forgotten dbgs

Reviewed-on: https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes/pulls/23
Reviewed-by: mlokis <mlokis@email.com>

.cargo/config.toml

@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
 [alias]
 xtask = "r -p xtask --"
+wasm-build = "b --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --profile=small -Zbuild-std=core,alloc -Zbuild-std-features=optimize_for_size,panic_immediate_abort -p"
+wasm-build-debug = "b --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --profile=small-dev -Zbuild-std=core,alloc -Zbuild-std-features=optimize_for_size -p"

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,13 @@
+# garbage
 /target
+rustc-ice-*
+
+# sqlite
+db.sqlite
+db.sqlite-journal
+
+# assets
+/depell/src/*.gz
+/depell/src/*.wasm
+#**/*-sv.rs
+/bytecode/src/instrs.rs

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,3 +1,50 @@
+cargo-features = ["profile-rustflags"]
+
 [workspace]
 resolver = "2"
-members = ["hbasm", "hbbytecode", "hbvm", "hbxrt", "xtask"]
+members = [
+	"bytecode",
+	"vm",
+	"xrt",
+	"xtask",
+	"lang",
+	"depell",
+	"depell/wasm-fmt",
+	"depell/wasm-hbc",
+	"depell/wasm-rt",
+]
+
+[workspace.dependencies]
+hbbytecode = { path = "bytecode", default-features = false }
+hbvm = { path = "vm", default-features = false }
+hbxrt = { path = "xrt" }
+hblang = { path = "lang", default-features = false }
+hbjit = { path = "jit" }
+
+[profile.release]
+lto = true
+#debug = true
+strip = true
+codegen-units = 1
+panic = "abort"
+
+[profile.small]
+rustflags = ["-Zfmt-debug=none", "-Zlocation-detail=none"]
+inherits = "release"
+opt-level = "z"
+strip = "debuginfo"
+lto = true
+codegen-units = 1
+panic = "abort"
+
+[profile.small-dev]
+inherits = "dev"
+opt-level = "z"
+strip = "debuginfo"
+panic = "abort"
+
+[profile.fuzz]
+inherits = "dev"
+debug = true
+opt-level = 3
+panic = "abort"

bytecode/Cargo.toml

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ name = "hbbytecode"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2018"
 
-[dependencies]
-paste = "1.0.14"
-with_builtin_macros = "0.0.3"
+[features]
+default = ["disasm"]
+std = []
+disasm = ["std"]
+

bytecode/build.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,204 @@
+#![feature(iter_next_chunk)]
+
+use std::{collections::HashSet, fmt::Write};
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=instructions.in");
+
+    let mut generated = String::new();
+    gen_instrs(&mut generated)?;
+    std::fs::write("src/instrs.rs", generated)?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn gen_instrs(generated: &mut String) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
+    writeln!(generated, "#![expect(dead_code)]")?;
+    writeln!(generated, "use crate::*;")?;
+
+    '_opcode_structs: {
+        let mut seen = HashSet::new();
+        for [.., args, _] in instructions() {
+            if !seen.insert(args) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            writeln!(generated, "#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]")?;
+            writeln!(generated, "#[repr(packed)]")?;
+            write!(generated, "pub struct Ops{args}(")?;
+            let mut first = true;
+            for ch in args.chars().filter(|&ch| ch != 'N') {
+                if !std::mem::take(&mut first) {
+                    write!(generated, ",")?;
+                }
+                write!(generated, "pub Op{ch}")?;
+            }
+            writeln!(generated, ");")?;
+            writeln!(generated, "unsafe impl BytecodeItem for Ops{args} {{}}")?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    '_max_size: {
+        let max = instructions()
+            .map(
+                |[_, _, ty, _]| {
+                    if ty == "N" {
+                        1
+                    } else {
+                        iter_args(ty).map(arg_to_width).sum::<usize>() + 1
+                    }
+                },
+            )
+            .max()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        writeln!(generated, "pub const MAX_SIZE: usize = {max};")?;
+    }
+
+    '_encoders: {
+        for [op, name, ty, doc] in instructions() {
+            writeln!(generated, "/// {}", doc.trim_matches('"'))?;
+            let name = name.to_lowercase();
+            let args = comma_sep(
+                iter_args(ty)
+                    .enumerate()
+                    .map(|(i, c)| format!("{}{i}: {}", arg_to_name(c), arg_to_type(c))),
+            );
+            writeln!(generated, "pub fn {name}({args}) -> (usize, [u8; MAX_SIZE]) {{")?;
+            let arg_names =
+                comma_sep(iter_args(ty).enumerate().map(|(i, c)| format!("{}{i}", arg_to_name(c))));
+            writeln!(generated, "    unsafe {{ crate::encode({ty}({op}, {arg_names})) }}")?;
+            writeln!(generated, "}}")?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    '_structs: {
+        let mut seen = std::collections::HashSet::new();
+        for [_, _, ty, _] in instructions() {
+            if !seen.insert(ty) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let types = comma_sep(iter_args(ty).map(arg_to_type).map(|s| s.to_string()));
+            writeln!(generated, "#[repr(packed)] pub struct {ty}(u8, {types});")?;
+        }
+    }
+
+    '_name_list: {
+        writeln!(generated, "pub const COUNT: u8 = {};", instructions().count())?;
+    }
+
+    let instr = "Instr";
+    let oper = "Oper";
+
+    '_instr_enum: {
+        writeln!(generated, "#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)] #[repr(u8)]")?;
+        writeln!(generated, "pub enum {instr} {{")?;
+        for [id, name, ..] in instructions() {
+            writeln!(generated, "    {name} = {id},")?;
+        }
+        writeln!(generated, "}}")?;
+    }
+
+    '_arg_kind: {
+        writeln!(generated, "#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]")?;
+        writeln!(generated, "pub enum {oper} {{")?;
+        let mut seen = HashSet::new();
+        for ty in instructions().flat_map(|[.., ty, _]| iter_args(ty)) {
+            if !seen.insert(ty) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            writeln!(generated, "    {ty}({}),", arg_to_type(ty))?;
+        }
+        writeln!(generated, "}}")?;
+    }
+
+    '_parse_opers: {
+        writeln!(
+            generated,
+            "/// This assumes the instruction byte is still at the beginning of the buffer"
+        )?;
+        writeln!(generated, "#[cfg(feature = \"disasm\")]")?;
+        writeln!(generated, "pub fn parse_args(bytes: &mut &[u8], kind: {instr}, buf: &mut alloc::vec::Vec<{oper}>) -> Option<()> {{")?;
+        writeln!(generated, "    match kind {{")?;
+        let mut instrs = instructions().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        instrs.sort_unstable_by_key(|&[.., ty, _]| ty);
+        for group in instrs.chunk_by(|[.., a, _], [.., b, _]| a == b) {
+            let ty = group[0][2];
+            for &[_, name, ..] in group {
+                writeln!(generated, "        | {instr}::{name}")?;
+            }
+            generated.pop();
+            writeln!(generated, " => {{")?;
+            if iter_args(ty).count() != 0 {
+                writeln!(generated, "            let data = crate::decode::<{ty}>(bytes)?;")?;
+                writeln!(
+                    generated,
+                    "            buf.extend([{}]);",
+                    comma_sep(
+                        iter_args(ty).zip(1u32..).map(|(t, i)| format!("{oper}::{t}(data.{i})"))
+                    )
+                )?;
+            } else {
+                writeln!(generated, "            crate::decode::<{ty}>(bytes)?;")?;
+            }
+
+            writeln!(generated, "        }}")?;
+        }
+        writeln!(generated, "    }}")?;
+        writeln!(generated, "    Some(())")?;
+        writeln!(generated, "}}")?;
+    }
+
+    std::fs::write("src/instrs.rs", generated)?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn comma_sep(items: impl Iterator<Item = String>) -> String {
+    items.map(|item| item.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(", ")
+}
+
+fn instructions() -> impl Iterator<Item = [&'static str; 4]> {
+    include_str!("instructions.in")
+        .lines()
+        .filter_map(|line| line.strip_suffix(';'))
+        .map(|line| line.splitn(4, ',').map(str::trim).next_chunk().unwrap())
+}
+
+fn arg_to_type(arg: char) -> &'static str {
+    match arg {
+        'R' | 'B' => "u8",
+        'H' => "u16",
+        'W' => "u32",
+        'D' | 'A' => "u64",
+        'P' => "i16",
+        'O' => "i32",
+        _ => panic!("unknown type: {}", arg),
+    }
+}
+
+fn arg_to_width(arg: char) -> usize {
+    match arg {
+        'R' | 'B' => 1,
+        'H' => 2,
+        'W' => 4,
+        'D' | 'A' => 8,
+        'P' => 2,
+        'O' => 4,
+        _ => panic!("unknown type: {}", arg),
+    }
+}
+
+fn arg_to_name(arg: char) -> &'static str {
+    match arg {
+        'R' => "reg",
+        'B' | 'H' | 'W' | 'D' => "imm",
+        'P' | 'O' => "offset",
+        'A' => "addr",
+        _ => panic!("unknown type: {}", arg),
+    }
+}
+
+fn iter_args(ty: &'static str) -> impl Iterator<Item = char> {
+    ty.chars().filter(|c| *c != 'N')
+}

bytecode/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+#![no_std]
+
+#[cfg(feature = "disasm")]
+extern crate alloc;
+
+pub use crate::instrs::*;
+use core::convert::TryFrom;
+
+mod instrs;
+
+type OpR = u8;
+
+type OpA = u64;
+type OpO = i32;
+type OpP = i16;
+
+type OpB = u8;
+type OpH = u16;
+type OpW = u32;
+type OpD = u64;
+
+/// # Safety
+/// Has to be valid to be decoded from bytecode.
+pub unsafe trait BytecodeItem {}
+unsafe impl BytecodeItem for u8 {}
+
+impl TryFrom<u8> for Instr {
+    type Error = u8;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn try_from(value: u8) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        #[cold]
+        fn failed(value: u8) -> Result<Instr, u8> {
+            Err(value)
+        }
+
+        if value < COUNT {
+            unsafe { Ok(core::mem::transmute::<u8, Instr>(value)) }
+        } else {
+            failed(value)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[inline]
+unsafe fn encode<T>(instr: T) -> (usize, [u8; instrs::MAX_SIZE]) {
+    let mut buf = [0; instrs::MAX_SIZE];
+    core::ptr::write(buf.as_mut_ptr() as *mut T, instr);
+    (core::mem::size_of::<T>(), buf)
+}
+
+#[inline]
+#[cfg(feature = "disasm")]
+fn decode<T>(binary: &mut &[u8]) -> Option<T> {
+    let (front, rest) = core::mem::take(binary).split_at_checked(core::mem::size_of::<T>())?;
+    *binary = rest;
+    unsafe { Some(core::ptr::read(front.as_ptr() as *const T)) }
+}
+
+/// Rounding mode
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum RoundingMode {
+    NearestEven = 0,
+    Truncate = 1,
+    Up = 2,
+    Down = 3,
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<u8> for RoundingMode {
+    type Error = ();
+
+    fn try_from(value: u8) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        (value <= 3).then(|| unsafe { core::mem::transmute(value) }).ok_or(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "disasm")]
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+pub enum DisasmItem {
+    Func,
+    Global,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "disasm")]
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub enum DisasmError<'a> {
+    InvalidInstruction(u8),
+    InstructionOutOfBounds(&'a str),
+    FmtFailed(core::fmt::Error),
+    HasOutOfBoundsJumps,
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "disasm")]
+impl From<core::fmt::Error> for DisasmError<'_> {
+    fn from(value: core::fmt::Error) -> Self {
+        Self::FmtFailed(value)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "disasm")]
+impl core::fmt::Display for DisasmError<'_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        match *self {
+            DisasmError::InvalidInstruction(b) => write!(f, "invalid instruction opcode: {b}"),
+            DisasmError::InstructionOutOfBounds(name) => {
+                write!(f, "instruction would go out of bounds of {name} symbol")
+            }
+            DisasmError::FmtFailed(error) => write!(f, "fmt failed: {error}"),
+            DisasmError::HasOutOfBoundsJumps => write!(
+                f,
+                "the code contained jumps that dont got neither to a \
+                valid symbol or local insturction"
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "disasm")]
+impl core::error::Error for DisasmError<'_> {}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "disasm")]
+pub fn disasm<'a>(
+    binary: &mut &[u8],
+    functions: &alloc::collections::BTreeMap<u32, (&'a str, u32, DisasmItem)>,
+    out: &mut alloc::string::String,
+    mut eca_handler: impl FnMut(&mut &[u8]),
+) -> Result<(), DisasmError<'a>> {
+    use {
+        self::instrs::Instr,
+        alloc::{
+            collections::btree_map::{BTreeMap, Entry},
+            vec::Vec,
+        },
+        core::{convert::TryInto, fmt::Write},
+    };
+
+    fn instr_from_byte(b: u8) -> Result<Instr, DisasmError<'static>> {
+        b.try_into().map_err(DisasmError::InvalidInstruction)
+    }
+
+    let mut labels = BTreeMap::<u32, u32>::default();
+    let mut buf = Vec::<instrs::Oper>::new();
+    let mut has_oob = false;
+
+    '_offset_pass: for (&off, &(name, len, kind)) in functions.iter() {
+        if matches!(kind, DisasmItem::Global) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        let prev = *binary;
+
+        *binary = &binary[off as usize..];
+
+        let mut label_count = 0;
+        while let Some(&byte) = binary.first() {
+            let offset: i32 = (prev.len() - binary.len()).try_into().unwrap();
+            if offset as u32 == off + len {
+                break;
+            }
+            let Ok(inst) = instr_from_byte(byte) else { break };
+            instrs::parse_args(binary, inst, &mut buf)
+                .ok_or(DisasmError::InstructionOutOfBounds(name))?;
+
+            for op in buf.drain(..) {
+                let rel = match op {
+                    instrs::Oper::O(rel) => rel,
+                    instrs::Oper::P(rel) => rel.into(),
+                    _ => continue,
+                };
+
+                let global_offset: u32 = (offset + rel).try_into().unwrap();
+                if functions.get(&global_offset).is_some() {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                label_count += match labels.entry(global_offset) {
+                    Entry::Occupied(_) => 0,
+                    Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                        entry.insert(label_count);
+                        1
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if matches!(inst, Instr::ECA) {
+                eca_handler(binary);
+            }
+        }
+
+        *binary = prev;
+    }
+
+    let mut ordered = functions.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    ordered.sort_unstable_by_key(|(_, (name, _, _))| name);
+
+    '_dump: for (&off, &(name, len, kind)) in ordered {
+        if matches!(kind, DisasmItem::Global) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let prev = *binary;
+
+        writeln!(out, "{name}:")?;
+
+        *binary = &binary[off as usize..];
+        while let Some(&byte) = binary.first() {
+            let offset: i32 = (prev.len() - binary.len()).try_into().unwrap();
+            if offset as u32 == off + len {
+                break;
+            }
+            let Ok(inst) = instr_from_byte(byte) else {
+                writeln!(out, "invalid instr {byte}")?;
+                break;
+            };
+            instrs::parse_args(binary, inst, &mut buf).unwrap();
+
+            if let Some(label) = labels.get(&offset.try_into().unwrap()) {
+                write!(out, "{:>2}: ", label)?;
+            } else {
+                write!(out, "    ")?;
+            }
+
+            write!(out, "{inst:<8?} ")?;
+
+            'a: for (i, op) in buf.drain(..).enumerate() {
+                if i != 0 {
+                    write!(out, ", ")?;
+                }
+
+                let rel = 'b: {
+                    match op {
+                        instrs::Oper::O(rel) => break 'b rel,
+                        instrs::Oper::P(rel) => break 'b rel.into(),
+                        instrs::Oper::R(r) => write!(out, "r{r}")?,
+                        instrs::Oper::B(b) => write!(out, "{b}b")?,
+                        instrs::Oper::H(h) => write!(out, "{h}h")?,
+                        instrs::Oper::W(w) => write!(out, "{w}w")?,
+                        instrs::Oper::D(d) if (d as i64) < 0 => write!(out, "{}d", d as i64)?,
+                        instrs::Oper::D(d) => write!(out, "{d}d")?,
+                        instrs::Oper::A(a) => write!(out, "{a}a")?,
+                    }
+
+                    continue 'a;
+                };
+
+                let global_offset: u32 = (offset + rel).try_into().unwrap();
+                if let Some(&(name, ..)) = functions.get(&global_offset) {
+                    if name.contains('\0') {
+                        write!(out, ":{name:?}")?;
+                    } else {
+                        write!(out, ":{name}")?;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    let local_has_oob = global_offset < off
+                        || global_offset > off + len
+                        || prev
+                            .get(global_offset as usize)
+                            .map_or(true, |&b| instr_from_byte(b).is_err())
+                        || prev[global_offset as usize] == 0;
+                    has_oob |= local_has_oob;
+                    let label = labels.get(&global_offset).unwrap();
+                    if local_has_oob {
+                        write!(out, "!!!!!!!!!{rel}")?;
+                    } else {
+                        write!(out, ":{label}")?;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            writeln!(out)?;
+
+            if matches!(inst, Instr::ECA) {
+                eca_handler(binary);
+            }
+        }
+
+        *binary = prev;
+    }
+
+    if has_oob {
+        return Err(DisasmError::HasOutOfBoundsJumps);
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}

depell/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+[package]
+name = "depell"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+argon2 = "0.5.3"
+axum = "0.7.7"
+axum-server = { version = "0.7.1", optional = true, features = ["rustls", "tls-rustls"] }
+const_format = "0.2.33"
+getrandom = "0.2.15"
+hblang.workspace = true
+htmlm = "0.5.0"
+log = "0.4.22"
+rand_core = { version = "0.6.4", features = ["getrandom"] }
+rusqlite = { version = "0.32.1", features = ["bundled"] }
+serde = { version = "1.0.210", features = ["derive"] }
+time = "0.3.36"
+tokio = { version = "1.40.0", features = ["rt"] }
+
+[features]
+#default = ["tls"]
+tls = ["dep:axum-server"]

depell/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Depell
+
+Depell is a website that allows users to import/post/run hblang code and create huge dependency graphs. Its currently hosted at https://depell.mlokis.tech.
+
+## Local Development
+
+Prerequirements:
+- rust nigthly toolchain: install rust from [here](https://www.rust-lang.org/tools/install)
+
+```bash
+rustup default nightly
+cargo xtask watch-depell-debug
+# browser http://localhost:8080
+```

depell/src/index.css

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+* {
+	font-family: var(--font);
+}
+
+body {
+	--primary: white;
+	--secondary: #EFEFEF;
+	--timestamp: #777777;
+	--error: #ff3333;
+	--placeholder: #333333;
+}
+
+
+body {
+	--small-gap: 5px;
+	--font: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, 'Open Sans', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif;
+	--monospace: 'Courier New', Courier, monospace;
+
+	nav {
+		display: flex;
+		justify-content: space-between;
+		align-items: center;
+
+		section:last-child {
+			display: flex;
+			gap: var(--small-gap);
+		}
+	}
+
+	main {
+		margin-top: var(--small-gap);
+		display: flex;
+		flex-direction: column;
+		gap: var(--small-gap);
+	}
+}
+
+div.preview {
+	div.info {
+		display: flex;
+		gap: var(--small-gap);
+
+		span[apply=timestamp] {
+			color: var(--timestamp);
+		}
+	}
+
+	div.stats {
+		display: flex;
+		gap: var(--small-gap);
+	}
+}
+
+form {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-direction: column;
+	gap: var(--small-gap);
+
+
+	.error {
+		color: var(--error);
+		text-align: center;
+	}
+
+}
+
+textarea {
+	outline: none;
+	border: none;
+	background: var(--secondary);
+	padding: var(--small-gap);
+	padding-top: calc(var(--small-gap) * 1.5);
+	font-family: var(--monospace);
+	resize: none;
+	tab-size: 4;
+}
+
+pre {
+	background: var(--secondary);
+	padding: var(--small-gap);
+	padding-top: calc(var(--small-gap) * 1.5);
+	margin: 0px;
+	font-family: var(--monospace);
+	tab-size: 4;
+	overflow-x: auto;
+}
+
+input {
+	font-size: inherit;
+	outline: none;
+	border: none;
+	background: var(--secondary);
+	padding: var(--small-gap);
+}
+
+input:is(:hover, :focus) {
+	background: var(--primary);
+}
+
+button {
+	border: none;
+	outline: none;
+	font-size: inherit;
+	background: var(--secondary);
+}
+
+button:hover:not(:active) {
+	background: var(--primary);
+}
+
+div#code-editor {
+	display: flex;
+	position: relative;
+
+	textarea {
+		flex: 1;
+	}
+
+	span#code-size {
+		position: absolute;
+		right: 2px;
+		font-size: 12px;
+	}
+}
+
+div#dep-list {
+	display: flex;
+	flex-direction: column;
+	align-items: center;
+	gap: var(--small-gap);
+
+	section {
+		width: 100%;
+		display: flex;
+		flex-direction: column;
+		text-align: center;
+		gap: var(--small-gap);
+
+		div {
+			text-align: left;
+		}
+	}
+}

depell/src/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,427 @@
+/// @ts-check
+
+/** @return {never} */
+function never() { throw new Error() }
+
+/**@type{WebAssembly.Instance}*/ let hbcInstance;
+/**@type{Promise<WebAssembly.WebAssemblyInstantiatedSource>}*/ let hbcInstaceFuture;
+async function getHbcInstance() {
+	hbcInstaceFuture ??= WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(fetch("/hbc.wasm"), {});
+	return hbcInstance ??= (await hbcInstaceFuture).instance;
+}
+
+const stack_pointer_offset = 1 << 20;
+
+/** @param {WebAssembly.Instance} instance @param {Post[]} packages @param {number} fuel
+ * @returns {string} */
+function compileCode(instance, packages, fuel) {
+	let {
+		INPUT, INPUT_LEN,
+		LOG_MESSAGES, LOG_MESSAGES_LEN,
+		memory, compile_and_run,
+	} = instance.exports;
+
+	if (!(true
+		&& memory instanceof WebAssembly.Memory
+		&& INPUT instanceof WebAssembly.Global
+		&& INPUT_LEN instanceof WebAssembly.Global
+		&& LOG_MESSAGES instanceof WebAssembly.Global
+		&& LOG_MESSAGES_LEN instanceof WebAssembly.Global
+		&& typeof compile_and_run === "function"
+	)) never();
+
+	const codeLength = packPosts(packages, new DataView(memory.buffer, INPUT.value));
+	new DataView(memory.buffer).setUint32(INPUT_LEN.value, codeLength, true);
+
+	runWasmFunction(instance, compile_and_run, fuel);
+	return bufToString(memory, LOG_MESSAGES, LOG_MESSAGES_LEN);
+}
+
+/**@type{WebAssembly.Instance}*/ let fmtInstance;
+/**@type{Promise<WebAssembly.WebAssemblyInstantiatedSource>}*/ let fmtInstaceFuture;
+async function getFmtInstance() {
+	fmtInstaceFuture ??= WebAssembly.instantiateStreaming(fetch("/hbfmt.wasm"), {});
+	return fmtInstance ??= (await fmtInstaceFuture).instance;
+}
+
+/** @param {WebAssembly.Instance} instance @param {string} code @param {"fmt" | "minify"} action
+ * @returns {string | undefined} */
+function modifyCode(instance, code, action) {
+	let {
+		INPUT, INPUT_LEN,
+		OUTPUT, OUTPUT_LEN,
+		memory, fmt, minify
+	} = instance.exports;
+
+	if (!(true
+		&& memory instanceof WebAssembly.Memory
+		&& INPUT instanceof WebAssembly.Global
+		&& INPUT_LEN instanceof WebAssembly.Global
+		&& OUTPUT instanceof WebAssembly.Global
+		&& OUTPUT_LEN instanceof WebAssembly.Global
+		&& typeof fmt === "function"
+		&& typeof minify === "function"
+	)) never();
+
+	if (action !== "fmt") {
+		INPUT = OUTPUT;
+		INPUT_LEN = OUTPUT_LEN;
+	}
+
+	let dw = new DataView(memory.buffer);
+	dw.setUint32(INPUT_LEN.value, code.length, true);
+	new Uint8Array(memory.buffer, INPUT.value).set(new TextEncoder().encode(code));
+
+	return runWasmFunction(instance, action === "fmt" ? fmt : minify) ?
+		bufToString(memory, OUTPUT, OUTPUT_LEN) : undefined;
+}
+
+
+/** @param {WebAssembly.Instance} instance @param {CallableFunction} func @param {any[]} args
+ * @returns {boolean} */
+function runWasmFunction(instance, func, ...args) {
+	const { PANIC_MESSAGE, PANIC_MESSAGE_LEN, memory, stack_pointer } = instance.exports;
+	if (!(true
+		&& memory instanceof WebAssembly.Memory
+		&& stack_pointer instanceof WebAssembly.Global
+	)) never();
+	const ptr = stack_pointer.value;
+	try {
+		func(...args);
+		return true;
+	} catch (error) {
+		if (error instanceof WebAssembly.RuntimeError
+			&& error.message == "unreachable"
+			&& PANIC_MESSAGE instanceof WebAssembly.Global
+			&& PANIC_MESSAGE_LEN instanceof WebAssembly.Global) {
+			console.error(bufToString(memory, PANIC_MESSAGE, PANIC_MESSAGE_LEN), error);
+		} else {
+			console.error(error);
+		}
+		stack_pointer.value = ptr;
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+/** @typedef {Object} Post
+ * @property {string} path 
+ * @property {string} code */
+
+/** @param {Post[]} posts @param {DataView} view  @returns {number} */
+function packPosts(posts, view) {
+	const enc = new TextEncoder(), buf = new Uint8Array(view.buffer, view.byteOffset);
+	let len = 0; for (const post of posts) {
+		view.setUint16(len, post.path.length, true); len += 2;
+		buf.set(enc.encode(post.path), len); len += post.path.length;
+		view.setUint16(len, post.code.length, true); len += 2;
+		buf.set(enc.encode(post.code), len); len += post.code.length;
+	}
+	return len;
+}
+
+/** @param {WebAssembly.Memory} mem
+ * @param {WebAssembly.Global} ptr
+ * @param {WebAssembly.Global} len
+ * @return {string} */
+function bufToString(mem, ptr, len) {
+	const res = new TextDecoder()
+		.decode(new Uint8Array(mem.buffer, ptr.value,
+			new DataView(mem.buffer).getUint32(len.value, true)));
+	new DataView(mem.buffer).setUint32(len.value, 0, true);
+	return res;
+}
+
+/** @param {HTMLElement} target */
+function wireUp(target) {
+	execApply(target);
+	cacheInputs(target);
+	bindCodeEdit(target);
+	bindTextareaAutoResize(target);
+}
+
+const importRe = /@use\s*\(\s*"(([^"]|\\")+)"\s*\)/g;
+
+/** @param {string} code
+ * @param {string[]} roots
+ * @param {Post[]} buf
+ * @param {Set<string>} prevRoots
+ * @returns {void} */
+function loadCachedPackages(code, roots, buf, prevRoots) {
+	buf[0].code = code;
+
+	roots.length = 0;
+	let changed = false;
+	for (const match of code.matchAll(importRe)) {
+		changed ||= !prevRoots.has(match[1]);
+		roots.push(match[1]);
+	}
+
+	if (!changed) return;
+	buf.length = 1;
+	prevRoots.clear();
+
+	for (let imp = roots.pop(); imp !== undefined; imp = roots.pop()) {
+		if (prevRoots.has(imp)) continue; prevRoots.add(imp);
+		buf.push({ path: imp, code: localStorage.getItem("package-" + imp) ?? never() });
+		for (const match of buf[buf.length - 1].code.matchAll(importRe)) {
+			roots.push(match[1]);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/**@type{Set<string>}*/ const prevRoots = new Set();
+
+/** @param {HTMLElement} target */
+async function bindCodeEdit(target) {
+	const edit = target.querySelector("#code-edit");
+	if (!(edit instanceof HTMLTextAreaElement)) return;
+
+	const codeSize = target.querySelector("#code-size");
+	const errors = target.querySelector("#compiler-output");
+	if (!(true
+		&& codeSize instanceof HTMLSpanElement
+		&& errors instanceof HTMLPreElement
+	)) never();
+
+	const MAX_CODE_SIZE = parseInt(codeSize.innerHTML);
+	if (Number.isNaN(MAX_CODE_SIZE)) never();
+
+	const hbc = await getHbcInstance(), fmt = await getFmtInstance();
+	let importDiff = new Set();
+	const keyBuf = [];
+	/**@type{Post[]}*/
+	const packages = [{ path: "local.hb", code: "" }];
+	const debounce = 100;
+	/**@type{AbortController|undefined}*/
+	let cancelation = undefined;
+	let timeout = 0;
+
+	prevRoots.clear();
+
+	const onInput = () => {
+		importDiff.clear();
+		for (const match of edit.value.matchAll(importRe)) {
+			if (localStorage["package-" + match[1]]) continue;
+			importDiff.add(match[1]);
+		}
+
+		if (importDiff.size !== 0) {
+			if (cancelation) cancelation.abort();
+			cancelation = new AbortController();
+
+			keyBuf.length = 0;
+			keyBuf.push(...importDiff.keys());
+
+			errors.textContent = "fetching: " + keyBuf.join(", ");
+
+			fetch(`/code`, {
+				method: "POST",
+				signal: cancelation.signal,
+				headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },
+				body: JSON.stringify(keyBuf),
+			}).then(async e => {
+				try {
+					const json = await e.json();
+					if (e.status == 200) {
+						for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(json)) {
+							localStorage["package-" + key] = value;
+						}
+						const missing = keyBuf.filter(i => json[i] === undefined);
+						if (missing.length !== 0) {
+							errors.textContent = "deps not found: " + missing.join(", ");
+						} else {
+							cancelation = undefined;
+							edit.dispatchEvent(new InputEvent("input"));
+						}
+					}
+				} catch (er) {
+					errors.textContent = "completely failed to fetch ("
+						+ e.status + "): " + keyBuf.join(", ");
+					console.error(e, er);
+				}
+			});
+		}
+
+		if (cancelation && importDiff.size !== 0) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		loadCachedPackages(edit.value, keyBuf, packages, prevRoots);
+
+		errors.textContent = compileCode(hbc, packages, 1);
+		const minified_size = modifyCode(fmt, edit.value, "minify")?.length;
+		if (minified_size) {
+			codeSize.textContent = (MAX_CODE_SIZE - minified_size) + "";
+			const perc = Math.min(100, Math.floor(100 * (minified_size / MAX_CODE_SIZE)));
+			codeSize.style.color = `color-mix(in srgb, white, var(--error) ${perc}%)`;
+		}
+		timeout = 0;
+	};
+
+	edit.addEventListener("input", () => {
+		if (timeout) clearTimeout(timeout);
+		timeout = setTimeout(onInput, debounce)
+	});
+	edit.dispatchEvent(new InputEvent("input"));
+}
+
+/** @type {{ [key: string]: (content: string) => Promise<string> | string }} */
+const applyFns = {
+	timestamp: (content) => new Date(parseInt(content) * 1000).toLocaleString(),
+	fmt: (content) => getFmtInstance().then(i => modifyCode(i, content, "fmt") ?? "invalid code"),
+};
+/** @param {HTMLElement} target */
+function execApply(target) {
+	for (const elem of target.querySelectorAll('[apply]')) {
+		if (!(elem instanceof HTMLElement)) continue;
+		const funcname = elem.getAttribute('apply') ?? never();
+		let res = applyFns[funcname](elem.textContent ?? "");
+		if (res instanceof Promise) res.then(c => elem.textContent = c);
+		else elem.textContent = res;
+	}
+}
+
+/** @param {HTMLElement} target */
+function bindTextareaAutoResize(target) {
+	for (const textarea of target.querySelectorAll("textarea")) {
+		if (!(textarea instanceof HTMLTextAreaElement)) never();
+
+		const taCssMap = window.getComputedStyle(textarea);
+		const padding = parseInt(taCssMap.getPropertyValue('padding-top') ?? "0")
+			+ parseInt(taCssMap.getPropertyValue('padding-top') ?? "0");
+		textarea.style.height = "auto";
+		textarea.style.height = (textarea.scrollHeight - padding) + "px";
+		textarea.style.overflowY = "hidden";
+		textarea.addEventListener("input", function() {
+			let top = window.scrollY;
+			textarea.style.height = "auto";
+			textarea.style.height = (textarea.scrollHeight - padding) + "px";
+			window.scrollTo({ top });
+		});
+
+		textarea.onkeydown = (ev) => {
+			if (ev.key === "Tab") {
+				ev.preventDefault();
+				document.execCommand('insertText', false, "\t");
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/** @param {HTMLElement} target */
+function cacheInputs(target) {
+	/**@type {HTMLFormElement}*/ let form;
+	for (form of target.querySelectorAll('form')) {
+		const path = form.getAttribute('hx-post') || form.getAttribute('hx-delete');
+		if (!path) {
+			console.warn('form does not have a hx-post or hx-delete attribute', form);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		for (const input of form.elements) {
+			if (input instanceof HTMLInputElement || input instanceof HTMLTextAreaElement) {
+				if ('password submit button'.includes(input.type)) continue;
+				const key = path + input.name;
+				input.value = localStorage.getItem(key) ?? '';
+				input.addEventListener("input", () => localStorage.setItem(key, input.value));
+			} else {
+				console.warn("unhandled form element: ", input);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/** @param {string} [path]  */
+function updaetTab(path) {
+	for (const elem of document.querySelectorAll("button[hx-push-url]")) {
+		if (elem instanceof HTMLButtonElement)
+			elem.disabled = elem.getAttribute("hx-push-url") === (path ?? window.location.pathname);
+	}
+}
+
+if (window.location.hostname === 'localhost') {
+	let id; setInterval(async () => {
+		let new_id = await fetch('/hot-reload').then(reps => reps.text());
+		id ??= new_id;
+		if (id !== new_id) window.location.reload();
+	}, 300);
+
+	(async function test() {
+		{
+			const code = "main:=fn():void{return}";
+			const inst = await getFmtInstance()
+			const fmtd = modifyCode(inst, code, "fmt") ?? never();
+			const prev = modifyCode(inst, fmtd, "minify") ?? never();
+			if (code != prev) console.error(code, prev);
+		}
+		{
+			const posts = [{
+				path: "foo.hb",
+				code: "main:=fn():int{return 42}",
+			}];
+			const res = compileCode(await getHbcInstance(), posts, 1) ?? never();
+			const expected = "exit code: 42\n";
+			if (expected != res) console.error(expected, res);
+		}
+	})()
+}
+
+document.body.addEventListener('htmx:afterSwap', (ev) => {
+	if (!(ev.target instanceof HTMLElement)) never();
+	wireUp(ev.target);
+	if (ev.target.tagName == "MAIN" || ev.target.tagName == "BODY")
+		updaetTab(ev['detail'].pathInfo.finalRequestPath);
+	console.log(ev);
+});
+
+getFmtInstance().then(inst => {
+	document.body.addEventListener('htmx:configRequest', (ev) => {
+		const details = ev['detail'];
+		if (details.path === "/post" && details.verb === "post") {
+			details.parameters['code'] = modifyCode(inst, details.parameters['code'], "minify");
+		}
+	});
+
+	/** @param {string} query @param {string} target @returns {number} */
+	function fuzzyCost(query, target) {
+		let qi = 0, bi = 0, cost = 0, matched = false;
+		while (qi < query.length) {
+			if (query.charAt(qi) === target.charAt(bi++)) {
+				matched = true;
+				qi++;
+			} else {
+				cost++;
+			}
+			if (bi === target.length) (bi = 0, qi++);
+		}
+		return cost + (matched ? 0 : 100 * target.length);
+	}
+
+	let deps = undefined;
+	/** @param {HTMLInputElement} input @returns {void} */
+	function filterCodeDeps(input) {
+		deps ??= document.getElementById("deps");
+		if (!(deps instanceof HTMLElement)) never();
+		if (input.value === "") {
+			deps.textContent = "results show here...";
+			return;
+		}
+		deps.innerHTML = "";
+		for (const root of [...prevRoots.keys()]
+			.sort((a, b) => fuzzyCost(input.value, a) - fuzzyCost(input.value, b))) {
+			const pane = document.createElement("div");
+			const code = modifyCode(inst, localStorage["package-" + root], "fmt");
+			pane.innerHTML = `<div>${root}</div><pre>${code}</pre>`;
+			deps.appendChild(pane);
+		}
+		if (deps.innerHTML === "") {
+			deps.textContent = "no results";
+		}
+	}
+
+	Object.assign(window, { filterCodeDeps });
+});
+
+updaetTab();
+wireUp(document.body);
+

depell/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,813 @@
+#![feature(iter_collect_into)]
+use {
+    argon2::{password_hash::SaltString, PasswordVerifier},
+    axum::{
+        body::Bytes,
+        extract::Path,
+        http::{header::COOKIE, request::Parts},
+        response::{AppendHeaders, Html},
+    },
+    const_format::formatcp,
+    core::fmt,
+    htmlm::{html, write_html},
+    rand_core::OsRng,
+    serde::{Deserialize, Serialize},
+    std::{
+        collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
+        fmt::{Display, Write},
+        net::Ipv4Addr,
+    },
+};
+
+const MAX_NAME_LENGTH: usize = 32;
+const MAX_POSTNAME_LENGTH: usize = 64;
+const MAX_CODE_LENGTH: usize = 1024 * 4;
+const SESSION_DURATION_SECS: u64 = 60 * 60;
+const MAX_FEED_SIZE: usize = 8 * 1024;
+
+type Redirect<const COUNT: usize = 1> = AppendHeaders<[(&'static str, &'static str); COUNT]>;
+
+macro_rules! static_asset {
+    ($mime:literal, $body:literal) => {
+        get(|| async {
+            axum::http::Response::builder()
+                .header("content-type", $mime)
+                .header("content-encoding", "gzip")
+                .body(axum::body::Body::from(Bytes::from_static(include_bytes!(concat!(
+                    $body, ".gz"
+                )))))
+                .unwrap()
+        })
+    };
+}
+
+async fn amain() {
+    use axum::routing::{delete, get, post};
+
+    let debug = cfg!(debug_assertions);
+
+    log::set_logger(&Logger).unwrap();
+    log::set_max_level(if debug { log::LevelFilter::Warn } else { log::LevelFilter::Error });
+
+    db::init();
+
+    let router = axum::Router::new()
+        .route("/", get(Index::page))
+        .route("/index.css", static_asset!("text/css", "index.css"))
+        .route("/index.js", static_asset!("text/javascript", "index.js"))
+        .route("/hbfmt.wasm", static_asset!("application/wasm", "hbfmt.wasm"))
+        .route("/hbc.wasm", static_asset!("application/wasm", "hbc.wasm"))
+        .route("/index-view", get(Index::get))
+        .route("/feed", get(Feed::page))
+        .route("/feed-view", get(Feed::get))
+        .route("/feed-more", post(Feed::more))
+        .route("/profile", get(Profile::page))
+        .route("/profile-view", get(Profile::get))
+        .route("/profile/:name", get(Profile::get_other_page))
+        .route("/profile-view/:name", get(Profile::get_other))
+        .route("/post", get(Post::page))
+        .route("/post-view", get(Post::get))
+        .route("/post", post(Post::post))
+        .route("/code", post(fetch_code))
+        .route("/login", get(Login::page))
+        .route("/login-view", get(Login::get))
+        .route("/login", post(Login::post))
+        .route("/login", delete(Login::delete))
+        .route("/signup", get(Signup::page))
+        .route("/signup-view", get(Signup::get))
+        .route("/signup", post(Signup::post))
+        .route(
+            "/hot-reload",
+            get({
+                let id = std::time::SystemTime::now()
+                    .duration_since(std::time::SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+                    .unwrap()
+                    .as_millis();
+                move || async move { id.to_string() }
+            }),
+        );
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "tls")]
+    {
+        let addr =
+            (Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, std::env::var("DEPELL_PORT").unwrap().parse::<u16>().unwrap());
+        let config = axum_server::tls_rustls::RustlsConfig::from_pem_file(
+            std::env::var("DEPELL_CERT_PATH").unwrap(),
+            std::env::var("DEPELL_KEY_PATH").unwrap(),
+        )
+        .await
+        .unwrap();
+
+        axum_server::bind_rustls(addr.into(), config)
+            .serve(router.into_make_service())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+    }
+    #[cfg(not(feature = "tls"))]
+    {
+        let addr = (Ipv4Addr::UNSPECIFIED, 8080);
+        let socket = tokio::net::TcpListener::bind(addr).await.unwrap();
+        axum::serve(socket, router).await.unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+async fn fetch_code(
+    axum::Json(paths): axum::Json<Vec<String>>,
+) -> axum::Json<HashMap<String, String>> {
+    let mut deps = HashMap::<String, String>::new();
+    db::with(|db| {
+        for path in &paths {
+            let Some((author, name)) = path.split_once('/') else { continue };
+            db.fetch_deps
+                .query_map((name, author), |r| {
+                    Ok((
+                        r.get::<_, String>(1)? + "/" + r.get_ref(0)?.as_str()?,
+                        r.get::<_, String>(2)?,
+                    ))
+                })
+                .log("fetch deps query")
+                .into_iter()
+                .flatten()
+                .filter_map(|r| r.log("deps row"))
+                .collect_into(&mut deps);
+        }
+    });
+    axum::Json(deps)
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+#[serde(untagged)]
+enum Feed {
+    Before { before_timestamp: u64 },
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct Before {
+    before_timestamp: u64,
+}
+
+impl Feed {
+    async fn more(session: Session, axum::Form(data): axum::Form<Before>) -> Html<String> {
+        Self::Before { before_timestamp: data.before_timestamp }.render(&session)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Feed {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::Before { before_timestamp: now() + 3600 }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Page for Feed {
+    fn render_to_buf(self, _: &Session, buf: &mut String) {
+        db::with(|db| {
+            let cursor = match self {
+                Feed::Before { before_timestamp } => db
+                    .get_pots_before
+                    .query_map((before_timestamp,), Post::from_row)
+                    .log("fetch before posts query")
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .flatten()
+                    .filter_map(|r| r.log("fetch before posts row")),
+            };
+
+            let base_len = buf.len();
+            let mut last_timestamp = None;
+            for post in cursor {
+                write!(buf, "{}", post).unwrap();
+                if buf.len() - base_len > MAX_FEED_SIZE {
+                    last_timestamp = Some(post.timestamp);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            write_html!((*buf)
+                if let Some(last_timestamp) = last_timestamp {
+                    <div "hx-post"="/feed-more"
+                        "hx-trigger"="intersect once"
+                        "hx-swap"="outerHTML"
+                        "hx-vals"={format_args!("{{\"before_timestamp\":{last_timestamp}}}")}
+                    >"there might be more"</div>
+                } else {
+                    "no more stuff"
+                }
+            );
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Index;
+
+impl PublicPage for Index {
+    fn render_to_buf(self, buf: &mut String) {
+        buf.push_str(include_str!("welcome-page.html"));
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize, Default)]
+struct Post {
+    author: String,
+    name: String,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    timestamp: u64,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    imports: usize,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    runs: usize,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    dependencies: usize,
+    code: String,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    error: Option<&'static str>,
+}
+
+impl Page for Post {
+    fn render_to_buf(self, session: &Session, buf: &mut String) {
+        let Self { name, code, error, .. } = self;
+        write_html! { (buf)
+            <form id="postForm" "hx-post"="/post" "hx-swap"="outerHTML">
+                if let Some(e) = error { <div class="error">e</div> }
+                <input name="author" type="text" value={session.name} hidden>
+                <input name="name" type="text" placeholder="name" value=name
+                    required maxlength=MAX_POSTNAME_LENGTH>
+                <div id="code-editor">
+                    <textarea id="code-edit" name="code" placeholder="code" rows=1
+                        required>code</textarea>
+                    <span id="code-size">MAX_CODE_LENGTH</span>
+                </div>
+                <input type="submit" value="submit">
+                <pre id="compiler-output"></pre>
+            </form>
+            !{include_str!("post-page.html")}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Post {
+    pub fn from_row(r: &rusqlite::Row) -> rusqlite::Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Post {
+            author: r.get(0)?,
+            name: r.get(1)?,
+            timestamp: r.get(2)?,
+            code: r.get(3)?,
+            ..Default::default()
+        })
+    }
+
+    async fn post(
+        session: Session,
+        axum::Form(mut data): axum::Form<Self>,
+    ) -> Result<Redirect, Html<String>> {
+        if data.name.len() > MAX_POSTNAME_LENGTH {
+            data.error = Some(formatcp!("name too long, max length is {MAX_POSTNAME_LENGTH}"));
+            return Err(data.render(&session));
+        }
+
+        if data.code.len() > MAX_CODE_LENGTH {
+            data.error = Some(formatcp!("code too long, max length is {MAX_CODE_LENGTH}"));
+            return Err(data.render(&session));
+        }
+
+        db::with(|db| {
+            if let Err(e) = db.create_post.insert((&data.name, &session.name, now(), &data.code)) {
+                if let rusqlite::Error::SqliteFailure(e, _) = e {
+                    if e.code == rusqlite::ErrorCode::ConstraintViolation {
+                        data.error = Some("this name is already used");
+                    }
+                }
+                data.error = data.error.or_else(|| {
+                    log::error!("create post error: {e}");
+                    Some("internal server error")
+                });
+                return;
+            }
+
+            for (author, name) in hblang::lexer::Lexer::uses(&data.code)
+                .filter_map(|v| v.split_once('/'))
+                .collect::<HashSet<_>>()
+            {
+                if db
+                    .create_import
+                    .insert((author, name, &session.name, &data.name))
+                    .log("create import query")
+                    .is_none()
+                {
+                    data.error = Some("internal server error");
+                    return;
+                };
+            }
+        });
+
+        if data.error.is_some() {
+            Err(data.render(&session))
+        } else {
+            Ok(redirect("/profile"))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Post {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let Self { author, name, timestamp, imports, runs, dependencies, code, .. } = self;
+        write_html! { f <div class="preview">
+            <div class="info">
+                <span>
+                    <a "hx-get"={format_args!("/profile-view/{author}")} href="" "hx-target"="main"
+                        "hx-push-url"={format_args!("/profile/{author}")}
+                        "hx-swam"="innerHTML">author</a>
+                    "/"
+                    name
+                </span>
+                <span apply="timestamp">timestamp</span>
+            </div>
+            <div class="stats">
+                for (name, count) in "inps runs deps".split(' ')
+                    .zip([imports, runs, dependencies])
+                    .filter(|(_, &c)| c != 0)
+                {
+                    name ": "<span>count</span>
+                }
+            </div>
+            <pre apply="fmt">code</pre>
+            if *timestamp == 0 {
+                <button "hx-get"="/post" "hx-swap"="outerHTML"
+                    "hx-target"="[preview]">"edit"</button>
+            }
+        </div> }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Profile {
+    other: Option<String>,
+}
+
+impl Profile {
+    async fn get_other(session: Session, Path(name): Path<String>) -> Html<String> {
+        Profile { other: Some(name) }.render(&session)
+    }
+
+    async fn get_other_page(session: Session, Path(name): Path<String>) -> Html<String> {
+        base(|b| Profile { other: Some(name) }.render_to_buf(&session, b), Some(&session))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Page for Profile {
+    fn render_to_buf(self, session: &Session, buf: &mut String) {
+        db::with(|db| {
+            let iter = db
+                .get_user_posts
+                .query_map((self.other.as_ref().unwrap_or(&session.name),), Post::from_row)
+                .log("get user posts query")
+                .into_iter()
+                .flatten()
+                .filter_map(|p| p.log("user post row"));
+            write_html! { (buf)
+                for post in iter {
+                    !{post}
+                } else {
+                    "no posts"
+                }
+                !{include_str!("profile-page.html")}
+            }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+fn hash_password(password: &str) -> String {
+    use argon2::PasswordHasher;
+    argon2::Argon2::default()
+        .hash_password(password.as_bytes(), &SaltString::generate(&mut OsRng))
+        .unwrap()
+        .to_string()
+}
+
+fn verify_password(hash: &str, password: &str) -> Result<(), argon2::password_hash::Error> {
+    argon2::Argon2::default()
+        .verify_password(password.as_bytes(), &argon2::PasswordHash::new(hash)?)
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Default, Debug)]
+struct Login {
+    name: String,
+    password: String,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    error: Option<&'static str>,
+}
+
+impl PublicPage for Login {
+    fn render_to_buf(self, buf: &mut String) {
+        let Login { name, password, error } = self;
+        write_html! { (buf)
+            <form "hx-post"="/login" "hx-swap"="outerHTML">
+                if let Some(e) = error { <div class="error">e</div> }
+                <input name="name" type="text" autocomplete="name" placeholder="name" value=name
+                    required maxlength=MAX_NAME_LENGTH>
+                <input name="password" type="password" autocomplete="current-password" placeholder="password"
+                    value=password>
+                <input type="submit" value="submit">
+            </form>
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Login {
+    async fn post(
+        axum::Form(mut data): axum::Form<Self>,
+    ) -> Result<AppendHeaders<[(&'static str, String); 2]>, Html<String>> {
+        // TODO: hash password
+        let mut id = [0u8; 32];
+        db::with(|db| match db.authenticate.query_row((&data.name,), |r| r.get::<_, String>(1)) {
+            Ok(hash) => {
+                if verify_password(&hash, &data.password).is_err() {
+                    data.error = Some("invalid credentials");
+                } else {
+                    getrandom::getrandom(&mut id).unwrap();
+                    if db
+                        .login
+                        .insert((id, &data.name, now() + SESSION_DURATION_SECS))
+                        .log("create session query")
+                        .is_none()
+                    {
+                        data.error = Some("internal server error");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Err(rusqlite::Error::QueryReturnedNoRows) => {
+                data.error = Some("invalid credentials");
+            }
+            Err(e) => {
+                log::error!("foo {e}");
+                data.error = Some("internal server error");
+            }
+        });
+
+        if data.error.is_some() {
+            log::error!("what {:?}", data);
+            Err(data.render())
+        } else {
+            Ok(AppendHeaders([
+                ("hx-location", "/feed".into()),
+                (
+                    "set-cookie",
+                    format!(
+                        "id={}; SameSite=Strict; Secure; Max-Age={SESSION_DURATION_SECS}",
+                        to_hex(&id)
+                    ),
+                ),
+            ]))
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn delete(session: Session) -> Redirect {
+        _ = db::with(|q| q.logout.execute((session.id,)).log("delete session query"));
+        redirect("/login")
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Default)]
+struct Signup {
+    name: String,
+    new_password: String,
+    confirm_password: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    confirm_no_password: bool,
+    #[serde(skip)]
+    error: Option<&'static str>,
+}
+
+impl PublicPage for Signup {
+    fn render_to_buf(self, buf: &mut String) {
+        let Signup { name, new_password, confirm_password, confirm_no_password, error } = self;
+        let vals = if confirm_no_password { "{\"confirm_no_password\":true}" } else { "{}" };
+        write_html! { (buf)
+            <form "hx-post"="/signup" "hx-swap"="outerHTML" "hx-vals"=vals>
+                if let Some(e) = error { <div class="error">e</div> }
+                <input name="name" type="text" autocomplete="name" placeholder="name" value=name
+                    maxlength=MAX_NAME_LENGTH required>
+                <input name="new_password" type="password" autocomplete="new-password" placeholder="new password"
+                    value=new_password>
+                <input name="confirm_password" type="password" autocomplete="confirm-password"
+                    placeholder="confirm password" value=confirm_password>
+                <input type="submit" value="submit">
+            </form>
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Signup {
+    async fn post(axum::Form(mut data): axum::Form<Self>) -> Result<Redirect, Html<String>> {
+        if data.name.len() > MAX_NAME_LENGTH {
+            data.error = Some(formatcp!("name too long, max length is {MAX_NAME_LENGTH}"));
+            return Err(data.render());
+        }
+
+        if !data.confirm_no_password && data.new_password.is_empty() {
+            data.confirm_no_password = true;
+            data.error = Some("Are you sure you don't want to use a password? (then submit again)");
+            return Err(data.render());
+        }
+
+        db::with(|db| {
+            // TODO: hash passwords
+            match db.register.insert((&data.name, hash_password(&data.new_password))) {
+                Ok(_) => {}
+                Err(rusqlite::Error::SqliteFailure(e, _))
+                    if e.code == rusqlite::ErrorCode::ConstraintViolation =>
+                {
+                    data.error = Some("username already taken");
+                }
+                Err(e) => {
+                    log::error!("create user query: {e}");
+                    data.error = Some("internal server error");
+                }
+            };
+        });
+
+        if data.error.is_some() {
+            Err(data.render())
+        } else {
+            Ok(redirect("/login"))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn base(body: impl FnOnce(&mut String), session: Option<&Session>) -> Html<String> {
+    let username = session.map(|s| &s.name);
+
+    let nav_button = |f: &mut String, name: &str| {
+        write_html! {(f)
+            <button "hx-push-url"={format_args!("/{name}")}
+                "hx-get"={format_args!("/{name}-view")}
+                "hx-target"="main"
+                "hx-swap"="innerHTML">name</button>
+        }
+    };
+
+    Html(html! {
+        "<!DOCTYPE html>"
+        <html lang="en">
+            <head>
+                <meta name="charset" content="UTF-8">
+                <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+                <link rel="stylesheet" href="/index.css">
+            </head>
+            <body>
+                <nav>
+                    <button "hx-push-url"="/" "hx-get"="/index-view" "hx-target"="main" "hx-swap"="innerHTML">"depell"</button>
+                    <section>
+                        if let Some(username) = username {
+                            <button "hx-push-url"="/profile" "hx-get"="/profile-view" "hx-target"="main"
+                                "hx-swap"="innerHTML">username</button>
+                            |f|{nav_button(f, "feed"); nav_button(f, "post")}
+                            <button "hx-delete"="/login">"logout"</button>
+                        } else {
+                            |f|{nav_button(f, "login"); nav_button(f, "signup")}
+                        }
+                    </section>
+                </nav>
+                <section id="post-form"></section>
+                <main>|f|{body(f)}</main>
+            </body>
+            <script src="https://unpkg.com/htmx.org@2.0.3/dist/htmx.min.js" integrity="sha384-0895/pl2MU10Hqc6jd4RvrthNlDiE9U1tWmX7WRESftEDRosgxNsQG/Ze9YMRzHq" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
+            <script type="module" src="/index.js"></script>
+        </html>
+    })
+}
+
+struct Session {
+    name: String,
+    id: [u8; 32],
+}
+
+#[axum::async_trait]
+impl<S> axum::extract::FromRequestParts<S> for Session {
+    /// If the extractor fails it'll use this "rejection" type. A rejection is
+    /// a kind of error that can be converted into a response.
+    type Rejection = Redirect;
+
+    /// Perform the extraction.
+    async fn from_request_parts(parts: &mut Parts, _: &S) -> Result<Self, Self::Rejection> {
+        let err = redirect("/login");
+
+        let value = parts
+            .headers
+            .get_all(COOKIE)
+            .into_iter()
+            .find_map(|c| c.to_str().ok()?.trim().strip_prefix("id="))
+            .map(|c| c.split_once(';').unwrap_or((c, "")).0)
+            .ok_or(err)?;
+        let mut id = [0u8; 32];
+        parse_hex(value, &mut id).ok_or(err)?;
+
+        let (name, expiration) = db::with(|db| {
+            db.get_session
+                .query_row((id,), |r| Ok((r.get::<_, String>(0)?, r.get::<_, u64>(1)?)))
+                .log("fetching session")
+                .ok_or(err)
+        })?;
+
+        if expiration < now() {
+            return Err(err);
+        }
+
+        Ok(Self { name, id })
+    }
+}
+
+fn now() -> u64 {
+    std::time::SystemTime::now()
+        .duration_since(std::time::SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .unwrap()
+        .as_secs()
+}
+
+fn parse_hex(hex: &str, dst: &mut [u8]) -> Option<()> {
+    fn hex_to_nibble(b: u8) -> Option<u8> {
+        Some(match b {
+            b'a'..=b'f' => b - b'a' + 10,
+            b'A'..=b'F' => b - b'A' + 10,
+            b'0'..=b'9' => b - b'0',
+            _ => return None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    if hex.len() != dst.len() * 2 {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    for (d, p) in dst.iter_mut().zip(hex.as_bytes().chunks_exact(2)) {
+        *d = (hex_to_nibble(p[0])? << 4) | hex_to_nibble(p[1])?;
+    }
+
+    Some(())
+}
+
+fn to_hex(src: &[u8]) -> String {
+    use std::fmt::Write;
+    let mut buf = String::new();
+    for &b in src {
+        write!(buf, "{b:02x}").unwrap()
+    }
+    buf
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    tokio::runtime::Builder::new_current_thread().enable_all().build().unwrap().block_on(amain());
+}
+
+mod db {
+    use std::cell::RefCell;
+
+    macro_rules! gen_queries {
+        ($vis:vis struct $name:ident {
+            $($qname:ident: $code:expr,)*
+        }) => {
+            $vis struct $name<'a> {
+                $($vis $qname: rusqlite::Statement<'a>,)*
+            }
+
+            impl<'a> $name<'a> {
+                fn new(db: &'a rusqlite::Connection) -> Self {
+                    Self {
+                        $($qname: db.prepare($code).unwrap(),)*
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    gen_queries! {
+        pub struct Queries {
+            register: "INSERT INTO user (name, password_hash) VALUES(?, ?)",
+            authenticate: "SELECT name, password_hash FROM user WHERE name = ?",
+            login: "INSERT OR REPLACE INTO session (id, username, expiration) VALUES(?, ?, ?)",
+            logout: "DELETE FROM session WHERE id = ?",
+            get_session: "SELECT username, expiration FROM session WHERE id = ?",
+            get_user_posts: "SELECT author, name, timestamp, code FROM post WHERE author = ?
+                ORDER BY timestamp DESC",
+            get_pots_before: "SELECT author, name, timestamp, code FROM post WHERE timestamp < ?",
+            create_post: "INSERT INTO post (name, author, timestamp, code) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?)",
+            fetch_deps: "
+                WITH RECURSIVE roots(name, author, code) AS (
+                    SELECT name, author, code FROM post WHERE name = ? AND author = ?
+                    UNION
+                    SELECT post.name, post.author, post.code FROM
+                        post JOIN import ON post.name = import.to_name
+                            AND post.author = import.to_author
+                        JOIN roots ON import.from_name = roots.name
+                            AND import.from_author = roots.author
+                ) SELECT * FROM roots;
+            ",
+            create_import: "INSERT INTO import(to_author, to_name, from_author, from_name)
+                VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?)",
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct Db {
+        queries: Queries<'static>,
+        _db: Box<rusqlite::Connection>,
+    }
+
+    impl Db {
+        fn new() -> Self {
+            let db = Box::new(rusqlite::Connection::open("db.sqlite").unwrap());
+            Self {
+                queries: Queries::new(unsafe {
+                    std::mem::transmute::<&rusqlite::Connection, &rusqlite::Connection>(&db)
+                }),
+                _db: db,
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn with<T>(with: impl FnOnce(&mut Queries) -> T) -> T {
+        thread_local! { static DB_CONN: RefCell<Db> = RefCell::new(Db::new()); }
+        DB_CONN.with_borrow_mut(|q| with(&mut q.queries))
+    }
+
+    pub fn init() {
+        let db = rusqlite::Connection::open("db.sqlite").unwrap();
+        db.execute_batch(include_str!("schema.sql")).unwrap();
+        Queries::new(&db);
+    }
+}
+
+fn redirect(to: &'static str) -> Redirect {
+    AppendHeaders([("hx-location", to)])
+}
+
+trait PublicPage: Default {
+    fn render_to_buf(self, buf: &mut String);
+
+    fn render(self) -> Html<String> {
+        let mut str = String::new();
+        self.render_to_buf(&mut str);
+        Html(str)
+    }
+
+    async fn get() -> Html<String> {
+        Self::default().render()
+    }
+
+    async fn page(session: Option<Session>) -> Html<String> {
+        base(|s| Self::default().render_to_buf(s), session.as_ref())
+    }
+}
+
+trait Page: Default {
+    fn render_to_buf(self, session: &Session, buf: &mut String);
+
+    fn render(self, session: &Session) -> Html<String> {
+        let mut str = String::new();
+        self.render_to_buf(session, &mut str);
+        Html(str)
+    }
+
+    async fn get(session: Session) -> Html<String> {
+        Self::default().render(&session)
+    }
+
+    async fn page(session: Option<Session>) -> Result<Html<String>, axum::response::Redirect> {
+        match session {
+            Some(session) => {
+                Ok(base(|f| Self::default().render_to_buf(&session, f), Some(&session)))
+            }
+            None => Err(axum::response::Redirect::permanent("/login")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+trait ResultExt<O, E> {
+    fn log(self, prefix: impl Display) -> Option<O>;
+}
+
+impl<O, E: Display> ResultExt<O, E> for Result<O, E> {
+    fn log(self, prefix: impl Display) -> Option<O> {
+        match self {
+            Ok(v) => Some(v),
+            Err(e) => {
+                log::error!("{prefix}: {e}");
+                None
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct Logger;
+
+impl log::Log for Logger {
+    fn enabled(&self, _: &log::Metadata) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn log(&self, record: &log::Record) {
+        if self.enabled(record.metadata()) {
+            eprintln!("{} - {}", record.module_path().unwrap_or("=="), record.args());
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&self) {}
+}

depell/src/post-page.html

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<div id="dep-list">
+	<input placeholder="search impoted deps.." oninput="filterCodeDeps(this, event)">
+	<section id="deps">
+		results show here...
+	</section>
+</div>
+
+<div>
+
+	<h3>About posting code</h3>
+	<p>
+		If you are unfammiliar with <a href="https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes">hblang</a>, refer to the
+		<strong>hblang/README.md</strong> or
+		vizit <a href="/profile/mlokis">mlokis'es posts</a>. Preferably don't edit the code here.
+	</p>
+
+	<h3>Extra textarea features</h3>
+	<ul>
+		<li>proper tab behaviour</li>
+		<li>snap to previous tab boundary on "empty" lines</li>
+	</ul>

depell/src/schema.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS user(
+	name TEXT NOT NULL,
+	password_hash TEXT NOT NULL,
+	PRIMARY KEY (name)
+) WITHOUT ROWID;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS session(
+	id BLOB NOT NULL,
+	username TEXT NOT NULL,
+	expiration INTEGER NOT NULL,
+	FOREIGN KEY (username) REFERENCES user (name)
+	PRIMARY KEY (username)
+) WITHOUT ROWID;
+
+CREATE UNIQUE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS
+	session_id ON session (id);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS post(
+	name TEXT NOT NULL,
+	author TEXT,
+	timestamp INTEGER,
+	code TEXT NOT NULL,
+	FOREIGN KEY (author) REFERENCES user(name) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+	PRIMARY KEY (author, name)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS
+	post_timestamp ON post(timestamp DESC);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS import(
+	from_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+	from_author TEXT,
+	to_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+	to_author TEXT,
+	FOREIGN KEY (from_name, from_author) REFERENCES post(name, author),
+	FOREIGN KEY (to_name, to_author) REFERENCES post(name, author)
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS
+	dependencies ON import(from_name, from_author);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS
+	dependants ON import(to_name, to_author);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS run(
+	code_name TEXT NOT NULL,
+	code_author TEXT NOT NULL,
+	runner TEXT NOT NULL,
+	FOREIGN KEY (code_name, code_author) REFERENCES post(name, author),
+	FOREIGN KEY (runner) REFERENCES user(name),
+	PRIMARY KEY (code_name, code_author, runner)
+);
+

depell/src/welcome-page.html

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+<h1>Welcome to depell</h1>
+<p>
+	Depell (dependency hell) is a simple "social" media site best compared to twitter, except that all you can post is
+	<a href="https://git.ablecorp.us/AbleOS/holey-bytes">hblang</a> code with no comments allowed. Instead of likes you
+	run the program, and instead of retweets you import the program as dependency. Run counts even when ran indirectly.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+	The backend only serves the code and frontend compiles and runs it locally. All posts are immutable.
+</p>
+
+<h2>Security?</h2>
+<p>
+	All code runs in WASM (inside a holey-bytes VM until hblang compiles to wasm) and is controlled by JavaScript. WASM
+	cant do any form of IO without going trough JavaScript so as long as JS import does not allow wasm to execute
+	arbitrary JS code, WASM can act as a container inside the JS.
+</p>

depell/wasm-fmt/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+[package]
+name = "wasm-hbfmt"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+hblang = { workspace = true, features = ["no_log"] }
+wasm-rt = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../wasm-rt" }

depell/wasm-fmt/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#![no_std]
+#![feature(str_from_raw_parts)]
+#![feature(alloc_error_handler)]
+
+use hblang::{fmt, parser};
+
+wasm_rt::decl_runtime!(128 * 1024, 1024 * 4);
+
+const MAX_OUTPUT_SIZE: usize = 1024 * 10;
+wasm_rt::decl_buffer!(MAX_OUTPUT_SIZE, MAX_OUTPUT, OUTPUT, OUTPUT_LEN);
+
+const MAX_INPUT_SIZE: usize = 1024 * 4;
+wasm_rt::decl_buffer!(MAX_INPUT_SIZE, MAX_INPUT, INPUT, INPUT_LEN);
+
+#[no_mangle]
+unsafe extern "C" fn fmt() {
+    ALLOCATOR.reset();
+
+    let code = core::str::from_raw_parts(core::ptr::addr_of!(INPUT).cast(), INPUT_LEN);
+
+    let arena = parser::Arena::with_capacity(code.len() * parser::SOURCE_TO_AST_FACTOR);
+    let mut ctx = parser::Ctx::default();
+    let exprs = parser::Parser::parse(&mut ctx, code, "source.hb", &mut parser::no_loader, &arena);
+
+    let mut f = wasm_rt::Write(&mut OUTPUT[..]);
+    fmt::fmt_file(exprs, code, &mut f).unwrap();
+    OUTPUT_LEN = MAX_OUTPUT_SIZE - f.0.len();
+}
+
+#[no_mangle]
+unsafe extern "C" fn minify() {
+    let code = core::str::from_raw_parts_mut(core::ptr::addr_of_mut!(OUTPUT).cast(), OUTPUT_LEN);
+    OUTPUT_LEN = fmt::minify(code);
+}

depell/wasm-hbc/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[package]
+name = "wasm-hbc"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+hblang = { workspace = true, features = [] }
+hbvm.workspace = true
+log = { version = "0.4.22", features = ["release_max_level_error"] }
+wasm-rt = { version = "0.1.0", path = "../wasm-rt", features = ["log"] }
+

depell/wasm-hbc/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+#![feature(alloc_error_handler)]
+#![feature(slice_take)]
+#![no_std]
+
+use {
+    alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec},
+    hblang::{
+        son::{hbvm::HbvmBackend, Codegen, CodegenCtx},
+        ty::Module,
+        Ent,
+    },
+};
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+const ARENA_CAP: usize = 128 * 16 * 1024;
+wasm_rt::decl_runtime!(ARENA_CAP, 1024 * 4);
+
+const MAX_INPUT_SIZE: usize = 32 * 4 * 1024;
+wasm_rt::decl_buffer!(MAX_INPUT_SIZE, MAX_INPUT, INPUT, INPUT_LEN);
+
+#[no_mangle]
+unsafe fn compile_and_run(mut fuel: usize) {
+    ALLOCATOR.reset();
+
+    _ = log::set_logger(&wasm_rt::Logger);
+    log::set_max_level(log::LevelFilter::Error);
+
+    struct File<'a> {
+        path: &'a str,
+        code: &'a mut str,
+    }
+
+    let mut root = 0;
+
+    let files = {
+        let mut input_bytes =
+            core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(core::ptr::addr_of_mut!(INPUT).cast::<u8>(), INPUT_LEN);
+
+        let mut files = Vec::with_capacity(32);
+        while let Some((&mut path_len, rest)) = input_bytes.split_first_chunk_mut() {
+            let (path, rest) = rest.split_at_mut(u16::from_le_bytes(path_len) as usize);
+            let (&mut code_len, rest) = rest.split_first_chunk_mut().unwrap();
+            let (code, rest) = rest.split_at_mut(u16::from_le_bytes(code_len) as usize);
+            files.push(File {
+                path: core::str::from_utf8_unchecked(path),
+                code: core::str::from_utf8_unchecked_mut(code),
+            });
+            input_bytes = rest;
+        }
+
+        let root_path = files[root].path;
+        hblang::quad_sort(&mut files, |a, b| a.path.cmp(b.path));
+        root = files.binary_search_by_key(&root_path, |p| p.path).unwrap();
+
+        files
+    };
+
+    let mut ctx = CodegenCtx::default();
+
+    let files = {
+        let paths = files.iter().map(|f| f.path).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let mut loader = |path: &str, _: &str, kind| match kind {
+            hblang::parser::FileKind::Module => Ok(paths.binary_search(&path).unwrap()),
+            hblang::parser::FileKind::Embed => Err("embeds are not supported".into()),
+        };
+        files
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|f| {
+                hblang::parser::Ast::new(
+                    f.path,
+                    // since 'free' does nothing this is fine
+                    String::from_raw_parts(f.code.as_mut_ptr(), f.code.len(), f.code.len()),
+                    &mut ctx.parser,
+                    &mut loader,
+                )
+            })
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+    };
+
+    let mut ct = {
+        let mut backend = HbvmBackend::default();
+        Codegen::new(&mut backend, &files, &mut ctx).generate(Module::new(root));
+
+        if !ctx.parser.errors.borrow().is_empty() {
+            log::error!("{}", ctx.parser.errors.borrow());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let mut c = Codegen::new(&mut backend, &files, &mut ctx);
+        c.assemble_comptime()
+    };
+
+    while fuel != 0 {
+        match ct.vm.run() {
+            Ok(hbvm::VmRunOk::End) => {
+                log::error!("exit code: {}", ct.vm.read_reg(1).0 as i64);
+                break;
+            }
+            Ok(hbvm::VmRunOk::Ecall) => {
+                let unknown = ct.vm.read_reg(2).0;
+                log::error!("unknown ecall: {unknown}")
+            }
+            Ok(hbvm::VmRunOk::Timer) => {
+                fuel -= 1;
+                if fuel == 0 {
+                    log::error!("program timed out");
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(hbvm::VmRunOk::Breakpoint) => todo!(),
+            Err(e) => {
+                log::error!("vm error: {e}");
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //log::error!("memory consumption: {}b / {}b", ALLOCATOR.used(), ARENA_CAP);
+}

depell/wasm-rt/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[package]
+name = "wasm-rt"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+log = { version = "0.4.22", optional = true }

depell/wasm-rt/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#![feature(alloc_error_handler)]
+#![feature(pointer_is_aligned_to)]
+#![feature(slice_take)]
+#![no_std]
+
+use core::{
+    alloc::{GlobalAlloc, Layout},
+    cell::UnsafeCell,
+};
+
+extern crate alloc;
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! decl_buffer {
+    ($cap:expr, $export_cap:ident, $export_base:ident, $export_len:ident) => {
+        #[no_mangle]
+        static $export_cap: usize = $cap;
+        #[no_mangle]
+        static mut $export_base: [u8; $cap] = [0; $cap];
+        #[no_mangle]
+        static mut $export_len: usize = 0;
+    };
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! decl_runtime {
+    ($memory_size:expr, $max_panic_size:expr) => {
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        #[no_mangle]
+        static mut PANIC_MESSAGE: [u8; $max_panic_size] = [0; $max_panic_size];
+        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+        #[no_mangle]
+        static mut PANIC_MESSAGE_LEN: usize = 0;
+
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+        #[panic_handler]
+        pub fn handle_panic(_info: &core::panic::PanicInfo) -> ! {
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            {
+                unsafe {
+                    use core::fmt::Write;
+                    let mut f = $crate::Write(&mut PANIC_MESSAGE[..]);
+                    _ = writeln!(f, "{}", _info);
+                    PANIC_MESSAGE_LEN = $max_panic_size - f.0.len();
+                }
+            }
+
+            core::arch::wasm32::unreachable();
+        }
+
+        #[global_allocator]
+        static ALLOCATOR: $crate::ArenaAllocator<{ $memory_size }> = $crate::ArenaAllocator::new();
+
+        #[cfg(target_arch = "wasm32")]
+        #[alloc_error_handler]
+        fn alloc_error(_: core::alloc::Layout) -> ! {
+            #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+            {
+                unsafe {
+                    use core::fmt::Write;
+                    let mut f = $crate::Write(&mut PANIC_MESSAGE[..]);
+                    _ = writeln!(f, "out of memory");
+                    PANIC_MESSAGE_LEN = $max_panic_size - f.0.len();
+                }
+            }
+
+            core::arch::wasm32::unreachable()
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "log")]
+pub struct Logger;
+
+#[cfg(feature = "log")]
+impl log::Log for Logger {
+    fn enabled(&self, _: &log::Metadata) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn log(&self, record: &log::Record) {
+        if self.enabled(record.metadata()) {
+            const MAX_LOG_MESSAGE: usize = 1024 * 8;
+            #[no_mangle]
+            static mut LOG_MESSAGES: [u8; MAX_LOG_MESSAGE] = [0; MAX_LOG_MESSAGE];
+            #[no_mangle]
+            static mut LOG_MESSAGES_LEN: usize = 0;
+
+            unsafe {
+                use core::fmt::Write;
+                let mut f = Write(&mut LOG_MESSAGES[LOG_MESSAGES_LEN..]);
+                _ = writeln!(f, "{}", record.args());
+                LOG_MESSAGES_LEN = MAX_LOG_MESSAGE - f.0.len();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&self) {}
+}
+
+pub struct ArenaAllocator<const SIZE: usize> {
+    arena: UnsafeCell<[u8; SIZE]>,
+    head: UnsafeCell<*mut u8>,
+}
+
+impl<const SIZE: usize> ArenaAllocator<SIZE> {
+    #[expect(clippy::new_without_default)]
+    pub const fn new() -> Self {
+        ArenaAllocator {
+            arena: UnsafeCell::new([0; SIZE]),
+            head: UnsafeCell::new(core::ptr::null_mut()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[expect(clippy::missing_safety_doc)]
+    pub unsafe fn reset(&self) {
+        (*self.head.get()) = self.arena.get().cast::<u8>().add(SIZE);
+    }
+
+    pub fn used(&self) -> usize {
+        unsafe { self.arena.get() as usize + SIZE - (*self.head.get()) as usize }
+    }
+}
+
+unsafe impl<const SIZE: usize> Sync for ArenaAllocator<SIZE> {}
+
+unsafe impl<const SIZE: usize> GlobalAlloc for ArenaAllocator<SIZE> {
+    unsafe fn alloc(&self, layout: Layout) -> *mut u8 {
+        let size = layout.size();
+        let align = layout.align();
+
+        let until = self.arena.get() as *mut u8;
+
+        let new_head = (*self.head.get()).sub(size);
+        let aligned_head = (new_head as usize & !(align - 1)) as *mut u8;
+        debug_assert!(aligned_head.is_aligned_to(align));
+
+        if until > aligned_head {
+            return core::ptr::null_mut();
+        }
+
+        *self.head.get() = aligned_head;
+        aligned_head
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn dealloc(&self, _ptr: *mut u8, _layout: Layout) {
+        /* lol */
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Write<'a>(pub &'a mut [u8]);
+
+impl core::fmt::Write for Write<'_> {
+    fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        if let Some(m) = self.0.take_mut(..s.len()) {
+            m.copy_from_slice(s.as_bytes());
+            Ok(())
+        } else {
+            Err(core::fmt::Error)
+        }
+    }
+}

hbasm/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "hbasm"
-version = "0.1.0"
-edition = "2021"
-
-[dependencies]
-paste               = "1.0"
-rhai                = "1.16"
-with_builtin_macros = "0.0.3"

hbasm/examples/ableos/main.rhai

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-import "hbasm/examples/ableos/std" as std;
-
-fn main(){
-    std::Error(":+)");
-    std::Warn("Your mom fell in a well!");
-    std::Info("Hello, world!");
-    std::Debug("ABC");
-    std::Trace("Trace Deez");
-
-    tx();
-}
-
-main();

hbasm/examples/ableos/std.rhai

@@ -1,24 +0,0 @@
-fn ipc_send(buffer_id, mem_addr, length){
-    // set the ecall
-    li8(r1, 3);
-    // Set the buffer ID to be the BufferID
-    li64(r2, buffer_id);
-    lra(r3, r0, mem_addr);
-    // set the length
-    li64(r4, length);
-    // ecall
-    eca(); 
-}
-
-private fn log(log_level, string){
-    let str = data::str(string);
-    ipc_send(1, str, str.len);
-}
-
-fn Error(string) {log(0, string);}
-fn Warn(string) {log(1, string);}
-fn Info(string) {log(2, string);}
-// Due to rhai limitations this cannot be debug
-// because of this all of the log levels are upper case
-fn Debug(string) {log(3, string);}
-fn Trace(string) {log(4, string);}

hbasm/examples/hello-linux.rhai

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-let hello = data::str("Hello, world!");
-
-li8     (r1, 1);            // Write syscall
-li8     (r2, 1);            // Stdout FD
-lra16   (r3, r0, hello);    // String buffer
-li8     (r4, hello.len);    // String length
-eca     ();                 // System call
-
-tx      ();                 // End program

hbasm/examples/macros.rhai

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-li8(r1, 69);
-li8(r2,  0);
-
-if_eq(r1, r2,
-    || puts("Equals!"),
-    || puts("Not equals!"),
-);
-
-
-tx(); // END OF MAIN
-
-/// Inline function – write text to stdout
-fn puts(string) {
-    let d = data::str(string);
-    li8   (r1, 1);     // Write syscall
-    li8   (r2, 1);     // Stdout handle
-    lra16 (r3, r0, d);
-    li64  (r4, d.len);
-    eca   ();
-}
-
-fn if_eq(a, b, thenblk, elseblk) {
-    let elselbl = declabel();
-    let endlbl  = declabel();
-
-    jne(a, b, elselbl);
-    thenblk.call();
-    jmp16(endlbl);
-
-    elselbl.here();
-    elseblk.call();
-    endlbl.here();
-}

hbasm/src/data.rs

@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-//! Data section inserts
-
-use {
-    crate::{object::SymbolRef, SharedObject},
-    rhai::{CustomType, Engine, FuncRegistration, ImmutableString, Module},
-};
-
-/// Generate insertions for data types
-///
-/// `gen_data_instructions!($module, $obj, [$type, …]);`
-/// - `$module`: Rhai module
-/// - `$obj`: Code object
-/// - `$type`: Type of single array item
-macro_rules! gen_data_insertions {
-    ($module:expr, $obj:expr, [$($ty:ident),* $(,)?] $(,)?) => {{
-        let (module, obj) = ($module, $obj);
-        $({
-            // Clone object to each function
-            let obj = ::std::rc::Rc::clone(obj);
-
-            FuncRegistration::new(stringify!($ty))
-                .with_namespace(rhai::FnNamespace::Global)
-                .set_into_module::<_, 1, false, _, true, _>(module, move |arr: ::rhai::Array| {
-                    let obj    = &mut *obj.borrow_mut();
-                    let symbol = obj.symbol($crate::object::Section::Data);
-
-                    // Reserve space for object so we don't resize it
-                    // all the time
-                    obj.sections
-                        .data
-                        .reserve(arr.len() * ::std::mem::size_of::<$ty>());
-
-                    // For every item…
-                    for item in arr {
-                        // … try do conversions from i32 to desired type
-                        //   and insert it.
-                        obj.sections.data.extend(
-                            match item.as_int() {
-                                Ok(num) => $ty::try_from(num).map_err(|_| "i64".to_owned()),
-                                Err(ty) => Err(ty.to_owned()),
-                            }
-                            .map_err(|err| {
-
-                                ::rhai::EvalAltResult::ErrorMismatchDataType(
-                                    stringify!($ty).to_owned(),
-                                    err,
-                                    ::rhai::Position::NONE,
-                                )
-                            })?
-                            .to_le_bytes(),
-                        );
-                    }
-
-                    Ok(DataRef {
-                        symbol,
-                        len: obj.sections.data.len() - symbol.0,
-                    })
-                });
-        })*
-    }};
-}
-
-/// Reference to entry in data section
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub struct DataRef {
-    pub symbol: SymbolRef,
-    pub len:    usize,
-}
-
-impl CustomType for DataRef {
-    fn build(mut builder: rhai::TypeBuilder<Self>) {
-        builder
-            .with_name("DataRef")
-            .with_get("symbol", |this: &mut Self| this.symbol)
-            .with_get("len", |this: &mut Self| this.len as u64 as i64);
-    }
-}
-
-pub fn module(engine: &mut Engine, obj: SharedObject) -> Module {
-    let mut module = Module::new();
-
-    gen_data_insertions!(&mut module, &obj, [i8, i16, i32, i64]);
-
-    // Specialisation for strings, they should be
-    // inserted as plain UTF-8 arrays
-    FuncRegistration::new("str")
-        .with_namespace(rhai::FnNamespace::Global)
-        .set_into_module::<_, 1, false, _, true, _>(&mut module, move |s: ImmutableString| {
-            let obj = &mut *obj.borrow_mut();
-            let symbol = obj.symbol(crate::object::Section::Data);
-
-            obj.sections.data.extend(s.as_bytes());
-            Ok(DataRef {
-                symbol,
-                len: s.len(),
-            })
-        });
-
-    engine.build_type::<DataRef>();
-    module
-}

hbasm/src/ins.rs

@@ -1,321 +0,0 @@
-//! Functions for inserting instructions
-//! 
-//! Most of the code you see is just metaprogramming stuff.
-//! This ensures that adding new instructions won't need any
-//! specific changes and consistent behaviour.
-//!
-//! > I tried to comment stuff here, but I meanwhile forgor how it works.
-//!
-//! — Erin
-
-use {
-    crate::object::Object,
-    rhai::{FuncRegistration, Module},
-    std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc},
-};
-
-/// Operand types and their insertions
-pub mod optypes {
-    use {
-        crate::{
-            label::UnboundLabel,
-            object::{Object, RelocKey, RelocType, SymbolRef},
-        },
-        rhai::{Dynamic, EvalAltResult, ImmutableString, Position},
-    };
-
-    // These types represent operand types to be inserted
-    pub type R = u8;
-    pub type B = i8;
-    pub type H = i16;
-    pub type W = i32;
-    pub type D = i64;
-
-    pub type A = Dynamic;
-    pub type O = Dynamic;
-    pub type P = Dynamic;
-
-    /// Insert relocation into code
-    ///
-    /// - If integer, just write it to the code
-    /// - Otherwise insert entry into relocation table
-    ///   and fill zeroes
-    pub fn insert_reloc(
-        obj: &mut Object,
-        ty: RelocType,
-        val: &Dynamic,
-    ) -> Result<(), EvalAltResult> {
-        match () {
-            // Direct references – insert directly to table
-            _ if val.is::<SymbolRef>() => {
-                obj.relocation(RelocKey::Symbol(val.clone_cast::<SymbolRef>().0), ty)
-            }
-            _ if val.is::<UnboundLabel>() => {
-                obj.relocation(RelocKey::Symbol(val.clone_cast::<UnboundLabel>().0), ty)
-            }
-            _ if val.is::<DataRef>() => {
-                obj.relocation(RelocKey::Symbol(val.clone_cast::<DataRef>().symbol.0), ty)
-            }
-
-            // String (indirect) reference
-            _ if val.is_string() => {
-                obj.relocation(RelocKey::Label(val.clone_cast::<ImmutableString>()), ty)
-            }
-
-            // Manual offset
-            _ if val.is_int() => {
-                let int = val.clone_cast::<i64>();
-                match ty {
-                    RelocType::Rel32 => obj.sections.text.extend((int as i32).to_le_bytes()),
-                    RelocType::Rel16 => obj.sections.text.extend((int as i16).to_le_bytes()),
-                    RelocType::Abs64 => obj.sections.text.extend(int.to_le_bytes()),
-                }
-            }
-
-            _ => {
-                return Err(EvalAltResult::ErrorMismatchDataType(
-                    "SymbolRef, UnboundLabel, String or Int".to_owned(),
-                    val.type_name().to_owned(),
-                    Position::NONE,
-                ))
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Generate macro for inserting item into the output object
-    ///
-    /// Pre-defines inserts for absolute address and relative offsets.
-    /// These are inserted with function [`insert_reloc`]
-    /// # le_bytes
-    /// `gen_insert!(le_bytes: [B, …]);`
-    ///
-    /// Takes sequence of operand types which should be inserted
-    /// by invoking `to_le_bytes` method on it.
-    macro_rules! gen_insert {
-        (le_bytes: [$($lety:ident),* $(,)?]) => {
-            /// `insert!($thing, $obj, $type)` where
-            /// - `$thing`: Value you want to insert
-            /// - `$obj`: Code object
-            /// - `$type`: Type of inserted value
-            ///
-            /// Eg. `insert!(69_u8, obj, B);`
-            macro_rules! insert {
-                $(($thing:expr, $obj: expr, $lety) => {
-                    $obj.sections.text.extend($thing.to_le_bytes());
-                };)*
-
-                ($thing:expr, $obj:expr, A) => {
-                    $crate::ins::optypes::insert_reloc(
-                        $obj,
-                        $crate::object::RelocType::Abs64,
-                        $thing
-                    )?
-                };
-                ($thing:expr, $obj:expr, O) => {
-                    $crate::ins::optypes::insert_reloc(
-                        $obj,
-                        $crate::object::RelocType::Rel32,
-                        $thing
-                    )?
-                };
-                ($thing:expr, $obj:expr, P) => {
-                    $crate::ins::optypes::insert_reloc(
-                        $obj,
-                        $crate::object::RelocType::Rel16,
-                        $thing
-                    )?
-                };
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-    gen_insert!(le_bytes: [R, B, H, W, D]);
-
-    #[allow(clippy::single_component_path_imports)]
-    pub(super) use insert;
-
-    use crate::data::DataRef;
-}
-
-/// Rhai Types (types for function parameters as Rhai uses only 64bit signed integers)
-pub mod rity {
-    pub use super::optypes::{A, O, P, R};
-    pub type B = i64;
-    pub type H = i64;
-    pub type W = i64;
-    pub type D = i64;
-}
-
-/// Generic instruction (instruction of certain operands type) inserts
-pub mod generic {
-    use {crate::object::Object, rhai::EvalAltResult};
-
-    pub(super) fn convert_op<A, B>(from: A) -> Result<B, EvalAltResult>
-    where
-        B: TryFrom<A>,
-        <B as TryFrom<A>>::Error: std::error::Error + Sync + Send + 'static,
-    {
-        B::try_from(from).map_err(|e| {
-            EvalAltResult::ErrorSystem("Data conversion error".to_owned(), Box::new(e))
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Generate opcode-generic instruction insert macro
-    macro_rules! gen_ins {
-        ($($($name:ident : $ty:ty),*;)*) => {
-            paste::paste! {
-                $(
-                    /// Instruction-generic opcode insertion function
-                    /// - `obj`: Code object
-                    /// - `opcode`: opcode, not checked if valid for instruction type
-                    /// - … for operands
-                    #[inline]
-                    pub fn [<$($ty:lower)*>](
-                        obj: &mut Object,
-                        opcode: u8,
-                        $($name: $crate::ins::optypes::$ty),*,
-                    ) -> Result<(), EvalAltResult> {
-                        // Push opcode
-                        obj.sections.text.push(opcode);
-
-                        // Insert based on type
-                        $($crate::ins::optypes::insert!(&$name, obj, $ty);)*
-                        Ok(())
-                    }
-                )*
-
-                /// Generate Rhai opcode-specific instruction insertion functions
-                ///
-                /// `gen_ins_fn!($obj, $opcode, $optype);` where:
-                /// - `$obj`: Code object
-                /// - `$opcode`: Opcode value
-                macro_rules! gen_ins_fn {
-                    $(
-                        ($obj:expr, $opcode:expr, [<$($ty)*>]) => {
-                            // Opcode-specific insertion function
-                            // - Parameters = operands
-                            move |$($name: $crate::ins::rity::$ty),*| {
-                                // Invoke generic function
-                                $crate::ins::generic::[<$($ty:lower)*>](
-                                    &mut *$obj.borrow_mut(),
-                                    $opcode,
-                                    $(
-                                        // Convert to desired type (from Rhai-provided values)
-                                        $crate::ins::generic::convert_op::<     
-                                            _,
-                                            $crate::ins::optypes::$ty
-                                        >($name)?
-                                    ),*
-                                )?;
-                                Ok(())
-                            }
-                        };
-
-                        // Internal-use: count args
-                        (@arg_count [<$($ty)*>]) => {
-                            { ["", $(stringify!($ty)),*].len() - 1 }
-                        };
-                    )*
-
-                    // Specialisation for no-operand instructions
-                    ($obj:expr, $opcode:expr, N) => {
-                        move || {
-                            $crate::ins::generic::n(&mut *$obj.borrow_mut(), $opcode);
-                            Ok(())
-                        }
-                    };
-
-                    // Internal-use specialisation: no-operand instructions
-                    (@arg_count N) => {
-                        { 0 }
-                    };
-                }
-            }
-        };
-    }
-
-    /// Specialisation for no-operand instructions – simply just push opcode
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn n(obj: &mut Object, opcode: u8) {
-        obj.sections.text.push(opcode);
-    }
-
-    // Generate opcode-generic instruction inserters
-    // (operand identifiers are arbitrary)
-    //
-    // New instruction types have to be added manually here
-    gen_ins! {
-        o0: R, o1: R;
-        o0: R, o1: R, o2: R;
-        o0: R, o1: R, o2: R, o3: R;
-        o0: R, o1: R, o2: B;
-        o0: R, o1: R, o2: H;
-        o0: R, o1: R, o2: W;
-        o0: R, o1: R, o2: D;
-        o0: R, o1: B;
-        o0: R, o1: H;
-        o0: R, o1: W;
-        o0: R, o1: D;
-        o0: R, o1: R, o2: A;
-        o0: R, o1: R, o2: A, o3: H;
-        o0: R, o1: R, o2: O, o3: H;
-        o0: R, o1: R, o2: P, o3: H;
-        o0: R, o1: R, o2: O;
-        o0: R, o1: R, o2: P;
-        o0: O;
-        o0: P;
-    }
-
-    #[allow(clippy::single_component_path_imports)]
-    pub(super) use gen_ins_fn;
-}
-
-/// Generate instructions from instruction table
-///
-/// ```ignore
-/// instructions!(($module, $obj) {
-///     // Data from instruction table
-///     $opcode, $mnemonic, $opty, $doc;
-///     …
-/// });
-/// ```
-/// - `$module`: Rhai module
-/// - `$obj`: Code object
-macro_rules! instructions {
-    (
-        ($module:expr, $obj:expr $(,)?)
-        { $($opcode:expr, $mnemonic:ident, $ops:tt, $doc:literal;)* }
-    ) => {{
-        paste::paste! {
-            let (module, obj) = ($module, $obj);
-            $({
-                // Object is shared across all functions
-                let obj = Rc::clone(&obj);
-
-                // Register newly generated function for each instruction
-                FuncRegistration::new(stringify!([<$mnemonic:lower>]))
-                    .with_namespace(rhai::FnNamespace::Global)
-                    .set_into_module::<_, { generic::gen_ins_fn!(@arg_count $ops) }, false, _, true, _>(
-                        module,
-                        generic::gen_ins_fn!(
-                            obj,
-                            $opcode,
-                            $ops
-                        )
-                    );
-            })*
-        }
-    }};
-}
-
-/// Setup instruction insertors
-pub fn setup(module: &mut Module, obj: Rc<RefCell<Object>>) {
-    // Import instructions table and use it for generation
-    with_builtin_macros::with_builtin! {
-        let $spec = include_from_root!("../hbbytecode/instructions.in") in {
-            instructions!((module, obj) { $spec });
-        }
-    }
-}

hbasm/src/label.rs

@@ -1,112 +0,0 @@
-//! Stuff related to labels
-
-use {
-    crate::SharedObject,
-    rhai::{Engine, FuncRegistration, ImmutableString, Module},
-};
-
-/// Macro for creating functions for Rhai which
-/// is bit more friendly
-///
-/// ```ignore
-///     shdm_fns!{
-///         module: $module;
-///         shared: $shared => $shname;
-///         
-///         $vis fn $name($param_name: $param_ty, …) -> $ret { … }
-///         …
-///     }
-/// ```
-/// - `$module`: Rhai module
-/// - `$shared`: Data to be shared across the functions
-///     - `$shname`: The binding name inside functions
-/// - `$vis`: Function visibility for Rhai
-///     - Lowercased [`rhai::FnNamespace`] variants
-/// - `$name`: Function name
-/// - `$param_name`: Parameter name
-/// - `$param_ty`: Rust parameter type
-/// - `$ret`: Optional return type (otherwise infer)
-macro_rules! shdm_fns {
-    (
-        module: $module:expr;
-        shared: $shared:expr => $shname:ident;
-
-        $(
-            $vis:ident fn $name:ident($($param_name:ident: $param_ty:ty),*) $(-> $ret:ty)? $blk:block
-        )*
-    ) => {{
-        let module = $module;
-        let shared = $shared;
-        paste::paste! {
-            $({
-
-                let $shname = SharedObject::clone(&shared);
-    
-                FuncRegistration::new(stringify!($name))
-                    .with_namespace(rhai::FnNamespace::[<$vis:camel>])
-                    .set_into_module::<_, { ["", $(stringify!($param_name)),*].len() - 1 }, false, _, true, _>(
-                        module,
-                        move |$($param_name: $param_ty),*| $(-> $ret)? {
-                            let mut $shname = $shname.borrow_mut();
-                            $blk
-                        }
-                    );
-            })*
-        }
-    }};
-}
-
-/// Label without any place bound
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub struct UnboundLabel(pub usize);
-
-pub fn setup(engine: &mut Engine, module: &mut Module, object: SharedObject) {
-    shdm_fns! {
-        module: module;
-        shared: object => obj;
-
-        // Insert unnamed label
-        global fn label() {
-            let symbol = obj.symbol(crate::object::Section::Text);
-            Ok(symbol)
-        }
-
-        // Insert string-labeled label
-        global fn label(label: ImmutableString) {
-            let symbol = obj.symbol(crate::object::Section::Text);
-            obj.labels.insert(label, symbol.0);
-
-            Ok(symbol)
-        }
-
-        // Declare unbound label (to be bound later)
-        global fn declabel() {
-            let index = obj.symbols.len();
-            obj.symbols.push(None);
-
-            Ok(UnboundLabel(index))
-        }
-
-        // Declare unbound label (to be bound later)
-        // with string label
-        global fn declabel(label: ImmutableString) {
-            let index = obj.symbols.len();
-            obj.symbols.push(None);
-            obj.labels.insert(label, index);
-
-            Ok(UnboundLabel(index))
-        }
-
-        // Set location for unbound label
-        global fn here(label: UnboundLabel) {
-            obj.symbols[label.0] = Some(crate::object::SymbolEntry {
-                location: crate::object::Section::Text,
-                offset:   obj.sections.text.len(),
-            });
-
-            Ok(())
-        }
-    }
-
-    engine.register_type_with_name::<UnboundLabel>("UnboundLabel");
-}

hbasm/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-pub mod data;
-pub mod ins;
-pub mod label;
-pub mod linker;
-pub mod object;
-
-use {
-    object::Object,
-    rhai::{Engine, Module},
-    std::{cell::RefCell, rc::Rc},
-};
-
-type SharedObject = Rc<RefCell<Object>>;
-
-pub fn assembler(
-    linkout: &mut impl std::io::Write,
-    loader: impl FnOnce(&mut Engine) -> Result<(), Box<rhai::EvalAltResult>>,
-) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    let mut engine = Engine::new();
-    let mut module = Module::new();
-    let obj = Rc::new(RefCell::new(Object::default()));
-    ins::setup(&mut module, Rc::clone(&obj));
-    label::setup(&mut engine, &mut module, Rc::clone(&obj));
-
-    // Registers
-    for n in 0_u8..=255 {
-        module.set_var(format!("r{n}"), n);
-    }
-
-    module.set_native_fn("reg", |n: i64| {
-        Ok(u8::try_from(n).map_err(|_| {
-            rhai::EvalAltResult::ErrorRuntime("Invalid register value".into(), rhai::Position::NONE)
-        })?)
-    });
-
-    module.set_native_fn("as_i64", |n: u8| Ok(n as i64));
-
-    let datamod = Rc::new(data::module(&mut engine, SharedObject::clone(&obj)));
-    engine.register_global_module(Rc::new(module));
-    engine.register_static_module("data", datamod);
-    engine.register_type_with_name::<object::SymbolRef>("SymbolRef");
-    loader(&mut engine)?;
-    linker::link(obj, linkout)?;
-    Ok(())
-}

hbasm/src/linker.rs

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-//! Simple flat-bytecode linker
-
-use {
-    crate::{
-        object::{RelocKey, RelocType, Section},
-        SharedObject,
-    },
-    std::io::Write,
-};
-
-pub fn link(object: SharedObject, out: &mut impl Write) -> std::io::Result<()> {
-    let obj = &mut *object.borrow_mut();
-
-    // Walk relocation table entries
-    for (&loc, entry) in &obj.relocs {
-        let value = match &entry.key {
-            // Symbol – direct reference
-            RelocKey::Symbol(sym) => obj.symbols[*sym],
-
-            // Label – indirect label reference
-            RelocKey::Label(label) => obj.symbols[obj.labels[label]],
-        }
-        .ok_or_else(|| std::io::Error::other("Invalid symbol"))?;
-
-        let offset = match value.location {
-            // Text section is on the beginning
-            Section::Text => value.offset,
-
-            // Data section follows text section immediately
-            Section::Data => value.offset + obj.sections.text.len(),
-        };
-
-        // Insert address or calulate relative offset
-        match entry.ty {
-            RelocType::Rel32 => obj.sections.text[loc..loc + 4]
-                .copy_from_slice(&((offset as isize - loc as isize) as i32).to_le_bytes()),
-            RelocType::Rel16 => obj.sections.text[loc..loc + 2]
-                .copy_from_slice(&((offset as isize - loc as isize) as i16).to_le_bytes()),
-            RelocType::Abs64 => obj.sections.text[loc..loc + 8]
-                .copy_from_slice(&(offset as isize - loc as isize).to_le_bytes()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Write to output
-    out.write_all(&obj.sections.text)?;
-    out.write_all(&obj.sections.data)
-}

hbasm/src/main.rs

@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-use std::{io::stdout, path::PathBuf};
-
-fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
-    let path = PathBuf::from(std::env::args().nth(1).ok_or("Missing path")?);
-    hbasm::assembler(&mut stdout(), |engine| engine.run_file(path))?;
-    
-    Ok(())
-}

hbasm/src/object.rs

@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-//! Code object
-
-use {rhai::ImmutableString, std::collections::HashMap};
-
-/// Section tabel
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum Section {
-    Text,
-    Data,
-}
-
-/// Symbol entry (in what section, where)
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub struct SymbolEntry {
-    pub location: Section,
-    pub offset:   usize,
-}
-
-/// Relocation table key
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub enum RelocKey {
-    /// Direct reference
-    Symbol(usize),
-    /// Indirect reference
-    Label(ImmutableString),
-}
-
-/// Relocation type
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-pub enum RelocType {
-    Rel32,
-    Rel16,
-    Abs64,
-}
-
-/// Relocation table entry
-#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct RelocEntry {
-    pub key: RelocKey,
-    pub ty:  RelocType,
-}
-
-/// Object code
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
-pub struct Sections {
-    pub text: Vec<u8>,
-    pub data: Vec<u8>,
-}
-
-/// Object
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default)]
-pub struct Object {
-    /// Vectors with sections
-    pub sections: Sections,
-    /// Symbol table
-    pub symbols:  Vec<Option<SymbolEntry>>,
-    /// Labels to symbols table
-    pub labels:   HashMap<ImmutableString, usize>,
-    /// Relocation table
-    pub relocs:   HashMap<usize, RelocEntry>,
-}
-
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-#[repr(transparent)]
-pub struct SymbolRef(pub usize);
-
-impl Object {
-    /// Insert symbol at current location in specified section
-    pub fn symbol(&mut self, section: Section) -> SymbolRef {
-        let section_buf = match section {
-            Section::Text => &mut self.sections.text,
-            Section::Data => &mut self.sections.data,
-        };
-
-        self.symbols.push(Some(SymbolEntry {
-            location: section,
-            offset:   section_buf.len(),
-        }));
-
-        SymbolRef(self.symbols.len() - 1)
-    }
-
-    /// Insert to relocation table and write zeroes to code
-    pub fn relocation(&mut self, key: RelocKey, ty: RelocType) {
-        self.relocs
-            .insert(self.sections.text.len(), RelocEntry { key, ty });
-
-        self.sections.text.extend(match ty {
-            RelocType::Rel32 => &[0_u8; 4] as &[u8],
-            RelocType::Rel16 => &[0; 2],
-            RelocType::Abs64 => &[0; 8],
-        });
-    }
-}

hbbytecode/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
-#![no_std]
-
-use core::convert::TryFrom;
-
-type OpR = u8;
-
-type OpA = u64;
-type OpO = i32;
-type OpP = i16;
-
-type OpB = u8;
-type OpH = u16;
-type OpW = u32;
-type OpD = u64;
-
-/// # Safety
-/// Has to be valid to be decoded from bytecode.
-pub unsafe trait BytecodeItem {}
-macro_rules! define_items {
-    ($($name:ident ($($nm:ident: $item:ident),* $(,)?)),* $(,)?) => {
-        $(
-            #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-            #[repr(packed)]
-            pub struct $name($(pub $item),*);
-            unsafe impl BytecodeItem for $name {}
-
-            impl Encodable for $name {
-                fn encode(self, _buffer: &mut impl Buffer) {
-                    let Self($($nm),*) = self;
-                    $(
-                        for byte in $nm.to_le_bytes() {
-                            unsafe { _buffer.write(byte) };
-                        }
-                    )*
-                }
-
-                fn encode_len(self) -> usize {
-                    core::mem::size_of::<Self>()
-                }
-            }
-        )*
-    };
-}
-
-define_items! {
-    OpsRR   (a: OpR, b: OpR                ),
-    OpsRRR  (a: OpR, b: OpR, c: OpR        ),
-    OpsRRRR (a: OpR, b: OpR, c: OpR, d: OpR),
-    OpsRRB  (a: OpR, b: OpR, c: OpB        ),
-    OpsRRH  (a: OpR, b: OpR, c: OpH        ),
-    OpsRRW  (a: OpR, b: OpR, c: OpW        ),
-    OpsRRD  (a: OpR, b: OpR, c: OpD        ),
-    OpsRB   (a: OpR, b: OpB                ),
-    OpsRH   (a: OpR, b: OpH                ),
-    OpsRW   (a: OpR, b: OpW                ),
-    OpsRD   (a: OpR, b: OpD                ),
-    OpsRRA  (a: OpR, b: OpR, c: OpA        ),
-    OpsRRAH (a: OpR, b: OpR, c: OpA, d: OpH),
-    OpsRROH (a: OpR, b: OpR, c: OpO, d: OpH),
-    OpsRRPH (a: OpR, b: OpR, c: OpP, d: OpH),
-    OpsRRO  (a: OpR, b: OpR, c: OpO        ),
-    OpsRRP  (a: OpR, b: OpR, c: OpP        ),
-    OpsO    (a: OpO,                       ),
-    OpsP    (a: OpP,                       ),
-    OpsN    (                              ),
-}
-
-unsafe impl BytecodeItem for u8 {}
-
-::with_builtin_macros::with_builtin! {
-    let $spec = include_from_root!("instructions.in") in {
-        /// Invoke macro with bytecode definition
-        ///
-        /// # Format
-        /// ```text
-        /// Opcode, Mnemonic, Type, Docstring;
-        /// ```
-        ///
-        /// # Type
-        /// ```text
-        /// Types consist of letters meaning a single field
-        /// | Type | Size (B) | Meaning                 |
-        /// |:-----|:---------|:------------------------|
-        /// | N    | 0        | Empty                   |
-        /// | R    | 1        | Register                |
-        /// | A    | 8        | Absolute address        |
-        /// | O    | 4        | Relative address offset |
-        /// | P    | 2        | Relative address offset |
-        /// | B    | 1        | Immediate               |
-        /// | H    | 2        | Immediate               |
-        /// | W    | 4        | Immediate               |
-        /// | D    | 8        | Immediate               |
-        /// ```
-        #[macro_export]
-        macro_rules! invoke_with_def {
-            ($($macro:tt)*) => {
-                $($macro)*! { $spec }
-            };
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-pub trait Buffer {
-    fn reserve(&mut self, bytes: usize);
-    /// # Safety
-    /// Reserve needs to be called before this function, and only reserved amount can be written.
-    unsafe fn write(&mut self, byte: u8);
-}
-
-pub trait Encodable {
-    fn encode(self, buffer: &mut impl Buffer);
-    fn encode_len(self) -> usize;
-}
-
-macro_rules! gen_opcodes {
-    ($($opcode:expr, $mnemonic:ident, $ty:ident, $doc:literal;)*) => {
-        pub mod opcode {
-            $(
-                #[doc = $doc]
-                pub const $mnemonic: u8 = $opcode;
-            )*
-
-            paste::paste! {
-                #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
-                #[repr(u8)]
-                pub enum Op { $(
-                    [< $mnemonic:lower:camel >](super::[<Ops $ty>]),
-                )* }
-
-                impl Op {
-                    pub fn size(&self) -> usize {
-                        (match self {
-                            $(Self::[<$mnemonic:lower:camel>] { .. } => core::mem::size_of::<super::[<Ops $ty>]>(),)*
-                        }) + 1
-                    }
-                }
-
-                impl crate::Encodable for Op {
-                    fn encode(self, buffer: &mut impl crate::Buffer) {
-                        match self {
-                            $(
-                                Self::[< $mnemonic:lower:camel >](op) => {
-                                    unsafe { buffer.write($opcode) };
-                                    op.encode(buffer);
-                                }
-                            )*
-                        }
-                    }
-
-                    fn encode_len(self) -> usize {
-                        match self {
-                            $(
-                                Self::[< $mnemonic:lower:camel >](op) => {
-                                    1 + crate::Encodable::encode_len(op)
-                                }
-                            )*
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    };
-}
-
-/// Rounding mode
-#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-#[repr(u8)]
-pub enum RoundingMode {
-    NearestEven = 0,
-    Truncate = 1,
-    Up       = 2,
-    Down     = 3,
-}
-
-impl TryFrom<u8> for RoundingMode {
-    type Error = ();
-
-    fn try_from(value: u8) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
-        (value <= 3)
-            .then(|| unsafe { core::mem::transmute(value) })
-            .ok_or(())
-    }
-}
-
-invoke_with_def!(gen_opcodes);

hbxrt/src/mem.rs

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-use std::alloc::Layout;
-
-use hbvm::mem::{Address, LoadError, Memory, StoreError};
-
-pub struct HostMemory;
-impl Memory for HostMemory {
-    #[inline]
-    unsafe fn load(
-        &mut self,
-        addr: Address,
-        target: *mut u8,
-        count: usize,
-    ) -> Result<(), LoadError> {
-        unsafe { core::ptr::copy(addr.get() as *const u8, target, count) }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    unsafe fn store(
-        &mut self,
-        addr: Address,
-        source: *const u8,
-        count: usize,
-    ) -> Result<(), StoreError> {
-        unsafe { core::ptr::copy(source, addr.get() as *mut u8, count) }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    unsafe fn prog_read<T: Copy>(&mut self, addr: Address) -> T {
-        unsafe { core::ptr::read(addr.get() as *const T) }
-    }
-}
-
-const STACK_SIZE: usize = 2; // MiB
-type Stack = [u8; 1024 * 1024 * STACK_SIZE];
-
-/// Allocate stack of size [`STACK_SIZE`] MiB
-pub unsafe fn alloc_stack() -> Box<Stack> {
-    let layout = Layout::new::<Stack>();
-    let ptr = unsafe { std::alloc::alloc(layout) };
-    if ptr.is_null() {
-        std::alloc::handle_alloc_error(layout);
-    }
-
-    unsafe { Box::from_raw(ptr.cast()) }
-}

lang/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+[package]
+name = "hblang"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "hbc"
+path = "src/main.rs"
+
+[[bin]]
+name = "fuzz"
+path = "src/fuzz_main.rs"
+
+[dependencies]
+hashbrown = { version = "0.15.0", default-features = false, features = ["raw-entry", "allocator-api2"] }
+hbbytecode = { workspace = true, features = ["disasm"] }
+hbvm = { workspace = true, features = ["nightly"] }
+log = "0.4.22"
+
+[dependencies.regalloc2]
+git = "https://github.com/jakubDoka/regalloc2"
+branch = "reuse-allocations"
+default-features = false
+
+[features]
+default = ["std", "regalloc2/trace-log"]
+std = []
+no_log = ["log/max_level_off"]

lang/command-help.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+--fmt            - format all imported source files
+--fmt-stdout     - dont write the formatted file but print it
+--dump-asm       - output assembly instead of raw code, (the assembly is more for debugging the compiler)
+--threads <1...> - number of extra threads compiler can use [default: 0]

lang/src/fmt.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,526 @@
+use {
+    crate::{
+        lexer::{self, Lexer, TokenKind},
+        parser::{self, CommentOr, CtorField, Expr, Poser, Radix, StructField},
+    },
+    core::fmt::{self},
+};
+
+pub fn display_radix(radix: Radix, mut value: u64, buf: &mut [u8; 64]) -> &str {
+    fn conv_radix(d: u8) -> u8 {
+        match d {
+            0..=9 => d + b'0',
+            _ => d - 10 + b'A',
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (i, b) in buf.iter_mut().enumerate().rev() {
+        let d = (value % radix as u64) as u8;
+        value /= radix as u64;
+        *b = conv_radix(d);
+        if value == 0 {
+            return unsafe { core::str::from_utf8_unchecked(&buf[i..]) };
+        }
+    }
+
+    unreachable!()
+}
+
+pub fn minify(source: &mut str) -> usize {
+    fn needs_space(c: u8) -> bool {
+        matches!(c, b'a'..=b'z' | b'A'..=b'Z' | b'0'..=b'9' | 127..)
+    }
+
+    let mut writer = source.as_mut_ptr();
+    let mut reader = &source[..];
+    let mut prev_needs_whitecpace = false;
+    let mut prev_needs_newline = false;
+    loop {
+        let mut token = lexer::Lexer::new(reader).eat();
+        match token.kind {
+            TokenKind::Eof => break,
+            TokenKind::CtIdent | TokenKind::Directive => token.start -= 1,
+            _ => {}
+        }
+
+        let cpy_len = token.range().len();
+
+        let mut prefix = 0;
+        if prev_needs_whitecpace && needs_space(reader.as_bytes()[token.start as usize]) {
+            prefix = b' ';
+            debug_assert!(token.start != 0, "{reader}");
+        }
+        prev_needs_whitecpace = needs_space(reader.as_bytes()[token.end as usize - 1]);
+
+        let inbetween_new_lines =
+            reader[..token.start as usize].bytes().filter(|&b| b == b'\n').count()
+                + token.kind.precedence().is_some() as usize;
+        let extra_prefix_new_lines = if inbetween_new_lines > 1 {
+            1 + token.kind.precedence().is_none() as usize
+        } else {
+            prev_needs_newline as usize
+        };
+
+        if token.kind == TokenKind::Comment && reader.as_bytes()[token.end as usize - 1] != b'/' {
+            prev_needs_newline = true;
+            prev_needs_whitecpace = false;
+        } else {
+            prev_needs_newline = false;
+        }
+
+        let sstr = reader[token.start as usize..].as_ptr();
+        reader = &reader[token.end as usize..];
+        unsafe {
+            if extra_prefix_new_lines != 0 {
+                for _ in 0..extra_prefix_new_lines {
+                    writer.write(b'\n');
+                    writer = writer.add(1);
+                }
+            } else if prefix != 0 {
+                writer.write(prefix);
+                writer = writer.add(1);
+            }
+            writer.copy_from(sstr, cpy_len);
+            writer = writer.add(cpy_len);
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe { writer.sub_ptr(source.as_mut_ptr()) }
+}
+
+pub struct Formatter<'a> {
+    source: &'a str,
+    depth: usize,
+}
+
+// we exclusively use `write_str` to reduce bloat
+impl<'a> Formatter<'a> {
+    pub fn new(source: &'a str) -> Self {
+        Self { source, depth: 0 }
+    }
+
+    fn fmt_list<T: Poser, F: core::fmt::Write>(
+        &mut self,
+        f: &mut F,
+        trailing: bool,
+        end: &str,
+        sep: &str,
+        list: &[T],
+        fmt: impl Fn(&mut Self, &T, &mut F) -> fmt::Result,
+    ) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.fmt_list_low(f, trailing, end, sep, list, |s, v, f| {
+            fmt(s, v, f)?;
+            Ok(true)
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn fmt_list_low<T: Poser, F: core::fmt::Write>(
+        &mut self,
+        f: &mut F,
+        trailing: bool,
+        end: &str,
+        sep: &str,
+        list: &[T],
+        fmt: impl Fn(&mut Self, &T, &mut F) -> Result<bool, fmt::Error>,
+    ) -> fmt::Result {
+        if !trailing {
+            let mut first = true;
+            for expr in list {
+                if !core::mem::take(&mut first) {
+                    f.write_str(sep)?;
+                    f.write_str(" ")?;
+                }
+                first = !fmt(self, expr, f)?;
+            }
+            return f.write_str(end);
+        }
+
+        writeln!(f)?;
+        self.depth += 1;
+        let res = (|| {
+            for (i, stmt) in list.iter().enumerate() {
+                for _ in 0..self.depth {
+                    f.write_str("\t")?;
+                }
+                let add_sep = fmt(self, stmt, f)?;
+                if add_sep {
+                    f.write_str(sep)?;
+                }
+                if let Some(expr) = list.get(i + 1)
+                    && let Some(rest) = self.source.get(expr.posi() as usize..)
+                {
+                    if insert_needed_semicolon(rest) {
+                        f.write_str(";")?;
+                    }
+                    if preserve_newlines(&self.source[..expr.posi() as usize]) > 1 {
+                        f.write_str("\n")?;
+                    }
+                }
+                if add_sep {
+                    f.write_str("\n")?;
+                }
+            }
+            Ok(())
+        })();
+        self.depth -= 1;
+
+        for _ in 0..self.depth {
+            f.write_str("\t")?;
+        }
+        f.write_str(end)?;
+        res
+    }
+
+    fn fmt_paren<F: core::fmt::Write>(
+        &mut self,
+        expr: &Expr,
+        f: &mut F,
+        cond: impl FnOnce(&Expr) -> bool,
+    ) -> fmt::Result {
+        if cond(expr) {
+            f.write_str("(")?;
+            self.fmt(expr, f)?;
+            f.write_str(")")
+        } else {
+            self.fmt(expr, f)
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn fmt<F: core::fmt::Write>(&mut self, expr: &Expr, f: &mut F) -> fmt::Result {
+        macro_rules! impl_parenter {
+            ($($name:ident => $pat:pat,)*) => {
+                $(
+                    let $name = |e: &Expr| matches!(e, $pat);
+                )*
+            };
+        }
+
+        impl_parenter! {
+            unary => Expr::BinOp { .. },
+            postfix => Expr::UnOp { .. } | Expr::BinOp { .. },
+            consecutive => Expr::UnOp { .. },
+        }
+
+        match *expr {
+            Expr::Ct { value, .. } => {
+                f.write_str("$: ")?;
+                self.fmt(value, f)
+            }
+            Expr::String { literal, .. } => f.write_str(literal),
+            Expr::Comment { literal, .. } => f.write_str(literal),
+            Expr::Mod { path, .. } => write!(f, "@use(\"{path}\")"),
+            Expr::Embed { path, .. } => write!(f, "@embed(\"{path}\")"),
+            Expr::Field { target, name: field, .. } => {
+                self.fmt_paren(target, f, postfix)?;
+                f.write_str(".")?;
+                f.write_str(field)
+            }
+            Expr::Directive { name, args, .. } => {
+                f.write_str("@")?;
+                f.write_str(name)?;
+                f.write_str("(")?;
+                self.fmt_list(f, false, ")", ",", args, Self::fmt)
+            }
+            Expr::Struct { fields, trailing_comma, packed, .. } => {
+                if packed {
+                    f.write_str("packed ")?;
+                }
+
+                write!(f, "struct {{")?;
+                self.fmt_list_low(f, trailing_comma, "}", ",", fields, |s, field, f| {
+                    match field {
+                        CommentOr::Or(StructField { name, ty, .. }) => {
+                            f.write_str(name)?;
+                            f.write_str(": ")?;
+                            s.fmt(ty, f)?
+                        }
+                        CommentOr::Comment { literal, .. } => {
+                            f.write_str(literal)?;
+                            f.write_str("\n")?;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Ok(field.or().is_some())
+                })
+            }
+            Expr::Ctor { ty, fields, trailing_comma, .. } => {
+                if let Some(ty) = ty {
+                    self.fmt_paren(ty, f, unary)?;
+                }
+                f.write_str(".{")?;
+                self.fmt_list(
+                    f,
+                    trailing_comma,
+                    "}",
+                    ",",
+                    fields,
+                    |s: &mut Self, CtorField { name, value, .. }: &_, f| {
+                        f.write_str(name)?;
+                        if !matches!(value, &Expr::Ident { id, .. } if *name == &self.source[id.range()]) {
+                            f.write_str(": ")?;
+                            s.fmt(value, f)?;
+                        }
+                        Ok(())
+                    },
+                )
+            }
+            Expr::Tupl {
+                pos,
+                ty: Some(&Expr::Slice { pos: spos, size: Some(&Expr::Number { value, .. }), item }),
+                fields,
+                trailing_comma,
+            } if value as usize == fields.len() => self.fmt(
+                &Expr::Tupl {
+                    pos,
+                    ty: Some(&Expr::Slice { pos: spos, size: None, item }),
+                    fields,
+                    trailing_comma,
+                },
+                f,
+            ),
+            Expr::Tupl { ty, fields, trailing_comma, .. } => {
+                if let Some(ty) = ty {
+                    self.fmt_paren(ty, f, unary)?;
+                }
+                f.write_str(".(")?;
+                self.fmt_list(f, trailing_comma, ")", ",", fields, Self::fmt)
+            }
+            Expr::Slice { item, size, .. } => {
+                f.write_str("[")?;
+                self.fmt(item, f)?;
+                if let Some(size) = size {
+                    f.write_str("; ")?;
+                    self.fmt(size, f)?;
+                }
+                f.write_str("]")
+            }
+            Expr::Index { base, index } => {
+                self.fmt(base, f)?;
+                f.write_str("[")?;
+                self.fmt(index, f)?;
+                f.write_str("]")
+            }
+            Expr::UnOp { op, val, .. } => {
+                f.write_str(op.name())?;
+                self.fmt_paren(val, f, unary)
+            }
+            Expr::Break { .. } => f.write_str("break"),
+            Expr::Continue { .. } => f.write_str("continue"),
+            Expr::If { cond, then, else_, .. } => {
+                f.write_str("if ")?;
+                self.fmt(cond, f)?;
+                f.write_str(" ")?;
+                self.fmt_paren(then, f, consecutive)?;
+                if let Some(e) = else_ {
+                    f.write_str(" else ")?;
+                    self.fmt(e, f)?;
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Expr::Loop { body, .. } => {
+                f.write_str("loop ")?;
+                self.fmt(body, f)
+            }
+            Expr::Closure { ret, body, args, .. } => {
+                f.write_str("fn(")?;
+                self.fmt_list(f, false, "", ",", args, |s, arg, f| {
+                    if arg.is_ct {
+                        f.write_str("$")?;
+                    }
+                    f.write_str(arg.name)?;
+                    f.write_str(": ")?;
+                    s.fmt(&arg.ty, f)
+                })?;
+                f.write_str("): ")?;
+                self.fmt(ret, f)?;
+                f.write_str(" ")?;
+                self.fmt_paren(body, f, consecutive)?;
+                Ok(())
+            }
+            Expr::Call { func, args, trailing_comma } => {
+                self.fmt_paren(func, f, postfix)?;
+                f.write_str("(")?;
+                self.fmt_list(f, trailing_comma, ")", ",", args, Self::fmt)
+            }
+            Expr::Return { val: Some(val), .. } => {
+                f.write_str("return ")?;
+                self.fmt(val, f)
+            }
+            Expr::Return { val: None, .. } => f.write_str("return"),
+            Expr::Wildcard { .. } => f.write_str("_"),
+            Expr::Ident { pos, is_ct, .. } => {
+                if is_ct {
+                    f.write_str("$")?;
+                }
+                f.write_str(&self.source[Lexer::restore(self.source, pos).eat().range()])
+            }
+            Expr::Block { stmts, .. } => {
+                f.write_str("{")?;
+                self.fmt_list(f, true, "}", "", stmts, Self::fmt)
+            }
+            Expr::Number { value, radix, .. } => {
+                f.write_str(match radix {
+                    Radix::Decimal => "",
+                    Radix::Hex => "0x",
+                    Radix::Octal => "0o",
+                    Radix::Binary => "0b",
+                })?;
+                let mut buf = [0u8; 64];
+                f.write_str(display_radix(radix, value as u64, &mut buf))
+            }
+            Expr::Float { pos, .. } => {
+                f.write_str(&self.source[Lexer::restore(self.source, pos).eat().range()])
+            }
+            Expr::Bool { value, .. } => f.write_str(if value { "true" } else { "false" }),
+            Expr::Idk { .. } => f.write_str("idk"),
+            Expr::Die { .. } => f.write_str("die"),
+            Expr::Null { .. } => f.write_str("null"),
+            Expr::BinOp {
+                left,
+                op: TokenKind::Assign,
+                right: &Expr::BinOp { left: lleft, op, right, .. },
+                ..
+            } if left.pos() == lleft.pos() => {
+                self.fmt(left, f)?;
+                f.write_str(" ")?;
+                f.write_str(op.name())?;
+                f.write_str("= ")?;
+                self.fmt(right, f)
+            }
+            Expr::BinOp { right, op, left, .. } => {
+                let prec_miss_left = |e: &Expr| {
+                    matches!(
+                        e, Expr::BinOp { op: lop, .. } if op.precedence() > lop.precedence()
+                    )
+                };
+                let prec_miss_right = |e: &Expr| {
+                    matches!(
+                        e, Expr::BinOp { op: lop, .. }
+                            if (op.precedence() == lop.precedence() && !op.is_comutative())
+                                || op.precedence() > lop.precedence()
+                    )
+                };
+
+                self.fmt_paren(left, f, prec_miss_left)?;
+                if let Some(mut prev) = self.source.get(..right.pos() as usize) {
+                    prev = prev.trim_end();
+                    let estimate_bound =
+                        prev.rfind(|c: char| c.is_ascii_whitespace()).map_or(prev.len(), |i| i + 1);
+                    let exact_bound = lexer::Lexer::new(&prev[estimate_bound..]).last().start;
+                    prev = &prev[..exact_bound as usize + estimate_bound];
+                    if preserve_newlines(prev) > 0 {
+                        f.write_str("\n")?;
+                        for _ in 0..self.depth + 1 {
+                            f.write_str("\t")?;
+                        }
+                        f.write_str(op.name())?;
+                        f.write_str(" ")?;
+                    } else {
+                        f.write_str(" ")?;
+                        f.write_str(op.name())?;
+                        f.write_str(" ")?;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    f.write_str(" ")?;
+                    f.write_str(op.name())?;
+                    f.write_str(" ")?;
+                }
+                self.fmt_paren(right, f, prec_miss_right)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn preserve_newlines(source: &str) -> usize {
+    source[source.trim_end().len()..].bytes().filter(|&c| c == b'\n').count()
+}
+
+pub fn insert_needed_semicolon(source: &str) -> bool {
+    let kind = lexer::Lexer::new(source).eat().kind;
+    kind.precedence().is_some() || matches!(kind, TokenKind::Ctor | TokenKind::Tupl)
+}
+
+impl core::fmt::Display for parser::Ast {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt_file(self.exprs(), &self.file, f)
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn fmt_file(exprs: &[Expr], file: &str, f: &mut impl fmt::Write) -> fmt::Result {
+    for (i, expr) in exprs.iter().enumerate() {
+        Formatter::new(file).fmt(expr, f)?;
+        if let Some(expr) = exprs.get(i + 1)
+            && let Some(rest) = file.get(expr.pos() as usize..)
+        {
+            if insert_needed_semicolon(rest) {
+                write!(f, ";")?;
+            }
+
+            if preserve_newlines(&file[..expr.pos() as usize]) > 1 {
+                writeln!(f)?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if i + 1 != exprs.len() {
+            writeln!(f)?;
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod test {
+    use {
+        crate::parser::{self, Ctx},
+        alloc::borrow::ToOwned,
+        std::{fmt::Write, string::String},
+    };
+
+    pub fn format(ident: &str, input: &str) {
+        let mut minned = input.to_owned();
+        let len = crate::fmt::minify(&mut minned);
+        minned.truncate(len);
+
+        let mut ctx = Ctx::default();
+        let ast = parser::Ast::new(ident, minned, &mut ctx, &mut parser::no_loader);
+        let mut output = String::new();
+        write!(output, "{ast}").unwrap();
+
+        let input_path = format!("formatter_{ident}.expected");
+        let output_path = format!("formatter_{ident}.actual");
+        std::fs::write(&input_path, input).unwrap();
+        std::fs::write(&output_path, output).unwrap();
+
+        let success = std::process::Command::new("diff")
+            .arg("-u")
+            .arg("--color")
+            .arg(&input_path)
+            .arg(&output_path)
+            .status()
+            .unwrap()
+            .success();
+        std::fs::remove_file(&input_path).unwrap();
+        std::fs::remove_file(&output_path).unwrap();
+        assert!(success, "test failed");
+    }
+
+    macro_rules! test {
+        ($($name:ident => $input:expr;)*) => {$(
+            #[test]
+            fn $name() {
+                format(stringify!($name), $input);
+            }
+        )*};
+    }
+
+    test! {
+        comments => "// comment\n// comment\n\n// comment\n\n\
+            /* comment */\n/* comment */\n\n/* comment */";
+        some_ordinary_code => "loft := fn(): int return loft(1, 2, 3)";
+        some_arg_per_line_code => "loft := fn(): int return loft(\
+            \n\t1,\n\t2,\n\t3,\n)";
+        some_ordinary_struct => "loft := fn(): int return loft.{a: 1, b: 2}";
+        some_ordinary_fild_per_lin_struct => "loft := fn(): int return loft.{\
+            \n\ta: 1,\n\tb: 2,\n}";
+        code_block => "loft := fn(): int {\n\tloft()\n\treturn 1\n}";
+    }
+}

lang/src/fs.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,372 @@
+use {
+    crate::{
+        parser::{Ast, Ctx, FileKind},
+        son::{self, hbvm::HbvmBackend},
+        ty,
+    },
+    alloc::{string::String, vec::Vec},
+    core::{fmt::Write, num::NonZeroUsize, ops::Deref},
+    hashbrown::hash_map,
+    std::{
+        collections::VecDeque,
+        eprintln,
+        ffi::OsStr,
+        io::{self, Write as _},
+        path::{Path, PathBuf},
+        string::ToString,
+        sync::Mutex,
+    },
+};
+
+pub struct Logger;
+
+impl log::Log for Logger {
+    fn enabled(&self, _: &log::Metadata) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn log(&self, record: &log::Record) {
+        if self.enabled(record.metadata()) {
+            eprintln!("{}", record.args())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&self) {}
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Options {
+    pub fmt: bool,
+    pub fmt_stdout: bool,
+    pub dump_asm: bool,
+    pub extra_threads: usize,
+}
+
+impl Options {
+    pub fn from_args(args: &[&str], out: &mut Vec<u8>) -> std::io::Result<Self> {
+        if args.contains(&"--help") || args.contains(&"-h") {
+            writeln!(out, "Usage: hbc [OPTIONS...] <FILE>")?;
+            writeln!(out, include_str!("../command-help.txt"))?;
+            return Err(std::io::ErrorKind::Other.into());
+        }
+
+        Ok(Options {
+            fmt: args.contains(&"--fmt"),
+            fmt_stdout: args.contains(&"--fmt-stdout"),
+            dump_asm: args.contains(&"--dump-asm"),
+            extra_threads: args
+                .iter()
+                .position(|&a| a == "--threads")
+                .map(|i| {
+                    args[i + 1].parse::<NonZeroUsize>().map_err(|e| {
+                        writeln!(out, "--threads expects non zero integer: {e}")
+                            .err()
+                            .unwrap_or(std::io::ErrorKind::Other.into())
+                    })
+                })
+                .transpose()?
+                .map_or(1, NonZeroUsize::get)
+                - 1,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn run_compiler(root_file: &str, options: Options, out: &mut Vec<u8>) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    let parsed = parse_from_fs(options.extra_threads, root_file)?;
+
+    if (options.fmt || options.fmt_stdout) && !parsed.errors.is_empty() {
+        *out = parsed.errors.into_bytes();
+        return Err(std::io::Error::other("fmt fialed (errors are in out)"));
+    }
+
+    if options.fmt {
+        let mut output = String::new();
+        for ast in parsed.ast {
+            write!(output, "{ast}").unwrap();
+            if ast.file.deref().trim() != output.as_str().trim() {
+                std::fs::write(&*ast.path, &output)?;
+            }
+            output.clear();
+        }
+    } else if options.fmt_stdout {
+        write!(out, "{}", &parsed.ast[0])?;
+    } else {
+        let mut backend = HbvmBackend::default();
+        let mut ctx = crate::son::CodegenCtx::default();
+        *ctx.parser.errors.get_mut() = parsed.errors;
+        let mut codegen = son::Codegen::new(&mut backend, &parsed.ast, &mut ctx);
+
+        codegen.push_embeds(parsed.embeds);
+        codegen.generate(ty::Module::MAIN);
+
+        if !codegen.errors.borrow().is_empty() {
+            drop(codegen);
+            *out = ctx.parser.errors.into_inner().into_bytes();
+            return Err(std::io::Error::other("compilation faoled (errors are in out)"));
+        }
+
+        codegen.assemble(out);
+
+        if options.dump_asm {
+            let mut disasm = String::new();
+            codegen.disasm(&mut disasm, out).map_err(|e| io::Error::other(e.to_string()))?;
+            *out = disasm.into_bytes();
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+struct TaskQueue<T> {
+    inner: Mutex<TaskQueueInner<T>>,
+}
+
+impl<T> TaskQueue<T> {
+    fn new(max_waiters: usize) -> Self {
+        Self { inner: Mutex::new(TaskQueueInner::new(max_waiters)) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn push(&self, message: T) {
+        self.extend([message]);
+    }
+
+    pub fn extend(&self, messages: impl IntoIterator<Item = T>) {
+        self.inner.lock().unwrap().push(messages);
+    }
+
+    pub fn pop(&self) -> Option<T> {
+        TaskQueueInner::pop(&self.inner)
+    }
+}
+
+enum TaskSlot<T> {
+    Waiting,
+    Delivered(T),
+    Closed,
+}
+
+struct TaskQueueInner<T> {
+    max_waiters: usize,
+    messages: VecDeque<T>,
+    parked: VecDeque<(*mut TaskSlot<T>, std::thread::Thread)>,
+}
+
+unsafe impl<T: Send> Send for TaskQueueInner<T> {}
+unsafe impl<T: Send + Sync> Sync for TaskQueueInner<T> {}
+
+impl<T> TaskQueueInner<T> {
+    fn new(max_waiters: usize) -> Self {
+        Self { max_waiters, messages: Default::default(), parked: Default::default() }
+    }
+
+    fn push(&mut self, messages: impl IntoIterator<Item = T>) {
+        for msg in messages {
+            if let Some((dest, thread)) = self.parked.pop_front() {
+                unsafe { *dest = TaskSlot::Delivered(msg) };
+                thread.unpark();
+            } else {
+                self.messages.push_back(msg);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn pop(s: &Mutex<Self>) -> Option<T> {
+        let mut res = TaskSlot::Waiting;
+        {
+            let mut s = s.lock().unwrap();
+            if let Some(msg) = s.messages.pop_front() {
+                return Some(msg);
+            }
+
+            if s.max_waiters == s.parked.len() + 1 {
+                for (dest, thread) in s.parked.drain(..) {
+                    unsafe { *dest = TaskSlot::Closed };
+                    thread.unpark();
+                }
+                return None;
+            }
+
+            s.parked.push_back((&mut res, std::thread::current()));
+        }
+
+        loop {
+            std::thread::park();
+
+            let _s = s.lock().unwrap();
+            match core::mem::replace(&mut res, TaskSlot::Waiting) {
+                TaskSlot::Delivered(msg) => return Some(msg),
+                TaskSlot::Closed => return None,
+                TaskSlot::Waiting => {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Loaded {
+    ast: Vec<Ast>,
+    embeds: Vec<Vec<u8>>,
+    errors: String,
+}
+
+pub fn parse_from_fs(extra_threads: usize, root: &str) -> io::Result<Loaded> {
+    fn resolve(path: &str, from: &str, tmp: &mut PathBuf) -> Result<PathBuf, CantLoadFile> {
+        tmp.clear();
+        match Path::new(from).parent() {
+            Some(parent) => tmp.extend([parent, Path::new(path)]),
+            None => tmp.push(path),
+        };
+
+        tmp.canonicalize().map_err(|source| CantLoadFile { path: std::mem::take(tmp), source })
+    }
+
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    struct CantLoadFile {
+        path: PathBuf,
+        source: io::Error,
+    }
+
+    impl core::fmt::Display for CantLoadFile {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter) -> core::fmt::Result {
+            write!(f, "can't load file: {}", display_rel_path(&self.path),)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl core::error::Error for CantLoadFile {
+        fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn core::error::Error + 'static)> {
+            Some(&self.source)
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl From<CantLoadFile> for io::Error {
+        fn from(e: CantLoadFile) -> Self {
+            io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData, e)
+        }
+    }
+
+    type Task = (usize, PathBuf);
+
+    let seen_modules = Mutex::new(crate::HashMap::<PathBuf, usize>::default());
+    let seen_embeds = Mutex::new(crate::HashMap::<PathBuf, usize>::default());
+    let tasks = TaskQueue::<Task>::new(extra_threads + 1);
+    let ast = Mutex::new(Vec::<io::Result<Ast>>::new());
+    let embeds = Mutex::new(Vec::<Vec<u8>>::new());
+
+    let loader = |path: &str, from: &str, kind: FileKind, tmp: &mut _| {
+        let mut physiscal_path = resolve(path, from, tmp)?;
+
+        match kind {
+            FileKind::Module => {
+                let id = {
+                    let mut seen = seen_modules.lock().unwrap();
+                    let len = seen.len();
+                    match seen.entry(physiscal_path) {
+                        hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry) => {
+                            return Ok(*entry.get());
+                        }
+                        hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                            physiscal_path = entry.insert_entry(len as _).key().clone();
+                            len
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+                if !physiscal_path.exists() {
+                    return Err(io::Error::new(
+                        io::ErrorKind::NotFound,
+                        format!("can't find file: {}", display_rel_path(&physiscal_path)),
+                    ));
+                }
+
+                tasks.push((id, physiscal_path));
+                Ok(id)
+            }
+            FileKind::Embed => {
+                let id = {
+                    let mut seen = seen_embeds.lock().unwrap();
+                    let len = seen.len();
+                    match seen.entry(physiscal_path) {
+                        hash_map::Entry::Occupied(entry) => {
+                            return Ok(*entry.get());
+                        }
+                        hash_map::Entry::Vacant(entry) => {
+                            physiscal_path = entry.insert_entry(len as _).key().clone();
+                            len
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+                let content = std::fs::read(&physiscal_path).map_err(|e| {
+                    io::Error::new(
+                        e.kind(),
+                        format!(
+                            "can't load embed file: {}: {e}",
+                            display_rel_path(&physiscal_path)
+                        ),
+                    )
+                })?;
+                let mut embeds = embeds.lock().unwrap();
+                if id as usize >= embeds.len() {
+                    embeds.resize(id as usize + 1, Default::default());
+                }
+                embeds[id as usize] = content;
+                Ok(id)
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let execute_task = |ctx: &mut _, (_, path): Task, tmp: &mut _| {
+        let path = path.to_str().ok_or_else(|| {
+            io::Error::new(
+                io::ErrorKind::InvalidData,
+                format!("path contains invalid characters: {}", display_rel_path(&path)),
+            )
+        })?;
+        Ok(Ast::new(path, std::fs::read_to_string(path)?, ctx, &mut |path, from, kind| {
+            loader(path, from, kind, tmp).map_err(|e| e.to_string())
+        }))
+    };
+
+    let thread = || {
+        let mut ctx = Ctx::default();
+        let mut tmp = PathBuf::new();
+        while let Some(task @ (indx, ..)) = tasks.pop() {
+            let res = execute_task(&mut ctx, task, &mut tmp);
+            let mut ast = ast.lock().unwrap();
+            let len = ast.len().max(indx + 1);
+            ast.resize_with(len, || Err(io::ErrorKind::InvalidData.into()));
+            ast[indx] = res;
+        }
+        ctx.errors.into_inner()
+    };
+
+    let path = Path::new(root).canonicalize().map_err(|e| {
+        io::Error::new(e.kind(), format!("can't canonicalize root file path ({root})"))
+    })?;
+    seen_modules.lock().unwrap().insert(path.clone(), 0);
+    tasks.push((0, path));
+
+    let errors = if extra_threads == 0 {
+        thread()
+    } else {
+        std::thread::scope(|s| {
+            (0..extra_threads + 1)
+                .map(|_| s.spawn(thread))
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|t| t.join().unwrap())
+                .collect::<String>()
+        })
+    };
+
+    Ok(Loaded {
+        ast: ast.into_inner().unwrap().into_iter().collect::<io::Result<Vec<_>>>()?,
+        embeds: embeds.into_inner().unwrap(),
+        errors,
+    })
+}
+
+pub fn display_rel_path(path: &(impl AsRef<OsStr> + ?Sized)) -> std::path::Display {
+    static CWD: std::sync::LazyLock<PathBuf> =
+        std::sync::LazyLock::new(|| std::env::current_dir().unwrap_or_default());
+    std::path::Path::new(path).strip_prefix(&*CWD).unwrap_or(std::path::Path::new(path)).display()
+}

lang/src/fuzz.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+use {
+    crate::{
+        lexer::TokenKind,
+        parser,
+        son::{hbvm::HbvmBackend, Codegen, CodegenCtx},
+        ty::Module,
+    },
+    alloc::string::String,
+    core::{fmt::Write, hash::BuildHasher, ops::Range},
+};
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Rand(pub u64);
+
+impl Rand {
+    pub fn next(&mut self) -> u64 {
+        self.0 = crate::FnvBuildHasher::default().hash_one(self.0);
+        self.0
+    }
+
+    pub fn range(&mut self, min: u64, max: u64) -> u64 {
+        self.next() % (max - min) + min
+    }
+
+    fn bool(&mut self) -> bool {
+        self.next() % 2 == 0
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct FuncGen {
+    rand: Rand,
+    buf: String,
+    vars: u64,
+}
+
+impl FuncGen {
+    fn gen(&mut self, seed: u64) -> &str {
+        self.rand = Rand(seed);
+        self.buf.clear();
+        self.buf.push_str("main := fn(): void ");
+        self.block().unwrap();
+        &self.buf
+    }
+
+    fn block(&mut self) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        let prev_vars = self.vars;
+        self.buf.push('{');
+        for _ in 0..self.rand.range(1, 10) {
+            self.stmt()?;
+        }
+        self.buf.push('}');
+        self.vars = prev_vars;
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn stmt(&mut self) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        match self.rand.range(0, 100) {
+            0..4 => _ = self.block(),
+            4..10 => {
+                write!(self.buf, "var{} := ", self.vars)?;
+                self.expr()?;
+                self.vars += 1;
+            }
+
+            10..20 if self.vars != 0 => {
+                write!(self.buf, "var{} = ", self.rand.range(0, self.vars))?;
+                self.expr()?;
+            }
+            20..23 => {
+                self.buf.push_str("if ");
+                self.expr()?;
+                self.block()?;
+                if self.rand.bool() {
+                    self.buf.push_str(" else ");
+                    self.block()?;
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {
+                self.buf.push_str("return ");
+                self.expr()?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.buf.push(';');
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn expr(&mut self) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        match self.rand.range(0, 100) {
+            0..80 => {
+                write!(self.buf, "{}", self.rand.next())
+            }
+            80..90 if self.vars != 0 => {
+                write!(self.buf, "var{}", self.rand.range(0, self.vars))
+            }
+            80..100 => {
+                self.expr()?;
+                let ops = [
+                    TokenKind::Add,
+                    TokenKind::Sub,
+                    TokenKind::Mul,
+                    TokenKind::Div,
+                    TokenKind::Shl,
+                    TokenKind::Eq,
+                    TokenKind::Ne,
+                    TokenKind::Lt,
+                    TokenKind::Gt,
+                    TokenKind::Le,
+                    TokenKind::Ge,
+                    TokenKind::Band,
+                    TokenKind::Bor,
+                    TokenKind::Xor,
+                    TokenKind::Mod,
+                    TokenKind::Shr,
+                ];
+                let op = ops[self.rand.range(0, ops.len() as u64) as usize];
+                write!(self.buf, " {op} ")?;
+                self.expr()
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn fuzz(seed_range: Range<u64>) {
+    let mut gen = FuncGen::default();
+    let mut ctx = CodegenCtx::default();
+    for i in seed_range {
+        ctx.clear();
+        let src = gen.gen(i);
+        let parsed = parser::Ast::new("fuzz", src, &mut ctx.parser, &mut parser::no_loader);
+
+        assert!(ctx.parser.errors.get_mut().is_empty());
+
+        let mut backend = HbvmBackend::default();
+        let mut cdg = Codegen::new(&mut backend, core::slice::from_ref(&parsed), &mut ctx);
+        cdg.generate(Module::MAIN);
+    }
+}

lang/src/fuzz_main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+fn main() {
+    hblang::fuzz::fuzz(0..1000000);
+}

lang/src/lexer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+const fn ascii_mask(chars: &[u8]) -> u128 {
+    let mut eq = 0;
+    let mut i = 0;
+    while i < chars.len() {
+        let b = chars[i];
+        eq |= 1 << b;
+        i += 1;
+    }
+    eq
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct Token {
+    pub kind: TokenKind,
+    pub start: u32,
+    pub end: u32,
+}
+
+impl Token {
+    pub fn range(&self) -> core::ops::Range<usize> {
+        self.start as usize..self.end as usize
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! gen_token_kind {
+    ($(
+        #[$atts:meta])*
+        $vis:vis enum $name:ident {
+            #[patterns] $(
+                $pattern:ident,
+            )*
+            #[keywords] $(
+                $keyword:ident = $keyword_lit:literal,
+            )*
+            #[punkt] $(
+                $punkt:ident = $punkt_lit:literal,
+            )*
+            #[ops] $(
+                #[$prec:ident] $(
+                    $op:ident = $op_lit:literal $(=> $assign:ident)?,
+                )*
+            )*
+        }
+    ) => {
+        impl core::fmt::Display for $name {
+            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter) -> core::fmt::Result {
+                f.write_str(self.name())
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl $name {
+            pub const OPS: &[Self] = &[$($(Self::$op),*),*];
+
+            pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
+                let sf = unsafe { &*(self as *const _ as *const u8) } ;
+                match *self {
+                    $( Self::$pattern => concat!('<', stringify!($pattern), '>'), )*
+                    $( Self::$keyword => stringify!($keyword_lit), )*
+                    $( Self::$punkt   => stringify!($punkt_lit),   )*
+                    $($( Self::$op    => $op_lit,
+                      $(Self::$assign => concat!($op_lit, "="),)?)*)*
+                    _ => unsafe { core::str::from_utf8_unchecked(core::slice::from_ref(&sf)) },
+                }
+            }
+
+            #[inline(always)]
+            pub fn precedence(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+                Some(match self {
+                    $($(Self::$op => ${ignore($prec)} ${index(1)},
+                      $(Self::$assign => 0,)?)*)*
+                    _ => return None,
+                } + 1)
+            }
+
+            fn from_ident(ident: &[u8]) -> Self {
+                match ident {
+                    $($keyword_lit => Self::$keyword,)*
+                    _ => Self::Ident,
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Clone, Copy, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+#[repr(u8)]
+pub enum TokenKind {
+    Not = b'!',
+    DQuote = b'"',
+    Pound = b'#',
+    CtIdent = b'$',
+    Mod = b'%',
+    Band = b'&',
+    Quote = b'\'',
+    LParen = b'(',
+    RParen = b')',
+    Mul = b'*',
+    Add = b'+',
+    Comma = b',',
+    Sub = b'-',
+    Dot = b'.',
+    Div = b'/',
+    // Unused = 2-6
+    Shl = b'<' - 5,
+    // Unused = 8
+    Shr = b'>' - 5,
+    Colon = b':',
+    Semi = b';',
+    Lt = b'<',
+    Assign = b'=',
+    Gt = b'>',
+    Que = b'?',
+    Directive = b'@',
+
+    Comment,
+
+    Ident,
+    Number,
+    Float,
+    Eof,
+
+    Ct,
+
+    Return,
+    If,
+    Else,
+    Loop,
+    Break,
+    Continue,
+    Fn,
+    Struct,
+    Packed,
+    True,
+    False,
+    Null,
+    Idk,
+    Die,
+
+    Ctor,
+    Tupl,
+
+    Or,
+    And,
+
+    // Unused = R-Z
+    LBrack = b'[',
+    BSlash = b'\\',
+    RBrack = b']',
+    Xor = b'^',
+    Tick = b'`',
+    Under = b'_',
+    // Unused = a-z
+    LBrace = b'{',
+    Bor = b'|',
+    RBrace = b'}',
+    Tilde = b'~',
+
+    Decl = b':' + 128,
+    Eq = b'=' + 128,
+    Ne = b'!' + 128,
+    Le = b'<' + 128,
+    Ge = b'>' + 128,
+
+    BorAss = b'|' + 128,
+    AddAss = b'+' + 128,
+    SubAss = b'-' + 128,
+    MulAss = b'*' + 128,
+    DivAss = b'/' + 128,
+    ModAss = b'%' + 128,
+    XorAss = b'^' + 128,
+    BandAss = b'&' + 128,
+    ShrAss = b'>' - 5 + 128,
+    ShlAss = b'<' - 5 + 128,
+}
+
+impl core::fmt::Debug for TokenKind {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        core::fmt::Display::fmt(self, f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl TokenKind {
+    pub fn ass_op(self) -> Option<Self> {
+        let id = (self as u8).saturating_sub(128);
+        if ascii_mask(b"|+-*/%^&79") & (1u128 << id) == 0 {
+            return None;
+        }
+        Some(unsafe { core::mem::transmute::<u8, Self>(id) })
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_comutative(self) -> bool {
+        use TokenKind as S;
+        matches!(self, S::Eq | S::Ne | S::Bor | S::Xor | S::Band | S::Add | S::Mul)
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_supported_float_op(self) -> bool {
+        matches!(
+            self,
+            Self::Add
+                | Self::Sub
+                | Self::Mul
+                | Self::Div
+                | Self::Eq
+                | Self::Ne
+                | Self::Le
+                | Self::Ge
+                | Self::Lt
+                | Self::Gt
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn apply_binop(self, a: i64, b: i64, float: bool) -> i64 {
+        if float {
+            debug_assert!(self.is_supported_float_op());
+            let [a, b] = [f64::from_bits(a as _), f64::from_bits(b as _)];
+            let res = match self {
+                Self::Add => a + b,
+                Self::Sub => a - b,
+                Self::Mul => a * b,
+                Self::Div => a / b,
+                Self::Eq => return (a == b) as i64,
+                Self::Ne => return (a != b) as i64,
+                Self::Lt => return (a < b) as i64,
+                Self::Gt => return (a > b) as i64,
+                Self::Le => return (a >= b) as i64,
+                Self::Ge => return (a <= b) as i64,
+                _ => todo!("floating point op: {self}"),
+            };
+
+            return res.to_bits() as _;
+        }
+
+        match self {
+            Self::Add => a.wrapping_add(b),
+            Self::Sub => a.wrapping_sub(b),
+            Self::Mul => a.wrapping_mul(b),
+            Self::Div if b == 0 => 0,
+            Self::Div => a.wrapping_div(b),
+            Self::Shl => a.wrapping_shl(b as _),
+            Self::Eq => (a == b) as i64,
+            Self::Ne => (a != b) as i64,
+            Self::Lt => (a < b) as i64,
+            Self::Gt => (a > b) as i64,
+            Self::Le => (a >= b) as i64,
+            Self::Ge => (a <= b) as i64,
+            Self::Band => a & b,
+            Self::Bor => a | b,
+            Self::Xor => a ^ b,
+            Self::Mod if b == 0 => 0,
+            Self::Mod => a.wrapping_rem(b),
+            Self::Shr => a.wrapping_shr(b as _),
+            s => todo!("{s}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_homogenous(&self) -> bool {
+        self.precedence() != Self::Eq.precedence()
+            && self.precedence() != Self::Gt.precedence()
+            && self.precedence() != Self::Eof.precedence()
+    }
+
+    pub fn apply_unop(&self, value: i64, float: bool) -> i64 {
+        match self {
+            Self::Sub if float => (-f64::from_bits(value as _)).to_bits() as _,
+            Self::Sub => value.wrapping_neg(),
+            Self::Float if float => value,
+            Self::Float => (value as f64).to_bits() as _,
+            Self::Number => {
+                debug_assert!(float);
+                f64::from_bits(value as _).to_bits() as _
+            }
+            s => todo!("{s}"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn closing(&self) -> Option<TokenKind> {
+        Some(match self {
+            Self::Ctor => Self::RBrace,
+            Self::Tupl => Self::RParen,
+            Self::LParen => Self::RParen,
+            Self::LBrack => Self::RBrack,
+            Self::LBrace => Self::RBrace,
+            _ => return None,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+gen_token_kind! {
+    pub enum TokenKind {
+        #[patterns]
+        CtIdent,
+        Ident,
+        Number,
+        Float,
+        Eof,
+        Directive,
+        #[keywords]
+        Return    = b"return",
+        If        = b"if",
+        Else      = b"else",
+        Loop      = b"loop",
+        Break     = b"break",
+        Continue  = b"continue",
+        Fn        = b"fn",
+        Struct    = b"struct",
+        Packed    = b"packed",
+        True      = b"true",
+        False     = b"false",
+        Null      = b"null",
+        Idk       = b"idk",
+        Die       = b"die",
+        Under     = b"_",
+        #[punkt]
+        Ctor   = ".{",
+        Tupl   = ".(",
+        // #define OP: each `#[prec]` delimeters a level of precedence from lowest to highest
+        #[ops]
+        #[prec]
+        // this also includess all `<op>=` tokens
+        Decl   = ":=",
+        Assign = "=",
+        #[prec]
+        Or = "||",
+        #[prec]
+        And = "&&",
+        #[prec]
+        Bor = "|" => BorAss,
+        #[prec]
+        Xor = "^" => XorAss,
+        #[prec]
+        Band = "&" => BandAss,
+        #[prec]
+        Eq = "==",
+        Ne = "!=",
+        #[prec]
+        Le = "<=",
+        Ge = ">=",
+        Lt = "<",
+        Gt = ">",
+        #[prec]
+        Shl = "<<" => ShlAss,
+        Shr = ">>" => ShrAss,
+        #[prec]
+        Add = "+" => AddAss,
+        Sub = "-" => SubAss,
+        #[prec]
+        Mul = "*" => MulAss,
+        Div = "/" => DivAss,
+        Mod = "%" => ModAss,
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Lexer<'a> {
+    pos: u32,
+    source: &'a [u8],
+}
+
+impl<'a> Lexer<'a> {
+    pub fn new(input: &'a str) -> Self {
+        Self::restore(input, 0)
+    }
+
+    pub fn uses(input: &'a str) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'a str> {
+        let mut s = Self::new(input);
+        core::iter::from_fn(move || loop {
+            let t = s.eat();
+            if t.kind == TokenKind::Eof {
+                return None;
+            }
+            if t.kind == TokenKind::Directive
+                && s.slice(t.range()) == "use"
+                && s.eat().kind == TokenKind::LParen
+            {
+                let t = s.eat();
+                if t.kind == TokenKind::DQuote {
+                    return Some(&s.slice(t.range())[1..t.range().len() - 1]);
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn restore(input: &'a str, pos: u32) -> Self {
+        Self { pos, source: input.as_bytes() }
+    }
+
+    pub fn source(&self) -> &'a str {
+        unsafe { core::str::from_utf8_unchecked(self.source) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn slice(&self, tok: core::ops::Range<usize>) -> &'a str {
+        unsafe { core::str::from_utf8_unchecked(&self.source[tok]) }
+    }
+
+    fn peek(&self) -> Option<u8> {
+        if core::intrinsics::unlikely(self.pos >= self.source.len() as u32) {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(unsafe { *self.source.get_unchecked(self.pos as usize) })
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn advance(&mut self) -> Option<u8> {
+        let c = self.peek()?;
+        self.pos += 1;
+        Some(c)
+    }
+
+    pub fn last(&mut self) -> Token {
+        let mut token = self.eat();
+        loop {
+            let next = self.eat();
+            if next.kind == TokenKind::Eof {
+                break;
+            }
+            token = next;
+        }
+        token
+    }
+
+    pub fn eat(&mut self) -> Token {
+        use TokenKind as T;
+        loop {
+            let mut start = self.pos;
+
+            let Some(c) = self.advance() else {
+                return Token { kind: T::Eof, start, end: self.pos };
+            };
+
+            let advance_ident = |s: &mut Self| {
+                while let Some(b'a'..=b'z' | b'A'..=b'Z' | b'0'..=b'9' | b'_' | 127..) = s.peek() {
+                    s.advance();
+                }
+            };
+
+            let identity = |s: u8| unsafe { core::mem::transmute::<u8, T>(s) };
+
+            let kind = match c {
+                ..=b' ' => continue,
+                b'0' if self.advance_if(b'x') => {
+                    while let Some(b'0'..=b'9' | b'A'..=b'F' | b'a'..=b'f') = self.peek() {
+                        self.advance();
+                    }
+                    T::Number
+                }
+                b'0' if self.advance_if(b'b') => {
+                    while let Some(b'0' | b'1') = self.peek() {
+                        self.advance();
+                    }
+                    T::Number
+                }
+                b'0' if self.advance_if(b'o') => {
+                    while let Some(b'0'..=b'7') = self.peek() {
+                        self.advance();
+                    }
+                    T::Number
+                }
+                b'0'..=b'9' => {
+                    while let Some(b'0'..=b'9') = self.peek() {
+                        self.advance();
+                    }
+
+                    if self.advance_if(b'.') {
+                        while let Some(b'0'..=b'9') = self.peek() {
+                            self.advance();
+                        }
+                        T::Float
+                    } else {
+                        T::Number
+                    }
+                }
+                b'a'..=b'z' | b'A'..=b'Z' | b'_' | 127.. => {
+                    advance_ident(self);
+                    let ident = &self.source[start as usize..self.pos as usize];
+                    T::from_ident(ident)
+                }
+                b'"' | b'\'' => loop {
+                    match self.advance() {
+                        Some(b'\\') => _ = self.advance(),
+                        Some(nc) if nc == c => break identity(c),
+                        Some(_) => {}
+                        None => break T::Eof,
+                    }
+                },
+                b'/' if self.advance_if(b'/') => {
+                    while let Some(l) = self.peek()
+                        && l != b'\n'
+                    {
+                        self.pos += 1;
+                    }
+
+                    let end = self.source[..self.pos as usize]
+                        .iter()
+                        .rposition(|&b| !b.is_ascii_whitespace())
+                        .map_or(self.pos, |i| i as u32 + 1);
+
+                    return Token { kind: T::Comment, start, end };
+                }
+                b'/' if self.advance_if(b'*') => {
+                    let mut depth = 1;
+                    while let Some(l) = self.advance() {
+                        match l {
+                            b'/' if self.advance_if(b'*') => depth += 1,
+                            b'*' if self.advance_if(b'/') => match depth {
+                                1 => break,
+                                _ => depth -= 1,
+                            },
+                            _ => {}
+                        }
+                    }
+                    T::Comment
+                }
+                b'.' if self.advance_if(b'{') => T::Ctor,
+                b'.' if self.advance_if(b'(') => T::Tupl,
+                b'&' if self.advance_if(b'&') => T::And,
+                b'|' if self.advance_if(b'|') => T::Or,
+                b'$' if self.advance_if(b':') => T::Ct,
+                b'@' | b'$' => {
+                    start += 1;
+                    advance_ident(self);
+                    identity(c)
+                }
+                b'<' | b'>' if self.advance_if(c) => {
+                    identity(c - 5 + 128 * self.advance_if(b'=') as u8)
+                }
+                b':' | b'=' | b'!' | b'<' | b'>' | b'|' | b'+' | b'-' | b'*' | b'/' | b'%'
+                | b'^' | b'&'
+                    if self.advance_if(b'=') =>
+                {
+                    identity(c + 128)
+                }
+                _ => identity(c),
+            };
+
+            return Token { kind, start, end: self.pos };
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn advance_if(&mut self, arg: u8) -> bool {
+        if self.peek() == Some(arg) {
+            self.advance();
+            true
+        } else {
+            false
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn line_col(bytes: &[u8], pos: u32) -> (usize, usize) {
+    bytes[..pos as usize]
+        .split(|&b| b == b'\n')
+        .map(<[u8]>::len)
+        .enumerate()
+        .last()
+        .map(|(line, col)| (line + 1, col + 1))
+        .unwrap_or((1, 1))
+}

lang/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#[cfg(feature = "std")]
+fn main() {
+    use std::io::Write;
+
+    fn run(out: &mut Vec<u8>) -> std::io::Result<()> {
+        let args = std::env::args().collect::<Vec<_>>();
+        let args = args.iter().map(String::as_str).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        let opts = hblang::Options::from_args(&args, out)?;
+        let file = args.iter().filter(|a| !a.starts_with('-')).nth(1).copied().unwrap_or("main.hb");
+
+        hblang::run_compiler(file, opts, out)
+    }
+
+    log::set_logger(&hblang::fs::Logger).unwrap();
+    log::set_max_level(log::LevelFilter::Error);
+
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    match run(&mut out) {
+        Ok(_) => std::io::stdout().write_all(&out).unwrap(),
+        Err(_) => {
+            std::io::stderr().write_all(&out).unwrap();
+            std::process::exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+}

lang/src/regalloc.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+
+

lang/src/son/hbvm.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,767 @@
+use {
+    super::{AssemblySpec, Backend, Nid, Node, Nodes},
+    crate::{
+        lexer::TokenKind,
+        parser, reg,
+        son::{debug_assert_matches, write_reloc, Kind, MEM},
+        ty::{self, Loc, Module},
+        utils::{Ent, EntVec},
+        Offset, Reloc, Size, TypedReloc, Types,
+    },
+    alloc::{boxed::Box, collections::BTreeMap, string::String, vec::Vec},
+    core::mem,
+    hbbytecode::{self as instrs, *},
+};
+
+mod my_regalloc;
+mod their_regalloc;
+
+struct FuncDt {
+    offset: Offset,
+    // TODO: change to indices into common vec
+    relocs: Vec<TypedReloc>,
+    code: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl Default for FuncDt {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self { offset: u32::MAX, relocs: Default::default(), code: Default::default() }
+    }
+}
+
+struct GlobalDt {
+    offset: Offset,
+}
+
+impl Default for GlobalDt {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self { offset: u32::MAX }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct Assembler {
+    frontier: Vec<ty::Id>,
+    globals: Vec<ty::Global>,
+    funcs: Vec<ty::Func>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct HbvmBackend {
+    funcs: EntVec<ty::Func, FuncDt>,
+    globals: EntVec<ty::Global, GlobalDt>,
+    asm: Assembler,
+    ralloc: their_regalloc::Regalloc,
+    ralloc_my: my_regalloc::Res,
+
+    ret_relocs: Vec<Reloc>,
+    relocs: Vec<TypedReloc>,
+    jump_relocs: Vec<(Nid, Reloc)>,
+    code: Vec<u8>,
+    offsets: Vec<Offset>,
+}
+
+impl HbvmBackend {
+    fn emit(&mut self, instr: (usize, [u8; instrs::MAX_SIZE])) {
+        emit(&mut self.code, instr);
+    }
+}
+
+impl Backend for HbvmBackend {
+    fn assemble_bin(&mut self, entry: ty::Func, types: &Types, to: &mut Vec<u8>) {
+        to.extend([0u8; HEADER_SIZE]);
+
+        binary_prelude(to);
+        let AssemblySpec { code_length, data_length, entry } =
+            self.assemble_reachable(entry, types, to);
+
+        let exe = AbleOsExecutableHeader {
+            magic_number: [0x15, 0x91, 0xD2],
+            executable_version: 0,
+            code_length,
+            data_length,
+            debug_length: 0,
+            config_length: 0,
+            metadata_length: 0,
+        };
+        Reloc::new(HEADER_SIZE, 3, 4).apply_jump(to, entry, 0);
+
+        unsafe { *to.as_mut_ptr().cast::<AbleOsExecutableHeader>() = exe }
+    }
+
+    fn assemble_reachable(
+        &mut self,
+        from: ty::Func,
+        types: &Types,
+        to: &mut Vec<u8>,
+    ) -> AssemblySpec {
+        debug_assert!(self.asm.frontier.is_empty());
+        debug_assert!(self.asm.funcs.is_empty());
+        debug_assert!(self.asm.globals.is_empty());
+
+        self.globals.shadow(types.ins.globals.len());
+
+        self.asm.frontier.push(ty::Kind::Func(from).compress());
+        while let Some(itm) = self.asm.frontier.pop() {
+            match itm.expand() {
+                ty::Kind::Func(func) => {
+                    let fuc = &mut self.funcs[func];
+                    debug_assert!(!fuc.code.is_empty());
+                    if fuc.offset != u32::MAX {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    fuc.offset = 0;
+                    self.asm.funcs.push(func);
+                    self.asm.frontier.extend(fuc.relocs.iter().map(|r| r.target));
+                }
+                ty::Kind::Global(glob) => {
+                    let glb = &mut self.globals[glob];
+                    if glb.offset != u32::MAX {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    glb.offset = 0;
+                    self.asm.globals.push(glob);
+                }
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
+        }
+
+        let init_len = to.len();
+
+        for &func in &self.asm.funcs {
+            let fuc = &mut self.funcs[func];
+            fuc.offset = to.len() as _;
+            debug_assert!(!fuc.code.is_empty());
+            to.extend(&fuc.code);
+        }
+
+        let code_length = to.len() - init_len;
+
+        for global in self.asm.globals.drain(..) {
+            self.globals[global].offset = to.len() as _;
+            to.extend(&types.ins.globals[global].data);
+        }
+
+        let data_length = to.len() - code_length - init_len;
+
+        for func in self.asm.funcs.drain(..) {
+            let fuc = &self.funcs[func];
+            for rel in &fuc.relocs {
+                let offset = match rel.target.expand() {
+                    ty::Kind::Func(fun) => self.funcs[fun].offset,
+                    ty::Kind::Global(glo) => self.globals[glo].offset,
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                };
+                rel.reloc.apply_jump(to, offset, fuc.offset);
+            }
+        }
+
+        AssemblySpec {
+            code_length: code_length as _,
+            data_length: data_length as _,
+            entry: self.funcs[from].offset,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn disasm<'a>(
+        &'a self,
+        mut sluce: &[u8],
+        eca_handler: &mut dyn FnMut(&mut &[u8]),
+        types: &'a Types,
+        files: &'a [parser::Ast],
+        output: &mut String,
+    ) -> Result<(), hbbytecode::DisasmError<'a>> {
+        use hbbytecode::DisasmItem;
+        let functions = types
+            .ins
+            .funcs
+            .iter()
+            .zip(self.funcs.iter())
+            .filter(|(_, f)| f.offset != u32::MAX)
+            .map(|(f, fd)| {
+                let name = if f.file != Module::default() {
+                    let file = &files[f.file.index()];
+                    file.ident_str(f.name)
+                } else {
+                    "target_fn"
+                };
+                (fd.offset, (name, fd.code.len() as u32, DisasmItem::Func))
+            })
+            .chain(
+                types
+                    .ins
+                    .globals
+                    .iter()
+                    .zip(self.globals.iter())
+                    .filter(|(_, g)| g.offset != u32::MAX)
+                    .map(|(g, gd)| {
+                        let name = if g.file == Module::default() {
+                            core::str::from_utf8(&g.data).unwrap_or("invalid utf-8")
+                        } else {
+                            let file = &files[g.file.index()];
+                            file.ident_str(g.name)
+                        };
+                        (gd.offset, (name, g.data.len() as Size, DisasmItem::Global))
+                    }),
+            )
+            .collect::<BTreeMap<_, _>>();
+        hbbytecode::disasm(&mut sluce, &functions, output, eca_handler)
+    }
+
+    fn emit_ct_body(
+        &mut self,
+        id: ty::Func,
+        nodes: &mut Nodes,
+        tys: &Types,
+        files: &[parser::Ast],
+    ) {
+        self.emit_body(id, nodes, tys, files);
+        let fd = &mut self.funcs[id];
+        fd.code.truncate(fd.code.len() - instrs::jala(0, 0, 0).0);
+        emit(&mut fd.code, instrs::tx());
+    }
+
+    fn emit_body(&mut self, id: ty::Func, nodes: &mut Nodes, tys: &Types, files: &[parser::Ast]) {
+        let sig = tys.ins.funcs[id].sig.unwrap();
+
+        debug_assert!(self.code.is_empty());
+
+        self.offsets.clear();
+        self.offsets.resize(nodes.values.len(), Offset::MAX);
+
+        let mut stack_size = 0;
+        '_compute_stack: {
+            let mems = mem::take(&mut nodes[MEM].outputs);
+            for &stck in mems.iter() {
+                if !matches!(nodes[stck].kind, Kind::Stck | Kind::Arg) {
+                    debug_assert_matches!(
+                        nodes[stck].kind,
+                        Kind::Phi | Kind::Return | Kind::Load | Kind::Call { .. } | Kind::Stre
+                    );
+                    continue;
+                }
+                stack_size += tys.size_of(nodes[stck].ty);
+                self.offsets[stck as usize] = stack_size;
+            }
+            for &stck in mems.iter() {
+                if !matches!(nodes[stck].kind, Kind::Stck | Kind::Arg) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                self.offsets[stck as usize] = stack_size - self.offsets[stck as usize];
+            }
+            nodes[MEM].outputs = mems;
+        }
+
+        let (saved, tail) = self.emit_body_code(nodes, sig, tys, files);
+        //let (saved, tail) = self.emit_body_code_my(nodes, sig, tys, files);
+
+        if let Some(last_ret) = self.ret_relocs.last()
+            && last_ret.offset as usize == self.code.len() - 5
+            && self
+                .jump_relocs
+                .last()
+                .map_or(true, |&(r, _)| self.offsets[r as usize] as usize != self.code.len())
+        {
+            self.code.truncate(self.code.len() - 5);
+            self.ret_relocs.pop();
+        }
+
+        // FIXME: maybe do this incrementally
+        for (nd, rel) in self.jump_relocs.drain(..) {
+            let offset = self.offsets[nd as usize];
+            //debug_assert!(offset < self.code.len() as u32 - 1);
+            rel.apply_jump(&mut self.code, offset, 0);
+        }
+
+        let end = self.code.len();
+        for ret_rel in self.ret_relocs.drain(..) {
+            ret_rel.apply_jump(&mut self.code, end as _, 0);
+        }
+
+        let mut stripped_prelude_size = 0;
+        '_close_function: {
+            let pushed = (saved as i64 + !tail as i64) * 8;
+            let stack = stack_size as i64;
+
+            let add_len = instrs::addi64(0, 0, 0).0;
+            let st_len = instrs::st(0, 0, 0, 0).0;
+
+            match (pushed, stack) {
+                (0, 0) => {
+                    stripped_prelude_size = add_len + st_len;
+                    self.code.drain(0..stripped_prelude_size);
+                    break '_close_function;
+                }
+                (0, stack) => {
+                    write_reloc(&mut self.code, 3, -stack, 8);
+                    stripped_prelude_size = st_len;
+                    let end = add_len + st_len;
+                    self.code.drain(add_len..end);
+                    self.emit(instrs::addi64(reg::STACK_PTR, reg::STACK_PTR, stack as _));
+                    break '_close_function;
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+
+            write_reloc(&mut self.code, 3, -(pushed + stack), 8);
+            write_reloc(&mut self.code, 3 + 8 + 3, stack, 8);
+            write_reloc(&mut self.code, 3 + 8 + 3 + 8, pushed, 2);
+
+            self.emit(instrs::ld(
+                reg::RET_ADDR + tail as u8,
+                reg::STACK_PTR,
+                stack as _,
+                pushed as _,
+            ));
+            self.emit(instrs::addi64(reg::STACK_PTR, reg::STACK_PTR, (pushed + stack) as _));
+        }
+        self.relocs.iter_mut().for_each(|r| r.reloc.offset -= stripped_prelude_size as u32);
+        if sig.ret != ty::Id::NEVER {
+            self.emit(instrs::jala(reg::ZERO, reg::RET_ADDR, 0));
+        }
+
+        self.funcs.shadow(tys.ins.funcs.len());
+        self.funcs[id].code = mem::take(&mut self.code);
+        self.funcs[id].relocs = mem::take(&mut self.relocs);
+
+        debug_assert_eq!(self.ret_relocs.len(), 0);
+        debug_assert_eq!(self.relocs.len(), 0);
+        debug_assert_eq!(self.jump_relocs.len(), 0);
+        debug_assert_eq!(self.code.len(), 0);
+    }
+}
+
+impl Nodes {
+    fn is_never_used(&self, nid: Nid, tys: &Types) -> bool {
+        let node = &self[nid];
+        match node.kind {
+            Kind::CInt { .. } => node.outputs.iter().all(|&o| {
+                matches!(self[o].kind, Kind::BinOp { op }
+                        if op.imm_binop(self[o].ty).is_some()
+                            && self.is_const(self[o].inputs[2])
+                            && op.cond_op(self[o].ty).is_none())
+            }),
+            Kind::BinOp { op: TokenKind::Add | TokenKind::Sub } => {
+                self[node.inputs[1]].lock_rc != 0
+                    || (self.is_const(node.inputs[2])
+                        && node.outputs.iter().all(|&n| self[n].uses_direct_offset_of(nid, tys)))
+            }
+            Kind::BinOp { op } => {
+                op.cond_op(node.ty).is_some()
+                    && node.outputs.iter().all(|&n| self[n].kind == Kind::If)
+            }
+            Kind::Stck if tys.size_of(node.ty) == 0 => true,
+            Kind::Stck | Kind::Arg => node.outputs.iter().all(|&n| {
+                self[n].uses_direct_offset_of(nid, tys)
+                    || (matches!(self[n].kind, Kind::BinOp { op: TokenKind::Add })
+                        && self.is_never_used(n, tys))
+            }),
+            Kind::Load { .. } => node.ty.loc(tys) == Loc::Stack,
+            _ => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Node {
+    fn uses_direct_offset_of(&self, nid: Nid, tys: &Types) -> bool {
+        ((self.kind == Kind::Stre && self.inputs[2] == nid)
+            || (self.kind == Kind::Load && self.inputs[1] == nid))
+            && self.ty.loc(tys) == Loc::Reg
+    }
+}
+
+impl TokenKind {
+    fn cmp_against(self) -> Option<u64> {
+        Some(match self {
+            TokenKind::Le | TokenKind::Gt => 1,
+            TokenKind::Ne | TokenKind::Eq => 0,
+            TokenKind::Ge | TokenKind::Lt => (-1i64) as _,
+            _ => return None,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn float_cmp(self, ty: ty::Id) -> Option<fn(u8, u8, u8) -> EncodedInstr> {
+        if !ty.is_float() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let size = ty.simple_size().unwrap();
+
+        let ops = match self {
+            TokenKind::Gt => [instrs::fcmpgt32, instrs::fcmpgt64],
+            TokenKind::Lt => [instrs::fcmplt32, instrs::fcmplt64],
+            _ => return None,
+        };
+
+        Some(ops[size.ilog2() as usize - 2])
+    }
+
+    #[expect(clippy::type_complexity)]
+    fn cond_op(self, ty: ty::Id) -> Option<(fn(u8, u8, i16) -> EncodedInstr, bool)> {
+        if ty.is_float() {
+            return None;
+        }
+        let signed = ty.is_signed();
+        Some((
+            match self {
+                Self::Le if signed => instrs::jgts,
+                Self::Le => instrs::jgtu,
+                Self::Lt if signed => instrs::jlts,
+                Self::Lt => instrs::jltu,
+                Self::Ge if signed => instrs::jlts,
+                Self::Ge => instrs::jltu,
+                Self::Gt if signed => instrs::jgts,
+                Self::Gt => instrs::jgtu,
+                Self::Eq => instrs::jne,
+                Self::Ne => instrs::jeq,
+                _ => return None,
+            },
+            matches!(self, Self::Lt | TokenKind::Gt),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn binop(self, ty: ty::Id) -> Option<fn(u8, u8, u8) -> EncodedInstr> {
+        let size = ty.simple_size().unwrap();
+        if ty.is_integer() || ty == ty::Id::BOOL || ty.is_pointer() {
+            macro_rules! div { ($($op:ident),*) => {[$(|a, b, c| $op(a, 0, b, c)),*]}; }
+            macro_rules! rem { ($($op:ident),*) => {[$(|a, b, c| $op(0, a, b, c)),*]}; }
+            let signed = ty.is_signed();
+
+            let ops = match self {
+                Self::Add => [add8, add16, add32, add64],
+                Self::Sub => [sub8, sub16, sub32, sub64],
+                Self::Mul => [mul8, mul16, mul32, mul64],
+                Self::Div if signed => div!(dirs8, dirs16, dirs32, dirs64),
+                Self::Div => div!(diru8, diru16, diru32, diru64),
+                Self::Mod if signed => rem!(dirs8, dirs16, dirs32, dirs64),
+                Self::Mod => rem!(diru8, diru16, diru32, diru64),
+                Self::Band => return Some(and),
+                Self::Bor => return Some(or),
+                Self::Xor => return Some(xor),
+                Self::Shl => [slu8, slu16, slu32, slu64],
+                Self::Shr if signed => [srs8, srs16, srs32, srs64],
+                Self::Shr => [sru8, sru16, sru32, sru64],
+                _ => return None,
+            };
+
+            Some(ops[size.ilog2() as usize])
+        } else {
+            debug_assert!(ty.is_float(), "{self} {ty:?}");
+            let ops = match self {
+                Self::Add => [fadd32, fadd64],
+                Self::Sub => [fsub32, fsub64],
+                Self::Mul => [fmul32, fmul64],
+                Self::Div => [fdiv32, fdiv64],
+                _ => return None,
+            };
+            Some(ops[size.ilog2() as usize - 2])
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn imm_binop(self, ty: ty::Id) -> Option<fn(u8, u8, u64) -> EncodedInstr> {
+        macro_rules! def_op {
+            ($name:ident |$a:ident, $b:ident, $c:ident| $($tt:tt)*) => {
+                macro_rules! $name {
+                    ($$($$op:ident),*) => {
+                        [$$(
+                            |$a, $b, $c: u64| $$op($($tt)*),
+                        )*]
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+        }
+
+        if ty.is_float() {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        def_op!(basic_op | a, b, c | a, b, c as _);
+        def_op!(sub_op | a, b, c | a, b, c.wrapping_neg() as _);
+
+        let signed = ty.is_signed();
+        let ops = match self {
+            Self::Add => basic_op!(addi8, addi16, addi32, addi64),
+            Self::Sub => sub_op!(addi8, addi16, addi32, addi64),
+            Self::Mul => basic_op!(muli8, muli16, muli32, muli64),
+            Self::Band => return Some(andi),
+            Self::Bor => return Some(ori),
+            Self::Xor => return Some(xori),
+            Self::Shr if signed => basic_op!(srui8, srui16, srui32, srui64),
+            Self::Shr => basic_op!(srui8, srui16, srui32, srui64),
+            Self::Shl => basic_op!(slui8, slui16, slui32, slui64),
+            _ => return None,
+        };
+
+        let size = ty.simple_size().unwrap();
+        Some(ops[size.ilog2() as usize])
+    }
+
+    fn unop(&self, dst: ty::Id, src: ty::Id) -> Option<fn(u8, u8) -> EncodedInstr> {
+        let src_idx = src.simple_size().unwrap().ilog2() as usize - 2;
+        Some(match self {
+            Self::Sub => instrs::neg,
+            Self::Float if dst.is_float() && src.is_integer() => {
+                debug_assert_eq!(dst.simple_size(), src.simple_size());
+                [instrs::itf32, instrs::itf64][src_idx]
+            }
+            Self::Number if src.is_float() && dst.is_integer() => {
+                [|a, b| instrs::fti32(a, b, 1), |a, b| instrs::fti64(a, b, 1)][src_idx]
+            }
+            Self::Float if dst.is_float() && src.is_float() => {
+                [instrs::fc32t64, |a, b| instrs::fc64t32(a, b, 1)][src_idx]
+            }
+            _ => return None,
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+type EncodedInstr = (usize, [u8; instrs::MAX_SIZE]);
+fn emit(out: &mut Vec<u8>, (len, instr): EncodedInstr) {
+    out.extend_from_slice(&instr[..len]);
+}
+
+fn binary_prelude(to: &mut Vec<u8>) {
+    emit(to, instrs::jal(reg::RET_ADDR, reg::ZERO, 0));
+    emit(to, instrs::tx());
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct LoggedMem {
+    pub mem: hbvm::mem::HostMemory,
+    op_buf: Vec<hbbytecode::Oper>,
+    disp_buf: String,
+    prev_instr: Option<hbbytecode::Instr>,
+}
+
+impl LoggedMem {
+    unsafe fn display_instr<T>(&mut self, instr: hbbytecode::Instr, addr: hbvm::mem::Address) {
+        let novm: *const hbvm::Vm<Self, 0> = core::ptr::null();
+        let offset = core::ptr::addr_of!((*novm).memory) as usize;
+        let regs = unsafe {
+            &*core::ptr::addr_of!(
+                (*(((self as *mut _ as *mut u8).sub(offset)) as *const hbvm::Vm<Self, 0>))
+                    .registers
+            )
+        };
+
+        let mut bytes = core::slice::from_raw_parts(
+            (addr.get() - 1) as *const u8,
+            core::mem::size_of::<T>() + 1,
+        );
+        use core::fmt::Write;
+        hbbytecode::parse_args(&mut bytes, instr, &mut self.op_buf).unwrap();
+        debug_assert!(bytes.is_empty());
+        self.disp_buf.clear();
+        write!(self.disp_buf, "{:<10}", format!("{instr:?}")).unwrap();
+        for (i, op) in self.op_buf.drain(..).enumerate() {
+            if i != 0 {
+                write!(self.disp_buf, ", ").unwrap();
+            }
+            write!(self.disp_buf, "{op:?}").unwrap();
+            if let hbbytecode::Oper::R(r) = op {
+                write!(self.disp_buf, "({})", regs[r as usize].0).unwrap()
+            }
+        }
+        log::trace!("read-typed: {:x}: {}", addr.get(), self.disp_buf);
+    }
+}
+
+impl hbvm::mem::Memory for LoggedMem {
+    unsafe fn load(
+        &mut self,
+        addr: hbvm::mem::Address,
+        target: *mut u8,
+        count: usize,
+    ) -> Result<(), hbvm::mem::LoadError> {
+        log::trace!(
+            "load: {:x} {}",
+            addr.get(),
+            AsHex(core::slice::from_raw_parts(addr.get() as *const u8, count))
+        );
+        self.mem.load(addr, target, count)
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn store(
+        &mut self,
+        addr: hbvm::mem::Address,
+        source: *const u8,
+        count: usize,
+    ) -> Result<(), hbvm::mem::StoreError> {
+        log::trace!(
+            "store: {:x} {}",
+            addr.get(),
+            AsHex(core::slice::from_raw_parts(source, count))
+        );
+        self.mem.store(addr, source, count)
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn prog_read<T: Copy + 'static>(&mut self, addr: hbvm::mem::Address) -> T {
+        if log::log_enabled!(log::Level::Trace) {
+            if core::any::TypeId::of::<u8>() == core::any::TypeId::of::<T>() {
+                if let Some(instr) = self.prev_instr {
+                    self.display_instr::<()>(instr, addr);
+                }
+                self.prev_instr = hbbytecode::Instr::try_from(*(addr.get() as *const u8)).ok();
+            } else {
+                let instr = self.prev_instr.take().unwrap();
+                self.display_instr::<T>(instr, addr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.mem.prog_read(addr)
+    }
+}
+
+struct AsHex<'a>(&'a [u8]);
+
+impl core::fmt::Display for AsHex<'_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        for &b in self.0 {
+            write!(f, "{b:02x}")?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+const VM_STACK_SIZE: usize = 1024 * 64;
+
+pub struct Comptime {
+    pub vm: hbvm::Vm<LoggedMem, { 1024 * 10 }>,
+    stack: Box<[u8; VM_STACK_SIZE]>,
+    pub code: Vec<u8>,
+    depth: usize,
+}
+
+impl Comptime {
+    pub fn run(&mut self, ret_loc: &mut [u8], offset: u32) -> u64 {
+        self.vm.write_reg(reg::RET, ret_loc.as_mut_ptr() as u64);
+        let prev_pc = self.push_pc(offset);
+        loop {
+            match self.vm.run().expect("TODO") {
+                hbvm::VmRunOk::End => break,
+                hbvm::VmRunOk::Timer => todo!(),
+                hbvm::VmRunOk::Ecall => todo!(),
+                hbvm::VmRunOk::Breakpoint => todo!(),
+            }
+        }
+        self.pop_pc(prev_pc);
+
+        if let len @ 1..=8 = ret_loc.len() {
+            ret_loc.copy_from_slice(&self.vm.read_reg(reg::RET).0.to_ne_bytes()[..len])
+        }
+
+        self.vm.read_reg(reg::RET).0
+    }
+
+    pub fn reset(&mut self) {
+        let ptr = unsafe { self.stack.as_mut_ptr().cast::<u8>().add(VM_STACK_SIZE) as u64 };
+        self.vm.registers.fill(hbvm::value::Value(0));
+        self.vm.write_reg(reg::STACK_PTR, ptr);
+        self.vm.pc = hbvm::mem::Address::new(self.code.as_ptr() as u64 + HEADER_SIZE as u64);
+    }
+
+    fn push_pc(&mut self, offset: Offset) -> hbvm::mem::Address {
+        let entry = &mut self.code[offset as usize] as *mut _ as _;
+        core::mem::replace(&mut self.vm.pc, hbvm::mem::Address::new(entry))
+            - self.code.as_ptr() as usize
+    }
+
+    fn pop_pc(&mut self, prev_pc: hbvm::mem::Address) {
+        self.vm.pc = prev_pc + self.code.as_ptr() as usize;
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.code.clear();
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn active(&self) -> bool {
+        self.depth != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn activate(&mut self) {
+        self.depth += 1;
+    }
+
+    pub fn deactivate(&mut self) {
+        self.depth -= 1;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for Comptime {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        let mut stack = Box::<[u8; VM_STACK_SIZE]>::new_uninit();
+        let mut vm = hbvm::Vm::default();
+        let ptr = unsafe { stack.as_mut_ptr().cast::<u8>().add(VM_STACK_SIZE) as u64 };
+        vm.write_reg(reg::STACK_PTR, ptr);
+        Self { vm, stack: unsafe { stack.assume_init() }, code: Default::default(), depth: 0 }
+    }
+}
+
+const HEADER_SIZE: usize = core::mem::size_of::<AbleOsExecutableHeader>();
+
+#[repr(packed)]
+#[expect(dead_code)]
+pub struct AbleOsExecutableHeader {
+    magic_number: [u8; 3],
+    executable_version: u32,
+
+    code_length: u64,
+    data_length: u64,
+    debug_length: u64,
+    config_length: u64,
+    metadata_length: u64,
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub fn test_run_vm(out: &[u8], output: &mut String) {
+    use core::fmt::Write;
+
+    let mut stack = [0_u64; 1024 * 20];
+
+    let mut vm = unsafe {
+        hbvm::Vm::<_, { 1024 * 100 }>::new(
+            LoggedMem::default(),
+            hbvm::mem::Address::new(out.as_ptr() as u64).wrapping_add(HEADER_SIZE),
+        )
+    };
+
+    vm.write_reg(reg::STACK_PTR, unsafe { stack.as_mut_ptr().add(stack.len()) } as u64);
+
+    let stat = loop {
+        match vm.run() {
+            Ok(hbvm::VmRunOk::End) => break Ok(()),
+            Ok(hbvm::VmRunOk::Ecall) => match vm.read_reg(2).0 {
+                1 => writeln!(output, "ev: Ecall").unwrap(), // compatibility with a test
+                69 => {
+                    let [size, align] = [vm.read_reg(3).0 as usize, vm.read_reg(4).0 as usize];
+                    let layout = core::alloc::Layout::from_size_align(size, align).unwrap();
+                    let ptr = unsafe { alloc::alloc::alloc(layout) };
+                    vm.write_reg(1, ptr as u64);
+                }
+                96 => {
+                    let [ptr, size, align] = [
+                        vm.read_reg(3).0 as usize,
+                        vm.read_reg(4).0 as usize,
+                        vm.read_reg(5).0 as usize,
+                    ];
+
+                    let layout = core::alloc::Layout::from_size_align(size, align).unwrap();
+                    unsafe { alloc::alloc::dealloc(ptr as *mut u8, layout) };
+                }
+                3 => vm.write_reg(1, 42),
+                8 => {}
+                unknown => writeln!(output, "unknown ecall: {unknown:?}").unwrap(),
+            },
+            Ok(hbvm::VmRunOk::Timer) => {
+                writeln!(output, "timed out").unwrap();
+                break Ok(());
+            }
+            Ok(ev) => writeln!(output, "ev: {:?}", ev).unwrap(),
+            Err(e) => break Err(e),
+        }
+    };
+
+    writeln!(output, "code size: {}", out.len() - HEADER_SIZE).unwrap();
+    writeln!(output, "ret: {:?}", vm.read_reg(1).0).unwrap();
+    writeln!(output, "status: {:?}", stat).unwrap();
+}

lang/src/son/hbvm/my_regalloc.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,903 @@
+use {
+    super::{HbvmBackend, Nid, Nodes},
+    crate::{
+        lexer::TokenKind,
+        parser,
+        reg::{self, Reg},
+        son::{debug_assert_matches, Kind, ARG_START, MEM, VOID},
+        ty::{self, Arg, Loc},
+        utils::{BitSet, Vc},
+        Offset, PLoc, Reloc, Sig, TypedReloc, Types,
+    },
+    alloc::{borrow::ToOwned, vec::Vec},
+    core::{mem, ops::Range},
+    hbbytecode::{self as instrs},
+};
+
+impl HbvmBackend {
+    pub fn emit_body_code_my(
+        &mut self,
+        nodes: &mut Nodes,
+        sig: Sig,
+        tys: &Types,
+        files: &[parser::Ast],
+    ) -> (usize, bool) {
+        let mut fuc = Function::new(nodes, tys, sig);
+        log::info!("{fuc:?}");
+
+        let mut res = mem::take(&mut self.ralloc_my);
+
+        Env::new(&fuc, &fuc.func, &mut res).run();
+
+        '_open_function: {
+            self.emit(instrs::addi64(reg::STACK_PTR, reg::STACK_PTR, 0));
+            self.emit(instrs::st(reg::RET_ADDR + fuc.tail as u8, reg::STACK_PTR, 0, 0));
+        }
+
+        let reg_offset = if fuc.tail { reg::RET + 12 } else { reg::RET_ADDR + 1 };
+
+        res.node_to_reg.iter_mut().filter(|r| **r != 0).for_each(|r| {
+            *r += reg_offset - 1;
+            if fuc.tail && *r >= reg::RET_ADDR {
+                *r += 1;
+            }
+        });
+
+        let atr = |allc: Nid| res.node_to_reg[allc as usize];
+
+        //for (id, node) in fuc.nodes.iter() {
+        //    if node.kind == Kind::Phi {
+        //        debug_assert_eq!(atr(node.inputs[1]), atr(node.inputs[2]));
+        //        debug_assert_eq!(atr(id), atr(node.inputs[2]));
+        //    }
+        //}
+
+        let (retl, mut parama) = tys.parama(sig.ret);
+        let mut typs = sig.args.args();
+        let mut args = fuc.nodes[VOID].outputs[ARG_START..].iter();
+        while let Some(aty) = typs.next(tys) {
+            let Arg::Value(ty) = aty else { continue };
+            let Some(loc) = parama.next(ty, tys) else { continue };
+            let &arg = args.next().unwrap();
+            let (rg, size) = match loc {
+                PLoc::WideReg(rg, size) => (rg, size),
+                PLoc::Reg(rg, size) if ty.loc(tys) == Loc::Stack => (rg, size),
+                PLoc::Reg(r, ..) | PLoc::Ref(r, ..) => {
+                    self.emit(instrs::cp(atr(arg), r));
+                    continue;
+                }
+            };
+            self.emit(instrs::st(rg, reg::STACK_PTR, self.offsets[arg as usize] as _, size));
+            if fuc.nodes[arg].lock_rc == 0 {
+                self.emit(instrs::addi64(rg, reg::STACK_PTR, self.offsets[arg as usize] as _));
+            }
+            self.emit(instrs::cp(atr(arg), rg));
+        }
+
+        for (i, block) in fuc.func.blocks.iter().enumerate() {
+            self.offsets[block.entry as usize] = self.code.len() as _;
+            for &nid in &fuc.func.instrs[block.range.clone()] {
+                if nid == VOID {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                let node = &fuc.nodes[nid];
+
+                let extend = |base: ty::Id, dest: ty::Id, from: Nid, to: Nid| {
+                    let (bsize, dsize) = (tys.size_of(base), tys.size_of(dest));
+                    debug_assert!(bsize <= 8, "{}", ty::Display::new(tys, files, base));
+                    debug_assert!(dsize <= 8, "{}", ty::Display::new(tys, files, dest));
+                    if bsize == dsize {
+                        return Default::default();
+                    }
+                    match (base.is_signed(), dest.is_signed()) {
+                        (true, true) => {
+                            let op = [instrs::sxt8, instrs::sxt16, instrs::sxt32]
+                                [bsize.ilog2() as usize];
+                            op(atr(to), atr(from))
+                        }
+                        _ => {
+                            let mask = (1u64 << (bsize * 8)) - 1;
+                            instrs::andi(atr(to), atr(from), mask)
+                        }
+                    }
+                };
+
+                match node.kind {
+                    Kind::If => {
+                        let &[_, cnd] = node.inputs.as_slice() else { unreachable!() };
+                        if let Kind::BinOp { op } = fuc.nodes[cnd].kind
+                            && let Some((op, swapped)) =
+                                op.cond_op(fuc.nodes[fuc.nodes[cnd].inputs[1]].ty)
+                        {
+                            let &[_, lhs, rhs] = fuc.nodes[cnd].inputs.as_slice() else {
+                                unreachable!()
+                            };
+
+                            self.emit(extend(fuc.nodes[lhs].ty, fuc.nodes[lhs].ty.extend(), 0, 0));
+                            self.emit(extend(fuc.nodes[rhs].ty, fuc.nodes[rhs].ty.extend(), 1, 1));
+
+                            let rel = Reloc::new(self.code.len(), 3, 2);
+                            self.jump_relocs.push((node.outputs[!swapped as usize], rel));
+                            self.emit(op(atr(lhs), atr(rhs), 0));
+                        } else {
+                            self.emit(extend(fuc.nodes[cnd].ty, fuc.nodes[cnd].ty.extend(), 0, 0));
+                            let rel = Reloc::new(self.code.len(), 3, 2);
+                            self.jump_relocs.push((node.outputs[0], rel));
+                            self.emit(instrs::jne(atr(cnd), reg::ZERO, 0));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Kind::Loop | Kind::Region => {
+                        if (mem::replace(&mut fuc.backrefs[nid as usize], u16::MAX) != u16::MAX)
+                            ^ (node.kind == Kind::Loop)
+                        {
+                            let index = (node.kind == Kind::Loop) as usize + 1;
+                            for &out in node.outputs.iter() {
+                                if fuc.nodes[out].is_data_phi()
+                                    && atr(out) != atr(fuc.nodes[out].inputs[index])
+                                {
+                                    self.emit(instrs::cp(
+                                        atr(out),
+                                        atr(fuc.nodes[out].inputs[index]),
+                                    ));
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            let rel = Reloc::new(self.code.len(), 1, 4);
+                            self.jump_relocs.push((nid, rel));
+                            self.emit(instrs::jmp(0));
+                        } else {
+                            let index = (node.kind != Kind::Loop) as usize + 1;
+                            for &out in node.outputs.iter() {
+                                if fuc.nodes[out].is_data_phi()
+                                    && atr(out) != atr(fuc.nodes[out].inputs[index])
+                                {
+                                    self.emit(instrs::cp(
+                                        atr(out),
+                                        atr(fuc.nodes[out].inputs[index]),
+                                    ));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Kind::Return => {
+                        let &[_, mut ret, ..] = node.inputs.as_slice() else { unreachable!() };
+                        match retl {
+                            None => {}
+                            Some(PLoc::Reg(r, _)) if sig.ret.loc(tys) == Loc::Reg => {
+                                self.emit(instrs::cp(r, atr(ret)));
+                            }
+                            Some(PLoc::Reg(r, size)) | Some(PLoc::WideReg(r, size)) => {
+                                ret = match fuc.nodes[ret].kind {
+                                    Kind::Load { .. } => fuc.nodes[ret].inputs[1],
+                                    _ => ret,
+                                };
+                                self.emit(instrs::ld(r, atr(ret), 0, size))
+                            }
+                            Some(PLoc::Ref(_, size)) => {
+                                ret = match fuc.nodes[ret].kind {
+                                    Kind::Load { .. } => fuc.nodes[ret].inputs[1],
+                                    _ => ret,
+                                };
+
+                                let [src, dst] = [atr(ret), atr(MEM)];
+                                if let Ok(size) = u16::try_from(size) {
+                                    self.emit(instrs::bmc(src, dst, size));
+                                } else {
+                                    for _ in 0..size / u16::MAX as u32 {
+                                        self.emit(instrs::bmc(src, dst, u16::MAX));
+                                        self.emit(instrs::addi64(src, src, u16::MAX as _));
+                                        self.emit(instrs::addi64(dst, dst, u16::MAX as _));
+                                    }
+                                    self.emit(instrs::bmc(src, dst, size as u16));
+                                    self.emit(instrs::addi64(src, src, size.wrapping_neg() as _));
+                                    self.emit(instrs::addi64(dst, dst, size.wrapping_neg() as _));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if i != fuc.func.blocks.len() - 1 {
+                            let rel = Reloc::new(self.code.len(), 1, 4);
+                            self.ret_relocs.push(rel);
+                            self.emit(instrs::jmp(0));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Kind::Die => self.emit(instrs::un()),
+                    Kind::CInt { value } if node.ty.is_float() => {
+                        self.emit(match node.ty {
+                            ty::Id::F32 => instrs::li32(
+                                atr(nid),
+                                (f64::from_bits(value as _) as f32).to_bits(),
+                            ),
+                            ty::Id::F64 => instrs::li64(atr(nid), value as _),
+                            _ => unreachable!(),
+                        });
+                    }
+                    Kind::CInt { value } => self.emit(match tys.size_of(node.ty) {
+                        1 => instrs::li8(atr(nid), value as _),
+                        2 => instrs::li16(atr(nid), value as _),
+                        4 => instrs::li32(atr(nid), value as _),
+                        _ => instrs::li64(atr(nid), value as _),
+                    }),
+                    Kind::UnOp { op } => {
+                        let op = op
+                            .unop(node.ty, fuc.nodes[node.inputs[1]].ty)
+                            .expect("TODO: unary operator not supported");
+                        self.emit(op(atr(nid), atr(node.inputs[1])));
+                    }
+                    Kind::BinOp { .. } if node.lock_rc != 0 => {}
+                    Kind::BinOp { op } => {
+                        let &[.., lhs, rhs] = node.inputs.as_slice() else { unreachable!() };
+
+                        if let Kind::CInt { value } = fuc.nodes[rhs].kind
+                            && fuc.nodes[rhs].lock_rc != 0
+                            && let Some(op) = op.imm_binop(node.ty)
+                        {
+                            self.emit(op(atr(nid), atr(lhs), value as _));
+                        } else if let Some(op) =
+                            op.binop(node.ty).or(op.float_cmp(fuc.nodes[lhs].ty))
+                        {
+                            self.emit(op(atr(nid), atr(lhs), atr(rhs)));
+                        } else if let Some(against) = op.cmp_against() {
+                            let op_ty = fuc.nodes[lhs].ty;
+
+                            self.emit(extend(fuc.nodes[lhs].ty, fuc.nodes[lhs].ty.extend(), 0, 0));
+                            self.emit(extend(fuc.nodes[rhs].ty, fuc.nodes[rhs].ty.extend(), 1, 1));
+
+                            if op_ty.is_float() && matches!(op, TokenKind::Le | TokenKind::Ge) {
+                                let opop = match op {
+                                    TokenKind::Le => TokenKind::Gt,
+                                    TokenKind::Ge => TokenKind::Lt,
+                                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                                };
+                                let op_fn = opop.float_cmp(op_ty).unwrap();
+                                self.emit(op_fn(atr(nid), atr(lhs), atr(rhs)));
+                                self.emit(instrs::not(atr(nid), atr(nid)));
+                            } else if op_ty.is_integer() {
+                                let op_fn =
+                                    if op_ty.is_signed() { instrs::cmps } else { instrs::cmpu };
+                                self.emit(op_fn(atr(nid), atr(lhs), atr(rhs)));
+                                self.emit(instrs::cmpui(atr(nid), atr(nid), against));
+                                if matches!(op, TokenKind::Eq | TokenKind::Lt | TokenKind::Gt) {
+                                    self.emit(instrs::not(atr(nid), atr(nid)));
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                todo!("unhandled operator: {op}");
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            todo!("unhandled operator: {op}");
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Kind::Call { args, func } => {
+                        let (ret, mut parama) = tys.parama(node.ty);
+                        let mut args = args.args();
+                        let mut allocs = node.inputs[1..].iter();
+                        while let Some(arg) = args.next(tys) {
+                            let Arg::Value(ty) = arg else { continue };
+                            let Some(loc) = parama.next(ty, tys) else { continue };
+
+                            let mut arg = *allocs.next().unwrap();
+                            let (rg, size) = match loc {
+                                PLoc::Reg(rg, size) if ty.loc(tys) == Loc::Stack => (rg, size),
+                                PLoc::WideReg(rg, size) => (rg, size),
+                                PLoc::Ref(r, ..) => {
+                                    arg = match fuc.nodes[arg].kind {
+                                        Kind::Load { .. } => fuc.nodes[arg].inputs[1],
+                                        _ => arg,
+                                    };
+                                    self.emit(instrs::cp(r, atr(arg)));
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                                PLoc::Reg(r, ..) => {
+                                    self.emit(instrs::cp(r, atr(arg)));
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                            };
+
+                            arg = match fuc.nodes[arg].kind {
+                                Kind::Load { .. } => fuc.nodes[arg].inputs[1],
+                                _ => arg,
+                            };
+                            self.emit(instrs::ld(rg, atr(arg), 0, size));
+                        }
+
+                        debug_assert!(
+                            !matches!(ret, Some(PLoc::Ref(..))) || allocs.next().is_some()
+                        );
+
+                        if func == ty::Func::ECA {
+                            self.emit(instrs::eca());
+                        } else {
+                            self.relocs.push(TypedReloc {
+                                target: ty::Kind::Func(func).compress(),
+                                reloc: Reloc::new(self.code.len(), 3, 4),
+                            });
+                            self.emit(instrs::jal(reg::RET_ADDR, reg::ZERO, 0));
+                        }
+
+                        match ret {
+                            Some(PLoc::WideReg(r, size)) => {
+                                debug_assert_eq!(
+                                    fuc.nodes[*node.inputs.last().unwrap()].kind,
+                                    Kind::Stck
+                                );
+                                let stck = self.offsets[*node.inputs.last().unwrap() as usize];
+                                self.emit(instrs::st(r, reg::STACK_PTR, stck as _, size));
+                            }
+                            Some(PLoc::Reg(r, size)) if node.ty.loc(tys) == Loc::Stack => {
+                                debug_assert_eq!(
+                                    fuc.nodes[*node.inputs.last().unwrap()].kind,
+                                    Kind::Stck
+                                );
+                                let stck = self.offsets[*node.inputs.last().unwrap() as usize];
+                                self.emit(instrs::st(r, reg::STACK_PTR, stck as _, size));
+                            }
+                            Some(PLoc::Reg(r, ..)) => self.emit(instrs::cp(atr(nid), r)),
+                            None | Some(PLoc::Ref(..)) => {}
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Kind::Global { global } => {
+                        let reloc = Reloc::new(self.code.len(), 3, 4);
+                        self.relocs.push(TypedReloc {
+                            target: ty::Kind::Global(global).compress(),
+                            reloc,
+                        });
+                        self.emit(instrs::lra(atr(nid), 0, 0));
+                    }
+                    Kind::Stck => {
+                        let base = reg::STACK_PTR;
+                        let offset = self.offsets[nid as usize];
+                        self.emit(instrs::addi64(atr(nid), base, offset as _));
+                    }
+                    Kind::Load => {
+                        let mut region = node.inputs[1];
+                        let mut offset = 0;
+                        if fuc.nodes[region].kind == (Kind::BinOp { op: TokenKind::Add })
+                            && let Kind::CInt { value } =
+                                fuc.nodes[fuc.nodes[region].inputs[2]].kind
+                        {
+                            region = fuc.nodes[region].inputs[1];
+                            offset = value as Offset;
+                        }
+                        let size = tys.size_of(node.ty);
+                        if node.ty.loc(tys) != Loc::Stack {
+                            let (base, offset) = match fuc.nodes[region].kind {
+                                Kind::Stck => {
+                                    (reg::STACK_PTR, self.offsets[region as usize] + offset)
+                                }
+                                _ => (atr(region), offset),
+                            };
+                            self.emit(instrs::ld(atr(nid), base, offset as _, size as _));
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Kind::Stre if node.inputs[1] == VOID => {}
+                    Kind::Stre => {
+                        let mut region = node.inputs[2];
+                        let mut offset = 0;
+                        let size = u16::try_from(tys.size_of(node.ty)).expect("TODO");
+                        if fuc.nodes[region].kind == (Kind::BinOp { op: TokenKind::Add })
+                            && let Kind::CInt { value } =
+                                fuc.nodes[fuc.nodes[region].inputs[2]].kind
+                            && node.ty.loc(tys) == Loc::Reg
+                        {
+                            region = fuc.nodes[region].inputs[1];
+                            offset = value as Offset;
+                        }
+                        let nd = &fuc.nodes[region];
+                        let value = node.inputs[1];
+                        let (base, offset, src) = match nd.kind {
+                            Kind::Stck if node.ty.loc(tys) == Loc::Reg => {
+                                (reg::STACK_PTR, self.offsets[region as usize] + offset, value)
+                            }
+                            _ => (atr(region), offset, match fuc.nodes[value].kind {
+                                Kind::Load { .. } => fuc.nodes[value].inputs[1],
+                                _ => value,
+                            }),
+                        };
+
+                        match node.ty.loc(tys) {
+                            Loc::Reg => self.emit(instrs::st(atr(src), base, offset as _, size)),
+                            Loc::Stack => {
+                                debug_assert_eq!(offset, 0);
+                                self.emit(instrs::bmc(atr(src), base, size))
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    Kind::Mem => self.emit(instrs::cp(atr(MEM), reg::RET)),
+                    Kind::Arg => {}
+                    e @ (Kind::Start
+                    | Kind::Entry
+                    | Kind::End
+                    | Kind::Loops
+                    | Kind::Then
+                    | Kind::Else
+                    | Kind::Phi
+                    | Kind::Assert { .. }) => unreachable!("{e:?}"),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        self.ralloc_my = res;
+
+        let bundle_count = self.ralloc_my.bundles.len() + (reg_offset as usize);
+        (
+            if fuc.tail {
+                bundle_count.saturating_sub(reg::RET_ADDR as _)
+            } else {
+                assert!(bundle_count < reg::STACK_PTR as usize, "TODO: spill memory");
+                self.ralloc_my.bundles.len()
+            },
+            fuc.tail,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Function<'a> {
+    sig: Sig,
+    tail: bool,
+    backrefs: Vec<u16>,
+    nodes: &'a mut Nodes,
+    tys: &'a Types,
+    visited: BitSet,
+    func: Func,
+}
+
+impl Function<'_> {
+    fn vreg_count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.nodes.values.len()
+    }
+
+    fn uses_of(&self, nid: Nid, buf: &mut Vec<Nid>) {
+        if self.nodes[nid].kind.is_cfg() && !matches!(self.nodes[nid].kind, Kind::Call { .. }) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        self.nodes[nid]
+            .outputs
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|&&n| self.nodes.is_data_dep(nid, n))
+            .collect_into(buf);
+    }
+
+    fn phi_inputs_of(&self, nid: Nid, buf: &mut Vec<Nid>) {
+        match self.nodes[nid].kind {
+            Kind::Region => {
+                for &inp in self.nodes[nid].outputs.as_slice() {
+                    if self.nodes[inp].is_data_phi() {
+                        buf.extend(&self.nodes[inp].inputs[1..]);
+                        buf.push(inp);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Kind::Loop => {
+                for &inp in self.nodes[nid].outputs.as_slice() {
+                    if self.nodes[inp].is_data_phi() {
+                        buf.push(self.nodes[inp].inputs[1]);
+                        buf.push(inp);
+                        buf.push(self.nodes[inp].inputs[2]);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn instr_of(&self, nid: Nid) -> Option<Nid> {
+        if self.nodes[nid].kind == Kind::Phi || self.nodes[nid].lock_rc != 0 {
+            return None;
+        }
+        debug_assert_ne!(self.backrefs[nid as usize], Nid::MAX, "{:?}", self.nodes[nid]);
+        Some(self.backrefs[nid as usize])
+    }
+
+    fn block_of(&self, nid: Nid) -> Nid {
+        debug_assert!(self.nodes[nid].kind.starts_basic_block());
+        self.backrefs[nid as usize]
+    }
+
+    fn idom_of(&self, mut nid: Nid) -> Nid {
+        while !self.nodes[nid].kind.starts_basic_block() {
+            nid = self.nodes.idom(nid);
+        }
+        nid
+    }
+
+    fn use_block(&self, inst: Nid, uinst: Nid) -> Nid {
+        let mut block = self.nodes.use_block(inst, uinst);
+        while !self.nodes[block].kind.starts_basic_block() {
+            block = self.nodes.idom(block);
+        }
+        block
+    }
+}
+
+impl core::fmt::Debug for Function<'_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        for block in &self.func.blocks {
+            writeln!(f, "{:?}", self.nodes[block.entry].kind)?;
+            for &instr in &self.func.instrs[block.range.clone()] {
+                writeln!(f, "{:?}", self.nodes[instr].kind)?;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Function<'a> {
+    fn new(nodes: &'a mut Nodes, tys: &'a Types, sig: Sig) -> Self {
+        let mut s = Self {
+            backrefs: vec![u16::MAX; nodes.values.len()],
+            tail: true,
+            nodes,
+            tys,
+            sig,
+            visited: Default::default(),
+            func: Default::default(),
+        };
+        s.visited.clear(s.nodes.values.len());
+        s.emit_node(VOID);
+        s
+    }
+
+    fn add_block(&mut self, entry: Nid) {
+        self.func
+            .blocks
+            .push(Block { range: self.func.instrs.len()..self.func.instrs.len(), entry });
+        self.backrefs[entry as usize] = self.func.blocks.len() as u16 - 1;
+    }
+
+    fn close_block(&mut self, exit: Nid) {
+        if !matches!(self.nodes[exit].kind, Kind::Loop | Kind::Region) {
+            self.add_instr(exit);
+        } else {
+            self.func.instrs.push(exit);
+        }
+        let prev = self.func.blocks.last_mut().unwrap();
+        prev.range.end = self.func.instrs.len();
+    }
+
+    fn add_instr(&mut self, nid: Nid) {
+        debug_assert_ne!(self.nodes[nid].kind, Kind::Loop);
+        self.backrefs[nid as usize] = self.func.instrs.len() as u16;
+        self.func.instrs.push(nid);
+    }
+
+    fn emit_node(&mut self, nid: Nid) {
+        if matches!(self.nodes[nid].kind, Kind::Region | Kind::Loop) {
+            match (self.nodes[nid].kind, self.visited.set(nid)) {
+                (Kind::Loop, false) | (Kind::Region, true) => {
+                    self.close_block(nid);
+                    return;
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        } else if !self.visited.set(nid) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if self.nodes.is_never_used(nid, self.tys) {
+            self.nodes.lock(nid);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let mut node = self.nodes[nid].clone();
+        match node.kind {
+            Kind::Start => {
+                debug_assert_matches!(self.nodes[node.outputs[0]].kind, Kind::Entry);
+                self.add_block(VOID);
+                self.emit_node(node.outputs[0])
+            }
+            Kind::If => {
+                let &[_, cond] = node.inputs.as_slice() else { unreachable!() };
+                let &[mut then, mut else_] = node.outputs.as_slice() else { unreachable!() };
+
+                if let Kind::BinOp { op } = self.nodes[cond].kind
+                    && let Some((_, swapped)) = op.cond_op(node.ty)
+                    && swapped
+                {
+                    mem::swap(&mut then, &mut else_);
+                }
+
+                self.close_block(nid);
+                self.emit_node(then);
+                self.emit_node(else_);
+            }
+            Kind::Region | Kind::Loop => {
+                self.close_block(nid);
+                self.add_block(nid);
+                self.reschedule_block(nid, &mut node.outputs);
+                for o in node.outputs.into_iter().rev() {
+                    self.emit_node(o);
+                }
+            }
+            Kind::Return | Kind::Die => {
+                self.close_block(nid);
+                self.emit_node(node.outputs[0]);
+            }
+            Kind::Entry => {
+                let (ret, mut parama) = self.tys.parama(self.sig.ret);
+                let mut typs = self.sig.args.args();
+                #[expect(clippy::unnecessary_to_owned)]
+                let mut args = self.nodes[VOID].outputs[ARG_START..].to_owned().into_iter();
+                while let Some(ty) = typs.next_value(self.tys) {
+                    let arg = args.next().unwrap();
+                    debug_assert_eq!(self.nodes[arg].kind, Kind::Arg);
+                    match parama.next(ty, self.tys) {
+                        None => {}
+                        Some(_) => self.add_instr(arg),
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if let Some(PLoc::Ref(..)) = ret {
+                    self.add_instr(MEM);
+                }
+
+                self.reschedule_block(nid, &mut node.outputs);
+                for o in node.outputs.into_iter().rev() {
+                    self.emit_node(o);
+                }
+            }
+            Kind::Then | Kind::Else => {
+                self.add_block(nid);
+                self.reschedule_block(nid, &mut node.outputs);
+                for o in node.outputs.into_iter().rev() {
+                    self.emit_node(o);
+                }
+            }
+            Kind::Call { func, .. } => {
+                self.tail &= func == ty::Func::ECA;
+
+                self.add_instr(nid);
+
+                self.reschedule_block(nid, &mut node.outputs);
+                for o in node.outputs.into_iter().rev() {
+                    if self.nodes[o].inputs[0] == nid
+                        || (matches!(self.nodes[o].kind, Kind::Loop | Kind::Region)
+                            && self.nodes[o].inputs[1] == nid)
+                    {
+                        self.emit_node(o);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Kind::CInt { .. }
+            | Kind::BinOp { .. }
+            | Kind::UnOp { .. }
+            | Kind::Global { .. }
+            | Kind::Load { .. }
+            | Kind::Stre
+            | Kind::Stck => self.add_instr(nid),
+            Kind::End | Kind::Phi | Kind::Arg | Kind::Mem | Kind::Loops => {}
+            Kind::Assert { .. } => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn reschedule_block(&mut self, from: Nid, outputs: &mut Vc) {
+        let from = Some(&from);
+        let mut buf = Vec::with_capacity(outputs.len());
+        let mut seen = BitSet::default();
+        seen.clear(self.nodes.values.len());
+
+        for &o in outputs.iter() {
+            if !self.nodes.is_cfg(o) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            seen.set(o);
+
+            let mut cursor = buf.len();
+            buf.push(o);
+            while let Some(&n) = buf.get(cursor) {
+                for &i in &self.nodes[n].inputs[1..] {
+                    if from == self.nodes[i].inputs.first()
+                        && self.nodes[i]
+                            .outputs
+                            .iter()
+                            .all(|&o| self.nodes[o].inputs.first() != from || seen.get(o))
+                        && seen.set(i)
+                    {
+                        buf.push(i);
+                    }
+                }
+                cursor += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for &o in outputs.iter() {
+            if !seen.set(o) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            let mut cursor = buf.len();
+            buf.push(o);
+            while let Some(&n) = buf.get(cursor) {
+                for &i in &self.nodes[n].inputs[1..] {
+                    if from == self.nodes[i].inputs.first()
+                        && self.nodes[i]
+                            .outputs
+                            .iter()
+                            .all(|&o| self.nodes[o].inputs.first() != from || seen.get(o))
+                        && seen.set(i)
+                    {
+                        buf.push(i);
+                    }
+                }
+                cursor += 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        debug_assert!(
+            outputs.len() == buf.len() || outputs.len() == buf.len() + 1,
+            "{:?} {:?}",
+            outputs,
+            buf
+        );
+
+        if buf.len() + 1 == outputs.len() {
+            outputs.remove(outputs.len() - 1);
+        }
+        outputs.copy_from_slice(&buf);
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Env<'a> {
+    ctx: &'a Function<'a>,
+    func: &'a Func,
+    res: &'a mut Res,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Env<'a> {
+    pub fn new(ctx: &'a Function<'a>, func: &'a Func, res: &'a mut Res) -> Self {
+        Self { ctx, func, res }
+    }
+
+    pub fn run(&mut self) {
+        self.res.bundles.clear();
+        self.res.node_to_reg.clear();
+        self.res.node_to_reg.resize(self.ctx.vreg_count(), 0);
+
+        debug_assert!(self.res.dfs_buf.is_empty());
+        debug_assert!(self.res.use_buf.is_empty());
+        debug_assert!(self.res.phi_input_buf.is_empty());
+
+        let mut bundle = Bundle::new(self.func.instrs.len());
+        let mut visited = BitSet::with_capacity(self.ctx.nodes.values.len());
+        let mut use_buf = mem::take(&mut self.res.use_buf);
+
+        let mut phi_input_buf = mem::take(&mut self.res.phi_input_buf);
+        for block in &self.func.blocks {
+            self.ctx.phi_inputs_of(block.entry, &mut phi_input_buf);
+            for param in phi_input_buf.drain(..) {
+                if !visited.set(param) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                self.append_bundle(param, &mut bundle, &mut use_buf);
+            }
+        }
+        self.res.phi_input_buf = phi_input_buf;
+
+        for &inst in &self.func.instrs {
+            if visited.get(inst) || inst == 0 {
+                continue;
+            }
+            self.append_bundle(inst, &mut bundle, &mut use_buf);
+        }
+
+        self.res.use_buf = use_buf;
+    }
+
+    fn append_bundle(&mut self, inst: Nid, bundle: &mut Bundle, use_buf: &mut Vec<Nid>) {
+        let mut dom = self.ctx.idom_of(inst);
+        if self.ctx.nodes[dom].kind == Kind::Loop && self.ctx.nodes[inst].kind == Kind::Phi {
+            dom = self.ctx.nodes.idom(dom);
+            dom = self.ctx.idom_of(dom);
+        }
+        self.ctx.uses_of(inst, use_buf);
+        for uinst in use_buf.drain(..) {
+            let cursor = self.ctx.use_block(inst, uinst);
+            self.reverse_cfg_dfs(cursor, dom, |_, n, b| {
+                let mut range = b.range.clone();
+                range.start =
+                    range.start.max(self.ctx.instr_of(inst).map_or(0, |n| n + 1) as usize);
+                range.end = range.end.min(
+                    self.ctx
+                        .instr_of(uinst)
+                        .filter(|_| self.ctx.nodes.loop_depth(dom) == self.ctx.nodes.loop_depth(n))
+                        .map_or(Nid::MAX, |n| n + 1) as usize,
+                );
+
+                bundle.add(range);
+            });
+        }
+
+        match self.res.bundles.iter_mut().enumerate().find(|(_, b)| !b.overlaps(bundle)) {
+            Some((i, other)) => {
+                other.merge(bundle);
+                bundle.clear();
+                self.res.node_to_reg[inst as usize] = i as Reg + 1;
+            }
+            None => {
+                self.res.bundles.push(mem::replace(bundle, Bundle::new(self.func.instrs.len())));
+                self.res.node_to_reg[inst as usize] = self.res.bundles.len() as Reg;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn reverse_cfg_dfs(
+        &mut self,
+        from: Nid,
+        until: Nid,
+        mut each: impl FnMut(&mut Self, Nid, &Block),
+    ) {
+        debug_assert!(self.res.dfs_buf.is_empty());
+        self.res.dfs_buf.push(from);
+        self.res.dfs_seem.clear(self.ctx.nodes.values.len());
+
+        while let Some(nid) = self.res.dfs_buf.pop() {
+            each(self, nid, &self.func.blocks[self.ctx.block_of(nid) as usize]);
+            if nid == until {
+                continue;
+            }
+            match self.ctx.nodes[nid].kind {
+                Kind::Then | Kind::Else | Kind::Region | Kind::Loop => {
+                    for &n in self.ctx.nodes[nid].inputs.iter() {
+                        let d = self.ctx.idom_of(n);
+                        if self.res.dfs_seem.set(d) {
+                            self.res.dfs_buf.push(d);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Kind::Start => {}
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Res {
+    pub bundles: Vec<Bundle>,
+    pub node_to_reg: Vec<Reg>,
+    use_buf: Vec<Nid>,
+    phi_input_buf: Vec<Nid>,
+    dfs_buf: Vec<Nid>,
+    dfs_seem: BitSet,
+}
+
+pub struct Bundle {
+    taken: Vec<bool>,
+}
+
+impl Bundle {
+    fn new(size: usize) -> Self {
+        Self { taken: vec![false; size] }
+    }
+
+    fn add(&mut self, range: Range<usize>) {
+        self.taken[range].fill(true);
+    }
+
+    fn overlaps(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.taken.iter().zip(other.taken.iter()).any(|(a, b)| a & b)
+    }
+
+    fn merge(&mut self, other: &Self) {
+        debug_assert!(!self.overlaps(other));
+        self.taken.iter_mut().zip(other.taken.iter()).for_each(|(a, b)| *a |= *b);
+    }
+
+    fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.taken.fill(false);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Func {
+    pub blocks: Vec<Block>,
+    pub instrs: Vec<Nid>,
+}
+
+pub struct Block {
+    pub range: Range<usize>,
+    pub entry: Nid,
+}

lang/src/utils.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,629 @@
+#![expect(dead_code)]
+use {
+    alloc::alloc,
+    core::{
+        alloc::Layout,
+        fmt::Debug,
+        hint::unreachable_unchecked,
+        marker::PhantomData,
+        mem::MaybeUninit,
+        ops::{Deref, DerefMut, Not},
+        ptr::Unique,
+    },
+};
+
+type Nid = u16;
+
+pub union BitSet {
+    inline: usize,
+    alloced: Unique<AllocedBitSet>,
+}
+
+impl Debug for BitSet {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        f.debug_list().entries(self.iter()).finish()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for BitSet {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        if self.is_inline() {
+            Self { inline: unsafe { self.inline } }
+        } else {
+            let (data, _) = self.data_and_len();
+            let (layout, _) = Self::layout(data.len());
+            unsafe {
+                let ptr = alloc::alloc(layout);
+                ptr.copy_from_nonoverlapping(self.alloced.as_ptr() as _, layout.size());
+                Self { alloced: Unique::new_unchecked(ptr as _) }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for BitSet {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if !self.is_inline() {
+            unsafe {
+                let cap = self.alloced.as_ref().cap;
+                alloc::dealloc(self.alloced.as_ptr() as _, Self::layout(cap).0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for BitSet {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self { inline: Self::FLAG }
+    }
+}
+
+impl BitSet {
+    const FLAG: usize = 1 << (Self::UNIT - 1);
+    const INLINE_ELEMS: usize = Self::UNIT - 1;
+    const UNIT: usize = core::mem::size_of::<usize>() * 8;
+
+    pub fn with_capacity(len: usize) -> Self {
+        let mut s = Self::default();
+        s.reserve(len);
+        s
+    }
+
+    fn is_inline(&self) -> bool {
+        unsafe { self.inline & Self::FLAG != 0 }
+    }
+
+    fn data_and_len(&self) -> (&[usize], usize) {
+        unsafe {
+            if self.is_inline() {
+                (core::slice::from_ref(&self.inline), Self::INLINE_ELEMS)
+            } else {
+                let small_vec = self.alloced.as_ref();
+                (
+                    core::slice::from_raw_parts(
+                        &small_vec.data as *const _ as *const usize,
+                        small_vec.cap,
+                    ),
+                    small_vec.cap * core::mem::size_of::<usize>() * 8,
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn data_mut_and_len(&mut self) -> (&mut [usize], usize) {
+        unsafe {
+            if self.is_inline() {
+                (core::slice::from_mut(&mut self.inline), INLINE_ELEMS)
+            } else {
+                let small_vec = self.alloced.as_mut();
+                (
+                    core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
+                        &mut small_vec.data as *mut _ as *mut usize,
+                        small_vec.cap,
+                    ),
+                    small_vec.cap * Self::UNIT,
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn indexes(index: usize) -> (usize, usize) {
+        (index / Self::UNIT, index % Self::UNIT)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get(&self, index: Nid) -> bool {
+        let index = index as usize;
+        let (data, len) = self.data_and_len();
+        if index >= len {
+            return false;
+        }
+        let (elem, bit) = Self::indexes(index);
+        (unsafe { *data.get_unchecked(elem) }) & (1 << bit) != 0
+    }
+
+    pub fn set(&mut self, index: Nid) -> bool {
+        let index = index as usize;
+        let (mut data, len) = self.data_mut_and_len();
+        if core::intrinsics::unlikely(index >= len) {
+            self.grow(index.next_power_of_two().max(4 * Self::UNIT));
+            (data, _) = self.data_mut_and_len();
+        }
+
+        let (elem, bit) = Self::indexes(index);
+        let elem = unsafe { data.get_unchecked_mut(elem) };
+        let prev = *elem;
+        *elem |= 1 << bit;
+        *elem != prev
+    }
+
+    fn grow(&mut self, size: usize) {
+        debug_assert!(size.is_power_of_two());
+        let slot_count = size / Self::UNIT;
+        let (layout, off) = Self::layout(slot_count);
+        let (ptr, prev_len) = unsafe {
+            if self.is_inline() {
+                let ptr = alloc::alloc(layout);
+                *ptr.add(off).cast::<usize>() = self.inline & !Self::FLAG;
+                (ptr, 1)
+            } else {
+                let prev_len = self.alloced.as_ref().cap;
+                let (prev_layout, _) = Self::layout(prev_len);
+                (alloc::realloc(self.alloced.as_ptr() as _, prev_layout, layout.size()), prev_len)
+            }
+        };
+        unsafe {
+            MaybeUninit::fill(
+                core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(
+                    ptr.add(off).cast::<MaybeUninit<usize>>().add(prev_len),
+                    slot_count - prev_len,
+                ),
+                0,
+            );
+            *ptr.cast::<usize>() = slot_count;
+            core::ptr::write(self, Self { alloced: Unique::new_unchecked(ptr as _) });
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn layout(slot_count: usize) -> (core::alloc::Layout, usize) {
+        unsafe {
+            core::alloc::Layout::new::<AllocedBitSet>()
+                .extend(Layout::array::<usize>(slot_count).unwrap_unchecked())
+                .unwrap_unchecked()
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> BitSetIter {
+        if self.is_inline() {
+            BitSetIter { index: 0, current: unsafe { self.inline & !Self::FLAG }, remining: &[] }
+        } else {
+            let &[current, ref remining @ ..] = self.data_and_len().0 else {
+                unsafe { unreachable_unchecked() }
+            };
+            BitSetIter { index: 0, current, remining }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn clear(&mut self, len: usize) {
+        self.reserve(len);
+        if self.is_inline() {
+            unsafe { self.inline &= Self::FLAG };
+        } else {
+            self.data_mut_and_len().0.fill(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn units<'a>(&'a self, slot: &'a mut usize) -> &'a [usize] {
+        if self.is_inline() {
+            *slot = unsafe { self.inline } & !Self::FLAG;
+            core::slice::from_ref(slot)
+        } else {
+            self.data_and_len().0
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn reserve(&mut self, len: usize) {
+        if len > self.data_and_len().1 {
+            self.grow(len.next_power_of_two().max(4 * Self::UNIT));
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn units_mut(&mut self) -> Result<&mut [usize], &mut InlineBitSetView> {
+        if self.is_inline() {
+            Err(unsafe {
+                core::mem::transmute::<&mut usize, &mut InlineBitSetView>(&mut self.inline)
+            })
+        } else {
+            Ok(self.data_mut_and_len().0)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct InlineBitSetView(usize);
+
+impl InlineBitSetView {
+    pub(crate) fn add_mask(&mut self, tmp: usize) {
+        debug_assert!(tmp & BitSet::FLAG == 0);
+        self.0 |= tmp;
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct BitSetIter<'a> {
+    index: usize,
+    current: usize,
+    remining: &'a [usize],
+}
+
+impl Iterator for BitSetIter<'_> {
+    type Item = usize;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        while self.current == 0 {
+            self.current = *self.remining.take_first()?;
+            self.index += 1;
+        }
+
+        let sub_idx = self.current.trailing_zeros() as usize;
+        self.current &= self.current - 1;
+        Some(self.index * BitSet::UNIT + sub_idx)
+    }
+}
+
+struct AllocedBitSet {
+    cap: usize,
+    data: [usize; 0],
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+#[test]
+fn test_small_bit_set() {
+    use std::vec::Vec;
+
+    let mut sv = BitSet::default();
+
+    sv.set(10);
+    debug_assert!(sv.get(10));
+    sv.set(100);
+    debug_assert!(sv.get(100));
+    sv.set(10000);
+    debug_assert!(sv.get(10000));
+    debug_assert_eq!(sv.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(), &[10, 100, 10000]);
+    sv.clear(10000);
+    debug_assert_eq!(sv.iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(), &[]);
+}
+
+pub union Vc {
+    inline: InlineVc,
+    alloced: AllocedVc,
+}
+
+impl Default for Vc {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Vc { inline: InlineVc { elems: MaybeUninit::uninit(), cap: Default::default() } }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Debug for Vc {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+        self.as_slice().fmt(f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl FromIterator<Nid> for Vc {
+    fn from_iter<T: IntoIterator<Item = Nid>>(iter: T) -> Self {
+        let mut slf = Self::default();
+        for i in iter {
+            slf.push(i);
+        }
+        slf
+    }
+}
+
+const INLINE_ELEMS: usize = VC_SIZE / 2 - 1;
+const VC_SIZE: usize = 16;
+
+impl Vc {
+    fn is_inline(&self) -> bool {
+        unsafe { self.inline.cap <= INLINE_ELEMS as Nid }
+    }
+
+    fn layout(&self) -> Option<core::alloc::Layout> {
+        unsafe {
+            self.is_inline().not().then(|| {
+                core::alloc::Layout::array::<Nid>(self.alloced.cap as _).unwrap_unchecked()
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        unsafe {
+            if self.is_inline() {
+                self.inline.cap as _
+            } else {
+                self.alloced.len as _
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn len_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Nid {
+        unsafe {
+            if self.is_inline() {
+                &mut self.inline.cap
+            } else {
+                &mut self.alloced.len
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const Nid {
+        unsafe {
+            match self.is_inline() {
+                true => self.inline.elems.as_ptr().cast(),
+                false => self.alloced.base.as_ptr(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn as_mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut Nid {
+        unsafe {
+            match self.is_inline() {
+                true => self.inline.elems.as_mut_ptr().cast(),
+                false => self.alloced.base.as_ptr(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[Nid] {
+        unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts(self.as_ptr(), self.len()) }
+    }
+
+    fn as_slice_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [Nid] {
+        unsafe { core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.as_mut_ptr(), self.len()) }
+    }
+
+    pub fn push(&mut self, value: Nid) {
+        if let Some(layout) = self.layout()
+            && unsafe { self.alloced.len == self.alloced.cap }
+        {
+            unsafe {
+                self.alloced.cap *= 2;
+                self.alloced.base = Unique::new_unchecked(
+                    alloc::realloc(
+                        self.alloced.base.as_ptr().cast(),
+                        layout,
+                        self.alloced.cap as usize * core::mem::size_of::<Nid>(),
+                    )
+                    .cast(),
+                );
+            }
+        } else if self.len() == INLINE_ELEMS {
+            unsafe {
+                let mut allcd =
+                    Self::alloc((self.inline.cap + 1).next_power_of_two() as _, self.len());
+                core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(self.as_ptr(), allcd.as_mut_ptr(), self.len());
+                *self = allcd;
+            }
+        }
+
+        unsafe {
+            *self.len_mut() += 1;
+            self.as_mut_ptr().add(self.len() - 1).write(value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    unsafe fn alloc(cap: usize, len: usize) -> Self {
+        debug_assert!(cap > INLINE_ELEMS);
+        let layout = unsafe { core::alloc::Layout::array::<Nid>(cap).unwrap_unchecked() };
+        let alloc = unsafe { alloc::alloc(layout) };
+        unsafe {
+            Vc {
+                alloced: AllocedVc {
+                    base: Unique::new_unchecked(alloc.cast()),
+                    len: len as _,
+                    cap: cap as _,
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn swap_remove(&mut self, index: usize) {
+        let len = self.len() - 1;
+        self.as_slice_mut().swap(index, len);
+        *self.len_mut() -= 1;
+    }
+
+    pub fn remove(&mut self, index: usize) {
+        self.as_slice_mut().copy_within(index + 1.., index);
+        *self.len_mut() -= 1;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Vc {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(layout) = self.layout() {
+            unsafe {
+                alloc::dealloc(self.alloced.base.as_ptr().cast(), layout);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for Vc {
+    fn clone(&self) -> Self {
+        self.as_slice().into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl IntoIterator for Vc {
+    type IntoIter = VcIntoIter;
+    type Item = Nid;
+
+    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+        VcIntoIter { start: 0, end: self.len(), vc: self }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct VcIntoIter {
+    start: usize,
+    end: usize,
+    vc: Vc,
+}
+
+impl Iterator for VcIntoIter {
+    type Item = Nid;
+
+    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        if self.start == self.end {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        let ret = unsafe { core::ptr::read(self.vc.as_slice().get_unchecked(self.start)) };
+        self.start += 1;
+        Some(ret)
+    }
+
+    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
+        let len = self.end - self.start;
+        (len, Some(len))
+    }
+}
+
+impl DoubleEndedIterator for VcIntoIter {
+    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
+        if self.start == self.end {
+            return None;
+        }
+
+        self.end -= 1;
+        Some(unsafe { core::ptr::read(self.vc.as_slice().get_unchecked(self.end)) })
+    }
+}
+
+impl ExactSizeIterator for VcIntoIter {}
+
+impl<const SIZE: usize> From<[Nid; SIZE]> for Vc {
+    fn from(value: [Nid; SIZE]) -> Self {
+        value.as_slice().into()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> From<&'a [Nid]> for Vc {
+    fn from(value: &'a [Nid]) -> Self {
+        if value.len() <= INLINE_ELEMS {
+            let mut dflt = Self::default();
+            unsafe {
+                core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(value.as_ptr(), dflt.as_mut_ptr(), value.len())
+            };
+            dflt.inline.cap = value.len() as _;
+            dflt
+        } else {
+            let mut allcd = unsafe { Self::alloc(value.len(), value.len()) };
+            unsafe {
+                core::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(value.as_ptr(), allcd.as_mut_ptr(), value.len())
+            };
+            allcd
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Deref for Vc {
+    type Target = [Nid];
+
+    fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
+        self.as_slice()
+    }
+}
+
+impl DerefMut for Vc {
+    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Self::Target {
+        self.as_slice_mut()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(C)]
+struct InlineVc {
+    cap: Nid,
+    elems: MaybeUninit<[Nid; INLINE_ELEMS]>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Copy)]
+#[repr(C)]
+struct AllocedVc {
+    cap: Nid,
+    len: Nid,
+    base: Unique<Nid>,
+}
+
+pub trait Ent: Copy {
+    fn new(index: usize) -> Self;
+    fn index(self) -> usize;
+}
+
+pub struct EntVec<K: Ent, T> {
+    data: ::alloc::vec::Vec<T>,
+    k: PhantomData<fn(K)>,
+}
+
+impl<K: Ent, T> Default for EntVec<K, T> {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self { data: Default::default(), k: PhantomData }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K: Ent, T> EntVec<K, T> {
+    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
+        self.data.clear();
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
+        self.data.is_empty()
+    }
+
+    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.data.len()
+    }
+
+    pub fn push(&mut self, value: T) -> K {
+        let k = K::new(self.data.len());
+        self.data.push(value);
+        k
+    }
+
+    pub fn next(&self, index: K) -> Option<&T> {
+        self.data.get(index.index() + 1)
+    }
+
+    pub fn shadow(&mut self, len: usize)
+    where
+        T: Default,
+    {
+        if self.data.len() < len {
+            self.data.resize_with(len, Default::default);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self) -> core::slice::Iter<T> {
+        self.data.iter()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K: Ent, T> core::ops::Index<K> for EntVec<K, T> {
+    type Output = T;
+
+    fn index(&self, index: K) -> &Self::Output {
+        &self.data[index.index()]
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K: Ent, T> core::ops::IndexMut<K> for EntVec<K, T> {
+    fn index_mut(&mut self, index: K) -> &mut Self::Output {
+        &mut self.data[index.index()]
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! decl_ent {
+    ($(
+        $vis:vis struct $name:ident($index:ty);
+    )*) => {$(
+        #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
+        $vis struct $name($index);
+
+        impl crate::utils::Ent for $name {
+            fn new(index: usize) -> Self {
+                Self(index as $index)
+            }
+
+            fn index(self) -> usize {
+                self.0 as _
+            }
+        }
+
+
+        impl core::fmt::Display for $name {
+            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
+                write!(f, concat!(stringify!($name), "{}"), self.0)
+            }
+        }
+    )*};
+}
+pub(crate) use decl_ent;

lang/tests/son_tests_advanced_floating_point_arithmetic.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -24d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 24h
+    LI32 r32, 1148846080w
+    CP r2, r32
+    JAL r31, r0, :sin
+    FMUL32 r33, r1, r32
+    FTI32 r1, r33, 1b
+    LD r31, r254, 0a, 24h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 24d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+sin:
+    LI32 r4, 1124073472w
+    LI32 r5, 1078530011w
+    FMUL32 r7, r2, r4
+    FDIV32 r9, r7, r5
+    FTI32 r11, r9, 1b
+    ANDI r10, r11, 255d
+    ITF64 r5, r11
+    MULI64 r4, r10, 4d
+    LRA r3, r0, :SIN_TABLE
+    LI32 r7, 1086918619w
+    FC64T32 r9, r5, 1b
+    ADDI64 r5, r11, 64d
+    ADD64 r8, r3, r4
+    LI32 r1, 1132462080w
+    FMUL32 r6, r9, r7
+    ANDI r7, r5, 255d
+    LI32 r5, 1056964608w
+    LD r4, r8, 0a, 4h
+    FDIV32 r8, r6, r1
+    MULI64 r6, r7, 4d
+    FMUL32 r10, r4, r5
+    FSUB32 r11, r2, r8
+    ADD64 r9, r3, r6
+    FMUL32 r2, r11, r10
+    LD r12, r9, 0a, 4h
+    FSUB32 r5, r12, r2
+    FMUL32 r7, r5, r11
+    FADD32 r1, r4, r7
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 1303
+ret: 826
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_aliasing_overoptimization.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+main:
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 29
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_arithmetic.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+main:
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 29
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_arrays.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -56d
+    ST r31, r254, 24a, 32h
+    LI64 r32, 1d
+    ADDI64 r2, r254, 0d
+    ST r32, r254, 0a, 8h
+    LI64 r33, 2d
+    ST r33, r254, 8a, 8h
+    LI64 r34, 4d
+    ST r34, r254, 16a, 8h
+    JAL r31, r0, :pass
+    ADD64 r1, r1, r32
+    LD r31, r254, 24a, 32h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 56d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+pass:
+    LD r4, r2, 8a, 8h
+    MULI64 r7, r4, 8d
+    LD r5, r2, 0a, 8h
+    ADD64 r10, r7, r2
+    ADD64 r9, r4, r5
+    LD r1, r10, 0a, 8h
+    ADD64 r1, r1, r9
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 231
+ret: 8
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_big_array_crash.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+main:
+    LRA r1, r0, :SIN_TABLE
+    LD r1, r1, 80a, 8h
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 767
+ret: 1736
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_branch_assignments.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+main:
+    LI64 r1, 1d
+    JNE r2, r1, :0
+    JMP :1
+ 0: LI64 r7, 0d
+    JNE r2, r7, :2
+    LI64 r1, 2d
+    JMP :1
+ 2: LI64 r1, 3d
+ 1: JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 79
+ret: 2
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_c_strings.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -16d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 16h
+    LRA r2, r0, :"abඞ\n\r\t56789\0"
+    JAL r31, r0, :str_len
+    CP r32, r1
+    LRA r2, r0, :"fff\0"
+    JAL r31, r0, :str_len
+    ADD64 r1, r1, r32
+    LD r31, r254, 0a, 16h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 16d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+str_len:
+    LI8 r6, 0b
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+ 2: LD r8, r2, 0a, 1h
+    ANDI r8, r8, 255d
+    ANDI r6, r6, 255d
+    JNE r8, r6, :0
+    JMP :1
+ 0: ADDI64 r2, r2, 1d
+    ADDI64 r1, r1, 1d
+    JMP :2
+ 1: JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 216
+ret: 16
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_comments.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+foo:
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -8d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 8h
+    JAL r31, r0, :foo
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    LD r31, r254, 0a, 8h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 8d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 95
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_comptime_function_from_another_file.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+main:
+    LRA r1, r0, :a
+    LD r1, r1, 0a, 8h
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 47
+ret: 50
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_comptime_min_reg_leak.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+main:
+    LRA r1, r0, :a
+    LD r1, r1, 0a, 8h
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 47
+ret: 50
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_conditional_stores.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+cond:
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -24d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 24h
+    JAL r31, r0, :cond
+    LI64 r32, 0d
+    CP r33, r32
+    JNE r1, r33, :0
+    CP r32, r33
+    CP r1, r32
+    JMP :1
+ 0: LI64 r1, 2d
+ 1: LD r31, r254, 0a, 24h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 24d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 134
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_const_folding_with_arg.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+main:
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 29
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_constants.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+main:
+    LI64 r1, 69d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 29
+ret: 69
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_dead_code_in_loop.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+main:
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 29
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_die.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+main:
+    UN 
+code size: 9
+ret: 0
+status: Err(Unreachable)

lang/tests/son_tests_different_types.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -12d
+    LI8 r1, 255b
+    ST r1, r254, 0a, 1h
+    LI8 r4, 0b
+    ST r4, r254, 1a, 1h
+    ST r4, r254, 2a, 1h
+    ST r1, r254, 3a, 1h
+    LI32 r9, 0w
+    ST r9, r254, 4a, 4h
+    LI32 r12, 2w
+    ST r12, r254, 8a, 4h
+    LD r3, r254, 8a, 4h
+    ANDI r3, r3, 4294967295d
+    ANDI r12, r12, 4294967295d
+    JEQ r3, r12, :0
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    JMP :1
+ 0: LD r10, r254, 4a, 4h
+    ANDI r10, r10, 4294967295d
+    ANDI r9, r9, 4294967295d
+    JEQ r10, r9, :2
+    LI64 r1, 64d
+    JMP :1
+ 2: LI64 r1, 512d
+ 1: ADDI64 r254, r254, 12d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 257
+ret: 512
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_directives.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -16d
+    LI64 r1, 10d
+    ADDI64 r4, r254, 0d
+    ST r1, r254, 0a, 8h
+    LI64 r7, 20d
+    ST r7, r254, 8a, 8h
+    LI64 r6, 6d
+    LI64 r5, 5d
+    LI64 r2, 1d
+    CP r3, r4
+    LD r3, r3, 0a, 16h
+    ECA 
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 16d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+ev: Ecall
+code size: 155
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_exhaustive_loop_testing.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+continue_and_state_change:
+    LI64 r7, 3d
+    LI64 r8, 4d
+    LI64 r9, 2d
+    LI64 r10, 10d
+ 6: JLTU r2, r10, :0
+    CP r1, r2
+    JMP :1
+ 0: JNE r2, r9, :2
+    CP r2, r8
+    JMP :3
+ 2: JNE r2, r7, :4
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+ 1: JMP :5
+ 4: ADDI64 r2, r2, 1d
+ 3: JMP :6
+ 5: JALA r0, r31, 0a
+infinite_loop:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -24d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 24h
+    LI64 r32, 1d
+    LI64 r33, 0d
+    CP r1, r33
+ 1: JNE r1, r32, :0
+    JMP :0
+ 0: CP r2, r33
+    JAL r31, r0, :continue_and_state_change
+    JMP :1
+    LD r31, r254, 0a, 24h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 24d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -64d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 64h
+    LI64 r32, 0d
+    CP r2, r32
+    JAL r31, r0, :multiple_breaks
+    CP r33, r1
+    LI64 r1, 3d
+    JEQ r33, r1, :0
+    LI64 r1, 1d
+    JMP :1
+ 0: CP r34, r1
+    LI64 r35, 4d
+    CP r2, r35
+    JAL r31, r0, :multiple_breaks
+    CP r36, r35
+    LI64 r37, 10d
+    JEQ r1, r37, :2
+    LI64 r1, 2d
+    JMP :1
+ 2: CP r2, r32
+    JAL r31, r0, :state_change_in_break
+    JEQ r1, r32, :3
+    CP r1, r34
+    JMP :1
+ 3: CP r2, r36
+    JAL r31, r0, :state_change_in_break
+    JEQ r1, r37, :4
+    CP r1, r36
+    JMP :1
+ 4: CP r2, r37
+    JAL r31, r0, :continue_and_state_change
+    JEQ r1, r37, :5
+    LI64 r1, 5d
+    JMP :1
+ 5: CP r2, r34
+    JAL r31, r0, :continue_and_state_change
+    JEQ r1, r32, :6
+    LI64 r1, 6d
+    JMP :1
+ 6: CP r38, r32
+    JAL r31, r0, :infinite_loop
+    CP r1, r38
+ 1: LD r31, r254, 0a, 64h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 64d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+multiple_breaks:
+    LI64 r6, 3d
+    LI64 r5, 10d
+ 4: JLTU r2, r5, :0
+    CP r1, r2
+    JMP :1
+ 0: ADDI64 r1, r2, 1d
+    JNE r1, r6, :2
+ 1: JMP :3
+ 2: CP r2, r1
+    JMP :4
+ 3: JALA r0, r31, 0a
+state_change_in_break:
+    LI64 r5, 3d
+    LI64 r6, 10d
+ 4: JLTU r2, r6, :0
+    CP r1, r2
+    JMP :1
+ 0: JNE r2, r5, :2
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+ 1: JMP :3
+ 2: ADDI64 r2, r2, 1d
+    JMP :4
+ 3: JALA r0, r31, 0a
+timed out
+code size: 668
+ret: 10
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_fb_driver.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+check_platform:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -8d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 8h
+    JAL r31, r0, :x86_fb_ptr
+    LD r31, r254, 0a, 8h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 8d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -64d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 64h
+    JAL r31, r0, :check_platform
+    LI64 r32, 0d
+    LI64 r33, 30d
+    LI64 r34, 100d
+    CP r35, r32
+    CP r36, r32
+    CP r37, r32
+ 5: JLTU r35, r33, :0
+    ADDI64 r36, r36, 1d
+    CP r2, r32
+    CP r3, r36
+    CP r4, r33
+    JAL r31, r0, :set_pixel
+    JEQ r1, r37, :1
+    CP r1, r32
+    JMP :2
+ 1: CP r38, r32
+    JNE r36, r34, :3
+    CP r1, r37
+    JMP :2
+ 3: CP r1, r37
+    CP r35, r38
+    JMP :4
+ 0: CP r1, r37
+    CP r38, r32
+    ADDI64 r1, r1, 1d
+    ADDI64 r35, r35, 1d
+ 4: CP r32, r38
+    CP r37, r1
+    JMP :5
+ 2: LD r31, r254, 0a, 64h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 64d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+set_pixel:
+    MUL64 r7, r3, r4
+    ADD64 r1, r7, r2
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+x86_fb_ptr:
+    LI64 r1, 100d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 330
+ret: 3000
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_floating_point_arithmetic.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+main:
+    LI32 r1, 3212836864w
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 25
+ret: 3212836864
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_functions.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+add_one:
+    ADDI64 r1, r2, 1d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+add_two:
+    ADDI64 r1, r2, 2d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -16d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 16h
+    LI64 r2, 10d
+    JAL r31, r0, :add_one
+    CP r32, r1
+    LI64 r2, 20d
+    JAL r31, r0, :add_two
+    ADD64 r1, r1, r32
+    LD r31, r254, 0a, 16h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 16d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 152
+ret: 33
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_generic_functions.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+add:
+    ADD64 r1, r2, r3
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+add:
+    ADD32 r1, r2, r3
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -24d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 24h
+    LI32 r3, 2w
+    CP r2, r3
+    JAL r31, r0, :add
+    CP r32, r1
+    LI64 r3, 3d
+    LI64 r2, 1d
+    JAL r31, r0, :add
+    ANDI r33, r32, 4294967295d
+    SUB64 r1, r33, r1
+    LD r31, r254, 0a, 24h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 24d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 158
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_generic_types.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+deinit:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -32d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 32h
+    CP r32, r2
+    LD r33, r2, 16a, 8h
+    LI64 r4, 8d
+    MUL64 r3, r33, r4
+    CP r34, r32
+    LD r2, r34, 0a, 8h
+    JAL r31, r0, :free
+    CP r1, r32
+    JAL r31, r0, :new
+    LD r31, r254, 0a, 32h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 32d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+free:
+    CP r10, r2
+    LRA r7, r0, :FREE_SYS_CALL
+    LD r2, r7, 0a, 8h
+    CP r5, r4
+    CP r4, r3
+    CP r3, r10
+    ECA 
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -56d
+    ST r31, r254, 24a, 32h
+    ADDI64 r32, r254, 0d
+    CP r1, r32
+    JAL r31, r0, :new
+    LI64 r3, 69d
+    CP r2, r32
+    JAL r31, r0, :push
+    LD r33, r254, 0a, 8h
+    LD r34, r33, 0a, 8h
+    CP r2, r32
+    JAL r31, r0, :deinit
+    CP r1, r34
+    LD r31, r254, 24a, 32h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 56d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+malloc:
+    CP r9, r2
+    LRA r5, r0, :MALLOC_SYS_CALL
+    LD r2, r5, 0a, 8h
+    CP r4, r3
+    CP r3, r9
+    ECA 
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+new:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -24d
+    LI64 r4, 0d
+    ADDI64 r5, r254, 0d
+    ST r4, r254, 0a, 8h
+    ST r4, r254, 8a, 8h
+    ST r4, r254, 16a, 8h
+    BMC r5, r1, 24h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 24d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+push:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -192d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 192h
+    CP r32, r3
+    LI64 r33, 1d
+    LD r34, r2, 8a, 8h
+    LD r35, r2, 16a, 8h
+    CP r36, r2
+    JNE r35, r34, :0
+    LI64 r37, 0d
+    JNE r35, r37, :1
+    CP r38, r33
+    JMP :2
+ 1: MULI64 r38, r35, 2d
+ 2: LI64 r39, 8d
+    MUL64 r2, r38, r39
+    CP r3, r39
+    JAL r31, r0, :malloc
+    CP r40, r1
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    CP r41, r40
+    JNE r41, r1, :3
+    JMP :4
+ 3: CP r40, r41
+    CP r42, r36
+    ST r38, r42, 16a, 8h
+    LD r36, r42, 8a, 8h
+    MULI64 r43, r36, 8d
+    LD r44, r42, 0a, 8h
+    ADD64 r45, r44, r43
+    CP r46, r40
+ 9: LD r2, r42, 0a, 8h
+    LD r47, r42, 8a, 8h
+    JNE r45, r44, :5
+    JEQ r47, r37, :6
+    CP r4, r39
+    MUL64 r3, r47, r4
+    JAL r31, r0, :free
+    CP r1, r40
+    JMP :7
+ 6: CP r1, r40
+ 7: ST r1, r42, 0a, 8h
+    JMP :8
+ 5: CP r1, r40
+    CP r4, r39
+    ADDI64 r41, r46, 8d
+    ADDI64 r48, r44, 8d
+    LD r49, r44, 0a, 8h
+    ST r49, r46, 0a, 8h
+    CP r44, r48
+    CP r46, r41
+    JMP :9
+ 0: CP r42, r36
+ 8: LD r50, r42, 8a, 8h
+    MULI64 r51, r50, 8d
+    LD r52, r42, 0a, 8h
+    ADD64 r1, r52, r51
+    CP r3, r32
+    ST r3, r1, 0a, 8h
+    LD r53, r42, 8a, 8h
+    ADD64 r54, r53, r33
+    ST r54, r42, 8a, 8h
+ 4: LD r31, r254, 0a, 192h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 192d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 955
+ret: 69
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_global_aliasing_overptimization.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+clobber:
+    LRA r1, r0, :var
+    LI64 r3, 0d
+    ST r3, r1, 0a, 8h
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -24d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 24h
+    LRA r32, r0, :var
+    LI64 r33, 2d
+    ST r33, r32, 0a, 8h
+    JAL r31, r0, :clobber
+    LD r1, r32, 0a, 8h
+    LD r31, r254, 0a, 24h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 24d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 166
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_global_variables.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+main:
+    LRA r2, r0, :complex_global_var
+    LD r3, r2, 0a, 8h
+    ADDI64 r1, r3, 5d
+    ST r1, r2, 0a, 8h
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 71
+ret: 55
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_hex_octal_binary_literals.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+main:
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 29
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_idk.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -128d
+    LI8 r5, 69b
+    LI64 r6, 128d
+    LI64 r7, 0d
+    ADDI64 r4, r254, 0d
+ 2: LD r12, r254, 42a, 1h
+    JLTU r7, r6, :0
+    ANDI r1, r12, 255d
+    JMP :1
+ 0: ADDI64 r3, r7, 1d
+    ADD64 r7, r4, r7
+    ST r5, r7, 0a, 1h
+    CP r7, r3
+    JMP :2
+ 1: ADDI64 r254, r254, 128d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 145
+ret: 69
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_if_statements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+fib:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -40d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 40h
+    LI64 r1, 1d
+    LI64 r32, 2d
+    JGTU r2, r32, :0
+    JMP :1
+ 0: CP r33, r2
+    SUB64 r2, r33, r1
+    CP r34, r33
+    JAL r31, r0, :fib
+    CP r2, r34
+    CP r35, r1
+    SUB64 r2, r2, r32
+    JAL r31, r0, :fib
+    ADD64 r1, r1, r35
+ 1: LD r31, r254, 0a, 40h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 40d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -8d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 8h
+    LI64 r2, 10d
+    JAL r31, r0, :fib
+    LD r31, r254, 0a, 8h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 8d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 211
+ret: 55
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_infinite_loop_after_peephole.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+main:
+    LI64 r2, 0d
+ 0: ADDI64 r2, r2, 1d
+    JMP :0
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+timed out
+code size: 45
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_inline.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+main:
+    LI64 r7, 6d
+    LRA r3, r0, :gb
+    LI64 r6, 0d
+    LD r8, r3, 0a, 8h
+    CMPU r9, r8, r6
+    CMPUI r9, r9, 0d
+    ORI r11, r9, 0d
+    ANDI r11, r11, 255d
+    JNE r11, r0, :0
+    CP r4, r7
+    JMP :1
+ 0: LI64 r4, 1d
+ 1: SUB64 r1, r4, r7
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 131
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_inline_test.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -32d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 32h
+    JAL r31, r0, :scalar_values
+    LI64 r32, 0d
+    CP r33, r32
+    JEQ r1, r33, :0
+    LI64 r1, 1d
+    JMP :1
+ 0: JAL r31, r0, :structs
+    CP r34, r33
+    JEQ r1, r34, :2
+    JAL r31, r0, :structs
+    JMP :1
+ 2: CP r1, r34
+    CP r33, r34
+ 1: LD r31, r254, 0a, 32h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 32d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+scalar_values:
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+structs:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -32d
+    LI64 r1, 5d
+    ST r1, r254, 16a, 8h
+    ST r1, r254, 24a, 8h
+    LD r5, r254, 16a, 8h
+    ADDI64 r7, r5, 15d
+    ST r7, r254, 0a, 8h
+    LI64 r10, 20d
+    ST r10, r254, 8a, 8h
+    LD r1, r254, 0a, 8h
+    SUB64 r1, r1, r10
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 32d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 307
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_inlined_generic_functions.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+main:
+    LI64 r1, 10d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 29
+ret: 10
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_inlining_issues.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -106d
+    ST r31, r254, 58a, 48h
+    ADDI64 r32, r254, 33d
+    ADDI64 r2, r254, 34d
+    ADDI64 r6, r254, 1d
+    LI64 r33, 0d
+    ADDI64 r4, r254, 17d
+    ST r32, r254, 34a, 8h
+    LI64 r34, 100d
+    ADDI64 r7, r254, 0d
+    LI8 r35, 1b
+    ST r33, r254, 1a, 8h
+    ST r33, r254, 17a, 8h
+    ST r34, r254, 42a, 8h
+    LI8 r36, 0b
+    ST r35, r254, 0a, 1h
+    ST r33, r254, 9a, 8h
+    ST r33, r254, 25a, 8h
+    ST r34, r254, 50a, 8h
+    ST r36, r254, 33a, 1h
+    CP r3, r4
+    CP r5, r6
+    LD r3, r3, 0a, 16h
+    LD r5, r5, 0a, 16h
+    LD r7, r7, 0a, 1h
+    JAL r31, r0, :put_filled_rect
+    LD r31, r254, 58a, 48h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 106d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+put_filled_rect:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -212d
+    ST r32, r254, 108a, 104h
+    ST r3, r254, 92a, 16h
+    ADDI64 r3, r254, 92d
+    ST r5, r254, 76a, 16h
+    ADDI64 r5, r254, 76d
+    ST r7, r254, 75a, 1h
+    ADDI64 r7, r254, 75d
+    LI64 r8, 25d
+    LI64 r32, 2d
+    LI64 r6, 8d
+    ADDI64 r33, r254, 25d
+    ADDI64 r34, r254, 50d
+    LI8 r35, 5b
+    ST r35, r254, 25a, 1h
+    LD r36, r5, 0a, 8h
+    ST r36, r254, 26a, 4h
+    LI64 r37, 1d
+    ST r37, r254, 30a, 4h
+    ST r7, r254, 34a, 8h
+    ST r35, r254, 50a, 1h
+    ST r36, r254, 51a, 4h
+    ST r37, r254, 55a, 4h
+    ST r7, r254, 59a, 8h
+    CP r38, r7
+    LD r7, r3, 8a, 8h
+    LD r39, r5, 8a, 8h
+    ADD64 r11, r39, r7
+    SUB64 r4, r11, r37
+    LD r40, r2, 8a, 8h
+    MUL64 r5, r40, r4
+    LD r9, r2, 0a, 8h
+    ADD64 r10, r9, r5
+    LD r2, r3, 0a, 8h
+    ADD64 r41, r2, r10
+    MUL64 r3, r40, r7
+    ADD64 r4, r9, r3
+    ADD64 r42, r2, r4
+ 3: JGTU r39, r37, :0
+    JNE r39, r37, :1
+    ADDI64 r4, r254, 0d
+    ST r35, r254, 0a, 1h
+    ST r36, r254, 1a, 4h
+    ST r37, r254, 5a, 4h
+    ST r38, r254, 9a, 8h
+    ST r42, r254, 17a, 8h
+    CP r2, r6
+    CP r3, r32
+    CP r5, r8
+    ECA 
+    JMP :1
+ 1: JMP :2
+ 0: CP r3, r32
+    CP r43, r6
+    CP r44, r8
+    ST r42, r254, 67a, 8h
+    CP r2, r43
+    CP r4, r34
+    CP r5, r44
+    ECA 
+    ST r41, r254, 42a, 8h
+    CP r2, r43
+    CP r3, r32
+    CP r4, r33
+    CP r5, r44
+    ECA 
+    ADD64 r42, r40, r42
+    SUB64 r41, r41, r40
+    SUB64 r39, r39, r32
+    CP r6, r43
+    CP r8, r44
+    JMP :3
+ 2: LD r32, r254, 108a, 104h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 212d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 917
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_intcast_store.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -32d
+    ST r31, r254, 16a, 16h
+    ADDI64 r3, r254, 0d
+    ADDI64 r2, r254, 8d
+    LI64 r32, 0d
+    ST r32, r254, 0a, 8h
+    ST r32, r254, 8a, 8h
+    LI64 r4, 1024d
+    JAL r31, r0, :set
+    ANDI r1, r1, 4294967295d
+    LD r31, r254, 16a, 16h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 32d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+set:
+    CP r1, r4
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 167
+ret: 1024
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_integer_inference_issues.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+integer_range:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -16d
+    ST r32, r254, 0a, 16h
+    CP r32, r2
+    CP r33, r3
+    LI64 r3, 4d
+    LI64 r2, 3d
+    ECA 
+    CP r2, r32
+    CP r3, r33
+    SUB64 r11, r3, r2
+    ADDI64 r3, r11, 1d
+    DIRU64 r0, r3, r1, r3
+    ADD64 r1, r3, r2
+    LD r32, r254, 0a, 16h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 16d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -8d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 8h
+    LI64 r3, 1000d
+    LI64 r2, 0d
+    JAL r31, r0, :integer_range
+    LD r31, r254, 0a, 8h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 8d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 210
+ret: 42
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_loop_stores.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -8d
+    LI64 r3, 0d
+    LI64 r2, 10d
+    ST r2, r254, 0a, 8h
+ 2: LD r1, r254, 0a, 8h
+    JNE r1, r3, :0
+    JMP :1
+ 0: ADDI64 r11, r1, -1d
+    ST r11, r254, 0a, 8h
+    JMP :2
+ 1: ADDI64 r254, r254, 8d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 126
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_loops.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+fib:
+    LI64 r4, 1d
+    LI64 r5, 0d
+    CP r1, r5
+    CP r10, r4
+ 2: JNE r2, r5, :0
+    JMP :1
+ 0: ADD64 r1, r10, r1
+    SUB64 r2, r2, r4
+    CP r3, r1
+    CP r1, r10
+    CP r10, r3
+    JMP :2
+ 1: JALA r0, r31, 0a
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -8d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 8h
+    LI64 r2, 10d
+    JAL r31, r0, :fib
+    LD r31, r254, 0a, 8h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 8d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 153
+ret: 55
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_main_fn.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+main:
+    LI64 r1, 1d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 29
+ret: 1
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_more_if_opts.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -32d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 32h
+    JAL r31, r0, :opaque
+    CP r32, r1
+    JAL r31, r0, :opaque
+    LI64 r33, 0d
+    CP r1, r32
+    JNE r1, r33, :0
+    CP r32, r1
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    CP r34, r32
+    JMP :1
+ 0: CP r34, r1
+    LD r1, r34, 0a, 8h
+ 1: JEQ r34, r33, :2
+    LD r1, r34, 0a, 8h
+    JMP :2
+ 2: LD r31, r254, 0a, 32h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 32d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+opaque:
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 183
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_needless_unwrap.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+test.hb:4:17: unwrap is not needed since the value is (provably) never null, remove it, or replace with '@as(<expr_ty>, <opt_expr>)'
+    ptr := @unwrap(always_nn)
+                   ^
+test.hb:6:16: unwrap is incorrect since the value is (provably) always null, make sure your logic is correct
+    ptr = @unwrap(always_n)
+                  ^

lang/tests/son_tests_nonexistent_ident_import.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+foo.hb:4:1: redeclaration of identifier: foo
+foo := fn(): void {
+^
+
+foo.hb:7:23: undefined indentifier: mian
+main := @use("bar.hb").mian
+                      ^

lang/tests/son_tests_null_check_in_the_loop.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -38d
+    ST r31, r254, 6a, 32h
+    LI8 r32, 0b
+    ADDI64 r33, r254, 0d
+ 2: JAL r31, r0, :return_fn
+    ST r1, r254, 0a, 6h
+    LD r34, r254, 0a, 1h
+    ANDI r34, r34, 255d
+    ANDI r32, r32, 255d
+    JEQ r34, r32, :0
+    LI64 r1, 1d
+    JMP :1
+ 0: JMP :2
+ 1: LD r31, r254, 6a, 32h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 38d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+return_fn:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -6d
+    LI8 r4, 1b
+    ADDI64 r3, r254, 0d
+    ST r4, r254, 0a, 1h
+    LI8 r4, 0b
+    ST r4, r254, 1a, 1h
+    ST r4, r254, 2a, 1h
+    ST r4, r254, 3a, 1h
+    ST r4, r254, 4a, 1h
+    ST r4, r254, 5a, 1h
+    LD r1, r3, 0a, 6h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 6d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 302
+ret: 1
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_null_check_test.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+get_ptr:
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -40d
+    ST r31, r254, 0a, 40h
+    JAL r31, r0, :get_ptr
+    LI64 r32, 0d
+    JNE r1, r32, :0
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    JMP :1
+ 0: LI64 r33, 10d
+    CP r34, r1
+ 2: LD r1, r34, 0a, 8h
+    JEQ r1, r33, :1
+    ADDI64 r35, r1, 1d
+    ST r35, r34, 0a, 8h
+    JMP :2
+ 1: LD r31, r254, 0a, 40h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 40d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 185
+ret: 0
+status: Ok(())

lang/tests/son_tests_nullable_structure.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+main:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -122d
+    ST r31, r254, 26a, 96h
+    JAL r31, r0, :returner_fn
+    CP r32, r1
+    ADDI64 r1, r254, 2d
+    JAL r31, r0, :returner_bn
+    ADDI64 r33, r254, 0d
+    JAL r31, r0, :returner_cn
+    ST r1, r254, 0a, 2h
+    LI8 r34, 0b
+    LI8 r35, 0b
+    LD r36, r254, 2a, 1h
+    CP r1, r32
+    ANDI r37, r37, 255d
+    ANDI r1, r1, 255d
+    CMPU r37, r1, r34
+    CMPUI r37, r37, 0d
+    ANDI r38, r38, 255d
+    ANDI r36, r36, 255d
+    CMPU r38, r36, r35
+    CMPUI r38, r38, 0d
+    LD r39, r254, 0a, 1h
+    AND r40, r38, r37
+    ANDI r41, r41, 255d
+    ANDI r39, r39, 255d
+    CMPU r41, r39, r35
+    CMPUI r41, r41, 0d
+    AND r42, r41, r40
+    ANDI r42, r42, 255d
+    JNE r42, r0, :0
+    LI64 r1, 0d
+    JMP :1
+ 0: LI64 r1, 1d
+ 1: LD r31, r254, 26a, 96h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 122d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+returner_bn:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -24d
+    LI8 r6, 1b
+    ADDI64 r5, r254, 0d
+    ST r6, r254, 0a, 1h
+    LI64 r6, 0d
+    ST r6, r254, 8a, 8h
+    ST r6, r254, 16a, 8h
+    BMC r5, r1, 24h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 24d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+returner_cn:
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, -2d
+    LI8 r4, 1b
+    ADDI64 r3, r254, 0d
+    ST r4, r254, 0a, 1h
+    LI8 r4, 0b
+    ST r4, r254, 1a, 1h
+    LD r1, r3, 0a, 2h
+    ADDI64 r254, r254, 2d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+returner_fn:
+    LD r1, r254, 0a, 0h
+    ORI r1, r1, 128d
+    JALA r0, r31, 0a
+code size: 546
+ret: 1
+status: Ok(())