {b: u8, g: u8, r: u8, a: u8}
+white := Color.(255, 255, 255, 255)
+black := Color.(0, 0, 0, 255)
+gray := Color.(127, 127, 127, 255)
+red := Color.(0, 0, 205, 255)
+green := Color.(0, 205, 0, 255)
+yellow := Color.(0, 205, 205, 255)
+blue := Color.(205, 0, 0, 255)
+magenta := Color.(205, 0, 205, 255)
+cyan := Color.(205, 205, 0, 255)
+light_gray := Color.(229, 229, 229, 255)
+light_red := Color.(0, 0, 255, 255)
+light_green := Color.(0, 255, 0, 255)
+light_yellow := Color.(0, 255, 255, 255)
+light_blue := Color.(255, 0, 0, 255)
+light_magenta := Color.(255, 0, 255, 255)
+light_cyan := Color.(255, 255, 0, 255)
+
+clear := fn(color: Color): void {
+	return
+}
+
+width := fn(): int {
+	return 0
+}
+
+height := fn(): int {
+	return 0
+}
+
+dimensions := fn(): IVec2 {
+	return .(0, 0)
+}
+
+put_pixel := fn(position: IVec2, color: Color): void {
+	return
+}
+
+put_filled_rect := fn(pos: IVec2, tr: IVec2, color: Color): void {
+	return
+}
+
+put_rect := fn(pos: IVec2, tr: IVec2, color: Color): void {
+	return
+}
+
+put_line_low := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
+	return
+}
+// do not use, use line() instead
+put_line_high := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
+	return
+}
+
+put_line := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
+	return
+}
+
+set_height := fn(new: int): void {
+	return
+}
+
+set_width := fn(new: int): void {
+	return
+}
+
+set_dimensions := fn(new: IVec2): void {
+	return
+}
+
+sync := fn(): void {
+	return
+}
+
+init := fn(): void {
+	b := memory.request_page(1)
+	bus := 0
+	device := 0
+	loop if bus == 256 break else {
+		loop if device == 32 break else {
+			a := pci.config_read(0, 0, 0, 0)
+			log.info(string.display_int(a, b))
+			device += 1
+		}
+		bus += 1
+	}
+	return
+}

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/lib.hb

@@ -4,3 +4,4 @@ memory := @use("rel:memory.hb")
 buffer := @use("rel:buffer.hb")
 math := @use("rel:math.hb")
 random := @use("rel:random.hb")
+pci := @use("rel:pci.hb")

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/math.hb

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-SIZEOF_INT := 31
+shift := 31
 
+// following only work for: int
 abs := fn(x: int): int {
-	mask := x >> SIZEOF_INT
+	mask := x >> shift
 	return (x ^ mask) - mask
 }
 min := fn(a: int, b: int): int {
 	c := a - b
-	return b + (c & c >> SIZEOF_INT)
+	return b + (c & c >> shift)
 }
-max := fn(a: int, b: int): int {
+max := fn(a: int, b: uint): int {
 	c := a - b
-	return a - (c & c >> SIZEOF_INT)
+	return a - (c & c >> shift)
 }

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/memory.hb

@@ -19,26 +19,26 @@ release_page := fn(ptr: ^u8, page_count: u8): void {
 
 outb := fn(addr: u16, value: u8): void {
 	msg := "\0\0\0\0\0";
-	*msg = 1;
+	*@as(^u8, msg) = @as(u8, 1);
-	*(msg + 1) = 0;
+	*@as(^u8, msg + 1) = @as(u8, 0);
 	*@as(^u16, @bitcast(msg + 2)) = addr;
-	*(msg + 4) = value
+	*@as(^u8, msg + 4) = value
 	@eca(void, 3, 3, msg, 5)
 	return
 }
 
 inb := fn(addr: u16): u8 {
 	msg := "\0\0\0\0";
-	*msg = 0;
+	*@as(^u8, msg) = @as(u8, 0);
-	*(msg + 1) = 0;
+	*@as(^u8, msg + 1) = @as(u8, 0);
 	*@as(^u16, @bitcast(msg + 2)) = addr
 	return @eca(u8, 3, 3, msg, 4)
 }
 
 outl := fn(addr: u16, value: u32): void {
 	msg := "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0";
-	*msg = 1;
+	*@as(^u8, msg) = @as(u8, 1);
-	*(msg + 1) = 2;
+	*@as(^u8, msg + 1) = @as(u8, 2);
 	*@as(^u16, @bitcast(msg + 2)) = addr;
 	*@as(^u32, @bitcast(msg + 4)) = value
 	@eca(void, 3, 3, msg, 8)
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ outl := fn(addr: u16, value: u32): void {
 
 inl := fn(addr: u16): u32 {
 	msg := "\0\0\0\0";
-	*msg = 0;
+	*@as(^u8, msg) = @as(u8, 0);
-	*(msg + 1) = 2;
+	*@as(^u8, msg + 1) = @as(u8, 2);
 	*@as(^u16, @bitcast(msg + 2)) = addr
 	return @eca(u32, 3, 3, msg, 4)
 }

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/pci.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+.{inl, outl} := @use("rel:memory.hb")
+
+config_read := fn(bus: u8, device: u8, func: u8, offset: u8): u32 {
+	lbus := @as(u32, bus)
+	ldevice := @as(u32, device)
+	lfunc := @as(u32, func)
+	loffset := @as(u32, offset)
+
+	address := lbus << 16 | ldevice << 11 | lfunc << 8 | loffset & 0xFC | @as(u32, 0x80000000)
+
+	outl(0xCF8, address)
+	return inl(0xCFC)
+}
+
+config_write := fn(bus: u8, device: u8, func: u8, offset: u8, value: u32): void {
+	lbus := @as(u32, bus)
+	ldevice := @as(u32, device)
+	lfunc := @as(u32, func)
+	loffset := @as(u32, offset)
+
+	address := lbus << 16 | ldevice << 11 | lfunc << 8 | loffset & 0xFC | @as(u32, 0x80000000)
+
+	outl(0xCF8, address)
+	outl(0xCFC, value)
+}
+
+get_header_type := fn(bus: u8, device: u8, func: u8): u8 {
+	return @as(u8, config_read(bus, device, func, 0xC) >> 16 & 0xFF)
+}
+
+Ids := struct {vendor: u16, device: u16}
+
+get_ids := fn(bus: u8, device: u8, func: u8): Ids {
+	res := config_read(bus, device, func, 0)
+	return .(@as(u16, res >> 16 & 0xFFFF), @as(u16, res & 0xFFFF))
+}
+
+PciDeviceInfo := struct {header_type: u8, device: u8, bus: u8, device_id: Ids, full_class: u16, rev_id: u8}
+
+check_device := fn(bus: u8, device: u8): PciDeviceInfo {
+	ids := get_ids(bus, device, 0)
+	if ids.vendor == 0xFFFF {
+		return .(0, 0, 0, .(0, 0), 0, 0)
+	}
+	reg2 := config_read(bus, device, 0, 0x8)
+	class := @as(u16, reg2 >> 16 & 0xFFFF)
+	header_type := get_header_type(bus, device, 0)
+
+	return .(header_type, device, bus, ids, class, @as(u8, reg2 & 0xFF))
+}

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/random.hb

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-integer := fn(min: int, max: int): int {
+integer := fn(): int {
-	rng := @eca(int, 3, 4)
+	return @eca(int, 3, 4)
-
+}
-	if min != 0 | max != 0 {
+
-		return rng % (max - min + 1) + min
+integer_range := fn(min: int, max: int): int {
-	}
+	return @eca(int, 3, 4) % (max - min + 1) + min
-	return rng
 }

sysdata/programs/diskio_driver/src/main.hb

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 main := fn(): int {
 	// shuts down ableOS
-	//memory.outb(0xF400, 0)
+	// memory.outb(0xF400, 0)
 
 	a := memory.inb(0x4600)
 	b := memory.inb(0x4700)

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/README.md

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-# Framebuffer Driver
-A simple framebuffer driver.

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/UNTESTED_FUNCTIONS

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-color.blend
-
-lib.composite
-lib.screen2rect
-lib.rect2screen
-
-draw.tri_line

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/src/color.hb

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-ColorBGRA := struct {b: u8, g: u8, r: u8, a: u8}
-
-/* ALL the colo(u)rs you will ever need.
-   they dont work though, cause hblang bug (reg id leaked, again) */
-WHITE := ColorBGRA.{b: 255, g: 255, r: 255, a: 255}
-BLACK := ColorBGRA.{b: 0, g: 0, r: 0, a: 255}
-GRAY := ColorBGRA.{b: 127, g: 127, r: 127, a: 255}
-RED := ColorBGRA.{b: 0, g: 0, r: 205, a: 255}
-GREEN := ColorBGRA.{b: 0, g: 205, r: 0, a: 255}
-YELLOW := ColorBGRA.{b: 0, g: 205, r: 205, a: 255}
-BLUE := ColorBGRA.{b: 205, g: 0, r: 0, a: 255}
-MAGENTA := ColorBGRA.{b: 205, g: 0, r: 205, a: 255}
-CYAN := ColorBGRA.{b: 205, g: 205, r: 0, a: 255}
-LIGHTGRAY := ColorBGRA.{b: 229, g: 229, r: 229, a: 255}
-LIGHTRED := ColorBGRA.{b: 0, g: 0, r: 255, a: 255}
-LIGHTGREEN := ColorBGRA.{b: 0, g: 255, r: 0, a: 255}
-LIGHTYELLOW := ColorBGRA.{b: 0, g: 255, r: 255, a: 255}
-LIGHTBLUE := ColorBGRA.{b: 255, g: 0, r: 0, a: 255}
-LIGHTMAGENTA := ColorBGRA.{b: 255, g: 0, r: 255, a: 255}
-LIGHTCYAN := ColorBGRA.{b: 255, g: 255, r: 0, a: 255}
-
-// i have no clue if this works. please don't me ask how it works. -koniifer
-blend := fn(fg: ColorBGRA, bg: ColorBGRA): ColorBGRA {
-	s := fg + bg
-	m := s - ((fg ^ bg) & 0x1010100) & 0x1010100
-	return (m >> 8 | 0x1000000 * (s < fg)) * 0xFF | s - m
-}

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/src/draw.hb

@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-.{draw_pixel, screenidx, Transform, Point, Rect, Buffer, FB_WIDTH} := @use("rel:lib.hb");
-.{math} := @use("../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb");
-.{ColorBGRA} := @use("rel:color.hb")
-
-/* draws a filled rectangle to the screen
-   will be optimised later */
-rect_fill := fn(buffer: Buffer, pos: Point, tr: Transform, color: ColorBGRA): void {
-	n := 0
-	loop if n == tr.height * tr.width break else {
-		*(buffer.write + @inline(screenidx, .(n % tr.width + pos.x, n / tr.width + pos.y))) = color
-		n += 1
-	}
-	return
-}
-/* draws a wireframe rectangle to the screen
-   will also be optimised later */
-rect_line := fn(buffer: Buffer, pos: Point, tr: Transform, color: ColorBGRA, thickness: int): void {
-	t := 0
-	y := 0
-	x := 0
-	loop if t == thickness break else {
-		y = pos.y
-		x = pos.x
-		loop if y == pos.y + tr.height break else {
-			*(buffer.write + @inline(screenidx, .(pos.x + t, y))) = color;
-			*(buffer.write + @inline(screenidx, .(pos.x + tr.width - t, y))) = color
-			y += 1
-		}
-		loop if x == pos.x + tr.width break else {
-			*(buffer.write + @inline(screenidx, .(x, pos.y + t))) = color;
-			*(buffer.write + @inline(screenidx, .(x, pos.y + tr.height - t))) = color
-			x += 1
-		}
-		t += 1
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// do not use, use line() instead
-line_low := fn(buffer: Buffer, p0: Point, p1: Point, color: ColorBGRA): void {
-	dx := p1.x - p0.x
-	dy := p1.y - p0.y
-	yi := 1
-	if dy < 0 {
-		yi = 0 - 1
-		dy = 0 - dy
-	}
-	D := 2 * dy - dx
-	y := p0.y
-	x := p0.x
-	loop if x == p1.x break else {
-		*(buffer.write + @inline(screenidx, .(x, y))) = color
-		if D > 0 {
-			y += yi
-			D += 2 * (dy - dx)
-		} else {
-			D += 2 * dy
-		}
-		x += 1
-	}
-	return
-}
-// do not use, use line() instead
-line_high := fn(buffer: Buffer, p0: Point, p1: Point, color: ColorBGRA): void {
-	dx := p1.x - p0.x
-	dy := p1.y - p0.y
-	xi := 1
-	if dy < 0 {
-		xi = 0 - 1
-		dx = 0 - dx
-	}
-	D := 2 * dx - dy
-	x := p0.x
-	y := p0.y
-	loop if y == p1.y break else {
-		*(buffer.write + @inline(screenidx, .(x, y))) = color
-		if D > 0 {
-			x += xi
-			D += 2 * (dx - dy)
-		} else {
-			D += 2 * dx
-		}
-		y += 1
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-/* implementation of Bresenham's line algorithm
-   TODO: thickness, might need better math library */
-line := fn(buffer: Buffer, p0: Point, p1: Point, color: ColorBGRA, thickness: int): void {
-	if @inline(math.abs, p1.y - p0.y) < @inline(math.abs, p1.x - p0.x) {
-		if p0.x > p1.x {
-			@inline(line_low, buffer, p1, p0, color)
-		} else {
-			@inline(line_low, buffer, p0, p1, color)
-		}
-	} else {
-		if p0.y > p1.y {
-			@inline(line_high, buffer, p1, p0, color)
-		} else {
-			@inline(line_high, buffer, p0, p1, color)
-		}
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-// theoretically draws a wireframe polygon to the screen. untested.
-tri_line := fn(buffer: Buffer, p0: Point, p1: Point, p2: Point, color: ColorBGRA, thickness: int): void {
-	line(buffer, p0, p1, color, thickness)
-	line(buffer, p1, p2, color, thickness)
-	line(buffer, p2, p0, color, thickness)
-	return
-}

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/src/examples/amogus.hb

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-.{rect_line} := @use("../draw.hb");
-.{present, create_buffer, clear} := @use("../lib.hb")
-
-/* expected result:
-   the impostor travels left and loops around the screen */
-
-example := fn(): void {
-	// Creates a back buffer, which we write to, to avoid screen flickering
-	buffer := create_buffer()
-	x := 0
-	loop {
-		// draw all our shapes to the back buffer
-		rect_line(buffer, .(200 - x, 80), .(430, 380), .(0, 0, 255, 0), 1)
-		rect_line(buffer, .(630 - x, 120), .(120, 300), .(0, 0, 255, 0), 1)
-		rect_line(buffer, .(200 - x, 460), .(160, 270), .(0, 0, 255, 0), 1)
-		rect_line(buffer, .(470 - x, 460), .(160, 270), .(0, 0, 255, 0), 1)
-		rect_line(buffer, .(140 - x, 140), .(340, 250), .(255, 255, 0, 0), 1)
-		/* push the back buffer to the front buffer
-		   this displays our image to the screen */
-		present(buffer)
-		// erase our old image
-		clear(buffer, .(0, 0, 0, 0))
-		x += 1
-	}
-	return
-}

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/src/examples/buffers.hb

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-.{front_buffer_ptr, front_buffer_copy, get_front_buffer, Buffer} := @use("../lib.hb");
-
-example := fn(): void {
-	// you can get the raw frontbuffer pointer using
-	raw_buffer := front_buffer_ptr
-	// this buffer is the one that you write individual pixels to
-
-	// you can gete the copy frontbuffer pointer using
-	copy_buffer := front_buffer_copy
-	/* this buffer is used for massive writing
-       operations by taking advantage of
-       static copying */
-
-	// you can construct a buffer like so
-	buffer := Buffer.{write: raw_buffer, copy: copy_buffer}
-	// this is the operation that get_front_buffer does
-	same_buffer := get_front_buffer()
-	return
-}

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/src/examples/colors.hb

@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
-.{clear, create_buffer, present} := @use("../lib.hb");
-.{ColorBGRA} := @use("../color.hb")
-
-/* expected result:
-   the screen fades from green to cyan
-   then wraps back to green
-   note that this may happen too fast for you to notice... */
-
-example := fn(): void {
-	// creates a back buffer, which we write to, to avoid screen flickering
-	buffer := create_buffer()
-	color := ColorBGRA.(0, 255, 0, 255)
-	/* have to explicitly say 0 is a u8, or we do something crazy to the colors.
-	   looks like a compiler bug */
-	n := @as(u8, 0) - 1
-	loop {
-		clear(buffer, color)
-		present(buffer)
-		/* because for some reason just comparing doesnt work.
-		   also looks like a compiler bug */
-		if (color.b & 255) == 255 | (color.b & 255) == 0 {
-			n = 0 - n
-		}
-		color.b += n
-	}
-	return
-}

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/src/examples/lines.hb

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-.{line} := @use("../draw.hb");
-.{clear, create_buffer, present, FB_WIDTH, FB_HEIGHT, Point} := @use("../lib.hb")
-
-/* expected result:
-   a 3d-looking blue set of lines
-   created on a blue background */
-
-example := fn(): void {
-	// creates a back buffer, which we write to, to avoid screen flickering
-	buffer := create_buffer()
-	// fill the screen in blue
-	clear(buffer, .(100, 50, 0, 255))
-	p0 := Point.(0, 0 - 1)
-	p1 := Point.(0, FB_HEIGHT - 1)
-	loop if p0.y >= FB_HEIGHT break else {
-		// draw a line between p0 and p1
-		line(buffer, p0, p1, .(255, 180, 100, 255), 3)
-		p0.y += FB_HEIGHT >> 6
-		p1.x += FB_WIDTH >> 6
-	}
-	/* push the back buffer to the front buffer
-	   this displays our image to the screen */
-	present(buffer)
-	return
-}

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/src/examples/random.hb

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-.{clear, get_front_buffer, screenidx} := @use("../lib.hb");
-.{ColorBGRA} := @use("../color.hb");
-.{random} := @use("../../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb")
-
-example := fn(): void {
-	buffer := get_front_buffer()
-	clear(buffer)
-	loop {
-		x := random.integer(0, 1024)
-		y := random.integer(0, 768)
-		r := random.integer(0, 255)
-		g := random.integer(0, 75)
-		b := random.integer(0, 155);
-		*(buffer.write + @inline(screenidx, .(x, y))) = ColorBGRA.(b, g, r, 255)
-	}
-	return
-}

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/src/examples/square.hb

@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-.{rect_line} := @use("../draw.hb");
-.{clear, create_buffer, present, Point, FB_HEIGHT, FB_WIDTH} := @use("../lib.hb")
-
-/* expected result:
-   the white outline of a square bounces around the screen */
-
-example := fn(): void {
-	// creates a back buffer, which we write to, to avoid screen flickering
-	buffer := create_buffer()
-	vel := Point.{x: 1, y: 1}
-	pos := Point.{x: 100, y: 100}
-	loop {
-		// draw the square at our current position
-		rect_line(buffer, pos, .(100, 100), .(255, 255, 255, 255), 3)
-		/* push the back buffer to the front buffer
-		   this displays our image to the screen */
-		present(buffer)
-		// erase our old image
-		clear(buffer, .(0, 0, 0, 0))
-
-		// bounce the square if it touches the screen edges
-		if pos.x == 0 | pos.x == FB_WIDTH - 100 {
-			vel.x = 0 - vel.x
-		}
-		if pos.y == 0 | pos.y == FB_HEIGHT - 100 {
-			vel.y = 0 - vel.y
-		}
-
-		pos += vel
-	}
-	return
-}

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/src/examples/strobe.hb

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-.{clear, create_buffer, present} := @use("../lib.hb")
-
-/* expected result: (EPILEPSY WARNING)
-   the screen rapidly flashes red then black */
-
-example := fn(): void {
-	// creates a back buffer, which we write to, to avoid screen flickering
-	buffer := create_buffer()
-	loop {
-		// screen go red
-		clear(buffer, .(0, 0, 255, 0))
-		// show the red
-		present(buffer)
-		// screen go black
-		clear(buffer, .(0, 255, 255, 0))
-		// show the black
-		present(buffer)
-	}
-	return
-}

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/src/lib.hb

@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-.{memory, math} := @use("../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb");
-.{ColorBGRA, blend} := @use("rel:color.hb")
-
-FB_WIDTH := 1024
-FB_HEIGHT := 768
-FB_PIXELS := FB_WIDTH * FB_HEIGHT
-FB_BYTES := FB_PIXELS << 2
-// actual enforced max copy size is 0xFFFF, but this was faster
-MAX_COPY_SIZE := 0x1800
-COPY_PIXELS := math.min(MAX_COPY_SIZE, FB_BYTES) >> 2
-PARTITIONS := FB_PIXELS / COPY_PIXELS
-TOTAL_PAGES := 1 + FB_BYTES >> 12
-
-Buffer := struct {write: ^ColorBGRA, copy: ^[ColorBGRA; COPY_PIXELS]}
-Point := struct {x: int, y: int}
-Transform := struct {width: int, height: int}
-
-front_buffer_ptr := @as(^ColorBGRA, @bitcast(0xFFFF8000C0000000))
-front_buffer_copy := @as(^[ColorBGRA; COPY_PIXELS], @bitcast(front_buffer_ptr))
-
-get_front_buffer := fn(): Buffer {
-	// trying to return front_buffer_ptr or front_buffer_copy causes reg id leak
-	buffer := Buffer.{write: front_buffer_ptr, copy: front_buffer_copy}
-	return buffer
-}
-/* this is separate to create_raw_buffer because returning a Buffer from 
-   create_raw_buffer causes reg id leak */
-create_buffer := fn(): Buffer {
-	ptr := @inline(create_raw_buffer)
-	buffer := Buffer.{write: ptr, copy: @as(^[ColorBGRA; COPY_PIXELS], @bitcast(ptr))}
-	return buffer
-}
-create_raw_buffer := fn(): ^ColorBGRA {
-	if TOTAL_PAGES <= 0xFF {
-		return @bitcast(@inline(memory.request_page, TOTAL_PAGES))
-	}
-	ptr := @inline(memory.request_page, 255)
-	remaining := TOTAL_PAGES - 0xFF
-	loop if remaining <= 0 break else {
-		if remaining < 0xFF {
-			memory.request_page(remaining)
-		} else {
-			memory.request_page(0xFF)
-		}
-		remaining -= 0xFF
-	}
-	return @bitcast(ptr)
-}
-// sets the buffer to the color. very fast.
-clear := fn(buffer: Buffer, color: ColorBGRA): void {
-	n := 0
-	// write the first pixel chunk
-	loop if n >= COPY_PIXELS break else {
-		*(buffer.write + n) = color
-		n += 1
-	}
-	n = 1
-	// copy that pixel chunk through the buffer, taking advantage of memory copying
-	loop if n >= PARTITIONS break else {
-		*(buffer.copy + n) = *buffer.copy
-		n += 1
-	}
-	return
-}
-// only required to be called when using a back buffer. if using single-buffered rendering, do not call this.
-present := fn(buffer: Buffer): void {
-	n := 0
-	// copy chunks of the read buffer to the front buffer
-	loop if n >= PARTITIONS break else {
-		*(front_buffer_copy + n) = *(buffer.copy + n)
-		n += 1
-	}
-	return
-}
-// composites the contents of buffer1 into buffer2, accounting for alpha transparency
-// i dont know if it works. i have not tested it. it probably doesnt work
-composite := fn(buffer1: Buffer, buffer2: Buffer): void {
-	n := 0
-	loop if n == FB_PIXELS break else {
-		bg := *(buffer2.write + n);
-		*(buffer2.write + n) = blend(*(buffer1.write + n), bg)
-		n += 1
-	}
-	return
-}
-screenidx := fn(pos: Point): int {
-	return pos.x + FB_WIDTH * pos.y
-}

sysdata/programs/fb_driver/src/main.hb

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-.{example} := @use("./examples/lines.hb")
-
-main := fn(): int {
-	@inline(example)
-	return 0
-}

sysdata/programs/render_example/meta.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
-name = "fb_driver"
+name = "render_example"
-authors = ["able", "aurlex"]
+authors = ["koniifer"]
 
 [dependants.libraries]
 

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/amogus.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
+
+/* expected result:
+   the impostor travels left and loops around the screen */
+
+example := fn(): void {
+	render.init()
+	x := 0
+	loop {
+		render.put_rect(.(200 - x, 80), .(430, 380), render.red)
+		render.put_rect(.(630 - x, 120), .(120, 300), render.red)
+		render.put_rect(.(200 - x, 460), .(160, 270), render.red)
+		render.put_rect(.(470 - x, 460), .(160, 270), render.red)
+		render.put_rect(.(140 - x, 140), .(340, 250), render.cyan)
+		render.sync()
+		render.clear(render.black)
+		x += 1
+	}
+	return
+}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/colors.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
+
+/* expected result:
+   the screen fades from cyan to green
+   then wraps back to cyan
+   note that this may happen too fast for you to notice... */
+
+example := fn(): void {
+	render.init()
+	color := render.light_cyan
+	n := @as(u8, 1)
+	loop {
+		render.clear(color)
+		render.sync()
+		if (color.b & 255) == 255 | (color.b & 255) == 0 {
+			n = 0 - n
+		}
+		color.b += n
+	}
+	return
+}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/lines.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
+
+/* expected result:
+   a 3d-looking set of blue lines
+   created on a blue background */
+
+example := fn(): void {
+	render.init()
+	render.clear(.(100, 50, 0, 255))
+	width := render.width()
+	height := render.height()
+	p0 := render.IVec2.(0, 0)
+	p1 := render.IVec2.(0, height)
+	loop if p0.y >= height break else {
+		render.put_line(p0, p1, .(255, 180, 100, 255))
+		render.put_line(.(width, height) - p0, .(width, height) - p1, .(255, 180, 100, 255))
+		p0.y += height >> 6
+		p1.x += width >> 6
+	}
+	render.sync()
+	return
+}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/random.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+.{random} := @use("../../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb")
+render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
+
+example := fn(): void {
+	render.init()
+	render.doublebuffer(false)
+	render.clear(render.black)
+	loop {
+		x := random.integer_range(0, 1024)
+		y := random.integer_range(0, 768)
+		r := random.integer_range(0, 255)
+		g := random.integer_range(0, 75)
+		b := random.integer_range(0, 155)
+		render.put_pixel(.(x, y), .(b, g, r, 255))
+	}
+	return
+}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/square.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
+
+/* expected result:
+   the white outline of a square bounces around the screen */
+
+example := fn(): void {
+	render.init()
+	vel := render.IVec2.(1, 1)
+	pos := render.IVec2.(100, 100)
+	width := render.width()
+	height := render.height()
+	loop {
+		render.put_rect(pos, .(100, 100), render.white)
+		render.sync()
+		render.clear(render.black)
+
+		if pos.x == 0 | pos.x == width - 100 {
+			vel.x = 0 - vel.x
+		}
+		if pos.y == 0 | pos.y == height - 100 {
+			vel.y = 0 - vel.y
+		}
+
+		pos += vel
+	}
+	return
+}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/strobe.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
+
+/* expected result: (EPILEPSY WARNING)
+   the screen rapidly flashes red then black */
+
+example := fn(): void {
+	render.init()
+	loop {
+		render.clear(render.red)
+		render.sync()
+		render.clear(render.yellow)
+		render.sync()
+	}
+	return
+}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/svga.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
+
+render.mode = render.svga
+
+example := fn(): void {
+  render.init()
+	return
+}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/main.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+.{example} := @use("./examples/amogus.hb")
+
+main := fn(): void {
+	@inline(example)
+	return
+}

sysdata/programs/serial_driver/meta.toml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [package]
-name = "a_serial_driver"
+name = "serial_driver"
 authors = ["Able"]
 
 [dependants.libraries]

sysdata/programs/serial_driver/src/main.hb

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
-stn := @use("../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb");
+.{memory, buffer} := @use("../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb")
-.{log, string, memory, buffer} := stn
 
 serial_print := fn(ptr: ^u8): void {
 	letter := 0

sysdata/programs/serial_driver_test/src/main.hb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.{string, memory, buffer} := @use("../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb")
+.{string, buffer} := @use("../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb")
 
 log_info := fn(): void {
 	a := buffer.search("XNumber\0")

sysdata/system_config.toml

@@ -17,17 +17,17 @@ resolution = "1024x768x24"
 
 [boot.limine.ableos.modules]
 
-# [boot.limine.ableos.modules.tests]
+[boot.limine.ableos.modules.tests]
-# path = "boot:///tests.hbf"
+path = "boot:///tests.hbf"
 
-[boot.limine.ableos.modules.a_serial_driver]
+[boot.limine.ableos.modules.0serial_driver]
-path = "boot:///a_serial_driver.hbf"
+path = "boot:///serial_driver.hbf"
 
 [boot.limine.ableos.modules.diskio_driver]
 path = "boot:///diskio_driver.hbf"
 
-[boot.limine.ableos.modules.fb_driver]
+[boot.limine.ableos.modules.render_example]
-path = "boot:///fb_driver.hbf"
+path = "boot:///render_example.hbf"
 
 [boot.limine.ableos.modules.serial_driver_test]
 path = "boot:///serial_driver_test.hbf"