able-script/ablescript/src/brian.rs
2022-04-12 22:15:53 +02:00

455 lines
15 KiB
Rust

//! A brainfuck interpreter capable of executing arbitrary code, with arbitrary inputs and outputs.
//!
//! If you just want to execute some simple brainfuck, check the [`interpret_with_io`] function.
//!
//! To construct the interpreter, use the [`from_ascii`] or [`from_ascii_with_input_buffer`] methods
//! (or their variants that take a maximum tape size). The latter grants access to
//! the method [`add_input`], which allows for the addition of input while the interpreter is running.
//!
//! [`from_ascii`]: Interpreter::from_ascii
//! [`from_ascii_with_input_buffer`]: Interpreter::from_ascii_with_input_buffer
//! [`add_input`]: Interpreter::add_input
//!
//! Finally, to run the interpreter, you can use the [`advance`], [`advance_until_io`], or [`interpret_with_output`] methods.
//!
//! [`advance`]: Interpreter::advance
//! [`advance_until_io`]: Interpreter::advance_until_io
//! [`interpret_with_output`]: Interpreter::interpret_with_output
#![deny(missing_docs)]
// Putting this here because we still don't use the entire capabilities of this module. ~~Alex
#![allow(dead_code)]
use std::{
collections::VecDeque,
error::Error,
fmt::Display,
io::{Read, Write},
};
// NOTE(Able): This is the brain fuck interface
/// The default limit for the tape size. This is the value used by methods that don't take it as a parameter
pub const DEFAULT_TAPE_SIZE_LIMIT: usize = 30_000;
/// Mappings from integers to BF instructions
pub const INSTRUCTION_MAPPINGS: &[u8] = b"[]+-,.<>";
#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
/// A brainfuck interpreter. Read the [module level documentation](self) for more
pub struct Interpreter<'a, I> {
code: &'a [u8],
instr_ptr: usize,
tape: Vec<i8>,
data_ptr: usize,
tape_size_limit: usize,
input: I,
}
impl<'a> Interpreter<'a, InputBuffer> {
/// Construct an `Interpreter` from an ASCII string of code with an empty input buffer
/// This methods sets the tape size limit to [its default value](DEFAULT_TAPE_SIZE_LIMIT)
pub fn from_ascii_with_input_buffer(code: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
Self::from_ascii_with_input_buffer_and_tape_limit(code, DEFAULT_TAPE_SIZE_LIMIT)
}
/// Construct an `Interpreter` from an ASCII string of code with an empty input buffer,
/// setting the tape size limit to the specified value
pub fn from_ascii_with_input_buffer_and_tape_limit(
code: &'a [u8],
tape_size_limit: usize,
) -> Self {
Self {
code,
instr_ptr: 0,
tape: Vec::new(),
data_ptr: 0,
tape_size_limit,
input: InputBuffer(VecDeque::new()),
}
}
/// Add a byte to the input buffer of this interpreter
pub fn add_input(&mut self, input: i8) {
self.input.0.push_back(input);
}
}
impl<'a, I: BootlegRead> Interpreter<'a, I> {
/// Construct an interpreter from an ASCII string of code, a source of input bytes, and a tape size limit
pub fn from_ascii_with_tape_limit(code: &'a [u8], input: I, tape_size_limit: usize) -> Self {
Self {
code,
instr_ptr: 0,
tape: Vec::new(),
data_ptr: 0,
tape_size_limit,
input,
}
}
/// Constructs an interpreter from an ASCII string of code, a source of input bytes, and [the default tape size limit](DEFAULT_TAPE_SIZE_LIMIT)
pub fn from_ascii(code: &'a [u8], input: I) -> Self {
Self::from_ascii_with_tape_limit(code, input, DEFAULT_TAPE_SIZE_LIMIT)
}
/// Advance the interpreter by one instruction.
/// A return value of Ok(None) indicates succesful termination of the interpreter
pub fn advance(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Status>, ProgramError> {
let &opcode = match self.code.get(self.instr_ptr) {
Some(opcode) => opcode,
None => return Ok(None),
};
match opcode {
b'>' => self.data_ptr += 1,
b'<' => {
self.data_ptr = self
.data_ptr
.checked_sub(1)
.ok_or(ProgramError::DataPointerUnderflow)?;
}
b'+' => {
let val = self
.get_or_resize_tape_mut()
.ok_or(ProgramError::TapeSizeExceededLimit)?;
*val = val.wrapping_add(1)
}
b'-' => {
let val = self
.get_or_resize_tape_mut()
.ok_or(ProgramError::TapeSizeExceededLimit)?;
*val = val.wrapping_sub(1)
}
b'.' => {
self.instr_ptr += 1;
return Ok(Some(Status::Output(self.get_at_data_ptr())));
}
b',' => match self.input.bootleg_read() {
Ok(Some(num)) => {
let cell = self
.get_or_resize_tape_mut()
.ok_or(ProgramError::TapeSizeExceededLimit)?;
*cell = num;
}
Ok(None) => return Ok(Some(Status::NeedsInput)),
Err(_) => return Err(ProgramError::InputReadError),
},
b'[' => {
if self.get_at_data_ptr() == 0 {
self.instr_ptr = self
.get_matching_closing_bracket(self.instr_ptr)
.ok_or(ProgramError::UnmatchedOpeningBracket)?
//Instruction pointer will be incremented by 1 after the match
}
}
b']' => {
if self.get_at_data_ptr() != 0 {
self.instr_ptr = self
.get_matching_opening_bracket(self.instr_ptr)
.ok_or(ProgramError::UnmatchedClosingBracket)?
//Instruction pointer will be incremented by 1 after the match
}
}
_ => {} //brainfuck treats all characters it doesn't understand as comments
}
self.instr_ptr += 1;
Ok(Some(Status::Continue))
}
/// Advances the interpreter until the next IO operation. See [`advance`](Interpreter::advance)
pub fn advance_until_io(&mut self) -> Result<Option<IoStatus>, ProgramError> {
while let Some(status) = self.advance()? {
match status {
Status::NeedsInput => return Ok(Some(IoStatus::NeedsInput)),
Status::Output(out) => return Ok(Some(IoStatus::Output(out))),
Status::Continue => continue,
}
}
Ok(None)
}
/// Executes the interpreter until it halts, writing all return values to the provided `Write` type.
/// For more granular control, use [`advance`](Interpreter::advance)
pub fn interpret_with_output<O: Write>(&mut self, mut output: O) -> Result<(), InterpretError> {
while let Some(status) = self.advance_until_io()? {
match status {
IoStatus::NeedsInput => return Err(InterpretError::EndOfInput),
IoStatus::Output(out) => match output.write(&[out as u8]) {
Ok(0) => return Err(InterpretError::OutputBufferFull),
Ok(_) => continue,
Err(_) => return Err(InterpretError::OutputWriteError),
},
}
}
Ok(())
}
fn get_or_resize_tape_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut i8> {
if self.data_ptr > self.tape_size_limit {
return None;
}
if self.data_ptr >= self.tape.len() {
self.tape.resize(self.data_ptr + 1, 0);
}
Some(&mut self.tape[self.data_ptr])
}
fn get_at_data_ptr(&self) -> i8 {
//No need to resize the tape to read: if the tape doesn't extend that far already, it holds a value of 0
self.tape.get(self.data_ptr).copied().unwrap_or(0)
}
fn get_matching_closing_bracket(&mut self, opening: usize) -> Option<usize> {
self.code[opening..]
.iter()
.zip(opening..)
.scan(0, |counter, (char, index)| {
match char {
b'[' => *counter += 1,
b']' => *counter -= 1,
_ => {}
};
Some((*counter, index))
})
.find_map(
|(counter, index)| {
if counter == 0 {
Some(index)
} else {
None
}
},
)
}
fn get_matching_opening_bracket(&mut self, closing: usize) -> Option<usize> {
self.code[..closing + 1]
.iter()
.zip(0..closing + 1)
.rev()
.scan(0, |counter, (char, index)| {
match char {
b']' => *counter += 1,
b'[' => *counter -= 1,
_ => {}
};
Some((*counter, index))
})
.find_map(
|(counter, index)| {
if counter == 0 {
Some(index)
} else {
None
}
},
)
}
}
/// A convenience function for interpreting brainfuck code with a given input and output source.
/// For more information, consult [the module level documentation](self)
pub fn interpret_with_io<I: BootlegRead, O: Write>(
code: &[u8],
input: I,
output: O,
) -> Result<(), InterpretError> {
Interpreter::from_ascii(code, input).interpret_with_output(output)
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
///The result of advancing the interpreter by one step, assuming it didn't terminate
pub enum Status {
NeedsInput,
Output(i8),
Continue,
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
/// The result of advancing the interpreter until the next IO operation, assuming it didn't terminate
pub enum IoStatus {
NeedsInput,
Output(i8),
}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
/// An error that occurred while the interpreter was advancing
pub enum ProgramError {
DataPointerUnderflow,
InputReadError,
UnmatchedOpeningBracket,
UnmatchedClosingBracket,
TapeSizeExceededLimit,
}
impl Display for ProgramError {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
write!(
f,
"{}",
match self {
ProgramError::DataPointerUnderflow => "data pointer underflow",
ProgramError::InputReadError => "input read error",
ProgramError::UnmatchedOpeningBracket => "unmatched `[`",
ProgramError::UnmatchedClosingBracket => "unmatched `]`",
ProgramError::TapeSizeExceededLimit => "tape size exceeded",
}
)
}
}
impl Error for ProgramError {}
#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
/// An error that occurred while the interpreter was being run start-to-end all in one go
pub enum InterpretError {
ProgramError(ProgramError),
EndOfInput,
OutputBufferFull,
OutputWriteError,
}
impl Display for InterpretError {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
match self {
InterpretError::ProgramError(e) => write!(f, "program error: {}", e),
InterpretError::EndOfInput => write!(f, "unexpected end of input"),
InterpretError::OutputBufferFull => write!(f, "output buffer full"),
InterpretError::OutputWriteError => write!(f, "output write error"),
}
}
}
impl Error for InterpretError {}
impl From<ProgramError> for InterpretError {
fn from(e: ProgramError) -> Self {
InterpretError::ProgramError(e)
}
}
/// A bootlegged version of the standard library's read trait, so as to allow the interpreter to be generic over any `Read`
/// type, as well as over an input buffer.
pub trait BootlegRead {
type Error;
fn bootleg_read(&mut self) -> Result<Option<i8>, Self::Error>;
}
impl<T: Read> BootlegRead for T {
type Error = std::io::Error;
fn bootleg_read(&mut self) -> Result<Option<i8>, Self::Error> {
let mut buffer = [0];
match self.read(&mut buffer) {
Ok(0) => Ok(None),
Ok(_) => Ok(Some(buffer[0] as i8)),
Err(e) => Err(e),
}
}
}
/// A wrapper around a `VecDeque`, to be able to implement `BootlegRead` for it
struct InputBuffer(VecDeque<i8>);
impl BootlegRead for InputBuffer {
type Error = std::convert::Infallible;
fn bootleg_read(&mut self) -> Result<Option<i8>, Self::Error> {
Ok(self.0.pop_front())
}
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use super::*;
#[test]
fn adder() {
let mut interpreter = Interpreter {
code: b"[->+<]", //Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainfuck
instr_ptr: 0,
tape: vec![10, 5],
data_ptr: 0,
tape_size_limit: DEFAULT_TAPE_SIZE_LIMIT,
input: std::io::empty(),
};
while let Some(status) = interpreter.advance_until_io().expect("Unexpected error") {
match status {
IoStatus::NeedsInput => panic!("Requested input in an IO-less program"),
IoStatus::Output(_) => panic!("Produced output in an IO-less program"),
}
}
assert_eq!(interpreter.tape, vec![0, 15]);
}
#[test]
fn hello_world() {
let mut interpreter = Interpreter::from_ascii(
b"++++++++[>++++[>++>+++>+++>+<<<<-]>+>+>->>+[<]<-]>>.>---.+++++++..+++.>>.<-.<.+++.------.--------.>>+.>++.",
std::io::empty(),
);
let mut string = Vec::new();
interpreter
.interpret_with_output(&mut string)
.expect("Failed to write to output buffer");
assert_eq!(string, b"Hello World!\n");
}
#[test]
fn with_input_buffer() {
let mut interpreter = Interpreter::from_ascii_with_input_buffer(b"+++++.>,[-<->].");
let output = match interpreter
.advance_until_io()
.expect("Unexpected error")
.expect("Unexpected termination")
{
IoStatus::NeedsInput => panic!("Unexpected input request"),
IoStatus::Output(out) => out,
};
assert_eq!(
interpreter.advance_until_io(),
Ok(Some(IoStatus::NeedsInput))
);
interpreter.add_input(output);
assert_eq!(
interpreter.advance_until_io(),
Ok(Some(IoStatus::Output(0)))
);
assert_eq!(interpreter.advance_until_io(), Ok(None));
}
#[test]
fn hit_tape_size_limit() {
let mut interpreter =
Interpreter::from_ascii_with_tape_limit(b"+>+>+>+>+>", std::io::empty(), 1);
let result = interpreter.interpret_with_output(std::io::sink());
assert_eq!(
result,
Err(InterpretError::ProgramError(
ProgramError::TapeSizeExceededLimit
))
);
}
#[test]
fn positive_integer_overflow() {
interpret_with_io(b"+[+]", std::io::empty(), std::io::sink()).unwrap();
}
#[test]
fn negative_integer_overflow() {
interpret_with_io(b"-", std::io::empty(), std::io::sink()).unwrap();
}
}