unoptimised text load & render

move dt_api to stn for ease of use
do away with now redundant strobe example (colour example is basically strobe now)

HELP.md

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+### What are the requirements?
+- A machine with [Rustc Tier 1 platform support](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html#tier-1-with-host-tools)
+- Rustup
+- QEMU (for executing)
+- GIT CLI
+
+### How do I run ableos?
+- It is recommended to run ableos under QEMU. Here is how:
+    - Install QEMU
+    - Clone ableos
+    - Go to ableos directory
+    - Pull the limine submodule with `git submodule update --init`
+    - Run `cargo repbuild help`
+
+### How can I contribute?
+- [Contribute code](#how-do-i-contribute-code)
+- [Run ableos on your machine](#how-do-i-run-ableos)
+- Find bugs
+- Create media showing ableos
+
+### How do I contribute code?
+- Start by forking ableos
+- Write something that runs in the userspace, for example:
+    - System drivers
+    - Programs
+    - Libraries
+- Patch bugs and improve code in the kernel
+- Ensure that the code is OK to be maintained by asking in the [discord](https://discord.gg/t5Wt3K4YNA)
+- When you have finished your changes, you can submit a pull request for review [here](https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos)
+
+### repbuild and kernel compile, but QEMU isn't starting
+- Ensure you have the `qemu-desktop-{arch}` for your OS and target architecture installed
+- Try running again with `--noaccel` if you have QEMU already
+
+### I have run using repbuild but it's slow
+- Ensure release mode is enabled with the `-r` flag
+- Remove the `--noaccel` flag if you can
+- If both of these are already done, there may be a problem with thee VM, kernel, your program, or the hblang compiler
+
+### Compiler is complaining about "reg id leaked"
+- [Submit](#how-do-i-report-a-compiler-bug) an issue, reg id leaked is a bug
+
+### My program isn't running
+- Refer to [here](#i-have-run-using-repbuild-but-its-slow), it may be that your program is simply starting slowly
+- Ensure that your program has a properly written meta.toml file
+- Ensure that your program is enabled in [system_config.toml](sysdata/system_config.toml)
+- Try running again with `--noaccel`, there is a known bug with some systems that prevents programs from starting.
+
+### Kernel panic??? Huh???
+- Kernel panics can be caused by improperly using memory (e.g, writing out of bounds)
+- Kernel panics are most likely to be caused when accessing memory or using `@eca` for kernel ecalls
+- [Report](#how-do-i-report-an-ableos-bug) a kernel panic
+
+### I am running in release mode but I have no debug info
+- Add the `-d` flag for debug info
+
+### What is `@eca`? How do I use it?
+- Eca is an ecall. They are similar to syscalls
+- The `@eca` directive takes the following arguments:
+    - `@eca(ecall_number, reg_1, ..., reg_n)`
+- The various ecalls have different arguments that are given by register values
+- Most ecalls are wrapped by `stn`, for example, `random`, `buffer`, and `memory` all make use of ecalls
+- All ecalls can be found [ecah.rs](kernel/src/holeybytes/ecah.rs)
+
+### How do I report an ableos bug?
+- Submit an issue [here](https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos/issues) or report it in the [discord](https://discord.gg/t5Wt3K4YNA)
+
+### How do I report a compiler bug?
+- Submit an issue [here](https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/holey-bytes/issues) or report it in the [discord](https://discord.gg/t5Wt3K4YNA)

README.md

@@ -10,15 +10,7 @@ Donations can be made [here on Liberapay](https://liberapay.com/AbleTheAbove) or
 <img src="https://img.shields.io/liberapay/patrons/AbleTheAbove.svg?logo=liberapay">
 
 # Compiling
-AbleOS should be able to be built on any platform which is supported by
-[Rustc Tier 1 platform support](https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html#tier-1-with-host-tools).
-
-For running AbleOS, `repbuild` uses QEMU.
-
-## Steps
-1. Ensure you have qemu installed
-2. `git submodule update --init`
-3. `cargo repbuild run`
+See [HELP.md](HELP.md)
 
 # Developing
-There is a new work in progress developer tool for hblang. 
+There is a new work in progress developer tool for hblang. (see: dev folder)

dev/src/main.rs

@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ fn build(name: String) {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn build_program(name: String) {}
-pub fn build_library(name: String) {}
+pub fn build_program(_name: String) {}
+pub fn build_library(_name: String) {}
 
 fn help() {
     println!(

kernel/.cargo/config.toml

@@ -4,6 +4,3 @@ build-std-features = ["compiler-builtins-mem"]
 
 [build]
 target = "./targets/x86_64-ableos.json"
-
-[target.'cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")']
-rustflags = ["-C", "target-feature=+rdrand"]

kernel/Cargo.toml

@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ version = "0.2.0"
 
 
 [dependencies]
-embedded-graphics = "0.8"
-hbvm.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git"
+# embedded-graphics = "0.8"
+hbvm = { git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git", features = [
+	"nightly",
+] }
 log = "0.4"
 spin = "0.9"
 slab = { version = "0.4", default-features = false }
@@ -14,11 +16,8 @@ uart_16550 = { version = "0.3", features = ["nightly"] }
 xml.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
 versioning.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
 # able_graphics_library.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/ableos/ableos_userland"
-hashbrown = { version = "0.14", features = ["nightly"] }
-
-[dependencies.limine]
-version = "0.1"
-#git = "https://github.com/limine-bootloader/limine-rs"
+hashbrown = { version = "0.15", features = ["nightly"] }
+limine = "0.1"
 
 [dependencies.crossbeam-queue]
 version = "0.3"
@@ -33,23 +32,23 @@ features = ["alloc", "nightly"]
 version = "1"
 default-features = false
 features = [
-    "add",
-    "add_assign",
-    "constructor",
-    "display",
-    "from",
-    "into",
-    "mul",
-    "mul_assign",
-    "not",
-    "sum",
+	"add",
+	"add_assign",
+	"constructor",
+	"display",
+	"from",
+	"into",
+	"mul",
+	"mul_assign",
+	"not",
+	"sum",
 ]
 
 
 [target.'cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")'.dependencies]
 x86_64 = "0.15"
 x2apic = "0.4"
-virtio-drivers = "0.7"
+# virtio-drivers = "0.7"
 
 [target.'cfg(target_arch = "riscv64")'.dependencies]
 sbi = "0.2.0"

kernel/src/arch/aarch64/device_info_collector.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use {
-    crate::{alloc::string::ToString, device_tree::DeviceTree, kmain::DEVICE_TREE},
-    alloc::string::String,
+    crate::{device_tree::DeviceTree, kmain::DEVICE_TREE},
     core::arch::asm,
     xml::XMLElement,
 };
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ fn collect_cpu_info(device_tree: &mut DeviceTree) {
     cpus.push(cpu);
 }
 
-fn cpu_id() -> (String, u64) {
+fn cpu_id<'a>() -> (&'a str, u64) {
     let mut cpu_id: u64;
     unsafe {
         asm!("mrs {cpu_id}, MIDR_EL1",
@@ -39,11 +38,11 @@ fn cpu_id() -> (String, u64) {
     let cpu_name = match cpu_id {
         // the source of these two was a stackoverflow question
         // https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/117175/how-do-i-read-the-cpuid-in-aarch64-asm
-        0x410FD034 => "Cortex-A53".to_string(),
-        0x410FD083 => "Cortex-A72".to_string(),
+        0x410FD034 => "Cortex-A53",
+        0x410FD083 => "Cortex-A72",
         // the source of this one was checking the cpu id :thinking:
-        0x410FD493 => "Neoverse N2".to_string(),
-        _ => "Unknown".to_string(),
+        0x410FD493 => "Neoverse N2",
+        _ => "Unknown",
     };
     log::trace!("CPU Name: {cpu_name} - CPU ID: 0x{:X}", cpu_id);
 

kernel/src/arch/aarch64/logging.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ pub static SERIAL_CONSOLE: Mutex<SerialConsole> = Mutex::new(SerialConsole {
     uart: 0x09000000 as *mut u8,
 });
 
-struct SerialConsole {
+pub struct SerialConsole {
     uart: *mut u8,
 }
 

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/mod.rs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ pub mod graphics;
 pub(crate) mod interrupts;
 pub mod logging;
 pub mod pci;
-pub mod virtio;
+// pub mod virtio;
 
 pub use {logging::log, memory::PAGE_SIZE};
 
@@ -30,9 +30,11 @@ const INITIAL_KERNEL_HEAP_SIZE: *const () = _initial_kernel_heap_size as _;
 
 #[no_mangle]
 #[naked]
+#[cfg(not(target_feature = "avx2"))]
 unsafe extern "C" fn _kernel_start() -> ! {
-    // Initialise SSE and jump to kernel entrypoint
+    // Initialise SSE, then jump to kernel entrypoint
     core::arch::asm!(
+        // Initialise SSE
         "mov rax, cr0",
         "and ax, 0xfffb",
         "or ax, 0x2",
@@ -40,12 +42,72 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn _kernel_start() -> ! {
         "mov rax, cr4",
         "or ax, 3 << 9",
         "mov cr4, rax",
+
+        // Jump to the kernel entry point
         "jmp {}",
         sym start,
         options(noreturn),
     )
 }
 
+#[no_mangle]
+#[naked]
+#[cfg(target_feature = "avx2")]
+unsafe extern "C" fn _kernel_start() -> ! {
+    core::arch::asm!(
+        // Enable protected mode and configure control registers
+        "mov rax, cr0",
+        "and ax, 0xFFFB",  // Clear CR0.EM (bit 2) for coprocessor emulation
+        "or ax, 0x2",      // Set CR0.MP (bit 1) for coprocessor monitoring
+        "mov cr0, rax",
+
+        "mov rax, cr4",
+        "or ax, (1 << 9) | (1 << 10)", // Set CR4.OSFXSR (bit 9) and CR4.OSXMMEXCPT (bit 10)
+        "mov cr4, rax",
+
+        // Enable OSXSAVE (required for AVX, AVX2, and XSAVE)
+        "mov rax, cr4",
+        "or eax, 1 << 18", // Set CR4.OSXSAVE (bit 18)
+        "mov cr4, rax",
+
+        // Enable AVX and AVX2 state saving
+        "xor rcx, rcx",
+        "xgetbv",
+        "or eax, 7",       // Enable SSE, AVX, and AVX2 state saving
+        "xsetbv",
+
+        // Check for AVX and XSAVE support
+        "mov eax, 1",
+        "cpuid",
+        "and ecx, 0x18000000",
+        "cmp ecx, 0x18000000",
+        "jne {1}",          // Jump if AVX/OSXSAVE is not supported
+
+        // Check for BMI2 and AVX2 support
+        "mov eax, 7",
+        "xor ecx, ecx",
+        "cpuid",
+        "and ebx, (1 << 8) | (1 << 5)", // Check BMI2 (bit 8) and AVX2 (bit 5)
+        "cmp ebx, (1 << 8) | (1 << 5)", // Compare to ensure both are supported
+
+        // Check for LZCNT and POPCNT support
+        "mov eax, 1",
+        "cpuid",
+        "and ecx, (1 << 5) | (1 << 23)", // Check LZCNT (bit 5) and POPCNT (bit 23)
+        "cmp ecx, (1 << 5) | (1 << 23)", // Compare to ensure both are supported
+
+        // Jump to the kernel entry point
+        "jmp {0}",
+        sym start,
+        sym oops,
+        options(noreturn),
+    )
+}
+
+unsafe extern "C" fn oops() -> ! {
+    panic!("your cpu is ancient >:(")
+}
+
 unsafe extern "C" fn start() -> ! {
     logging::init();
     crate::logger::init().expect("failed to set logger");
@@ -189,6 +251,7 @@ unsafe extern "C" fn start() -> ! {
 /// Spin loop
 pub fn spin_loop() -> ! {
     loop {
+        core::hint::spin_loop();
         x86_64::instructions::hlt()
     }
 }

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/pci/mod.rs

@@ -8,13 +8,12 @@ pub struct PciDeviceInfo {
     pub full_class: PciFullClass,
     pub rev_id: u8,
 }
-use crate::alloc::string::ToString;
 
 /// Enumerate PCI devices and run initialisation routines on ones we support
 pub fn init(device_tree: &mut DeviceTree) {
     device_tree
         .devices
-        .insert("Unidentified PCI".to_string(), alloc::vec![]);
+        .insert("Unidentified PCI", alloc::vec![]);
     let mut devices = alloc::vec![];
 
     for bus in 0..=255 {
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ pub fn init(device_tree: &mut DeviceTree) {
                 pci_info.set_attribute("device", device_info.device);
                 pci_info.set_attribute("vendor", vendor);
                 pci_info.set_attribute("bus", bus);
-                pci_info.set_attribute("class", device_info.full_class.to_string());
+                pci_info.set_attribute("class", device_info.full_class);
                 dev.set_child(pci_info);
                 devices.push((dev_type, dev));
             }

kernel/src/arch/x86_64/virtio/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 use {
-    core::{ptr::NonNull},
+    core::ptr::NonNull,
     virtio_drivers::{BufferDirection, Hal, PhysAddr},
 };
 

kernel/src/device_tree/mod.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 //! A tree of hardware devices
 
-use {
-    crate::alloc::string::ToString,
-    alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec},
-    core::fmt,
-    hashbrown::HashMap,
-};
+use {alloc::vec::Vec, core::fmt, hashbrown::HashMap};
 
 /// A device object.
 /// TODO define device
@@ -14,11 +9,11 @@ pub type Device = xml::XMLElement;
 /// A tree of devices
 // TODO: alphabetize this list
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub struct DeviceTree {
+pub struct DeviceTree<'a> {
     /// The device tree
-    pub devices: HashMap<String, Vec<Device>>,
+    pub devices: HashMap<&'a str, Vec<Device>>,
 }
-impl DeviceTree {
+impl<'a> DeviceTree<'a> {
     /// Build the device tree. Does not populate the device tree
     pub fn new() -> Self {
         let mut dt = Self {
@@ -47,7 +42,7 @@ impl DeviceTree {
     }
 }
 use crate::{device_tree, tab, utils::TAB};
-impl fmt::Display for DeviceTree {
+impl<'a> fmt::Display for DeviceTree<'a> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         writeln!(f)?;
         for (device_type, devices) in &self.devices {

kernel/src/holeybytes/ecah.rs

@@ -8,14 +8,24 @@ use crate::holeybytes::kernel_services::{
 use {
     super::Vm,
     crate::{arch, ipc::buffer::IpcBuffer, kmain::IPC_BUFFERS},
+    hbvm::value::Value,
     log::{debug, error, info, trace},
 };
 
+#[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
+#[inline(always)]
+unsafe fn x86_out<T: x86_64::instructions::port::PortWrite>(address: u16, value: T) {
+    x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).write(value);
+}
+#[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
+#[inline(always)]
+unsafe fn x86_in<T: x86_64::instructions::port::PortRead>(address: u16) -> T {
+    x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).read()
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
 pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
     let ecall_number = vm.registers[2].cast::<u64>();
-    // log::info!("eca called :pensive:");
-    // debug!("Ecall number {:?}", ecall_number);
-    //info!("Register dump: {:?}", vm.registers);
 
     match ecall_number {
         0 => {
@@ -28,9 +38,9 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
         1 => {
             // Make buffer
 
-            let bounded = match vm.registers[3].cast::<u64>() {
-                0 => false,
-                1 => true,
+            let bounded = match vm.registers[3] {
+                Value(0) => false,
+                Value(1) => true,
                 _ => {
                     panic!("Bad");
                 }
@@ -39,18 +49,15 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
             let length = vm.registers[4].cast::<u64>();
 
             let mut buffs = IPC_BUFFERS.lock();
-            let abc;
 
-            match bounded {
-                false => {
-                    abc = IpcBuffer::new(false, 0);
-                }
-                true => {
-                    abc = IpcBuffer::new(true, length);
-                }
-            };
             let buff_id = arch::hardware_random_u64();
-            buffs.insert(buff_id, abc);
+            buffs.insert(
+                buff_id,
+                match bounded {
+                    false => IpcBuffer::new(false, 0),
+                    true => IpcBuffer::new(true, length),
+                },
+            );
             info!("Buffer ID: {}", buff_id);
             vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(buff_id);
         }
@@ -63,7 +70,6 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
             let mem_addr = vm.registers[4].cast::<u64>();
             let length = vm.registers[5].cast::<u64>() as usize;
             trace!("IPC address: {:?}", mem_addr);
-            use alloc::vec::Vec;
 
             match buffer_id {
                 0 => match sds_msg_handler(vm, mem_addr, length) {
@@ -81,25 +87,15 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
                         Err(_) => {}
                     }
                 }
-                #[cfg(not(target_arch = "x86_64"))]
-                3 => info!("TODO: implement whatever buffer 3 does for no x86_64"),
                 #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
                 3 => {
-                    unsafe fn x86_out<T: x86_64::instructions::port::PortWrite>(
-                        address: u16,
-                        value: T,
-                    ) {
-                        x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).write(value);
-                    }
-                    unsafe fn x86_in<T: x86_64::instructions::port::PortRead>(address: u16) -> T {
-                        x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).read()
-                    }
                     let msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
                     let msg_type = msg_vec[0];
                     match msg_type {
                         0 => unsafe {
                             let size = msg_vec[1];
-                            let addr = u16::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[2..4].try_into().unwrap());
+                            let addr =
+                                u16::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[2..4].try_into().unwrap_unchecked());
                             let value = match size {
                                 0 => x86_in::<u8>(addr) as u64,
                                 1 => x86_in::<u16>(addr) as u64,
@@ -111,7 +107,8 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
                         },
                         1 => unsafe {
                             let size = msg_vec[1];
-                            let addr = u16::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[2..4].try_into().unwrap());
+                            let addr =
+                                u16::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[2..4].try_into().unwrap_unchecked());
                             // info!("Setting address {}", addr);
 
                             match size {
@@ -134,68 +131,58 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
                 3 => unimplemented!("TODO: implement whatever buffer 3 does for no x86_64"),
                 // source of rng
                 4 => {
-                    // limit to last 32 bits
-                    vm.registers[1] =
-                        hbvm::value::Value(crate::arch::hardware_random_u64() & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+                    let block = block_read(mem_addr, length);
+                    block.chunks_mut(8.min(length)).for_each(|chunk| {
+                        chunk.clone_from_slice(
+                            &crate::arch::hardware_random_u64().to_le_bytes()[..chunk.len()],
+                        );
+                    });
+                    vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(mem_addr);
                 }
                 5 => match dt_msg_handler(vm, mem_addr, length) {
                     Ok(()) => {}
                     Err(_) => log::error!("Improper dt query"),
                 },
+
                 buffer_id => {
                     let mut buffs = IPC_BUFFERS.lock();
                     match buffs.get_mut(&buffer_id) {
                         Some(buff) => {
-                            let mut msg_vec = Vec::with_capacity(length);
-
-                            for x in 0..(length as isize) {
-                                let xyz = mem_addr as *const u8;
-                                let value = unsafe { xyz.offset(x).read() };
-                                msg_vec.push(value);
-                            }
-                            debug!(
-                                "Message {:?} has been sent to Buffer({})",
-                                msg_vec, buffer_id
-                            );
-                            buff.push(msg_vec);
+                            let msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
+                            buff.push(msg_vec.to_vec());
+                            debug!("Sent Message {:?} to Buffer({})", msg_vec, buffer_id);
                         }
                         None => {
                             log::error!("Access of non-existent buffer {}", buffer_id)
                         }
                     }
-                    drop(buffs);
                 }
             }
         }
         4 => {
             let buffer_id = vm.registers[3].cast::<u64>();
-            let mut map_ptr = vm.registers[4].cast::<u64>();
+            let map_ptr = vm.registers[4].cast::<u64>();
             let max_length = vm.registers[5].cast::<u64>();
 
             let mut buffs = IPC_BUFFERS.lock();
-            let buff: &mut IpcBuffer;
+            let buff: &mut IpcBuffer = match buffs.get_mut(&buffer_id) {
+                Some(buff) => buff,
+                None => panic!(
+                    "Failed to get buffer: id={buffer_id}, ptr={map_ptr}, length={max_length}"
+                ),
+            };
 
-            if buffs.get_mut(&buffer_id).is_some() {
-                buff = buffs.get_mut(&buffer_id).unwrap();
-            } else {
-                // info!("AHHH");
-                vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(0);
-                return;
-            }
-            let pop = buff.pop();
-            if pop.is_err() {
-                return;
-            }
-            let msg = pop.unwrap();
-            if msg.len() > max_length.try_into().unwrap() {
+            let msg = match buff.pop() {
+                Ok(msg) => msg,
+                Err(_) => return,
+            };
+            if msg.len() > unsafe { max_length.try_into().unwrap_unchecked() } {
                 info!("{}", max_length);
                 error!("Message is too long to map in.");
             } else {
                 unsafe {
-                    let ptr: *mut u64 = &mut map_ptr;
-                    for (index, byte) in msg.iter().enumerate() {
-                        ptr.offset(index.try_into().unwrap()).write_bytes(*byte, 1);
-                    }
+                    let ptr = map_ptr as *mut u8;
+                    ptr.copy_from(msg.as_ptr(), msg.len());
                 }
 
                 debug!("Recieve {:?} from Buffer({})", msg, buffer_id);
@@ -205,13 +192,7 @@ pub fn handler(vm: &mut Vm) {
             #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
             {
                 let r2 = vm.registers[2].cast::<u64>();
-                unsafe fn x86_in(address: u16) -> u32 {
-                    x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).read()
-                }
-                unsafe fn x86_out(address: u16, value: u32) {
-                    x86_64::instructions::port::Port::new(address).write(value);
-                }
-                let x = hbvm::value::Value(unsafe { x86_in(r2 as u16) } as u64);
+                let x = hbvm::value::Value(unsafe { x86_in::<u8>(r2 as u16) } as u64);
                 // info!("Read {:?} from Port {:?}", x, r2);
                 vm.registers[3] = x
             }
@@ -227,15 +208,3 @@ pub enum LogError {
     NoMessages,
     InvalidLogFormat,
 }
-
-// use {alloc::vec, log::Record};
-// fn memory_msg_handler(vm: &mut Vm, mem_addr: u64, length: usize) -> Result<(), LogError> {
-//     let mut val = alloc::vec::Vec::new();
-//     for _ in 0..4096 {
-//         val.push(0);
-//     }
-//     info!("Block address: {:?}", val.as_ptr());
-//     vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(val.as_ptr() as u64);
-//     vm.registers[2] = hbvm::value::Value(4096);
-//     Ok(())
-// }

kernel/src/holeybytes/kernel_services/dt_msg_handler.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 use {
     crate::holeybytes::{kernel_services::block_read, Vm},
-    alloc::{
-        string::{String, ToString},
-        vec::Vec,
-    },
+    alloc::vec::Vec,
 };
 pub enum DtError {
     QueryFailure,
@@ -11,14 +8,13 @@ pub enum DtError {
 
 pub fn dt_msg_handler(vm: &mut Vm, mem_addr: u64, length: usize) -> Result<(), DtError> {
     let msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
-    let mut bytes: Vec<u8> = Vec::new();
-    for byte in msg_vec {
-        if *byte == 0 {
-            break;
-        }
-        bytes.push(*byte)
-    }
-    let query_string = String::from_utf8(bytes).unwrap();
+    let query_string = core::str::from_utf8(
+        msg_vec
+            .split_once(|&byte| byte == 0)
+            .unwrap_or((msg_vec, &[]))
+            .0,
+    )
+    .unwrap();
     log::trace!("Query {}", query_string);
 
     let ret = query_parse(query_string);
@@ -29,17 +25,13 @@ pub fn dt_msg_handler(vm: &mut Vm, mem_addr: u64, length: usize) -> Result<(), D
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn query_parse(query_string: String) -> u64 {
-    let qt_parse_step_one = query_string.split("/");
-    let mut qt_parse_step_two: Vec<String> = Vec::new();
-    for a in qt_parse_step_one {
-        qt_parse_step_two.push(a.to_string());
-    }
+fn query_parse(query_string: &str) -> u64 {
+    let query = query_string.split('/').collect::<Vec<&str>>();
 
-    let first_fragment: &str = &qt_parse_step_two[0];
+    let first_fragment: &str = &query[0];
     let ret = match first_fragment {
-        "framebuffer" => framebuffer_parse(qt_parse_step_two),
-        "cpu" => cpu_parse(qt_parse_step_two),
+        "framebuffer" => framebuffer_parse(query),
+        "cpu" => cpu_parse(query),
 
         _ => 0,
     };
@@ -47,8 +39,8 @@ fn query_parse(query_string: String) -> u64 {
     return ret;
 }
 
-fn cpu_parse(qt_parse_step_two: Vec<String>) -> u64 {
-    let second_fragment: &str = &qt_parse_step_two[1];
+fn cpu_parse(qt_parse_step_two: Vec<&str>) -> u64 {
+    let second_fragment: &str = qt_parse_step_two[1];
     match second_fragment {
         // "architecture" => {
         //     return 0;
@@ -59,15 +51,14 @@ fn cpu_parse(qt_parse_step_two: Vec<String>) -> u64 {
     };
 }
 
-fn framebuffer_parse(qt_parse_step_two: Vec<String>) -> u64 {
+fn framebuffer_parse(qt_parse_step_two: Vec<&str>) -> u64 {
     use crate::kmain::FB_REQ;
-    let fbs = &FB_REQ.get_response().get().unwrap().framebuffers();
-
-    let second_fragment: &str = &qt_parse_step_two[1];
+    let fbs = &mut FB_REQ.get_response().get().unwrap().framebuffers();
+    let second_fragment: &str = qt_parse_step_two[1];
     match second_fragment {
         "fb0" => {
             let fb_front = &fbs[0];
-            let third_fragment: &str = &qt_parse_step_two[2];
+            let third_fragment: &str = qt_parse_step_two[2];
             let ret = match third_fragment {
                 "ptr" => {
                     let ptr = fb_front.address.as_ptr().unwrap();

kernel/src/holeybytes/kernel_services/logging_service.rs

@@ -9,12 +9,16 @@ use log::Record;
 pub fn log_msg_handler(_vm: &mut Vm, mem_addr: u64, length: usize) -> Result<(), LogError> {
     let msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
 
-    let log_level = msg_vec.last().unwrap();
+    let log_level = msg_vec[0];
+    let strptr = u64::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[1..9].try_into().unwrap());
+    let strlen = u64::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[9..17].try_into().unwrap()) as usize;
+
+    let str = block_read(strptr, strlen);
 
     let file_name = "None";
     let line_number = 0;
 
-    match core::str::from_utf8(&msg_vec[..msg_vec.len()]) {
+    match core::str::from_utf8(&str) {
         Ok(strr) => {
             use log::Level::*;
             let log_level = match log_level {

kernel/src/holeybytes/kernel_services/mem_serve.rs

@@ -17,13 +17,54 @@ pub enum MemoryQuotaType {
 }
 
 fn alloc_page(vm: &mut Vm, _mem_addr: u64, _length: usize) -> Result<(), MemoryServiceError> {
-    let ptr = unsafe { alloc(Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(4096, 4096)) };
+    let ptr = unsafe { alloc(Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(4096, 8)) };
     info!("Block address: {:?}", ptr);
     vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(ptr as u64);
     vm.registers[2] = hbvm::value::Value(4096);
     Ok(())
 }
 
+#[inline(always)]
+unsafe fn memset(mut dest: *mut u8, src: *const u8, count: usize, size: usize) {
+    const BLOCK_SIZE: usize = 64;
+    let mut remaining = count * size;
+
+    if remaining < 16 {
+        src.copy_to_nonoverlapping(dest, remaining);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let mut buffer = [0u8; BLOCK_SIZE];
+    let mut buffer_size = size;
+    src.copy_to_nonoverlapping(buffer.as_mut_ptr(), size);
+
+    while core::intrinsics::likely(buffer_size * 2 <= BLOCK_SIZE) {
+        buffer
+            .as_mut_ptr()
+            .copy_to_nonoverlapping(buffer.as_mut_ptr().add(buffer_size), buffer_size);
+        buffer_size *= 2;
+    }
+
+    let buffer_ptr = buffer.as_ptr() as *const u64;
+
+    while (dest as usize) & 7 != 0 && remaining >= 8 {
+        buffer.as_ptr().copy_to_nonoverlapping(dest, 1);
+        dest = dest.add(1);
+        remaining -= 1;
+    }
+
+    while core::intrinsics::likely(remaining >= 8) {
+        *(dest as *mut u64) = *buffer_ptr;
+        dest = dest.add(8);
+        remaining -= 8;
+    }
+
+    if remaining > 0 {
+        buffer.as_ptr().copy_to_nonoverlapping(dest, remaining);
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline(always)]
 pub fn memory_msg_handler(
     vm: &mut Vm,
     mem_addr: u64,
@@ -32,40 +73,35 @@ pub fn memory_msg_handler(
     let msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
     let msg_type = msg_vec[0];
     match msg_type {
-        0 => {
+        0 => unsafe {
             let page_count = msg_vec[1];
-            let mptr_raw: [u8; 8] = msg_vec[2..10].try_into().unwrap();
-            let mptr: u64 = u64::from_le_bytes(mptr_raw);
 
-            log::debug!("Allocating {} pages @ {:x}", page_count, mptr);
+            let ptr = alloc(Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(
+                page_count as usize * 4096,
+                8,
+            ));
 
-            let ptr = unsafe {
-                alloc(Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(
-                    page_count as usize * 4096,
-                    4096,
-                ))
-            };
+            log::debug!("Allocating {} pages @ {:x}", page_count, ptr as u64);
 
             vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(ptr as u64);
             log::debug!("Kernel ptr: {:x}", ptr as u64);
-        }
+        },
 
-        1 => {
+        1 => unsafe {
             let page_count = msg_vec[1];
 
             let mptr_raw: [u8; 8] = msg_vec[2..10].try_into().unwrap();
             let mptr: u64 = u64::from_le_bytes(mptr_raw);
             log::debug!("Deallocating {} pages @ {:x}", page_count, mptr);
-            unsafe {
-                dealloc(
-                    mptr as *mut u8,
-                    Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(page_count as usize * 4096, 4096),
-                )
-            }
-        }
+
+            dealloc(
+                mptr as *mut u8,
+                Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(page_count as usize * 4096, 8),
+            )
+        },
         2 => {
             use MemoryQuotaType::*;
-            let quota_type = match msg_vec[0] {
+            let quota_type = match msg_vec[1] {
                 0 => NoQuota,
                 1 => SoftQuota,
                 2 => HardQuota,
@@ -82,10 +118,24 @@ pub fn memory_msg_handler(
             )
         }
         3 => {
-            let page_count = msg_vec[0];
+            let page_count = msg_vec[1];
             log::debug!(" {} pages", page_count);
         }
+        4 => unsafe {
+            let count = u32::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[1..5].try_into().unwrap_unchecked()) as usize;
+            let src = u64::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[5..13].try_into().unwrap_unchecked()) as *const u8;
+            let dest = u64::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[13..21].try_into().unwrap_unchecked()) as *mut u8;
 
+            src.copy_to_nonoverlapping(dest, count);
+        },
+        5 => unsafe {
+            let count = u32::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[1..5].try_into().unwrap_unchecked()) as usize;
+            let size = u32::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[5..9].try_into().unwrap_unchecked()) as usize;
+            let src = u64::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[9..17].try_into().unwrap_unchecked()) as *const u8;
+            let dest = u64::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[17..25].try_into().unwrap_unchecked()) as *mut u8;
+
+            memset(dest, src, count, size);
+        },
         _ => {
             log::debug!("Unknown memory service message type: {}", msg_type);
         }

kernel/src/holeybytes/kernel_services/service_definition_service.rs

@@ -22,21 +22,19 @@ pub enum ServiceError {
 pub fn sds_msg_handler(vm: &mut Vm, mem_addr: u64, length: usize) -> Result<(), ServiceError> {
     let msg_vec = block_read(mem_addr, length);
     let sds_event_type: ServiceEventType = msg_vec[0].into();
-
-    // info!("Length {}", msg_vec.len());
+    let strptr = u64::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[1..9].try_into().unwrap());
+    let strlen = u64::from_le_bytes(msg_vec[9..17].try_into().unwrap()) as usize;
+    let string_vec = block_read(strptr, strlen);
+    let string = core::str::from_utf8(string_vec).expect("Our bytes should be valid utf8");
 
     use ServiceEventType::*;
     match sds_event_type {
         CreateService => {
-            let string =
-                core::str::from_utf8(&msg_vec[1..]).expect("Our bytes should be valid utf8");
             let ret = sds_create_service(string);
             vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(ret as u64);
         }
         DeleteService => todo!(),
         SearchServices => {
-            let string =
-                core::str::from_utf8(&msg_vec[1..]).expect("Our bytes should be valid utf8");
             let ret = sds_search_service(string);
             vm.registers[1] = hbvm::value::Value(ret as u64);
         }

kernel/src/holeybytes/mem.rs

@@ -30,30 +30,29 @@ impl Memory {
 }
 
 impl hbvm::mem::Memory for Memory {
-    #[inline]
+    #[inline(always)]
     unsafe fn load(
         &mut self,
         addr: Address,
         target: *mut u8,
         count: usize,
     ) -> Result<(), hbvm::mem::LoadError> {
-        if addr.get() % 4096 == 0 {}
-        core::ptr::copy(addr.get() as *const u8, target, count);
+        core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(addr.get() as *const u8, target, count);
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    #[inline]
+    #[inline(always)]
     unsafe fn store(
         &mut self,
         addr: Address,
         source: *const u8,
         count: usize,
     ) -> Result<(), hbvm::mem::StoreError> {
-        core::ptr::copy(source, addr.get() as *mut u8, count);
+        core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(source, addr.get() as *mut u8, count);
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    #[inline]
+    #[inline(always)]
     unsafe fn prog_read<T: Copy>(&mut self, addr: Address) -> T {
         (addr.get() as *const T).read()
     }

kernel/src/holeybytes/mod.rs

@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl HandlePageFault for PageFaultHandler {
 
 #[inline(always)]
 const fn stack_layout() -> Layout {
-    unsafe { Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(STACK_SIZE, 4096) }
+    unsafe { Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(STACK_SIZE, 8) }
 }
 
 #[inline(always)]

kernel/src/ipc/buffer.rs

@@ -49,9 +49,7 @@ impl<'a> IpcBuffer<'a> {
     pub fn push(&mut self, msg: Message) {
         match &self.buffer {
             BufferTypes::Unbound(buff) => buff.push(msg),
-            BufferTypes::Bound(buff) => {
-                let _ = buff.push(msg);
-            }
+            BufferTypes::Bound(buff) => buff.push(msg).unwrap(),
         };
     }
     pub fn pop(&mut self) -> Result<Message, IpcError> {

kernel/src/ipc/protocol.rs

@@ -1,18 +1,15 @@
-use {
-    alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec},
-    hashbrown::HashMap,
-};
+use {alloc::vec::Vec, hashbrown::HashMap};
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
 pub struct Type {}
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
-pub struct Funct {
-    takes: Vec<String>,
-    gives: Vec<String>,
+pub struct Funct<'a> {
+    takes: Vec<&'a str>,
+    gives: Vec<&'a str>,
 }
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Clone)]
 pub struct Protocol<'a> {
     types: HashMap<&'a str, Type>,
-    fns:   HashMap<&'a str, Funct>,
+    fns:   HashMap<&'a str, Funct<'a>>,
 }
 impl<'a> Protocol<'a> {
     pub fn void() -> Self {

kernel/src/kmain.rs

@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ pub fn kmain(_cmdline: &str, boot_modules: BootModules) -> ! {
     let fb1: &NonNullPtr<Framebuffer> = &FB_REQ.get_response().get().unwrap().framebuffers()[0];
 
     {
-        use crate::alloc::string::ToString;
         let mut dt = DEVICE_TREE.lock();
         let mut disp = xml::XMLElement::new("display_0");
 
@@ -58,7 +57,7 @@ pub fn kmain(_cmdline: &str, boot_modules: BootModules) -> ! {
         disp.set_attribute("height", fb1.height);
         disp.set_attribute("bpp", fb1.bpp);
         disp.set_attribute("pitch", fb1.pitch);
-        dt.devices.insert("Displays".to_string(), alloc::vec![disp]);
+        dt.devices.insert("Displays", alloc::vec![disp]);
     }
     debug!("Graphics initialised");
     debug!(

kernel/src/lib.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 //! Akern is woefully undersupported at the moment but we are looking to add support improve hardware discovery and make our lives as kernel and operating system developers easier and better
 #![no_std]
 #![feature(
+    slice_split_once,
     exclusive_wrapper,
     new_uninit,
+    core_intrinsics,
     abi_x86_interrupt,
     alloc_error_handler,
     ptr_sub_ptr,
@@ -13,8 +15,7 @@
     pointer_is_aligned_to
 )]
 #![test_runner(crate::test_runner)]
-#![cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), allow(unused, deprecated))]
-#![allow(dead_code)]
+#![allow(dead_code, internal_features)]
 extern crate alloc;
 
 mod allocator;

kernel/src/utils.rs

@@ -4,15 +4,14 @@
 /// Used when tab `\t` in hardware is not known and we will default to two spaces
 pub const TAB: &str = "  ";
 
-
 // NOTE: this only reduces the code duplication in source code not in generated code!
 // Written by Yours Truly: Munir
 /// A simple macro to reduce code duplication when we use TAB internally
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! tab {
-    ($num:expr) => { 
+    ($num:expr) => {
         TAB.repeat($num)
-    }
+    };
 }
 
 // NOTE: this only reduces the code duplication in source code not in generated code!
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ macro_rules! tab {
 macro_rules! device_tree {
     ($devtree:expr, $dev_type_vec:expr) => {
         for each_device_type in $dev_type_vec {
-            $devtree.devices.insert(each_device_type.to_string(), Vec::new());
+            $devtree.devices.insert(each_device_type, Vec::new());
         }
     };
 }
@@ -50,4 +49,4 @@ macro_rules! cpu_features {
         $result_vec.push(("rdseed", rdseed));
         $result_vec.push(("x2apic", x2));
     };
-}
+}

kernel/targets/x86_64-ableos.json

@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 {
-    "llvm-target": "x86_64-unknown-none",
-    "data-layout": "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128",
-    "arch": "x86_64",
-    "target-endian": "little",
-    "target-pointer-width": "64",
-    "target-c-int-width": "32",
-    "os": "none",
-    "executables": true,
-    "linker-flavor": "ld.lld",
-    "linker": "rust-lld",
-    "panic-strategy": "abort",
-    "disable-redzone": true,
-    "features": "",
-    "code-model": "kernel",
-    "pre-link-args": {
-        "ld.lld": [
-            "--gc-sections",
-            "--script=kernel/lds/x86_64.ld"
-        ]
-    }
+	"llvm-target": "x86_64-unknown-none",
+	"data-layout": "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128",
+	"arch": "x86_64",
+	"target-endian": "little",
+	"target-pointer-width": "64",
+	"target-c-int-width": "32",
+	"os": "none",
+	"executables": true,
+	"linker-flavor": "ld.lld",
+	"linker": "rust-lld",
+	"panic-strategy": "abort",
+	"disable-redzone": true,
+	"features": "",
+	"code-model": "kernel",
+	"pre-link-args": {
+		"ld.lld": [
+			"--gc-sections",
+			"--script=kernel/lds/x86_64.ld"
+		]
+	}
 }

kernel/targets/x86_64_v3-ableos.json

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+{
+	"llvm-target": "x86_64-unknown-none",
+	"data-layout": "e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128",
+	"arch": "x86_64",
+	"target-endian": "little",
+	"target-pointer-width": "64",
+	"target-c-int-width": "32",
+	"os": "none",
+	"executables": true,
+	"linker-flavor": "ld.lld",
+	"linker": "rust-lld",
+	"panic-strategy": "abort",
+	"disable-redzone": true,
+	"features": "+sse4.1,+avx,+aes,+fma,+popcnt,+bmi2,+avx2,+lzcnt,+xsave",
+	"code-model": "kernel",
+	"pre-link-args": {
+		"ld.lld": [
+			"--gc-sections",
+			"--script=kernel/lds/x86_64.ld"
+		]
+	}
+}

known_bugs.md

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# i did not know where to put this
+- memcpy / memset cause crash on debug builds due to ptr misalignment that is not present on release builds

repbuild/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,24 +6,29 @@ edition = "2021"
 [dependencies]
 str-reader = "0.1"
 derive_more = { version = "1", default-features = false, features = [
-  "add",
-  "add_assign",
-  "constructor",
-  "display",
-  "from",
-  "into",
-  "mul",
-  "mul_assign",
-  "not",
-  "sum",
+	"add",
+	"add_assign",
+	"constructor",
+	"display",
+	"from",
+	"into",
+	"mul",
+	"mul_assign",
+	"not",
+	"sum",
 ] }
 error-stack = "0.5"
 fatfs = "0.3"
 toml = "0.8"
-# hbasm.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git"
-hblang.git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git"
+hblang = { git = "https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes.git", features = [
+	"std",
+	"opts",
+], default-features = false }
+log = "0.4"
+raw-cpuid = "11"
+ureq = { version = "2", default-features = false, features = ["tls"] }
 
-[dependencies.reqwest]
-version = "0.12"
-default-features = false
-features = ["rustls-tls", "blocking"]
+# [dependencies.reqwest]
+# version = "0.12"
+# default-features = false
+# features = ["rustls-tls", "blocking"]

repbuild/src/dev.rs

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ impl Package {
             build_cmd,
         }
     }
-    pub fn build(&self) {
+    pub fn build(&self) -> std::io::Result<()> {
         if self.binaries.contains(&"hblang".to_string()) {
             let file = self.build_cmd.split_ascii_whitespace().last().unwrap();
 
@@ -71,15 +71,24 @@ impl Package {
             let mut bytes = Vec::new();
             // compile here
 
-            let _ = hblang::run_compiler(
+            hblang::run_compiler(
                 &path,
                 Options {
                     fmt: true,
+                    optimize: true,
                     ..Default::default()
                 },
                 &mut bytes,
-            );
-            let _ = hblang::run_compiler(&path, Default::default(), &mut bytes);
+            )?;
+
+            hblang::run_compiler(
+                &path,
+                Options {
+                    optimize: true,
+                    ..Default::default()
+                },
+                &mut bytes,
+            )?;
 
             match std::fs::create_dir("target/programs") {
                 Ok(_) => (),
@@ -88,15 +97,17 @@ impl Package {
             }
             std::fs::write(format!("target/programs/{}.hbf", self.name), &bytes).unwrap();
             bytes.clear();
-            let _ = hblang::run_compiler(
+            hblang::run_compiler(
                 &path,
                 Options {
                     dump_asm: true,
+                    optimize: true,
                     ..Default::default()
                 },
                 &mut bytes,
-            );
+            )?;
             std::fs::write(format!("target/programs/{}.hba", self.name), &bytes).unwrap();
         }
+        Ok(())
     }
 }

repbuild/src/main.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-// #![allow(unused)]
-
 mod dev;
 
 use {
@@ -8,11 +6,10 @@ use {
     error_stack::{bail, report, Context, Report, Result, ResultExt},
     fatfs::{FileSystem, FormatVolumeOptions, FsOptions, ReadWriteSeek},
     std::{
-        // fmt::Display,
         fs::{self, File},
         io::{self, Write},
         path::Path,
-        process::{exit, Command},
+        process::{exit, Command, Stdio},
     },
     toml::Value,
 };
@@ -21,6 +18,9 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
     let mut args = std::env::args();
     args.next();
 
+    log::set_logger(&hblang::Logger).unwrap();
+    log::set_max_level(log::LevelFilter::Error);
+
     match args.next().as_deref() {
         Some("build" | "b") => {
             let mut release = false;
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
                     target = Target::Riscv64Virt;
                 } else if arg == "arm64" || arg == "aarch64" || arg == "aarch64-virt" {
                     target = Target::Aarch64;
+                } else if arg == "avx2" {
+                    target = Target::X86_64Avx2;
                 } else {
                     return Err(report!(Error::InvalidSubCom));
                 }
@@ -46,6 +48,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
             let mut release = false;
             let mut debuginfo = false;
             let mut target = Target::X86_64;
+            let mut do_accel = true;
             for arg in args {
                 if arg == "-r" || arg == "--release" {
                     release = true;
@@ -55,13 +58,17 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
                     target = Target::Riscv64Virt;
                 } else if arg == "arm64" || arg == "aarch64" || arg == "aarch64-virt" {
                     target = Target::Aarch64;
+                } else if arg == "--noaccel" {
+                    do_accel = false;
+                } else if arg == "avx2" {
+                    target = Target::X86_64Avx2;
                 } else {
                     return Err(report!(Error::InvalidSubCom));
                 }
             }
 
             build(release, target, debuginfo)?;
-            run(release, target)
+            run(release, target, do_accel)
         }
         Some("help" | "h") => {
             println!(concat!(
@@ -71,8 +78,10 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
                 "   help (h): Print this message\n",
                 "    run (r): Build and run AbleOS in QEMU\n\n",
                 "Options for build and run:\n",
-                "        -r: build in release mode",
-                "  [target]: sets target"
+                "        -r / --release: build in release mode\n",
+                "        -d / --debuginfo: build with debug info\n",
+                "        --noaccel: run without acceleration (e.g, no kvm)\n",
+                "[ rv64 / riscv64 / riscv64-virt / aarch64 / arm64 / aarch64-virt / avx2 ]: sets target"
             ),);
             Ok(())
         }
@@ -195,21 +204,25 @@ TERM_BACKDROP={}
         let modules = value.get_mut("modules").unwrap().as_table_mut().unwrap();
         // let mut real_modules = modules.clone();
 
-        modules.into_iter().for_each(|(_, value)| {
-            if value.is_table() {
-                let path = get_path_without_boot_prefix(
-                    value.get("path").expect("You must have `path` as a value"),
-                )
-                .unwrap()
-                .split(".")
-                .next()
-                .unwrap();
-                let p = Package::load_from_file(
-                    format!("sysdata/programs/{}/meta.toml", path).to_owned(),
-                );
-                p.build();
-            }
-        });
+        modules
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(_, value)| -> Result<(), io::Error> {
+                if value.is_table() {
+                    let path = get_path_without_boot_prefix(
+                        value.get("path").expect("You must have `path` as a value"),
+                    )
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .split(".")
+                    .next()
+                    .unwrap();
+                    let p = Package::load_from_file(
+                        format!("sysdata/programs/{}/meta.toml", path).to_owned(),
+                    );
+                    p.build()?;
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            })
+            .for_each(drop);
         modules.into_iter().for_each(|(_key, value)| {
             if value.is_table() {
                 let path = value.get("path").expect("You must have `path` as a value");
@@ -296,6 +309,9 @@ fn build(release: bool, target: Target, debuginfo: bool) -> Result<(), Error> {
     if target == Target::Aarch64 {
         com.args(["--target", "targets/aarch64-virt-ableos.json"]);
     }
+    if target == Target::X86_64Avx2 {
+        com.args(["--target", "targets/x86_64_v3-ableos.json"]);
+    }
 
     match com.status() {
         Ok(s) if s.code() != Some(0) => bail!(Error::Build),
@@ -309,6 +325,10 @@ fn build(release: bool, target: Target, debuginfo: bool) -> Result<(), Error> {
             path.push_str("_x86-64");
             "target/x86_64-ableos"
         }
+        Target::X86_64Avx2 => {
+            path.push_str("_x86-64");
+            "target/x86_64_v3-ableos"
+        }
         Target::Riscv64Virt => "target/riscv64-virt-ableos",
         Target::Aarch64 => {
             path.push_str("_aarch64");
@@ -331,16 +351,52 @@ fn build(release: bool, target: Target, debuginfo: bool) -> Result<(), Error> {
     .change_context(Error::Io)
 }
 
-fn run(release: bool, target: Target) -> Result<(), Error> {
-    let mut com = match target {
-        Target::X86_64 => Command::new("qemu-system-x86_64"),
-        Target::Riscv64Virt => Command::new("qemu-system-riscv64"),
-        Target::Aarch64 => Command::new("qemu-system-aarch64"),
+fn run(release: bool, target: Target, do_accel: bool) -> Result<(), Error> {
+    let target_str = match target {
+        Target::X86_64 | Target::X86_64Avx2 => "qemu-system-x86_64",
+        Target::Riscv64Virt => "qemu-system-riscv64",
+        Target::Aarch64 => "qemu-system-aarch64",
     };
+    let (mut com, mut com2) = (Command::new(target_str), Command::new(target_str));
     let ovmf_path = fetch_ovmf(target);
+    let accel = if do_accel {
+        let supported = String::from_utf8(
+            com2.args(["--accel", "help"])
+                .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+                .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+                .spawn()
+                .unwrap()
+                .wait_with_output()
+                .unwrap()
+                .stdout,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+
+        let cpuid = raw_cpuid::CpuId::new();
+        let vmx = cpuid.get_feature_info().unwrap().has_vmx();
+        let svm = cpuid.get_svm_info().is_some();
+
+        if supported.contains("kvm") && (vmx || svm) {
+            "accel=kvm"
+        } else if cpuid
+            .get_processor_brand_string()
+            .filter(|a| a.as_str() == "GenuineIntel")
+            .is_some()
+            && supported.contains("hax")
+            && vmx
+        {
+            "accel=hax"
+        } else if supported.contains("whpx") {
+            "accel=whpx"
+        } else {
+            "accel=tcg"
+        }
+    } else {
+        "accel=tcg"
+    };
 
     match target {
-        Target::X86_64 => {
+        Target::X86_64 | Target::X86_64Avx2 => {
             #[rustfmt::skip]
             com.args([
                 "-bios", &ovmf_path.change_context(Error::OvmfFetch)?,
@@ -348,8 +404,10 @@ fn run(release: bool, target: Target) -> Result<(), Error> {
                 "-device", "vmware-svga",
                 "-m", "2G",
                 "-smp", "1",
-                "-machine", "accel=kvm",
-                "-cpu", "host",
+                "-parallel", "none",
+                "-monitor", "none",
+                "-machine", accel,
+                "-cpu", "max",
                 "-device", "isa-debug-exit,iobase=0xf4,iosize=0x04",
             ]);
         }
@@ -394,7 +452,7 @@ fn run(release: bool, target: Target) -> Result<(), Error> {
 
 fn fetch_ovmf(target: Target) -> Result<String, OvmfFetchError> {
     let (ovmf_url, ovmf_path) = match target {
-        Target::X86_64 => (
+        Target::X86_64 | Target::X86_64Avx2 => (
             "https://retrage.github.io/edk2-nightly/bin/RELEASEX64_OVMF.fd",
             "target/RELEASEX64_OVMF.fd",
         ),
@@ -416,12 +474,12 @@ fn fetch_ovmf(target: Target) -> Result<String, OvmfFetchError> {
         Ok(_) => return Ok(ovmf_path.to_owned()),
         Err(e) => return Err(report!(e).change_context(OvmfFetchError::Io)),
     };
-    let mut bytes = reqwest::blocking::get(ovmf_url)
+    let req = ureq::get(ovmf_url)
+        .call()
         .map_err(Report::from)
         .change_context(OvmfFetchError::Fetch)?;
 
-    bytes
-        .copy_to(&mut file)
+    std::io::copy(&mut req.into_reader(), &mut file)
         .map_err(Report::from)
         .change_context(OvmfFetchError::Io)?;
 
@@ -443,6 +501,7 @@ impl Context for OvmfFetchError {}
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 enum Target {
     X86_64,
+    X86_64Avx2,
     Riscv64Virt,
     Aarch64,
 }

sysdata/consolefonts/tamsyn/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+Tamsyn font is free.  You are hereby granted permission to use, copy, modify,
+and distribute it as you see fit.
+
+Tamsyn font is provided "as is" without any express or implied warranty.
+
+The author makes no representations about the suitability of this font for
+a particular purpose.
+
+In no event will the author be held liable for damages arising from the use
+of this font.

sysdata/libraries/dt_api/README.md

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-# dt_api

sysdata/libraries/dt_api/src/lib.hb

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-stn := @use("../../stn/src/lib.hb");
-.{string, memory, buffer} := stn
-
-dt_get := fn(query: ^u8): int {
-	message_length := string.length(query)
-
-	return @eca(3, 5, query, message_length)
-}

sysdata/libraries/horizon_api/src/lib.hb

@@ -1,25 +1,48 @@
 stn := @use("../../stn/src/lib.hb");
-.{string, memory, buffer} := stn
+.{string, memory, buffer, log} := stn
+
+render := @use("../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
 
 input := @use("../../intouch/src/lib.hb")
 
+widgets := @use("widgets.hb")
+
 WindowID := struct {
 	host_id: int,
 	window_id: int,
 }
 
-create_window := fn(channel: int): void {
+VoidWindowID := WindowID.(0, 0)
+
+create_window := fn(channel: int): ^render.Surface {
 	// get the horizon buffer
 	// request a new window and provide the callback buffer
 	// wait to recieve a message
 
 	windowing_system_buffer := buffer.search("XHorizon\0")
+	mem_buf := memory.request_page(1)
 
 	if windowing_system_buffer == 0 {
-		return
+		return @as(^render.Surface, idk)
 	} else {
-		msg := "\{01}\0"
-		msg_length := 2
-		return @eca(3, windowing_system_buffer, msg, msg_length)
+		// ! bad able, stop using string messages :ragey:
+		// msg := "\{01}\0"
+		// msg_length := 2
+
+		// @as(void, @eca(3, windowing_system_buffer, msg, msg_length))
+
+		x := 0
+		loop if x > 1000 break else x += 1
+
+		ret := buffer.recv([u8; 4096], windowing_system_buffer, mem_buf)
+		if ret == 0 {
+			log.info("No messages\0")
+		}
+
+		if *mem_buf == 0 {
+			log.info("No messages\0")
+		}
+
+		return @as(^render.Surface, idk)
 	}
 }

sysdata/libraries/horizon_api/src/widgets.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Widget types
+
+// End types
+
+LayoutChildHorizontalFirst := 0
+LayoutChildVerticalFirst := 1
+
+Size := struct {
+	min_width: int,
+	max_width: int,
+	min_height: int,
+	max_height: int,
+}
+
+Widget := struct {
+	size: Size,
+	clickable: bool,
+	layout: u8,
+	a: bool,
+}

sysdata/libraries/ignim/src/application.hb

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ ApplicationInfo := struct {
 	pNext: ^int,
 	application_name: ^u8,
 	application_version: int,
-	engine_name: int,
+	engine_name: ^u8,
 	engine_version: int,
 	api_version: int,
 }

sysdata/libraries/intouch/src/keycodes.hb

@@ -64,4 +64,4 @@ RightSuper := KeyCode.(312)
 Mode := KeyCode.(313)
 
 /* Multi-key compose key */
-Compose := KeyCode.(314)
+Compose := KeyCode.(314)

sysdata/libraries/render/TODO.md

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# Images
+- General over image format
+- Support formats:
+    - PNG
+- Animation
+
+# API
+- Colour operations:
+    - Alpha Composite
+    - Invert
+- Surface Operations:
+    - FlipH
+    - Resize
+    - Wrap the colour operations
+    - Tile
+    - Gradient overlay
+- Draw operations:
+    - Curve raster algorithm
+    - VGA font fast blit
+    - Polygon
+    - Rounded rects
+
+# Backend
+- SVGA Driver
+- Support whatever vulkan stuff able is cooking
+
+# Bits and bobs on the table
+- Funny 3D Renderer
+- stn.memory.swap & kernel message
+- Make memory.{copy, set} smart

sysdata/libraries/render/src/image.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+.{Color, Surface, new_surface} := @use("./lib.hb");
+.{log, memory} := @use("../../stn/src/lib.hb")
+
+BitmapFileHeader := packed struct {
+	img_type: u16,
+	size: u32,
+	reserved_1: u16,
+	reserved_2: u16,
+	offset: u32,
+}
+
+BitmapInfoHeader := packed struct {
+	size: u32,
+	width: i32,
+	height: i32,
+	planes: u16,
+	bits: u16,
+	compression: u32,
+	image_size: u32,
+	x_resolution: i32,
+	y_resolution: i32,
+	n_colours: u32,
+	important_colours: u32,
+}
+
+BitmapColorHeader := packed struct {
+	red_mask: u32,
+	green_mask: u32,
+	blue_mask: u32,
+	alpha_mask: u32,
+	color_space_type: u32,
+	unused: u32,
+}
+
+surface_from_bmp := fn(bmp: ^u8): Surface {
+	file_header := @as(^BitmapFileHeader, @bitcast(bmp))
+	if file_header.img_type != 0x4D42 {
+		log.error("failed to load bmp image: not a bmp image, idiot\0")
+		return idk
+	}
+	info_header := @as(^BitmapInfoHeader, @bitcast(bmp + @sizeof(BitmapFileHeader)))
+	bmp += file_header.offset
+
+	px := info_header.width * info_header.height
+	ptr := @as(^Color, @bitcast(bmp))
+	tmp := @as(Color, idk)
+	row := @as(i32, 0)
+
+	loop if row == info_header.height / 2 break else {
+		col := @as(i32, 0)
+		loop if col == info_header.width break else {
+			top_index := row * info_header.width + col
+			bottom_index := (info_header.height - 1 - row) * info_header.width + col
+
+			tmp = *(ptr + top_index);
+			*(ptr + top_index) = *(ptr + bottom_index);
+			*(ptr + bottom_index) = tmp
+
+			col += 1
+		}
+		row += 1
+	}
+
+	return .(@bitcast(bmp), info_header.width, info_header.height)
+}
+
+new_surface_from_bmp := fn(bmp: ^u8): Surface {
+	file_header := @as(^BitmapFileHeader, @bitcast(bmp))
+	if file_header.img_type != 0x4D42 {
+		log.error("failed to load bmp image: not a bmp image, idiot\0")
+		return idk
+	}
+	info_header := @as(^BitmapInfoHeader, @bitcast(bmp + @sizeof(BitmapFileHeader)))
+	bmp += file_header.offset
+
+	width := @as(uint, @intcast(info_header.width))
+	height := @as(uint, @intcast(info_header.height))
+
+	surface := new_surface(width, height)
+	top_start_idx := surface.buf
+	bottom_start_idx := surface.buf + width * (height - 1)
+	rows_to_copy := height
+	top_cursor := @as(^Color, @bitcast(bmp))
+	bottom_cursor := top_cursor + width * (height - 1)
+
+	loop if rows_to_copy <= 1 break else {
+		@inline(memory.copy, Color, top_cursor, bottom_start_idx, @bitcast(width))
+		@inline(memory.copy, Color, bottom_cursor, top_start_idx, @bitcast(width))
+
+		top_start_idx += surface.width
+		bottom_start_idx -= surface.width
+		top_cursor += width
+		bottom_cursor -= width
+		rows_to_copy -= 2
+	}
+
+	if rows_to_copy == 1 {
+		@inline(memory.copy, Color, top_cursor, top_start_idx, @bitcast(width))
+	}
+
+	return surface
+}

sysdata/libraries/render/src/lib.hb

@@ -1,30 +1,38 @@
-svga := @use("svga.hb")
 software := @use("software.hb")
+image := @use("image.hb")
+text := @use("text.hb")
 
 // default mode
 mode := software
 
 init := mode.init
 doublebuffer := mode.doublebuffer
+Surface := mode.Surface
+new_surface := mode.new_surface
+surface_from_ptr := mode.surface_from_ptr
+clone_surface := mode.clone_surface
+free_surface := mode.free_surface
+index := mode.index
+indexptr := mode.indexptr
 
 // Colours
-Color := mode.Color
-white := mode.white
-black := mode.black
-gray := mode.gray
-red := mode.red
-green := mode.green
-yellow := mode.yellow
-blue := mode.blue
-magenta := mode.magenta
-cyan := mode.cyan
-light_gray := mode.light_gray
-light_red := mode.light_red
-light_green := mode.light_green
-light_yellow := mode.light_yellow
-light_blue := mode.light_blue
-light_magenta := mode.light_magenta
-light_cyan := mode.light_cyan
+Color := packed struct {b: u8, g: u8, r: u8, a: u8}
+white := Color.(255, 255, 255, 255)
+black := Color.(0, 0, 0, 255)
+gray := Color.(127, 127, 127, 255)
+red := Color.(0, 0, 205, 255)
+green := Color.(0, 205, 0, 255)
+yellow := Color.(0, 205, 205, 255)
+blue := Color.(205, 0, 0, 255)
+magenta := Color.(205, 0, 205, 255)
+cyan := Color.(205, 205, 0, 255)
+light_gray := Color.(229, 229, 229, 255)
+light_red := Color.(0, 0, 255, 255)
+light_green := Color.(0, 255, 0, 255)
+light_yellow := Color.(0, 255, 255, 255)
+light_blue := Color.(255, 0, 0, 255)
+light_magenta := Color.(255, 0, 255, 255)
+light_cyan := Color.(255, 255, 0, 255)
 
 // Drawing
 put_pixel := mode.put_pixel
@@ -32,16 +40,12 @@ put_rect := mode.put_rect
 put_filled_rect := mode.put_filled_rect
 put_line := mode.put_line
 clear := mode.clear
+put_surface := mode.put_surface
+put_text := mode.put_text
+// thanks peony for these three!
+put_trirect := mode.put_trirect
+put_vline := mode.put_vline
+put_hline := mode.put_hline
 
 // Display
-width := mode.width
-height := mode.height
-dimensions := mode.dimensions
-set_height := mode.set_height
-set_width := mode.set_width
-set_dimensions := mode.set_dimensions
-sync := mode.sync
-
-// Math
-UVec2 := struct {x: uint, y: uint}
-IVec2 := struct {x: int, y: int}
+sync := mode.sync

sysdata/libraries/render/src/software.hb

@@ -1,197 +1,131 @@
-.{math, memory} := @use("../../stn/src/lib.hb");
-.{dt_get} := @use("../../dt_api/src/lib.hb");
-.{IVec2} := @use("lib.hb")
+.{math, memory, dt} := @use("../../stn/src/lib.hb");
+.{Color, text} := @use("lib.hb");
+.{get_glyph, Font} := text;
+.{Vec2} := math
 
-Color := struct {b: u8, g: u8, r: u8, a: u8}
-white := Color.(255, 255, 255, 255)
-black := Color.(0, 0, 0, 255)
-gray := Color.(127, 127, 127, 255)
-red := Color.(0, 0, 205, 255)
-green := Color.(0, 205, 0, 255)
-yellow := Color.(0, 205, 205, 255)
-blue := Color.(205, 0, 0, 255)
-magenta := Color.(205, 0, 205, 255)
-cyan := Color.(205, 205, 0, 255)
-light_gray := Color.(229, 229, 229, 255)
-light_red := Color.(0, 0, 255, 255)
-light_green := Color.(0, 255, 0, 255)
-light_yellow := Color.(0, 255, 255, 255)
-light_blue := Color.(255, 0, 0, 255)
-light_magenta := Color.(255, 0, 255, 255)
-light_cyan := Color.(255, 255, 0, 255)
-
-// might not work for some resolutions, but needs to be comptime because...
-copy_pixels := 0xC000 >> 2
-
-ctx := @as(Context, idk)
-
-// some of these are redudant holdovers from fb_driver
-// will keep them for future work if necessary
-Context := struct {
-	fb: ^Color,
-	bb: ^Color,
+Surface := struct {
 	buf: ^Color,
-	width: int,
-	height: int,
-	partitions: int,
-	pixels: int,
-	bb_pages: int,
-	double_buffer: bool,
+	width: uint,
+	height: uint,
 }
 
-init := fn(): void {
-	width := dt_get("framebuffer/fb0/width\0")
-	height := dt_get("framebuffer/fb0/height\0")
-	// width := 1024
-	// height := 768
-	pixels := width * height
-	bytes := pixels << 2
-	partitions := pixels / copy_pixels
-	pages := 1 + bytes >> 12
-	back_buffer := create_back_buffer(pages)
-	ctx = Context.{
-		fb: dt_get("framebuffer/fb0/ptr\0"),
-		bb: back_buffer,
-		buf: back_buffer,
+new_surface := fn(width: uint, height: uint): Surface {
+	return .(
+		@inline(memory.alloc, Color, width * height),
 		width,
 		height,
-		partitions,
-		pixels,
-		bb_pages: pages,
-		double_buffer: true,
-	}
-	return
+	)
 }
 
-doublebuffer := fn(enable: bool): void {
-	if enable {
-		ctx.buf = ctx.bb
+surface_from_ptr := fn(ptr: ^Color, width: uint, height: uint): Surface {
+	return .(
+		ptr,
+		width,
+		height,
+	)
+}
+
+clone_surface := fn(surface: ^Surface): Surface {
+	new := new_surface(surface.width, surface.height)
+	@inline(memory.copy, Color, surface.buf, new.buf, @intcast(surface.width * surface.height))
+	return new
+}
+
+// ! is broken, check memory.free function
+free_surface := fn(surface: Surface): void {
+	return @inline(memory.free, Color, surface.buf, @intcast(surface.width * surface.height), false)
+}
+
+framebuffer := @as(^Color, idk)
+
+init := fn(doublebuffer: bool): Surface {
+	framebuffer = dt.get(^Color, "framebuffer/fb0/ptr\0")
+	width := dt.get(uint, "framebuffer/fb0/width\0")
+	height := dt.get(uint, "framebuffer/fb0/height\0")
+	if doublebuffer {
+		return new_surface(width, height)
 	} else {
-		ctx.buf = ctx.fb
+		return .(framebuffer, width, height)
 	}
-	ctx.double_buffer = enable
+}
+
+clear := fn(surface: Surface, color: Color): void {
+	return @inline(memory.set, Color, &color, surface.buf, surface.width * surface.height)
+}
+
+sync := fn(surface: Surface): void {
+	// vague safety
+	if surface.buf == framebuffer {
+		return
+	}
+	return @inline(memory.copy, Color, surface.buf, framebuffer, @bitcast(surface.width * surface.height))
+}
+
+index := fn(surface: Surface, x: uint, y: uint): uint {
+	return x + surface.width * y
+}
+
+indexptr := fn(surface: Surface, x: uint, y: uint): ^Color {
+	return surface.buf + @inline(index, surface, x, y)
+}
+
+put_pixel := fn(surface: Surface, pos: Vec2(uint), color: Color): void {
+	*@inline(indexptr, surface, pos.x, pos.y) = color
 	return
 }
 
-create_back_buffer := fn(pages: int): ^Color {
-	if pages <= 0xFF {
-		return @bitcast(@inline(memory.request_page, pages))
-	}
-	ptr := @inline(memory.request_page, 255)
-	remaining := pages - 0xFF
-	loop if remaining <= 0 break else {
-		if remaining < 0xFF {
-			memory.request_page(remaining)
-		} else {
-			memory.request_page(0xFF)
-		}
-		remaining -= 0xFF
-	}
-	return @bitcast(ptr)
-}
+put_filled_rect := fn(surface: Surface, pos: Vec2(uint), tr: Vec2(uint), color: Color): void {
+	top_start_idx := @inline(indexptr, surface, pos.x, pos.y)
+	bottom_start_idx := @inline(indexptr, surface, pos.x, pos.y + tr.y - 1)
+	rows_to_fill := tr.y
 
-clear := fn(color: Color): void {
-	cursor := ctx.buf
-	boundary := cursor + 512
-	loop if cursor == boundary break else {
-		*cursor = color
-		cursor += 1
+	loop if rows_to_fill <= 1 break else {
+		@inline(memory.set, Color, &color, top_start_idx, @bitcast(tr.x))
+		@inline(memory.set, Color, &color, bottom_start_idx, @bitcast(tr.x))
+
+		top_start_idx += surface.width
+		bottom_start_idx -= surface.width
+		rows_to_fill -= 2
 	}
-	boundary += 512 * 7
-	loop if cursor == boundary break else {
-		*@as(^[Color; 512], @bitcast(cursor)) = *@as(^[Color; 512], @bitcast(ctx.buf))
-		cursor += 512
-	}
-	boundary += copy_pixels - 4096
-	loop if cursor == boundary break else {
-		*@as(^[Color; 4096], @bitcast(cursor)) = *@as(^[Color; 4096], @bitcast(ctx.buf))
-		cursor += 4096
-	}
-	boundary += (ctx.partitions - 1) * copy_pixels
-	loop if cursor == boundary break else {
-		*@as(^[Color; copy_pixels], @bitcast(cursor)) = *@as(^[Color; copy_pixels], @bitcast(ctx.buf))
-		cursor += @sizeof([u8; copy_pixels])
+
+	if rows_to_fill == 1 {
+		@inline(memory.set, Color, &color, top_start_idx, @bitcast(tr.x))
 	}
+
 	return
 }
 
-sync := fn(): void {
-	if ctx.double_buffer {
-		bb := ctx.buf
-		fb := ctx.fb
-		boundary := bb + ctx.pixels
-		loop if bb == boundary break else {
-			*@as(^[Color; copy_pixels], @bitcast(fb)) = *@as(^[Color; copy_pixels], @bitcast(bb))
-			bb += copy_pixels
-			fb += copy_pixels
-		}
+put_rect := fn(surface: Surface, pos: Vec2(uint), tr: Vec2(uint), color: Color): void {
+	start_idx := @inline(indexptr, surface, pos.x, pos.y)
+	end_idx := @inline(indexptr, surface, pos.x, pos.y + tr.y)
+	right_start_idx := @inline(indexptr, surface, pos.x + tr.x, pos.y)
+
+	loop if start_idx > end_idx break else {
+		*start_idx = color;
+		*right_start_idx = color
+		start_idx += surface.width
+		right_start_idx += surface.width
 	}
+
+	@inline(memory.set, Color, &color, @inline(indexptr, surface, pos.x, pos.y), @bitcast(tr.x + 1))
+	@inline(memory.set, Color, &color, @inline(indexptr, surface, pos.x, pos.y + tr.y), @bitcast(tr.x + 1))
+
 	return
 }
 
-width := fn(): int {
-	return ctx.width
-}
-
-height := fn(): int {
-	return ctx.height
-}
-
-screenidx := fn(x: int, y: int): int {
-	return x + ctx.width * y
-}
-
-put_pixel := fn(pos: IVec2, color: Color): void {
-	*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, pos.x, pos.y)) = color
-	return
-}
-
-put_filled_rect := fn(pos: IVec2, tr: IVec2, color: Color): void {
-	x := pos.x
-	y := pos.y
-	end := pos + tr
-	loop if x == end.x break else {
-		loop if y == end.y break else {
-			*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x, y)) = color
-			y += 1
-		}
-		x += 1
-		y = pos.y
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-put_rect := fn(pos: IVec2, tr: IVec2, color: Color): void {
-	x := pos.x
-	y := pos.y
-	end := pos + tr
-	loop if y == end.y break else {
-		*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x, y)) = color;
-		*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x + tr.x, y)) = color
-		y += 1
-	}
-	y = pos.y
-	loop if x == end.x break else {
-		*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x, y)) = color;
-		*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x, y + tr.y)) = color
-		x += 1
-	}
-	return
-}
-
-put_line_low := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
-	dx := p1.x - p0.x
-	dy := p1.y - p0.y
+put_line_low := fn(surface: Surface, p0: Vec2(uint), p1: Vec2(uint), color: Color): void {
+	dx := @as(int, @bitcast(p1.x - p0.x))
+	dy := @as(int, @bitcast(p1.y - p0.y))
 	yi := 1
 	if dy < 0 {
 		yi = -1
 		dy = -dy
 	}
-	D := 2 * dy - dx
+	D := @as(int, 2) * dy - dx
 	y := p0.y
 	x := p0.x
 	loop if x == p1.x break else {
-		*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x, y)) = color
+		*@inline(indexptr, surface, x, y) = color
 		if D > 0 {
 			y += yi
 			D += 2 * (dy - dx)
@@ -203,19 +137,19 @@ put_line_low := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
 	return
 }
 
-put_line_high := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
-	dx := p1.x - p0.x
-	dy := p1.y - p0.y
+put_line_high := fn(surface: Surface, p0: Vec2(uint), p1: Vec2(uint), color: Color): void {
+	dx := @as(int, @bitcast(p1.x - p0.x))
+	dy := @as(int, @bitcast(p1.y - p0.y))
 	xi := 1
 	if dy < 0 {
 		xi = -1
 		dx = -dx
 	}
-	D := 2 * dx - dy
+	D := @as(int, 2) * dx - dy
 	x := p0.x
 	y := p0.y
 	loop if y == p1.y break else {
-		*(ctx.buf + @inline(screenidx, x, y)) = color
+		*@inline(indexptr, surface, x, y) = color
 		if D > 0 {
 			x += xi
 			D += 2 * (dx - dy)
@@ -227,35 +161,160 @@ put_line_high := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
 	return
 }
 
-put_line := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
-	if @inline(math.abs, p1.y - p0.y) < @inline(math.abs, p1.x - p0.x) {
+put_line := fn(surface: Surface, p0: Vec2(uint), p1: Vec2(uint), color: Color): void {
+	if math.abs(uint, p1.y - p0.y) < math.abs(uint, p1.x - p0.x) {
 		if p0.x > p1.x {
-			@inline(put_line_low, p1, p0, color)
+			@inline(put_line_low, surface, p1, p0, color)
 		} else {
-			@inline(put_line_low, p0, p1, color)
+			@inline(put_line_low, surface, p0, p1, color)
 		}
 	} else {
 		if p0.y > p1.y {
-			@inline(put_line_high, p1, p0, color)
+			@inline(put_line_high, surface, p1, p0, color)
 		} else {
-			@inline(put_line_high, p0, p1, color)
+			@inline(put_line_high, surface, p0, p1, color)
 		}
 	}
 	return
 }
 
-set_height := fn(new: int): void {
+put_surface := fn(surface: Surface, top: Surface, pos: Vec2(uint), flip_v: bool): void {
+	top_start_idx := @inline(indexptr, surface, pos.x, pos.y)
+	bottom_start_idx := @inline(indexptr, surface, pos.x, pos.y + top.height - 1)
+	rows_to_copy := top.height
+	top_cursor := top.buf
+	bottom_cursor := top.buf + top.width * (top.height - 1)
+
+	loop if rows_to_copy <= 1 break else {
+		if flip_v {
+			@inline(memory.copy, Color, top_cursor, bottom_start_idx, @bitcast(top.width))
+			@inline(memory.copy, Color, bottom_cursor, top_start_idx, @bitcast(top.width))
+		} else {
+			@inline(memory.copy, Color, top_cursor, top_start_idx, @bitcast(top.width))
+			@inline(memory.copy, Color, bottom_cursor, bottom_start_idx, @bitcast(top.width))
+		}
+
+		top_start_idx += surface.width
+		bottom_start_idx -= surface.width
+		top_cursor += top.width
+		bottom_cursor -= top.width
+		rows_to_copy -= 2
+	}
+
+	if rows_to_copy == 1 {
+		@inline(memory.copy, Color, top_cursor, top_start_idx, @bitcast(top.width))
+	}
+
 	return
 }
 
-set_width := fn(new: int): void {
+// peony-made
+put_trirect := fn(surface: Surface, pos: Vec2(uint), size: Vec2(int), color0: Color, color1: Color): void {
+	step := Vec2(int).(1, 1)
+	if size.x < 0 {
+		step.x = -1
+	}
+	if size.y < 0 {
+		step.y /= @bitcast(size.x)
+	}
+
+	start_y := pos.y
+	target := pos + @bitcast(size)
+
+	loop if pos.x == target.x break else {
+		@inline(put_vline, surface, pos.x, pos.y, target.y, color0)
+		@inline(put_vline, surface, pos.x, pos.y, start_y, color1)
+		pos += @bitcast(step)
+	}
+
 	return
 }
 
-dimensions := fn(): IVec2 {
-	return .(ctx.width, ctx.height)
+// peony-made
+put_vline := fn(surface: Surface, x: uint, y0: uint, y1: uint, color: Color): void {
+	if y1 < y0 {
+		tmp := y0
+		y0 = y1
+		y1 = tmp
+	}
+	y := y0
+
+	loop if y == y1 break else {
+		*@inline(indexptr, surface, x, y) = color
+		y += 1
+	}
+
+	return
 }
 
-set_dimensions := fn(new: IVec2): void {
+// peony-made
+put_hline := fn(surface: Surface, y: uint, x0: uint, x1: uint, color: Color): void {
+	if x1 < x0 {
+		tmp := x0
+		x0 = x1
+		x1 = tmp
+	}
+	@inline(memory.set, Color, &color, @inline(indexptr, surface, x0, y), @bitcast(x1 - x0 - 1))
+
+	return
+}
+
+put_text := fn(surface: Surface, font: Font, pos: Vec2(uint), color: Color, str: ^u8): void {
+	cursor := Vec2(uint).(pos.x, pos.y)
+	current_char := str
+
+	loop if *current_char == 0 break else {
+		if *current_char == 10 {
+			cursor.x = pos.x
+			cursor.y += font.height + font.line_gap
+			current_char += 1
+			continue
+		}
+
+		glyph_data := @inline(get_glyph, font, @intcast(*current_char))
+		if glyph_data == idk {
+			current_char += 1
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if cursor.x % surface.width + font.width >= surface.width {
+			cursor.x = pos.x
+			cursor.y += font.height + font.line_gap
+		}
+		if cursor.y + font.height > surface.height break
+
+		dest := @inline(indexptr, surface, cursor.x, cursor.y)
+		src := glyph_data
+		rows_remaining := font.height
+
+		loop if rows_remaining == 0 break else {
+			byte := *glyph_data
+			pixel_dest := dest
+			mask := @as(u8, 0x80)
+			bits_remaining := font.width
+
+			loop if bits_remaining == 0 break else {
+				if (byte & mask) != 0 {
+					*pixel_dest = color
+				}
+				pixel_dest += 1
+				mask >>= 1
+				if mask == 0 {
+					glyph_data += 1
+					byte = *glyph_data
+					mask = 0x80
+				}
+				bits_remaining -= 1
+			}
+
+			glyph_data += 1
+			dest += surface.width
+			rows_remaining -= 1
+		}
+
+		cursor.x += font.width + font.char_gap
+		current_char += 1
+	}
+
 	return
 }

sysdata/libraries/render/src/svga.hb

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-.{IVec2} := @use("lib.hb")
-// .{pci, memory, string, log} := @use("../../stn/src/lib.hb");
-
-Color := struct {b: u8, g: u8, r: u8, a: u8}
-white := Color.(255, 255, 255, 255)
-black := Color.(0, 0, 0, 255)
-gray := Color.(127, 127, 127, 255)
-red := Color.(0, 0, 205, 255)
-green := Color.(0, 205, 0, 255)
-yellow := Color.(0, 205, 205, 255)
-blue := Color.(205, 0, 0, 255)
-magenta := Color.(205, 0, 205, 255)
-cyan := Color.(205, 205, 0, 255)
-light_gray := Color.(229, 229, 229, 255)
-light_red := Color.(0, 0, 255, 255)
-light_green := Color.(0, 255, 0, 255)
-light_yellow := Color.(0, 255, 255, 255)
-light_blue := Color.(255, 0, 0, 255)
-light_magenta := Color.(255, 0, 255, 255)
-light_cyan := Color.(255, 255, 0, 255)
-
-clear := fn(color: Color): void {
-	return
-}
-
-width := fn(): int {
-	return 0
-}
-
-height := fn(): int {
-	return 0
-}
-
-dimensions := fn(): IVec2 {
-	return .(0, 0)
-}
-
-put_pixel := fn(position: IVec2, color: Color): void {
-	return
-}
-
-put_filled_rect := fn(pos: IVec2, tr: IVec2, color: Color): void {
-	return
-}
-
-put_rect := fn(pos: IVec2, tr: IVec2, color: Color): void {
-	return
-}
-
-put_line_low := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
-	return
-}
-// do not use, use line() instead
-put_line_high := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
-	return
-}
-
-put_line := fn(p0: IVec2, p1: IVec2, color: Color): void {
-	return
-}
-
-set_height := fn(new: int): void {
-	return
-}
-
-set_width := fn(new: int): void {
-	return
-}
-
-set_dimensions := fn(new: IVec2): void {
-	return
-}
-
-sync := fn(): void {
-	return
-}
-
-init := fn(): void {
-	return
-}

sysdata/libraries/render/src/text.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+.{log} := @use("../../stn/src/lib.hb")
+
+PSF1Header := packed struct {
+	magic: u16,
+	font_mode: u8,
+	character_size: u8,
+}
+
+PSF2Header := packed struct {
+	magic: u32,
+	version: u32,
+	header_size: u32,
+	flags: u32,
+	num_glyph: u32,
+	bytes_per_glyph: u32,
+	height: u32,
+	width: u32,
+}
+
+Font := struct {
+	data: ^u8,
+	width: uint,
+	height: uint,
+	num_glyphs: uint,
+	bytes_per_glyph: uint,
+	has_unicode_table: bool,
+	line_gap: uint,
+	char_gap: uint,
+}
+
+font_from_psf1 := fn(psf: ^u8): Font {
+	header := @as(^PSF1Header, @bitcast(psf))
+	if header.magic != 0x436 {
+		log.error("failed to load psf font: not a psf1 font, idiot\0")
+		return idk
+	}
+
+	psf += @sizeof(PSF1Header)
+
+	return .(
+		psf,
+		8,
+		@intcast(header.character_size),
+		256,
+		@intcast(header.character_size),
+		false,
+		0,
+		0,
+	)
+}
+
+font_from_psf2 := fn(psf: ^u8): Font {
+	header := @as(^PSF2Header, @bitcast(psf))
+	if header.magic != 0x864AB572 {
+		log.error("failed to load psf font: not a psf2 font, idiot\0")
+		return idk
+	}
+
+	psf += header.header_size
+
+	return .(
+		psf,
+		@intcast(header.width),
+		@intcast(header.height),
+		@intcast(header.num_glyph),
+		@intcast(header.bytes_per_glyph),
+		(header.flags & 1) != 0,
+		0,
+		0,
+	)
+}
+
+get_glyph := fn(font: Font, index: uint): ^u8 {
+	return font.data + index * font.bytes_per_glyph
+}

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/buffer.hb

@@ -1,22 +1,27 @@
 string := @use("string.hb")
 
-receive_message := fn(buffer_id: int, memory_map_location: ^u8, length: int): ^u8 {
+recv := fn($Expr: type, buffer_id: int, memory_map_location: ^u8): ^Expr {
+	return @eca(4, buffer_id, memory_map_location, @sizeof(Expr))
+}
+
+write := fn($Expr: type, msg: ^Expr, buffer_id: int): void {
+	return @eca(3, buffer_id, msg, @sizeof(Expr))
+}
+
+recv_length := fn(buffer_id: int, memory_map_location: ^u8, length: int): void {
 	return @eca(4, buffer_id, memory_map_location, length)
 }
 
-send_message := fn(msg: ^u8, buffer_id: int, length: int): void {
+write_length := fn(msg: ^u8, buffer_id: int, length: int): void {
 	return @eca(3, buffer_id, msg, length)
 }
 
+BufferMsg := packed struct {operation: u8, msg: ^u8, msg_len: uint}
+
 create := fn(msg: ^u8): int {
-	msg_length := @inline(string.length, msg);
-	*msg = 0
-	return @eca(3, 0, msg, msg_length)
+	return @eca(3, 0, BufferMsg.(0, msg, @inline(string.length, msg)), @sizeof(BufferMsg))
 }
 
 search := fn(msg: ^u8): int {
-	msg_length := @inline(string.length, msg);
-	*msg = 3
-
-	return @eca(3, 0, msg, msg_length)
+	return @eca(3, 0, BufferMsg.(3, msg, @inline(string.length, msg)), @sizeof(BufferMsg))
 }

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/dt.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.{string} := @use("../../stn/src/lib.hb")
+
+get := fn($Expr: type, query: ^u8): Expr {
+	return @eca(3, 5, query, @inline(string.length, query))
+}

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/file_io.hb

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ acs := @use("acs.hb");
 // Paths without a node-disk component are to be treated as local files.
 // file_path := "DID:/test\0";
 Path := struct {
-	// DiskID holds the host id 
+	// DiskID holds the host id
 	disk_id: DiskID,
 	length: u8,
 	data: ^u8,

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/lib.hb

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 acs := @use("acs.hb")
-
 string := @use("string.hb")
 log := @use("log.hb")
 memory := @use("memory.hb")
 buffer := @use("buffer.hb")
 math := @use("math.hb")
 random := @use("random.hb")
-file := @use("file_io.hb")
+file := @use("file_io.hb")
+dt := @use("dt.hb")

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/log.hb

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 string := @use("string.hb")
-buffer := @use("buffer.hb")
 
-log := fn(message: ^u8, level: u8): void {
-	message_length := @inline(string.length, message);
-	*(message + message_length) = level
+LogMsg := packed struct {level: u8, string: ^u8, strlen: uint}
 
-	return @eca(3, 1, message, message_length + 1)
+log := fn(level: u8, message: ^u8): void {
+	return @eca(3, 1, LogMsg.(level, message, @inline(string.length, message)), @sizeof(LogMsg))
 }
 
-error := fn(message: ^u8): void return log(message, 0)
-warn := fn(message: ^u8): void return log(message, 1)
-info := fn(message: ^u8): void return log(message, 2)
-debug := fn(message: ^u8): void return log(message, 3)
-trace := fn(message: ^u8): void return log(message, 4)
+error := fn(message: ^u8): void return @inline(log, 0, message)
+warn := fn(message: ^u8): void return @inline(log, 1, message)
+info := fn(message: ^u8): void return @inline(log, 2, message)
+debug := fn(message: ^u8): void return @inline(log, 3, message)
+trace := fn(message: ^u8): void return @inline(log, 4, message)

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/math.hb

@@ -1,15 +1,59 @@
-shift := 31
-
-// following only work for: int
-abs := fn(x: int): int {
-	mask := x >> shift
+abs := fn($Expr: type, x: Expr): Expr {
+	mask := x >> @intcast(@sizeof(Expr) - 1)
 	return (x ^ mask) - mask
 }
-min := fn(a: int, b: int): int {
+min := fn($Expr: type, a: Expr, b: Expr): Expr {
 	c := a - b
-	return b + (c & c >> shift)
+	return b + (c & c >> @intcast(@sizeof(Expr) - 1))
 }
-max := fn(a: int, b: uint): int {
+max := fn($Expr: type, a: Expr, b: Expr): Expr {
 	c := a - b
-	return a - (c & c >> shift)
+	return a - (c & c >> @intcast(@sizeof(Expr) - 1))
+}
+signum := fn($Expr: type, x: Expr): int {
+	if x > @as(Expr, @intcast(0)) {
+		return 1
+	} else if x < @as(Expr, @intcast(0)) {
+		return -1
+	} else {
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+signincl := fn($Expr: type, x: Expr): int {
+	if x > @as(Expr, @intcast(0)) {
+		return 1
+	}
+	return -1
+}
+
+Vec2 := fn($Expr: type): type {
+	return struct {x: Expr, y: Expr}
+}
+
+SIN_TABLE := @as([int; 91], @bitcast(@embed("./assets/sin_table")))
+
+sin := fn(theta: int, amplitude: uint): int {
+	if theta < 0 {
+		theta += (-theta / 360 + 1) * 360
+	} else if theta >= 360 {
+		theta -= theta / 360 * 360
+	}
+
+	quadrant := theta / 90
+	index := theta % 90
+
+	if @as(u8, @intcast(quadrant)) == @as(u8, 1) {
+		index = 90 - index
+	}
+
+	value := SIN_TABLE[@bitcast(index)]
+	if quadrant >= 2 {
+		value = -value
+	}
+
+	return (value * @bitcast(amplitude) + 5000) / 10000
+}
+
+cos := fn(theta: int, amplitude: uint): int {
+	return @inline(sin, theta + 90, amplitude)
 }

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/memory.hb

@@ -1,39 +1,67 @@
-request_page := fn(page_count: u8): ^u8 {
-	msg := "\{00}\{01}xxxxxxxx\0"
-	msg_page_count := msg + 1;
-	*msg_page_count = page_count
-	return @eca(3, 2, msg, 12)
+PAGE_SIZE := 4096
+MAX_ALLOC := 0xFF
+MAX_FREE := 0xFF
+
+calc_pages := fn($Expr: type, num: uint): uint {
+	return 1 + @sizeof(Expr) * num / PAGE_SIZE
 }
 
-release_page := fn(ptr: ^u8, page_count: u8): void {
-	msg := "\{01}\{00}xxxxxxxx\0"
-
-	msg_page_count := msg + 1;
-	*msg_page_count = page_count
-
-	msg_ptr := @as(^^u8, @bitcast(msg + 2));
-	*msg_ptr = ptr
-
-	return @eca(3, 2, msg, 12)
+alloc := fn($Expr: type, num: uint): ^Expr {
+	pages := @inline(calc_pages, Expr, num)
+	if pages <= MAX_ALLOC {
+		return @bitcast(request_page(@intcast(pages)))
+	}
+	ptr := request_page(0xFF)
+	remaining := pages - MAX_ALLOC
+	loop if remaining < MAX_ALLOC break else {
+		_ := request_page(@intcast(MAX_ALLOC))
+		remaining -= MAX_ALLOC
+	}
+	_ := request_page(@intcast(remaining))
+	return @bitcast(ptr)
 }
 
-OutbMsg := struct {a: u8, b: u8, addr: u16, value: u8}
-InbMsg := struct {a: u8, b: u8, addr: u16}
-OutlMsg := struct {a: u8, b: u8, addr: u16, value: u32}
-InlMsg := struct {a: u8, b: u8, addr: u16}
+// ! stub
+free := fn($Expr: type, ptr: ^Expr, num: uint, nullify: bool): void {
+	return
+}
 
+RqPageMsg := packed struct {a: u8, count: u8}
+request_page := fn(count: u8): ^u8 {
+	return @eca(3, 2, &RqPageMsg.(0, count), @sizeof(RqPageMsg))
+}
+
+RlPageMsg := packed struct {a: u8, count: u8, ptr: ^u8}
+release_page := fn(ptr: ^u8, count: u8): void {
+	return @eca(3, 2, &RlPageMsg.(1, count, ptr), @sizeof(RlPageMsg))
+}
+
+OutbMsg := packed struct {a: u8, b: u8, addr: u16, value: u8}
 outb := fn(addr: u16, value: u8): void {
 	return @eca(3, 3, &OutbMsg.(1, 0, addr, value), @sizeof(OutbMsg))
 }
 
+InbMsg := packed struct {a: u8, b: u8, addr: u16}
 inb := fn(addr: u16): u8 {
 	return @eca(3, 3, &InbMsg.(0, 0, addr), @sizeof(InbMsg))
 }
 
+OutlMsg := packed struct {a: u8, b: u8, addr: u16, value: u32}
 outl := fn(addr: u16, value: u32): void {
 	return @eca(3, 3, &OutlMsg.(1, 2, addr, value), @sizeof(OutlMsg))
 }
 
+InlMsg := packed struct {a: u8, b: u8, addr: u16}
 inl := fn(addr: u16): u32 {
 	return @eca(3, 3, &InlMsg.(0, 2, addr), @sizeof(InlMsg))
+}
+
+CopyMsg := packed struct {a: u8, count: u32, src: ^u8, dest: ^u8}
+copy := fn($Expr: type, src: ^Expr, dest: ^Expr, count: uint): void {
+	return @eca(3, 2, &CopyMsg.(4, @intcast(count * @sizeof(Expr)), @bitcast(src), @bitcast(dest)), @sizeof(CopyMsg))
+}
+
+SetMsg := packed struct {a: u8, count: u32, size: u32, src: ^u8, dest: ^u8}
+set := fn($Expr: type, src: ^Expr, dest: ^Expr, count: uint): void {
+	return @eca(3, 2, &SetMsg.(5, @intcast(count), @intcast(@sizeof(Expr)), @bitcast(src), @bitcast(dest)), @sizeof(SetMsg))
 }

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/random.hb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-integer := fn(): int {
-	return @eca(3, 4)
+any := fn($Expr: type): Expr {
+	return *@eca(3, 4, &@as(Expr, idk), @sizeof(Expr))
 }
 
-integer_range := fn(min: int, max: int): int {
-	return @eca(3, 4) % (max - min + 1) + min
+range := fn($Expr: type, min: Expr, max: Expr): Expr {
+	return @inline(any, Expr) % (max - min) + @intcast(1) + min
 }

sysdata/libraries/stn/src/string.hb

@@ -1,42 +1,66 @@
-length := fn(ptr: ^u8): int {
-	len := 0
+length := fn(ptr: ^u8): uint {
+	len := @as(uint, 0)
+	// loop if *(ptr + len) == 0 return len else len += 1
 	loop if *(ptr + len) == 0 break else len += 1
 	return len
 }
 
-// WTFFF is wrong with display_int
-display_int := fn(num: int, p: ^u8): ^u8 {
+display_int := fn(num: int, p: ^u8, radix: uint): ^u8 {
 	ptr := p
 	negative := num < 0
 	if negative {
 		num = -num
 	}
+
+	if radix == 2 {
+		*ptr = 48
+		ptr += 1;
+		*ptr = 98
+		ptr += 1
+	} else if radix == 16 {
+		*ptr = 48
+		ptr += 1;
+		*ptr = 120
+		ptr += 1
+	} else if radix == 8 {
+		*ptr = 48
+		ptr += 1;
+		*ptr = 111
+		ptr += 1
+	}
+	digits_start := ptr
 	if num == 0 {
 		*ptr = 48
 		ptr += 1
 	} else {
 		loop if num == 0 break else {
-			*ptr = num % 10 + 48
+			digit := num % @bitcast(radix)
+			if digit < 10 {
+				*ptr = @intcast(digit) + 48
+			} else {
+				*ptr = @intcast(digit) + 55
+			}
 			ptr += 1
-			num /= 10
+			num /= @bitcast(radix)
 		}
 	}
+
 	if negative {
 		*ptr = 45
 		ptr += 1
 	};
+
 	*ptr = 0
-	@inline(reverse, p)
+
+	@inline(reverse, digits_start)
+
 	return p
 }
 
 reverse := fn(s: ^u8): void {
-	//reverse a string, don't remove digits
-	len := 0
-	loop if *(s + len) == 0 break else len += 1
-	i := 0
-	j := len - 1
-	temp := 0
+	i := @as(uint, 0)
+	j := @inline(length, s) - 1
+	temp := @as(u8, 0)
 	loop if i >= j break else {
 		temp = *(s + i);
 		*(s + i) = *(s + j);

sysdata/programs/dt_buffer_test/src/main.hb

@@ -1,14 +1,13 @@
-dt_api := @use("../../../libraries/dt_api/src/lib.hb");
-.{dt_get} := dt_api
+.{dt} := @use("../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb")
 
-main := fn(): int {
-	dt_api.dt_get("framebuffer/fb0/width\0")
-	dt_api.dt_get("cpu/cpu0/architecture\0")
+main := fn(): void {
+	dt.get(void, "framebuffer/fb0/width\0")
+	dt.get(void, "cpu/cpu0/architecture\0")
 
 	// Checking if the first detected serial port is memory mapped or port mapped
 	// 0 -> memory mapped
 	// 1 -> port mapped
-	dt_get("serial_ports/sp0/mapping\0")
+	dt.get(void, "serial_ports/sp0/mapping\0")
 
-	return 0
+	return
 }

sysdata/programs/filesystem_fat32/src/attributes.hb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-READ_ONLY := 0x1
-HIDDEN := 0x2
-SYSTEM := 0x4
-VOLUME_ID := 0x8
-DIRECTORY := 0x10
-ARCHIVE := 0x20
+READ_ONLY := @as(u32, 0x1)
+HIDDEN := @as(u32, 0x2)
+SYSTEM := @as(u32, 0x4)
+VOLUME_ID := @as(u32, 0x8)
+DIRECTORY := @as(u32, 0x10)
+ARCHIVE := @as(u32, 0x20)
 LFN := READ_ONLY | HIDDEN | SYSTEM | VOLUME_ID

sysdata/programs/filesystem_fat32/src/bios_parameter_block.hb

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ VolumeName := [u8; 11]
 
 SystemIdentifierString := [u8; 8]
 VALID_SYSTEM_IDENTIFIER_STRING := [u8].(46, 41, 54, 33, 32, 20, 20, 20)
-BOOTABLE_PARTITION_SIGNATURE := 0xAA55
+BOOTABLE_PARTITION_SIGNATURE := @as(u32, 0xAA55)
 
 BootCode := [u8; 420]
 
@@ -100,9 +100,10 @@ ebr_sanity_check := fn(ebr: ExtendedBootRecord): int {
 		log.warn("EBR-Signature sanity check failed\0")
 	}
 
-	if ebr.system_identifier_string != VALID_SYSTEM_IDENTIFIER_STRING {
-		log.warn("EBR-Signature-Identifier-String sanity check failed\0")
-	}
+	// ! comparison between [u8] is not supported in hblang
+	// if ebr.system_identifier_string != VALID_SYSTEM_IDENTIFIER_STRING {
+	// log.warn("EBR-Signature-Identifier-String sanity check failed\0")
+	// }
 	return 0
 }
 
@@ -131,21 +132,21 @@ new_ebr := fn(): ExtendedBootRecord {
 	)
 }
 
-VALID_LEAD_FS_INFO := 0x41615252
-VALID_TRAIL_FS_INFO := 0xAA550000
+VALID_LEAD_FS_INFO := @as(u32, 0x41615252)
+VALID_TRAIL_FS_INFO := @as(u32, 0xAA550000)
 
 FSInfo := struct {
 	// Must be 0x41615252 to indicate a valid FSInfo structure
 	lead_signature: u32,
 	lead_reserved: [u8; 480],
-	// If the value is 0xFFFFFFFF, then the free count is unknown and must be computed. However, this value might be incorrect and should at least be range checked (<= volume cluster count) 
+	// If the value is 0xFFFFFFFF, then the free count is unknown and must be computed. However, this value might be incorrect and should at least be range checked (<= volume cluster count)
 	last_known_free_cluster_count: u32,
 	last_known_avalible_cluster: u32,
 	trail_reserved: [u8; 12],
 	trail_signature: u32,
 }
 
-fs_info_sanity_check := fn(fs_info: FSInfo): int {
+fs_info_sanity_check := fn(fs_info: FSInfo): uint {
 	ret := 0
 	if fs_info.lead_signature != VALID_LEAD_FS_INFO {
 		ret &= 1

sysdata/programs/filesystem_fat32/src/file.hb

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ FileName := [u8; 11]
 FileEntry := struct {
 	file_name: FileName,
 	attributes: u8,
-	// We could use this byte for something but we likely will not 
+	// We could use this byte for something but we likely will not
 	nt_reserved: u8,
 	hundredths_seconds_creation: u8,
 	creation_time: datetime.time,

sysdata/programs/filesystem_fat32/src/main.hb

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ FAT12 := 1
 FAT16 := 2
 FAT32 := 3
 
-calculate_fat_type := fn(sector_size: int, total_clusters: int): int {
+calculate_fat_type := fn(sector_size: uint, total_clusters: uint): uint {
 	if sector_size == 0 {
 		return ExFAT
 	} else if total_clusters < 4085 {

sysdata/programs/horizon/src/main.hb

@@ -1,11 +1,88 @@
 stn := @use("../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb");
-.{string, memory, buffer} := stn
+.{string, memory, buffer, random, log} := stn;
+.{Vec2} := stn.math
 
 horizon_api := @use("../../../libraries/horizon_api/src/lib.hb")
 
+render := @use("../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
+
+Window := struct {
+	// TODO: Replace this with widgets
+	implicit_framebuffer: render.Surface,
+	width: int,
+	height: int,
+	x: int,
+	y: int,
+}
+
 main := fn(): int {
-	a := buffer.create("XHorizon\0")
+	win_buff := buffer.create("XHorizon\0")
+
+	screen := render.init(true)
+
+	// Clear the screen to black.
+	render.clear(screen, render.black)
+
+	window := render.new_surface(screen.width / 3, screen.height / 3)
+
+	x := 0
+
+	mem_buf := memory.request_page(1)
+	color := random.any(render.Color)
+	side := window.width / 8
+
+	vel_inner := Vec2(int).(1, 1)
+	pos_inner := Vec2(uint).((window.width - side) / 2, (window.height - side) / 2)
+
 	loop {
+		// Clear the screen
+		render.clear(screen, render.black)
+
+		// TODO: Read the window buffer here
+		{
+			ret := buffer.recv([u8; 4096], win_buff, mem_buf)
+			if ret == 0 {
+				log.info("No messages\0")
+			}
+		}
+
+		if pos_inner.x == 0 | pos_inner.x == window.width - side {
+			vel_inner.x = -vel_inner.x
+			color = random.any(render.Color)
+		}
+		if pos_inner.y == 20 | pos_inner.y == window.height - side {
+			vel_inner.y = -vel_inner.y
+			color = random.any(render.Color)
+		}
+
+		// TODO: Get windows out of a collection and iter through
+		window_count := 0
+		loop {
+			render.clear(window, render.black)
+			render.put_rect(screen, .(0, 0), .(screen.width - 1, screen.height - 1), render.white)
+
+			// Draw the decorators
+			{
+				render.put_rect(window, .(0, 0), .(window.width - 1, window.height - 1), render.white)
+				render.put_rect(window, .(0, 0), .(window.width - 1, 20), render.white)
+			}
+			render.put_filled_rect(window, pos_inner, .(side, side), color)
+
+			// Apply the image to the screen
+			pos := Vec2(uint).(x, 100)
+
+			render.put_surface(screen, window, pos, false)
+			if window_count >= 1 {
+				x = 0
+				break
+			}
+			window_count += 1
+			x += screen.width / 2
+		}
+		pos_inner += @bitcast(vel_inner)
+
+		// Sync the screen
+		render.sync(screen)
 	}
 
 	return 0

sysdata/programs/horizon_testing_program/src/main.hb

@@ -8,28 +8,33 @@ ignim := @use("../../../libraries/ignim/src/lib.hb");
 .{errors} := ignim
 
 main := fn(): int {
-	windowing_system_buffer := buffer.create("XHorizon\0")
+	x := 0
+	// loop if x > 10000 break else x += 1
 
+	windowing_system_buffer := buffer.search("XHorizon\0")
 	// TODO: get WindowID
-	create_window(windowing_system_buffer)
+	wid := create_window(windowing_system_buffer)
+	if false {
+		program_name := "Horizon Testing Program\0"
+		program_version := ignim.version.make_version(0, 1, 0)
+		engine_name := "None\0"
+		engine_version := ignim.version.make_version(0, 0, 0)
+		api_version := ignim.version.make_api_version(0, 1, 0, 0)
 
-	program_name := "Horizon Testing Program\0"
-	program_version := ignim.version.make_version(0, 1, 0)
-	engine_name := "None\0"
-	engine_version := ignim.version.make_version(0, 0, 0)
-	api_version := ignim.version.make_api_version(0, 1, 0, 0)
+		app_info := ignim.application.new_application_info(program_name, program_version, engine_name, engine_version, api_version)
 
-	app_info := ignim.application.new_application_info(program_name, program_version, engine_name, engine_version, api_version)
+		create_info := ignim.instance.new_create_info(&app_info)
 
-	create_info := ignim.instance.new_create_info(&app_info)
+		instance := ignim.instance.void_instance()
 
-	instance := ignim.instance.void_instance()
-
-	// TODO: recursively follow this https://vulkan-tutorial.com/Drawing_a_triangle/Setup/Instance
-	ret := ignim.instance.create_instance(&create_info, 0, &instance)
-	if ret == errors.IncompatibleDriver {
-		log.error("Driver Incompatible with Vulkan\0")
+		// // TODO: recursively follow this https://vulkan-tutorial.com/Drawing_a_triangle/Setup/Instance
+		ret := ignim.instance.create_instance(&create_info, 0, &instance)
+		if ret == errors.IncompatibleDriver {
+			log.error("Driver Incompatible with Vulkan\0")
+		}
 	}
 
+	// TODO: get window from the window system and draw to the surface
+
 	return 0
 }

sysdata/programs/ps2_driver/src/main.hb

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.{memory, log, string, buffer} := @use("../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb")
+.{memory, log, buffer} := @use("../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb")
 
 send_byte := fn(byte: u8): u8 {
 	memory.outb(96, byte)
@@ -6,18 +6,15 @@ send_byte := fn(byte: u8): u8 {
 }
 
 main := fn(): int {
-	send_byte(238)
+	buf := buffer.create("XKeyboard\0")
+	_ := send_byte(238)
 	log.info("PS/2 Driver Loaded\0")
 	if send_byte(238) == 238 {
 		log.info("PS/2 Keyboard Echoed\0")
 	}
-	a := 0
-	// a += 1
 	if send_byte(244) == 250 {
 		log.info("Enabled scanning\0")
 	}
-	buf := buffer.create("XKeyboard\0")
-	ptr := memory.request_page(1)
 	prev_input := 250
 	loop {
 		input := memory.inb(96)
@@ -25,9 +22,7 @@ main := fn(): int {
 			continue
 		}
 		prev_input = input
-		keycode_str := string.display_int(input, ptr)
-		log.info(keycode_str)
-		buffer.send_message(&input, buf, 1)
+		buffer.write(u8, &input, buf)
 	}
 	return 0
 }

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/amogus.hb

@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
    the impostor travels left and loops around the screen */
 
 example := fn(): void {
-	render.init()
+	screen := render.init(true)
 	x := 0
 	loop {
-		render.put_rect(.(200 - x, 80), .(430, 380), render.red)
-		render.put_rect(.(630 - x, 120), .(120, 300), render.red)
-		render.put_rect(.(200 - x, 460), .(160, 270), render.red)
-		render.put_rect(.(470 - x, 460), .(160, 270), render.red)
-		render.put_rect(.(140 - x, 140), .(340, 250), render.cyan)
-		render.sync()
-		render.clear(render.black)
+		render.put_rect(screen, .(200 - x, 80), .(430, 380), render.red)
+		render.put_rect(screen, .(630 - x, 120), .(120, 300), render.red)
+		render.put_rect(screen, .(200 - x, 460), .(160, 270), render.red)
+		render.put_rect(screen, .(470 - x, 460), .(160, 270), render.red)
+		render.put_rect(screen, .(140 - x, 140), .(340, 250), render.cyan)
+		render.sync(screen)
+		render.clear(screen, render.black)
 		x += 1
 	}
 	return

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/colors.hb

@@ -6,12 +6,12 @@ render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
    note that this may happen too fast for you to notice... */
 
 example := fn(): void {
-	render.init()
+	screen := render.init(true)
 	color := render.light_cyan
 	n := @as(u8, 1)
 	loop {
-		render.clear(color)
-		render.sync()
+		render.clear(screen, color)
+		render.sync(screen)
 		if (color.b & 255) == 255 | (color.b & 255) == 0 {
 			n = -n
 		}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/image.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+.{Vec2} := @use("../../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb").math
+render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
+
+/* expected result:
+   a cute image bounces around the screen */
+
+bmp_1 := @embed("./assets/able.bmp")
+bmp_2 := @embed("./assets/mini.bmp")
+
+example := fn(): void {
+	images := [render.Surface].(
+		render.image.surface_from_bmp(@bitcast(&bmp_1)),
+		render.image.surface_from_bmp(@bitcast(&bmp_2)),
+	)
+	screen := render.init(true)
+	vel := Vec2(int).(1, 1)
+	pos := Vec2(uint).(100, 100)
+	n := 0
+	loop {
+		image := images[n]
+		render.put_surface(screen, image, pos, false)
+		render.sync(screen)
+		render.clear(screen, render.black)
+
+		if pos.x == 0 | pos.x == screen.width - image.width {
+			vel.x = -vel.x
+			n = 1 - n
+		}
+		if pos.y == 0 | pos.y == screen.height - image.height {
+			vel.y = -vel.y
+			n = 1 - n
+		}
+
+		pos += @bitcast(vel)
+	}
+	return
+}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/lines.hb

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+.{Vec2} := @use("../../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb").math
 render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
 
 /* expected result:
@@ -5,18 +6,16 @@ render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
    created on a blue background */
 
 example := fn(): void {
-	render.init()
-	render.clear(.(100, 50, 0, 255))
-	width := render.width()
-	height := render.height()
-	p0 := render.IVec2.(0, 0)
-	p1 := render.IVec2.(0, height)
-	loop if p0.y >= height break else {
-		render.put_line(p0, p1, .(255, 180, 100, 255))
-		render.put_line(.(width, height) - p0, .(width, height) - p1, .(255, 180, 100, 255))
-		p0.y += height >> 6
-		p1.x += width >> 6
+	screen := render.init(true)
+	render.clear(screen, .(100, 50, 0, 255))
+	p0 := Vec2(uint).(0, 0)
+	p1 := Vec2(uint).(0, screen.height)
+	loop if p0.y >= screen.height break else {
+		render.put_line(screen, p0, p1, .(255, 180, 100, 255))
+		render.put_line(screen, .(screen.width, screen.height) - p0, .(screen.width, screen.height) - p1, .(255, 180, 100, 255))
+		p0.y += screen.height >> 6
+		p1.x += screen.width >> 6
 	}
-	render.sync()
+	render.sync(screen)
 	return
 }

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/random.hb

@@ -2,16 +2,15 @@
 render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
 
 example := fn(): void {
-	render.init()
-	render.doublebuffer(false)
-	render.clear(render.black)
+	screen := render.init(false)
+	render.clear(screen, render.black)
 	loop {
-		x := random.integer_range(0, 1024)
-		y := random.integer_range(0, 768)
-		r := random.integer_range(0, 255)
-		g := random.integer_range(0, 75)
-		b := random.integer_range(0, 155)
-		render.put_pixel(.(x, y), .(b, g, r, 255))
+		x := random.range(uint, 0, screen.width)
+		y := random.range(uint, 0, screen.height)
+		r := random.range(u8, 0, 255)
+		g := random.range(u8, 0, 75)
+		b := random.range(u8, 0, 155)
+		render.put_pixel(screen, .(x, y), .(b, g, r, 255))
 	}
 	return
 }

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/square.hb

@@ -1,27 +1,31 @@
+.{Vec2} := @use("../../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb").math;
+.{random} := @use("../../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb")
 render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
 
 /* expected result:
-   the white outline of a square bounces around the screen */
+   a square that changes colour bounces around the screen */
 
 example := fn(): void {
-	render.init()
-	vel := render.IVec2.(1, 1)
-	pos := render.IVec2.(100, 100)
-	width := render.width()
-	height := render.height()
+	screen := render.init(true)
+	vel := Vec2(int).(1, 1)
+	side := screen.width / 8
+	pos := Vec2(uint).((screen.width - side) / 2, (screen.height - side) / 2)
+	color := random.any(render.Color)
 	loop {
-		render.put_rect(pos, .(100, 100), render.white)
-		render.sync()
-		render.clear(render.black)
+		render.put_filled_rect(screen, pos, .(side, side), color)
+		render.sync(screen)
+		render.clear(screen, render.black)
 
-		if pos.x == 0 | pos.x == width - 100 {
+		if pos.x == 0 | pos.x == screen.width - side {
 			vel.x = -vel.x
+			color = random.any(render.Color)
 		}
-		if pos.y == 0 | pos.y == height - 100 {
+		if pos.y == 0 | pos.y == screen.height - side {
 			vel.y = -vel.y
+			color = random.any(render.Color)
 		}
 
-		pos += vel
+		pos += @bitcast(vel)
 	}
 	return
 }

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/strobe.hb

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
-
-/* expected result: (EPILEPSY WARNING)
-   the screen rapidly flashes red then black */
-
-example := fn(): void {
-	render.init()
-	loop {
-		render.clear(render.red)
-		render.sync()
-		render.clear(render.yellow)
-		render.sync()
-	}
-	return
-}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/surface.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+.{Vec2} := @use("../../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb").math;
+.{random} := @use("../../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb")
+render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
+
+/* expected result:
+   bouncing gradient square inside coloured bouncing box inside black screen */
+
+example := fn(): void {
+	screen := render.init(true)
+
+	image := render.new_surface(screen.width / 3, screen.height / 3)
+	vel := Vec2(int).(-1, -1)
+	pos := Vec2(uint).(100, 100)
+	side := image.width / 8
+	vel_inner := Vec2(int).(1, 1)
+	pos_inner := Vec2(uint).((image.width - side) / 2, (image.height - side) / 2)
+	color := random.any(render.Color)
+	target_color := random.any(render.Color)
+	loop {
+		render.clear(screen, render.black)
+		render.put_filled_rect(image, pos_inner, .(side, side), color)
+		render.put_rect(image, pos_inner, .(side, side), render.black)
+		render.put_rect(image, .(0, 0), .(image.width - 1, image.height - 1), color)
+
+		render.put_surface(screen, image, pos, false)
+		render.put_rect(image, pos_inner, .(side, side), color)
+		render.sync(screen)
+
+		if pos_inner.x == 0 | pos_inner.x == image.width - side {
+			vel_inner.x = -vel_inner.x
+			target_color = random.any(render.Color)
+		}
+		if pos_inner.y == 0 | pos_inner.y == image.height - side {
+			vel_inner.y = -vel_inner.y
+			target_color = random.any(render.Color)
+		}
+
+		if pos.x == 0 | pos.x == screen.width - image.width {
+			vel.x = -vel.x
+		}
+		if pos.y == 0 | pos.y == screen.height - image.height {
+			vel.y = -vel.y
+		}
+
+		color += .(
+			@bitcast(color.b < target_color.b) - @bitcast(color.b > target_color.b),
+			@bitcast(color.g < target_color.g) - @bitcast(color.g > target_color.g),
+			@bitcast(color.r < target_color.r) - @bitcast(color.r > target_color.r),
+			0,
+		)
+		pos += @bitcast(vel)
+		pos_inner += @bitcast(vel_inner)
+	}
+	return
+}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/svga.hb

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
-
-render.mode = render.svga
-
-example := fn(): void {
-  render.init()
-	return
-}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/tactical_screen.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb");
+.{math, random} := @use("../../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb")
+Vec2 := math.Vec2
+
+/* expected result:
+   a grid of green lines scrolling from the left top corner to the right bottom one
+   with a "target" randomly apperaing in one of them and a "seeker" "catching" it */
+
+example := fn(): void {
+	screen := render.init(true)
+
+	width := screen.width
+	height := screen.height
+	cell_size := 0
+	range := Vec2(uint).(0, 0)
+	if width > height {
+		cell_size = width / 40
+		range = .(39, height / cell_size - 1)
+	} else {
+		cell_size = height / 40
+		range = .(width / cell_size - 1, 39)
+	}
+	width -= 1
+	height -= 1
+
+	scroll := 0
+	target := Vec2(uint).(random.range(uint, 0, range.x), random.range(uint, 0, range.y))
+
+	halfcell := cell_size / 2
+	octcell := cell_size / 8
+	sevenoctcell := cell_size - octcell
+
+	seeker := Vec2(uint).(random.range(uint, 0, range.x), random.range(uint, 0, range.y))
+
+	loop {
+		render.clear(screen, render.black)
+
+		target_pixel_coord := target * .(@bitcast(cell_size), @bitcast(cell_size)) + .(scroll, scroll)
+		render.put_trirect(screen, target_pixel_coord, .(@bitcast(cell_size), @bitcast(cell_size)), render.red, render.light_red)
+
+		render.put_hline(screen, target_pixel_coord.y + halfcell, target_pixel_coord.x - octcell, target_pixel_coord.x - sevenoctcell, render.light_red)
+		render.put_hline(screen, target_pixel_coord.y + halfcell, target_pixel_coord.x + cell_size + octcell, target_pixel_coord.x + cell_size + sevenoctcell, render.light_red)
+		render.put_vline(screen, target_pixel_coord.x + halfcell, target_pixel_coord.y - octcell, target_pixel_coord.y - sevenoctcell, render.light_red)
+		render.put_vline(screen, target_pixel_coord.x + halfcell, target_pixel_coord.y + cell_size + octcell, target_pixel_coord.y + cell_size + sevenoctcell, render.light_red)
+
+		x := scroll
+		loop if x > width break else {
+			render.put_vline(screen, x, 0, height, .(0, 127, 0, 127))
+			x += cell_size
+		}
+
+		y := scroll
+		loop if y > height break else {
+			render.put_hline(screen, y, 0, width, .(0, 127, 0, 127))
+			y += cell_size
+		}
+
+		render.put_hline(screen, seeker.y * cell_size + halfcell + scroll, 0, width, render.blue)
+		render.put_vline(screen, seeker.x * cell_size + halfcell + scroll, 0, height, render.blue)
+
+		render.sync(screen)
+
+		if seeker.x < target.x {
+			seeker.x += 1
+		} else if seeker.x > target.x {
+			seeker.x -= 1
+		} else if seeker.y < target.y {
+			seeker.y += 1
+		} else if seeker.y > target.y {
+			seeker.y -= 1
+		} else {
+			target = .(random.range(uint, 0, range.x), random.range(uint, 0, range.y))
+		}
+
+		scroll += 1
+		if scroll > cell_size {
+			scroll = 0
+			target += .(1, 1)
+			seeker += .(1, 1)
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/examples/text.hb

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+.{Vec2, sin, cos} := @use("../../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb").math
+render := @use("../../../../libraries/render/src/lib.hb")
+
+/* expected result:
+   words */
+
+psf := @embed("../../../../consolefonts/tamsyn/10x20r.psf")
+
+example := fn(): void {
+	screen := render.init(true)
+	font := render.text.font_from_psf2(@bitcast(&psf))
+	t := 0
+	str := "Hello, World!
+This is a test
+of multiline rendering\0"
+	loop {
+		render.clear(screen, render.black)
+		render.put_text(screen, font, .(t, t % screen.height), render.red, str)
+		render.sync(screen)
+		t += 1
+	}
+	return
+}

sysdata/programs/render_example/src/main.hb

@@ -1,6 +1,3 @@
-.{example} := @use("./examples/amogus.hb")
+.{example} := @use("./examples/text.hb")
 
-main := fn(): void {
-	@inline(example)
-	return
-}
+main := example

sysdata/programs/serial_driver/src/main.hb

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 .{memory, buffer} := @use("../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb")
 
 serial_print := fn(ptr: ^u8): void {
-	letter := 0
+	letter := @as(u8, 0)
 	loop if *ptr == 0 break else {
 		letter = *ptr
 		memory.outb(0xF803, letter)
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ main := fn(): int {
 	mem := memory.request_page(1)
 
 	loop {
-		ptr := @eca(4, a, mem, 0x1000)
+		ptr := @as(^u8, @eca(4, a, mem, 0x1000))
 		if ptr == 0 {
 			serial_println("No message\0")
 		}

sysdata/programs/serial_driver_test/src/main.hb

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ log_info := fn(): void {
 	} else {
 		msg := "XABC\0"
 		msg_length := @inline(string.length, msg)
-		@eca(3, a, msg, msg_length)
+		@as(void, @eca(3, a, msg, msg_length))
 	}
 
 	return

sysdata/programs/svga_driver/src/device.hb

@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@ stn := @use("../../../libraries/stn/src/lib.hb");
 .{string, memory, buffer, log} := stn
 
 pci := @use("../../../libraries/pci/src/lib.hb");
-.{PCIAddress, get_ids, config_read32} := pci;
-
-.{dt_get} := @use("../../../libraries/dt_api/src/lib.hb")
+.{PCIAddress, get_ids, config_read32} := pci
 
 reg := @use("./reg.hb")
 

sysdata/programs/tests/src/main.hb

@@ -9,5 +9,11 @@ service_search := fn(): void {
 
 main := fn(): int {
 	//service_search()
+	buf := "\0\0\0\0"
+	x := @as(int, 0)
+	loop if x > 255 break else {
+		log.info(string.display_int(x, buf, 2))
+		x += 1
+	}
 	return 0
 }

sysdata/system_config.toml

@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@
 default_entry = 1
 timeout = 0
 verbose = false
+# interface_resolution = "1920x1080x24"
 interface_resolution = "1024x768x24"
+# interface_resolution = "640x480x24"
 # Terminal related settings
-term_wallpaper = "boot:///background.bmp"
+# term_wallpaper = "boot:///background.bmp"
+term_wallpaper = "boot:///empty-background.bmp"
 term_background = "008080"
 
 [boot.limine.ableos]
@@ -13,22 +16,24 @@ comment = "Default AbleOS boot entry."
 protocol = "limine"
 kernel_path = "boot:///kernel_${ARCH}"
 kernel_cmdline = ""
+# resolution = "1920x1080x24"
 resolution = "1024x768x24"
+# resolution = "640x480x24"
 
 [boot.limine.ableos.modules]
 
 # [boot.limine.ableos.modules.tests]
 # path = "boot:///tests.hbf"
 
-# [boot.limine.ableos.modules.serial_driver]
-# path = "boot:///serial_driver.hbf"
-
 # [boot.limine.ableos.modules.diskio_driver]
 # path = "boot:///diskio_driver.hbf"
 
 [boot.limine.ableos.modules.render_example]
 path = "boot:///render_example.hbf"
 
+# [boot.limine.ableos.modules.serial_driver]
+# path = "boot:///serial_driver.hbf"
+
 # [boot.limine.ableos.modules.serial_driver_test]
 # path = "boot:///serial_driver_test.hbf"
 
@@ -44,8 +49,8 @@ path = "boot:///render_example.hbf"
 # [boot.limine.ableos.modules.svga_driver]
 # path = "boot:///svga_driver.hbf"
 
-[boot.limine.ableos.modules.ps2_driver]
-path = "boot:///ps2_driver.hbf"
+# [boot.limine.ableos.modules.ps2_driver]
+# path = "boot:///ps2_driver.hbf"
 
 # [boot.limine.ableos.modules.filesystem_fat32]
 # path = "boot:///filesystem_fat32.hbf"